A Research Paper of Holy Angel School of Caloocan Inc

HOLY ANGEL SCHOOL OF CALOOCAN INC.
Hillcrest Village, Camarin Rd., Caloocan City
Introduction
Speaking is an important process and part of daily lives of the people
to share message and feelings; it is a way to have communication and good
relationship to others. According to Cole et al., (2007) speaking is essential a
collaborative and interactive process it is an exchange. We may finish each
other’s comments, interrupt, disagree with or extend what is said. It can be
talking to their relatives, friends, classmates, love ones, and other people that
they encounter. Communication is the process by which people exchange
messages. The message can be delivered orally, such as speeches or
reports, or through written symbols such as Facebook posts or letters
(Masong et al., 2016). Nowadays, people are exercise to speak a lot
especially to the students to train their skills when it comes to speaking in
front of the crowd. In order to develop their speaking skills, teachers always
gave their students an activity that might help for enhancing their skills. One
of the best ways for doing this is to participate in public speaking activities in
their school to exercise not only on their communication skills but also on
how they deliver a speech in front of the crowd and boost their confidence.
According to Dom Barnard, (2018) public speaking is the act of performing a
speech to a live audience in a structured manner, in order to inform,
entertain, and persuade them.
1
Public speaking is a difficult task that every people encounter especially the
students. Many students are not comfortable to speak in front of the crowd,
sometimes fear comes first, resulted to have uncomfortable feeling before
doing the task. Lives as it is a way to share ideas to the audience and also to
influence the audience through speech. This is the problem that every
students needs to improve or overcome, public speaking is now part of a
people’s lives as it is a way to share ideas to the audience and also to
influence the audience through speech.
Confidence plays an essential role in public speaking. One needs
to be confident in front of his/her audience to create an everlasting
impression. Your audience would not take you seriously unless and until you
believe in yourself. Self-confidence is crucial in public speaking. Confidence
reflects in the way you carry yourself. Some people are good communicators
but when it comes to addressing a large number of people, they lose
confidence (Management study guide content team). According to Peter
Koijen, (2018) self-confidence is about what you do, it can be about what you
are good at doing, at work or at home.
2
Background of Study
Talking with one people is generally an easier task, because it is mostly
interactive. But while talking to an wide audience, we think that we are
presenting our self and the audience have expectation from us. With
expectation we get more pressure. And most of the great skill for a person to
possess is public speaking, confidence, self – efficacy. In general, speaking is
the skill of expressing self -thought. It is a means of communication. So it is
really important to be able to speak up our mind in front of a big audience.
While confidence is the key to have a strength to stand and speak in a front of
many people.
Self – efficacy is an important entity in elevating someone to a better
level. Without efficacy, individuals will not be able to face difficulties in life.
According to Bandura (1977, 1997), an individual may gain a greater sense
of self-efficacy from four informational sources, they are: 1) performance
accomplishments, 2) vicarious learning, 3) social persuasion, and 4)
emotional arousal. Performance accomplishment is based on an individual’s
past success in performing a task or behavior.
Confidence comes from the Latin word “Fidere”, means to trust. Self-
confidence is the belief in oneself and abilities or aptitude, to engage
successfully or at least adequately with the word. And it describes the things
of what we think and feel about.
3
Another popular article defines self- confidence as an individual’s
expectations of performance and self-evaluations of abilities and prior
performance (Lenney, 1977).Self-confidence will lead to improved
performance, and a more successful life in general.
The Public speaking is an essential life skill in the modern world, full of
meetings, conferences and networking events. In this article, we look at the
history of public speaking, from Greece to the 21st century, as well as
famous orators throughout history. Public speaking is the act of performing a
speech to a live audience in a structured manner, in order to inform, entertain
and persuade them. There are many aspects to public speaking, from picking a
topic and writing a speech, to answering questions from the audience. Public
speaking is usually a formal, face-to-face speech to either a single person or
group of listeners. Speaking is so much a part of daily life that some people
might take for granted (Thornbury, 2005). Even though many people
