HIGHWAY AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING

(HIGHWAY AND TRAFFIC LABORATORY)

(ECG 564)

SKID RESISTANCE TEST

NO. NAME MATRIX NO.

1. MUHAMAD SYAHRI BIN MUHD RUSLI 2015116185
2. HASNA ADILLA 2016128281
3. SHAHMIRUL SHAZMAN BIN MOHD ZULKIFLI 2015165201
4. MUHAMMAD AMINULLAH BIN ABD RAHIM 2015144755

Lecturer’s name: Dr. Masria Mustafa

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

Skidding between tyres and road surface occurs in many road accidents. Highway engineers have
researched ways to improve the skid resistance of road surfaces. One of equipment is the Pendulum
Skid Tester. This device stimulates the skid resistance of a road surface to a motorcar travelling at
50 km/h. it gives a number, being a percentage, somewhat akin to a coefficient of friction.

It was found that skid resistance falls rapidly after a road is opened to traffic but the rate of
deterioration sows down, eventually settling to a constant value. This latter value is dependent on
the surface texture, rock type and traffic volume.

2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Major roads in the campus are still under its original conditions. Few sections of the roads are
visibly deteriorated and need major maintenance activity.

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3.0 OBJECTIVES
3.1 To measure the skid resistance value (SRV), microtexture of road pavement surfaces
by using skid resistance test.

4.0 APPARATUS
4.1 Portable pendulum skid resistance tester.

4.2 Scale ruler

4.3 Brush

4.4 Rubber slider

4.5 Water container

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5.0 PROCEDURES

5.1 The skid resistance tester been setup the center of column in vertical (this is done by
adjusting the screw).
5.2 The height of the pivot been adjust, so that the arms swings freely through its arc
without touching the road surface. (The zero scale checked to swing right through).
5.3 The pivot set lower with the road surface over the precise distance (150mm) as shown
by the gauge (scale rule) which is placed alongside.
5.4 The pendulum arm raised to the starting point and engaged the retaining catch
5.5 The road surface where the test is to be taken watered.
5.6 Maximum swing indicator is set to the vertical position checked
5.7 The pendulum arm released.
5.8 After it has swing through, the arm catch to prevent a back swing that could disturb the
apparatus reading.
5.9 The reading on the scale taken.
5.10 The test repeated to obtain the minimum of three reading at a place for wet and dry
condition
5.11 Then the place changed from pavement (coarse) to cement (fine).

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6.0 RESULT

Location Surface Texture and Reading on Skid Resistance

Condition Tester
Wet Dry
1 Pavement (coarse), rough 92 114
surface 93 114
94 113
Avg = 93 Avg = 113.67
2 Cement (fine), smooth 36 40
surface 34 45
33 44
Avg = 34.33 Avg = 43

7.0 DISCUSSION

Based on the result state above we have indicated that the highest value for dry is 114 at the
pavement texture (dry) and the lowest is 33 at the cement texture (wet). We have taken three
readings and the average value calculated for dry condition at pavement surface is 113.67
meanwhile the wet condition for pavement surface is 93. At the cement surface, the average
value during dry condition is 43 meanwhile during wet condition is 34.33. We can see that the
reading on skid resistance tester are higher on dry condition compare to wet condition due to
higher friction. This is because of the microtexture of pavement surface is less in number
compare to the cement surface. Thus making the surface coarser that the cement surfaces. After
water added into the experiment, it acts as a material or substances that can make the surface
smoother. This is because the water filling in the void spaces between two macrotextures
making it less coarse. Less macrotextures means more microtextures which contributes to less
gripping of rubber of tyre into the surfaces thus contributing to slidding of a vehicles.

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8.0 CONCLUSION

Based on the experiment we have conducted we can concluded that the value of reading on
skid resistance tester will be increase if the resistance of the surface is higher. We can prove
that by compare the dry value with wet value. We can see that the dry value have higher value
compared to wet value due to higher friction. The higher the skid resistance value, the higher
the number of microtexture of road pavement surfaces. Based on the result that we get, the
higher the number of microtexture the smoother the pavement becomes.

9.0 REFERENCES

9.1 TRRL (1969). Instructions for Using the Portable Skid Resistance Tester. Road Note
27, Transport and Road Research Laboratory HMSO.
9.2 Gillespie, T.D,. ‘’Pavement Surface Characteristics and Their Correlation with Skid
Resistance,’’ MS thesis, 1965
9.3 Garber, N. J and Hoel, L. A., 2002. Traffic and Highway Engineering, 3rd. Edition,
PWS Publishing.
9.4 Ajay K Duggal and Vijay P Puri, Laboratory manual in highway engineering, New
Delhi: New Age International Publishers, 1991.

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10.0 APPENDICES