C o n c e n t ra t io n ( m g A /m l)

17.1 Concentration During a Wash-In

Initial Concentration: 0 mg A/ml

Influent Concentration: 100 mg A/ml
Tank Volume: 10000 ml
Flow Rate: 100 ml/sec
120
Time Step: 5 sec Euler
Theoretic
100 al

Euler Theo. 80

Time CA CA
60
(sec) (mg/ml) (mg/ml)
0 0.0 0.0 40
5 5.0 4.9
10 9.8 9.5 20
15 14.3 13.9
20 18.5 18.1 0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
25 22.6 22.1
30 26.5 25.9 Time (seconds)
35 30.2 29.5
40 33.7 33.0
45 37.0 36.2 =C22+$C$8*($C$6/$C$5)*($C$4-C22)
50 40.1 39.3
55 43.1 42.3 =$C$4+($C$3-$C$4)*EXP(-B25/($C$5/$C$6))
60 46.0 45.1
65 48.7 47.8
70 51.2 50.3
75 53.7 52.8
80 56.0 55.1
85 58.2 57.3
90 60.3 59.3
95 62.3 61.3
100 64.2 63.2
105 65.9 65.0
110 67.6 66.7
115 69.3 68.3
120 70.8 69.9
125 72.3 71.3
130 73.6 72.7
135 75.0 74.1
140 76.2 75.3
145 77.4 76.5
150 78.5 77.7
155 79.6 78.8
160 80.6 79.8
165 81.6 80.8
170 82.5 81.7
175 83.4 82.6
180 84.2 83.5
185 85.0 84.3
190 85.8 85.0
195 86.5 85.8
200 87.1 86.5
205 87.8 87.1
210 88.4 87.8
215 89.0 88.4
220 89.5 88.9
225 90.1 89.5
230 90.6 90.0
235 91.0 90.5
240 91.5 90.9
245 91.9 91.4
250 92.3 91.8
255 92.7 92.2
260 93.1 92.6
265 93.4 92.9
270 93.7 93.3
275 94.0 93.6
280 94.3 93.9
285 94.6 94.2
290 94.9 94.5
295 95.2 94.8
300 95.4 95.0
17.2 Tank Temperature During a Wash-In

Volume: 3000 liters

Volumetric Flow Rate: 30 liters/min
Tin: 120 °F
Dt: 5 min (chosen - this is a fairly large time step for this integration)

Theo.

Temperature (°F)
Time Temp. Temp.
(min.) (°F) (°F)
120
0 45.0 45.0
5 48.8 48.7
100
10 52.3 52.1
15 55.7 55.4
80
20 58.9 58.6
25 62.0 61.6
60
30 64.9 64.4
35 67.6 67.1
40
40 70.2 69.7
45 72.7 72.2
20
50 75.1 74.5
55 77.3 76.7
0
60 79.5 78.8
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
65 81.5 80.8
Time (min.)
70 83.4 82.8
75 85.3 84.6
80 87.0 86.3
85 88.6 87.9 It looks like it should take just slightly over 130 minutes to warm the
90 90.2 89.5
95 91.7 91.0 If the tank was drained, then refilled, it would take 100 minutes to f
100 93.1 92.4 but the final temperature would be 120°F.
105 94.5 93.8
110 95.7 95.0 If 74% of the tank was drained and then refilled with 120°F water, i
115 96.9 96.3 the final temperature would be 100°F.
120 98.1 97.4
125 99.2 98.5
130 100.2 99.6
135 101.2 100.6
140 102.2 101.5
145 103.1 102.4
150 103.9 103.3
er 130 minutes to warm the tank to 100°F.

ould take 100 minutes to fill the tank with hot water,

refilled with 120°F water, it would take 74 minutes and

17.3a Steady-State Conduction (h = 5)

Dx: 0.1 meter

Position Temp. F Formulas Used…

(m) (°C) (°C/m)
0.00 100.00 -126.20
0.10 #NAME? #NAME? =rk4two(1,$C$3,B7,C7,D7)
0.20 #NAME? #NAME?
0.30 #NAME? #NAME? =rk4two(2,$C$3,B9,C9,D9)
0.40 #NAME? #NAME?
0.50 #NAME? #NAME?
0.60 #NAME? #NAME? =B12+$C$3
0.70 #NAME? #NAME?
0.80 #NAME? #NAME?
0.90 #NAME? #NAME?
1.00 #NAME? #NAME? >>>>>
Te m p e ra t u re (°C )

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

Position (m)
Listing of dD2dI( ) function used with this example…

Public Function dD2dI(Ival As Double, D1val As Double, D2val As Double) As Double

' used with equation dF/dx = (4 h)/(D k) * (T - Tamb)