routinely give speeches or presentations for work or school, they may still
experience fear at the idea of having to stand in front of others and talk.
Some speakers can become debilitated by thoughts of what to say, how to
keep the audience’s interest and how to calm nerves. If people don't have
enough confidence in themselves, they will risk alienating the audience.
Being obviously nervous is especially problematic because when we are
nervous, listeners are more likely to focus on negative vocal and visual cues.
4
Statement of the problem
This part of the research, wants to answer the research questions that
focuses on the study about the significance of self-confidence in public
speaking of grade 10 students of Holy Angel School of Caloocan Inc.
1. What is the level of confidence in public speaking of grade 10 students
of Holy Angel School of Caloocan Inc.?
2. How does confidence level affect the communication skills of the
students in public speaking in terms of Delivering speeches?
3. What is the proposed appropriate booklet about guidelines on how to
boost self-confidence to become an effective Public speaker?
5
Theoretical Framework
According to (Bandura, 1994) Self-efficacy is the belief in one’s own
ability to successfully accomplish something. It is a theory by itself, as well as
being a construct of Social Cognitive Theory. Self-Efficacy Theory tells us
that people generally will only attempt things they believe they can
accomplish and won’t attempt things they believe they will fail. Makes sense-
why would you try something you don’t think you can do? However, people
with a strong sense of efficacy believe they can accomplish even difficult
tasks. They see these as challenges to be mastered, rather than threats to
be avoided. There are three domains of learning according to Leslie Owen
Wilson; cognitive(thinking), affective (emotion/feeling), and psychomotor
(physical/kinesthetic). But among of these domains, affective domain by
David Krathwohl ang psychomotor domain by simpson is more correlated in
this study.
According to David Krathwohl, The affective domain describes
learning objectives that emphasize a feeling tone, an emotion, or a degree of
acceptance or rejection. Affective objectives vary from simple attention to
selected phenomena to complex but internally consistent qualities of
character and conscience. We found a large number of such objectives in the
literature expressed as interests, attitudes, appreciations, values, and
emotional sets or biases.
6
Affective domain in education helps the students to apply the
knowledge they learned and also to train their feelings or emotions especially
when it comes to self-confidence. Many students fear of public speaking
aside from having a low self-confidence, they are fear in rejections or fear of
making mistake.
Elizabeth Simpson built her taxonomy on the work of Bloom and
others. Simpson’s psychomotor domain is comprised of utilizi ng motor
skills and coordinating them. Simpson’s taxonomy has a focus toward
the progression of mastery of a skill from observation to invention.
There are seven category of psychomotor domain: perception, set,
guided response, mechanism, complex overt response, adaptation,
and origination. In this study the researchers focuses only on the
three categories of psychomotor domain: set, mechanism and
origination.
Set is the readiness to act. This is your mindset. It is the
mental, physical, and emotional dispositions that make you respond in
a certain way to a situation. And mechanism is the intermediate stage
in learning a complex physical skill (basic proficiency). It is the ability
to convert learned responses into habitual actions so the movements
can be performed with a medium level of proficiency and confidence.
7
Origination is the ability to create new movement
According to (Bryant, 2013) the Einstein theory of public speaking
helps a person to critically think about how people may think of you. In the
theory it explains that even if the room is full of Einstein (which is all
geniuses) the fact that you deliver the content of your speech is only normal
to them, meaning you think the same way as them. So, in public speaking if
you are to put in a group of people that think the same way the content of the
speech is affected because the message will convey simple words that may
help to overcome the fear of worrying what other people may say so in the
process of conducting a speech you should know your audience to be
motivated what to write.
Conceptual Framework
This study focuses on the significance of self-confidence in public
speaking. The term "Self-confidence" refers to confidence in oneself and in
one's powers and abilities (Merriam-webster, 1828). According to ken
Metejka and Diane Ramos explain in their book, "you need effective,
persuasive communication skills for career advancement". According to
Bernard (2005) cited that security comes from confidence as one develops
and translates effectively with others. The judgment of other people, along
with of their peers, shape their overall self –confidence.
8
HOLY ANGEL SCHOOL Figure 1 OF CALOOCAN INC.
The significance of self-confidence in public speaking of

