IVAN DINEV & CEVA

2 Ceva HAND book

Volume

of p oultr y disea ses

Salmonellosis MYCOPLASMA GALLISEPTICUM INFECTIONS

CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS MYCOPLASMA SYNOVIAE INFECTIONS
Fowl cholera INFECTIOUS CORYZA
AVIAN CLOSTRIDIOSIS FOWL POX
Coccidiosis Egg drop syndrome’ 1976
 2
Volume

First edition - ceva santé animale - 2012

Ceva HAND book
o f poultr y disea ses

Ivan Dinev, DVM, PhD

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

Trakia University

Stara Zagora, Bulgaria

 © Ivan Dinev Ivanov 2012

All rights reserved:

&

This book is protected by copyright law.

The reproduction, imitation or distribution of the book,

in whole or in part, in any format

(electronic, photocopies etc.) without the prior written consent,

of the copyright holders is strictly prohibited.

Reviewer: Zheko V. Kounev, PhD, DVM

First edition, 2012

Graphic design and printing:

, FRANCE

ISBN 979-10-92450-02-6 EAN 9791092450026

 TABLE
Ceva HAND book OF
of p oultr y dise ase s
CONTENTS

1 SalmonellosisP/5

2 CAMPYLOBACTERIOSISP/31

3 Fowl choleraP/45

4 AVIAN CLOSTRIDIOSISP/67

5 CoccidiosisP/67

6 MYCOPLASMA
GALLISEPTICUM INFECTIONS P/121

7  YCOPLASMA
M
SYNOVIAE INFECTIONSP/141

8 INFECTIOUS CORYZAP/157

9 FOWL POXP/171

10 Egg drop syndrome’ 1976P/187

 P R E F A C E

This book is the first in a projected series of similar works published

at the initiative of Ceva Santé Animale.

Following on from the publication of the first and second

editions of the books “Poultry Diseases. A Colour Atlas” and
“Histopathology and Cytology of Poultry Diseases,” the aim of
this work is to serve as a handbook, providing more specific
practical data about common poultry diseases in a more
accessible format.

Future instalments will cover topics in the fields of neoplastic

diseases, respiratory diseases, immunosuppressive agents,
poultry diseases and public health, enteric diseases and more.

Each chapter will include data about the history of the

disease, characteristics and classification of the pathogen,
epidemiology, clinical signs and pathology, diagnosis and
monitoring, prevention and vaccinology. Gross and microscopic
lesions, as well as the clinical signs will be illustrated with the help
of a rich collection of photos, gathered during our diagnostic,
research and consultation activities.

We hope that this planned series of publications will earn

recognition as easy to understand and convenient to use
handbooks in the fields of poultry pathology, suitable for
students, novice practitioners and seasoned professionals alike.

September , 2012 Ivan Dinev & CEVA

 Ceva HAND book
o f p o u lt r y d i s e a s e s

1 Salmonellosis

p/5

History and synonyms
Salmonella bacteria are named
Sal mo n el l o s is after the American bacteriologist
D. Salmon (1850–1914). In 1899
Dr. Leo F. Rettger isolated and
Definition identified an etiological agent from
a case of pullorum disease and
named it Salmonella pullorum.
Solmonelloses a re acute or This discovery turned out to be
of utmost importance for the
c h ro n i c intestinal infections
development of the poultry industry
in poultry c h a ra c t e r i z e d by (Bullis, 1977). Synonyms of Pullorum
disease are white diarrhoea,
s e p t i c a e m i c a n d d e g e n e ra t i v e and the now obsolete “bacillary
white diarrhoea” and “fatal
n e c ro b i o t i c lesions of the
septicaemia of young Chickens”.
alimentary t ra c t and the In 1929, the term Pullorum disease
was approved and became
p a re n c h y m a l o rg a n s . internationally accepted. In 1909
Dr. Rettger and Stoneburn reported
the transovarial transmission of the
infection that was, in fact, the first
report of such a route of infection
transmission. The complete cycle
of infection, along with evidence
that infected chickens could be
a permanent reservoir of infection
and may transmit it via the eggs,
was presented by Dr. Rettger and
his collaborators in 1914. The
agglutination test developed by
Dr Jones introduced the diagnostic
procedure for detection of the
causative agent (Jones, 1913).
1 S al m onellos is
Later, looking for other diagnostic
tests, a rapid serum agglutination
test (Runnells et al., 1927) and a test
using whole blood (Bunyea et al.,
1929) were proposed. The first did
not find a broad application, and
the second was based on using a
live culture as an antigen that was
capable of inducing infection. Later
on, a whole-blood test using stained
bacterial suspension (antigen) was
p/7
proposed (Schaffer et al., 1931).
According to early reports, this
disease was considered of major
significance for the poultry industry
and outbreaks with mortality rates
of over 85% were reported (Bullis,
1977). Subsequently, programmes
for eradication and maintenance
of Pullorum disease-free flocks were
implemented.
Fowl typhoid in poultry is very
closely related to Pullorum disease.
It is caused by S. Gallinarum and
is established in 1888 (Klein, 1889).
During the next years, reports
about the isolation of the bacterial
agent came from different parts
of the world. By that time, it was
also called Bacillus sanguinarum
(Moore, 1895). The name fowl
typhoid was accepted in 1902
(Curtice, C. 1902).