'
' D1val is T
' D2val is F

Dim h As Double
Dim D As Double
Dim k As Double
Dim T As Double
Dim Tamb As Double

h=5 ' W/m2 K

D = 0.04 ' m
k = 386 ' W/m K
Tamb = 25 ' °C
T = D1val

dD2dI = (4 * h) / (D * k) * (T - Tamb)

End Function
17.3b Steady-State Conduction (h = 300)

Dx: 0.1 meter

Position Temp. F Formulas Used…

(m) (°C) (°C/m)
0.00 100.00 -661.98
0.10 33.80 -79.08 =rk4two(1,$C$3,B7,C7,D7)
0.20 25.89 -10.67
0.30 24.83 -3.72 =rk4two(2,$C$3,B9,C9,D9)
0.40 24.46 -5.06
0.50 23.95 -9.30
0.60 23.02 -17.46 =B12+$C$3
0.70 21.27 -32.86
0.80 17.99 -61.82
0.90 11.80 -116.33
1.00 0.17 -218.88 >>>>>
Te m p e ra t u re (°C )

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

Position (m)
Listing of dD2dI( ) function used with this example…

Public Function dD2dI(Ival As Double, D1val As Double, D2val As Double) As Double

' used with equation dF/dx = (4 h)/(D k) * (T - Tamb)

'
' D1val is T
' D2val is F

Dim h As Double
Dim D As Double
Dim k As Double
Dim T As Double
Dim Tamb As Double

h = 300 ' W/m2 K

D = 0.04 ' m
k = 386 ' W/m K
Tamb = 25 ' °C
T = D1val

dD2dI = (4 * h) / (D * k) * (T - Tamb)

End Function
17.4 Unsteady Diffusion

First, the paper portion of the solution…

Grid Point Equation

i=1 C1new = C1old constant concentration
C i new - C iold C i -1new - 2 C i new + C i +1new
2 £ i £ 10 = D AB
Dt ( Dx ) 2
i = 11 C11new = C11old constant concentration

Putting all unknowns on the left side…

Grid Point Equation

i=1 C1n ew = C1old

2 £ i £ 10 - F C i -1new + (1 + 2 F ) Ti new - F Ti new = Ti old

i = 11 C11new = C11old

where
D AB Dt
F=
( Dx ) 2
The coefficient matrix, in terms of F, is the same as in Case 3.

Now, the Excel part of the solution…

DAB: 6.00E-05 cm2/sec

Dt: 2000 sec chosen
L: 10 cm region length
N: 11 points chosen
Dx: 1 cm
F: 0.12

[C] 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-0.12 1.24 -0.12 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 -0.12 1.24 -0.12 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 -0.12 1.24 -0.12 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 -0.12 1.24 -0.12 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 -0.12 1.24 -0.12 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 -0.12 1.24 -0.12 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.12 1.24 -0.12
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.12 1.24
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.12
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

[Cinv] 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.097698 0.814149 0.079541 0.007771 0.000759 7.42E-05 7.25E-06 7.08E-07 6.92E-08
 0.009545 0.079541 0.82192 0.0803 0.007845 0.000766 7.49E-05 7.32E-06 7.15E-07
0.000933 0.007771 0.0803 0.821994 0.080307 0.007846 0.000767 7.49E-05 7.32E-06
9.11E-05 0.000759 0.007845 0.080307 0.821995 0.080307 0.007846 0.000767 7.49E-05
8.9E-06 7.42E-05 0.000766 0.007846 0.080307 0.821995 0.080307 0.007846 0.000766
8.7E-07 7.25E-06 7.49E-05 0.000767 0.007846 0.080307 0.821995 0.080307 0.007845
8.5E-08 7.08E-07 7.32E-06 7.49E-05 0.000767 0.007846 0.080307 0.821994 0.0803
8.3E-09 6.92E-08 7.15E-07 7.32E-06 7.49E-05 0.000766 0.007845 0.0803 0.82192
8.03E-10 6.69E-09 6.92E-08 7.08E-07 7.25E-06 7.42E-05 0.000759 0.007771 0.079541
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

time: 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000

[r] 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0.0 9.8 17.8 24.5 30.0 34.8 38.8 42.3 45.3
0.0 1.0 2.5 4.5 6.6 8.9 11.2 13.5 15.7
0.0 0.1 0.3 0.7 1.2 1.9 2.7 3.5 4.5
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
 0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
-0.12 0
1.24 -0.12
0 1

0 0
6.69E-09 8.03E-10
6.92E-08 8.3E-09
7.08E-07 8.5E-08
7.25E-06 8.7E-07
7.42E-05 8.9E-06
0.000759 9.11E-05
0.007771 0.000933
0.079541 0.009545
0.814149 0.097698
0 1

18000 20000

100.0 100.0
47.9 50.2
17.8 19.8
5.5 6.5
1.5 1.8
0.3 0.5
0.1 0.1
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0

takes about 20000 seconds,

or 5.5 hours for the concentration
at 5 cm to reach 0.5 mg A/ml