Grade 10 students of Holy Angel School of Caloocan Inc.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
1. What is the
level of self-
confidence in
public speaking of
Grade 10
students of Holy
Angel School of
Caloocan Inc.?
Collection of Booklet about
2. How does the data guidelines on
confidence level through how to boost
affect the questionnaires self-
communication and interview. confidence to
skills of the become an
students in public effective
speaking in terms public
of Delivering speaker
speeches?
3. What is the
proposed
appropriate
booklet about
guidelines on how
to boost self -
confidence to
become an
effective public
speaker?
9
Figure 1
Figure 1 above shows that the input includes the level of confidence of the
respondents and the effects of confidence level to communication skills of
grade 10 students of Holy Angel School of Caloocan Inc. The process will be
done through interview of the respondents and the distribution of survey
questionnaires. The output will be a booklet about guidelines on how to boost
self confidence in public speaking.
Assumptions
The Assumption of the research studies that the levels of
confidence affects the way a person speak publicly, mostly in terms of
delivering speech. The researchers may conclude that when the level of
confidence equaled to delivering speech it correlated but the aims of the
study looking for the significance is not highlighted. The study must have
positive and negative outcome so that the research will there be a
significance to the study.
10
Hypothesis
The following hypotheses were tested at .05 level of confidence.
There is a relation between public speaking and confidence level of the
students considering the respondent’s performance during an observation to
gather information.
According to (Bandura, 1977,1986) that self-efficacy theory helps to develop
once self-confidence. Boosting his/her own self-confidence being able to
motivate on reaching a goal.
According to (Bryant, 2013) the Einstein theory of public speaking
helps a person to critically think about how people may think of you. In the
theory it explains that even if the room is full of Einstein (which is all
geniuses) the fact that you deliver the content of your speech is only normal
to them, meaning you think the same way as them. So, in public speaking if
you are to put in a group of people that think the same way the content of the
speech is affected because the message will convey simple words that may
help to overcome the fear of worrying what other people may say so in the
process of conducting a speech you should know your audience to be
motivated what to write.
11
Scope and Delimitation
This study is limited to the senior high school students of Holy
Angel School of Caloocan Inc, A private school in Caloocan city. Junior high
school students specifically grade 10 students were included in this study.
The researchers are limited to observe the language use of the respondent,
the study focused on observing the self-confidence of a person mostly when
delivering a speech in front of many people. The study limits the researchers
from knowing the level of confidence in terms of public speaking and
knowing how does the independent variable affects the dependent variable.
This research assess the public speaking done inside the school premises
for the grade 10 students. This study focuses on the two types of
communication- Verbal and Non-Verbal communication. However, under the
verbal we only focuses on the oral or spoken communication. The questions
were paraphrased by the researchers to fully understand and to maintain the
significance of the study that is being conducted. The research aims to know
the relation of the level of confidence and public speaking , the measuring of
confidence observing the factors that may affect the confidence of the
respondents. The researchers are observing the respondents through
observation having the criteria of the level of confidence for the research to
be done easily. The study includes measuring the self-efficacy and self-
confidence of the respondents in doing an activity given by the teacher in a
given subject.
12
Significance of the study
The findings of this study will be useful information and be
beneficial to the people who are related to this field.
To the Students. The result of this study will serve as guidelines to the
students to boost their confidence in order for them to become effective
public speakers.
To the Teachers. The results will provide the teachers on some knowledge
with how they treat the students who have lack of self-confidence that affect
their communication skills. In addition, and understand the situation further.
Finally, they will help the students achieve their confidence.
To the Parents. Like the teachers, the parents will understand why their
children have problem with public speaking and self-confidence through the
given data. The gathered data will help them formulate some preventive
measures to help their young ones from having a problem in public speaking.
To the Future Researcher. The outcome of this study is beneficial to the
future researchers. This studies maybe one of the bases that a new theory
will arise. This study will be helpful to the future researchers and will give
them an overview for the background of their study in case of being related to
this study.
13
Definition of terms
Self-confidence – is in oneself and in one's power and ability.
Public speaking – is the process of communicating information to an
audience. It is usually done before a large audience, like in school, the
workplace and even in our personal lives.
Communication-
Speaking – is essential a collaborative and interactive process it is an
exchange.
Self- efficacy - is the belief in one’s own ability to successfully accomplish
something.
Affective domain- describes learning objectives that emphasize a feeling
tone , an emotion, or a degree of acceptance or rejection.
Psychomotor domain- (Simpson, 1972) includes physical movement,
coordination, and use of the motor-skill areas.
Glossophobia-fear of public speaking.
14
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Foreign Literature
A. Self-confidence
Roland Bénabou and Jean Tirole(2001) analyzed the values , an effect of
rational agents on self-confidence. Confidence is defined as an asset of
motivation of a certain individual especially to those who lack or with
imperfect willpower. However, overconfidence can be viewed as a risk factor
which involves self-serving. Alternatively, they developed a model for self-
deception that functions as a connector between motivated and the rational
features of a person's mind. As a result, it became a battle within the person
itself, an intrapersonal game that can cause positive effects. Therefore, they
stated that having a positive mind can improve welfare and can also be self-
defeating.
Rosaria’s researcher results showed the findings of the different
factors that support the claims of self-efficacy being able to influence a
student’s speech performances. Those factors includes the students
strategies, success experiences, and other people’s feedback. Although, the
fact that the students have high. Self-efficacy there are still times when they
are not able to overcome their nervousness when they know that they will
perform. It is observed that some students face some unexpected situations
