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BAL BHARATI PUBLIC SCHOOL, PITAMPURA, DELHI-11003

NOTES
CLASS 7th
TERM 1
NUTRITION IN ANIMALS

Q1. What is nutrition?

A. The process by which living beings take in food and use it to obtain energy for
growth and development is called nutrition

Q2. Why do we call animals heterotrophs?

A. Animals are called heterotrophs as they do not prepare their own food and derive
their nutrition from some other organisms.

Q3. Mention 5 steps in the process of animal nutrition.

A. 1. Ingestion 2. Digestion 3. Absorption
4. Assimilation 5. Egestion

Q4. Name three glands associated with the alimentary canal in man. Mention their
secretions.
A. 1. Salivary glands- secrete digestive juice that digests starch.
B. Liver- secretes bile juice.
C. Pancreas- secretes digestive juices that digest carbohydrates and proteins.

Q5. What is ingestion?

A. The process of taking in of food is called ingestion.

Q6. Name different types of teeth in our mouth and write their functions.
A. 1. incisors- cutting and biting
2. canines- tearing
3. pre molars- crushing and grinding
4. molars- finer grinding

Q7. Why is not advisable to not to talk while swallowing food?

A. When we talk while eating our wind pipe is open and food can enter in it leading
to choking and hiccupping.

Q8. What are the secretions in stomach and their role in nutrition process?
A. It secretes- 1. HCl- provides acidic medium and kills microorganisms.
2. mucous- protects stomach lining from the action of acid and
lubricates food.
3. Digestive juice- digests proteins.

Q9. What happens to food in small intestine?

A. 1. Small intestine receives digestive juices from pancreas, liver and its own wall.
2. Bile from liver emulsifies fats.
3. Pancreatic and intestinal juices break down carbohydrates, fats and proteins.

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4. Nutrients are absorbed.

Q10. How is digested food absorbed?

A. Absorption of food occurs through small projections in the inner lining of the part
of small intestine. These projections are called Villi.

Q11. What is large intestine and how does it function?

A. It is the extension of small intestine in the alimentary canal with a wider
diameter. It helps in reabsorption of water from the waste to be thrown out.

Q12. Explain the process of digestion in ruminants.

A. cattle animals quickly swallow their food and store it in a part of stomach called
Rumen. The food gets partially digested there called Cud. This cud returns to the mouth
for further chewing and the process is called rumination. Their food is rich in cellulose
which is digested in caecum.

Q13. What are the products of digestion of carbohydrates, fats and proteins?
A. the products of digestion of carbohydrates, fats and proteins are glucose, fatty acids
and glycerol and amino acids respectively.

Q14. Although large intestine is not involved in the process of digestion, yet it has an
important function. Justify.
A. It helps in absorption of water.

Q15. Write a note on the nutrition of amoeba.

A. Amoeba ingests food by pseudopodia and traps food in a vacuole. Food is digested
with the help of digestive juices within it. The undigested food is thrown out by the
vacuole only.

Q16. What is egestion?

A. it is the process of throwing out of undigested food.

Q17. What is the role of gall bladder in human digestive system?

A. gall bladder stores the secretion of liver temporarily.

Q18. Why are cattle animals known as ruminants?

A. They are called so as the partially digested food comes back in the miuth for further
chewing.

Q.19: What is mastication?

Ans: Mastication is a process in which chewing of food and mixing of saliva with it is
done in mouth.

Q.20: What is the role of tongue in our mouth?

Ans: The tongue has following roles in our mouth:
=> It helps in talking.

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=> It helps in mixing of saliva with the food during mastication.

=> It helps to swallow the food.
=> It gives us sensation of taste of food.

Q21: What is peristalsis?

Ans: The powerful muscles in oesophagus gently push food down to the stomach in a
wave - like action, called peristalsis.

Q.22 What are secreted inside the stomach?

Ans: Gastric juice is secreted by the walls of stomach which contains HCl and Pepsin.

Q.23 What are the functions of HCl stomach?

Ans: Functions of HCl:
=> It helps to kill the germs present in the food.
=> After mixing with the food it makes an acidic medium which is essential for the
activation of digestive juice.

Q.24 What is secreted from liver?

Ans: Bile juice is secreted from liver.

Q.25 What is digestion?

Ans: Digestion is a process which include crushing of the food into smaller particles by
chewing and then breakdown of its complex components into simpler substances with the
help of enzymes in a liquid medium which can be absorbed by our body.

Q.26: Write short notes (1 or 2 sentences) on -

(a) Pancreas (b) Liver (c) Oesophagus (d) Rumination (e) Pseudopodia
Ans:
(a) Pancreas: Pancreas is a large cream coloured gland located or present just below the
stomach. Pancreatic juice acts on carbohydrates and protein and changes them into
simpler forms.
(b) Liver: Liver is a reddish brown gland present in the upper part of our abdomen on the
right side. It is the largest gland in our body. It secretes bile juice stored in sac - like
structure called gall bladder.
(c) Oesophagus: It is along, narrow, muscular tube which directly leads to the stomach. It
is about 25 cm long and passes downwards through the neck, the thorax and the
abdominal cavity.
(d) Rumination: A process in which partially digested food returns to the mouth in small
lumps and the animal chews it. This type of process is called Remination or
Rumination and such types of animals are called Ruminants.
(e) Pseudopodia: The unicellular organism like amoeba constantly changes its shape and
position. It catches food by pushing out a finger - like projection called Pseudopodia.

Q.27: What are digestive enzymes?

Ans: There are different types of enzymes which are used for the digestion of different
food materials like - carbohydrates, fats, protein etc into their usable form.

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Q28. Draw a labeled diagram of human digestive system.

A.

Q29. Draw a labeled diagram for nutrition in amoeba

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