such as,
15
Suddenly being called to perform outside the class wherein they are not sure
if the audience is cooperative and gives proper response. To sum it up, the
higher the self-efficacy they’re got the higher their expectation for themselves
to perform well. Thus, the greater possibilities for them to get higher grades
Bandura (1977) uses the term “Self - efficacy” to describe the belief
one has in being able to execute a specific task successfully. Self – confidence refers
to firmness or strength of belief but does not specify its direction. Thus, we are to
find out there level of self –efficacy to acquire the measure of their self-confidence.
16
17
B. Communication skills
Haji Iksan, Zakaria, Meran, Koh, Mahmud, Krish(2011) investigated that the
factors and sub-factors of communication skills is necessary in the working
field. There are three types of communication skills namingly, verbal
communication, written communication and social communication.
These three skills can be combined and used in learning. Moreover, not only
that it can improve a student's communication skills in discussions or
recitations but may also be able to hone their skills necessary when they are
in the real world.
Local Studies
A. Self-confidence
Elma S. Pagaduan-Apostol(2017) stated that there is no correlation between
assertiveness and self-esteem. The study shows that the students already
have assertiveness, a slightly-high self-esteem and that most of the students
got an above average grades in English. However, when they tested it, they
found out that the significant relationship is between self-esteem and
religious sect. It is observed that their grades in speech and oral
communication are not affected by their self-esteem. When they are grouped
according to ethnicity and religious sect, it influences their assertiveness,
self-esteem and their grades in speech and oral communication.
18
Therefore, there is a significant relationship between self- esteem and
religious sect.
B. Communication Skills
Karen G. Viola-Bangelisan and Edgar R. Eslit (2018) found out that students
have difficulties in listening and speaking communication.
However, the result implies that the sex, age, parent's educational
attainment, senior high school strand or track, availability of reading material
did not give any significance with their communication skills. On the other
hand the researchers concluded that the significant correlation is between
the listening and speaking skill of a person. Therefore, a good speaker must
be a good listener first.
“Levels of confidence and stress among faculty members of Eastern Visayas
State University, Cariaga Campus”
-Gerry B. de Cadiz & Hazmin E. Sonon
Foundout that a person with high level of confidence could cope with large
and stressful amount of works or task assigned to them. It is also studied that
an individual is not easily affected by the stenuous demand that a person
may encounter at work. They suggested that to gain enough confidence and
to cope with the stress, an individual should master their field of
specialization.
19
Chapter III
Methodology
Research Methodology
In this research, the researcher used Descriptive method of research.
Descriptive research includes surveys and fact-finding enquiries of different
kinds. The major purpose of descriptive research is description of the state of
affairs as it exists at present. This type of research aims at discovering the
underlying motives and desires, using in depth interviews for the purpose.
Other techniques of such research are word association tests, sentence
completion tests, story completion tests and similar other projective
techniques. The second method that the researcher used was Random
sampling. According to C.R Kathori, This type of sampling is also known as
chance sampling or probability sampling where each and every item in the
population has an equal chance of inclusion in the sample and each one of
the possible samples, in case of finite universe, has the same probability of
being selected. Qualitative research is used in obtaining culturally specific
information about the values, opinions, behaviors, and social contexts of
particular populations. This statement means that “qualitative researchers
study things in their natural settings, attempting to make sense of, or
interpret, phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them.”
(Denzin & Lincoln, 2005, p.3). The observation implies the collection of
information by way of investigator’s own observation, without interviewing the
20
respondents. The information obtained relates to what is currently happening
and is not complicated by either the past behaviour or future intentions or
attitudes of respondents. This method is no doubt an expensive method and
the information provided by this method is also very limited. As such this
method is not suitable in inquiries where large samples are concerned.(C.R
Kathori, 2004)
intentions or attitudes of respondents. This method is no doubt an expensive
method and the information provided by this method is also very limited. As
such this method is not suitable in inquiries where large samples are
concerned (C.R Kathori, 2004).
21
Hillcrest Village, Camarin Rd., Caloocan Citye
Sampling
The sampling method is how the researchers selected the
respondents from a large population to be used in the research. The
sampling is not randomly selected because the researchers are avoiding
being biased when choosing the respondents. There is a specific method
that was used by the researchers to seek respondents that are needed to be
observed in the research.
The researchers used the fishbowl technique to select the respondents
needed in the research. The fishbowl techniques is use, from a small total of
population the researchers collected the names of all grade 10 respondents
then the respondents proceed to put all the names in a bowl or anything that
can be a material use to put all the names and pick out names that will be the
respondents without looking, until the researchers get the correct number of
respondents.
22
Description of the Respondents
23
Instrument
24
Statistical Analysis
The researcher used the frequency percentage. This can be obtained
by dividing the number of the respondents who participated. The obtained
quotient is multiplied by 100 percent (100%). The result represents the
percentage.
The researcher used this formula because they wanted to determine
the percentage distribution of the respondents’ responses on the significance
of self-confidence in public speaking.
Formula:
P = f/n x 100%
Where
P = is the percentage of the respondents’ answer to a certain question
f = is the frequency distribution of the respondents’ answer to a certain
question
n = is the total number of respondents
The second statistical analysis also employed in this study was the
line chart by William Playfair. This was used to present the percentage
distribution of the respondents’ answer in interpreting the significance of self-
confidence in public speaking.
25
The study determined the sample size by using the Slovin’s formula scientific
determination of sample size.
Formula:
n = N/1 + Ne2
Where
n = stands for sample size
N = total number of population
Ne = sampling error (0.05)
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HOLY ANGEL SCHOOL OF CALOOCAN INC.

Hillcrest Village, Camarin Rd., Caloocan City

Speaking is an important process and part of daily lives of the people

to share message and feelings; it is a way to have communication and good

relationship to others. According to Cole et al., (2007) speaking is essential a

collaborative and interactive process it is an exchange. We may finish each

other’s comments, interrupt, disagree with or extend what is said. It can be

they encounter. Communication is the process by which people exchange

messages. The message can be delivered orally, such as speeches or

reports, or through written symbols such as Facebook posts or letters

(Masong et al., 2016). Nowadays, people are exercise to speak a lot

especially to the students to train their skills when it comes to speaking in

According to Dom Barnard, (2018) public speaking is the act of performing a

speech to a live audience in a structured manner, in order to inform,

entertain, and persuade them.

sometimes fear comes first, resulted to have uncomfortable feeling before

students needs to improve or overcome, public speaking is now part of a

people’s lives as it is a way to share ideas to the audience and also to

influence the audience through speech.

Confidence plays an essential role in public speaking. One needs

to be confident in front of his/her audience to create an everlasting

believe in yourself. Self-confidence is crucial in public speaking. Confidence

but when it comes to addressing a large number of people, they lose

confidence (Management study guide content team). According to Peter

are good at doing, at work or at home.

Talking with one people is generally an easier task, because it is mostly

interactive. But while talking to an wide audience, we think that we are

possess is public speaking, confidence, self – efficacy. In general, speaking is

the skill of expressing self -thought. It is a means of communication. So it is

really important to be able to speak up our mind in front of a big audience.

Self – efficacy is an important entity in elevating someone to a better

According to Bandura (1977, 1997), an individual may gain a greater sense

of self-efficacy from four informational sources, they are: 1) performance

accomplishments, 2) vicarious learning, 3) social persuasion, and 4)

emotional arousal. Performance accomplishment is based on an individual’s

past success in performing a task or behavior.

confidence is the belief in oneself and abilities or aptitude, to engage

of what we think and feel about.

Another popular article defines self- confidence as an individual’s

expectations of performance and self-evaluations of abilities and prior

performance (Lenney, 1977).Self-confidence will lead to improved

performance, and a more successful life in general.

meetings, conferences and networking events. In this article, we look at the

history of public speaking, from Greece to the 21st century, as well as

famous orators throughout history. Public speaking is the act of performing a

speech to a live audience in a structured manner, in order to inform, entertain

speaking is usually a formal, face-to-face speech to either a single person or

Some speakers can become debilitated by thoughts of what to say, how to

enough confidence in themselves, they will risk alienating the audience.

Being obviously nervous is especially problematic because when we are

Statement of the problem

focuses on the study about the significance of self-confidence in public

speaking of grade 10 students of Holy Angel School of Caloocan Inc.

1. What is the level of confidence in public speaking of grade 10 students

of Holy Angel School of Caloocan Inc.?

2. How does confidence level affect the communication skills of the

students in public speaking in terms of Delivering speeches?

3. What is the proposed appropriate booklet about guidelines on how to

boost self-confidence to become an effective Public speaker?

According to (Bandura, 1994) Self-efficacy is the belief in one’s own

ability to successfully accomplish something. It is a theory by itself, as well as

being a construct of Social Cognitive Theory. Self-Efficacy Theory tells us

tasks. They see these as challenges to be mastered, rather than threats to