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First Edition

Jibachha’s
COLOUR ATLAS OF POULTRY DISEASES

DR. JIBACHHA SAH


B.V.Sc. & A.H., M.V.Sc. (T.U.)
Laboratory Training, NDDB, Gujarat, India

VETERINARY HOSPITAL RESEARCH & TRAINING CENTRE (P) LTD.


B.N.P. -5, Lankupul, Narayangarh, Chitwan, Nepal
Email: vhrtc@yahoo.com, Phone : 00977-56-570726

JIBACHHA PUBLISHING
(Veterinary Publisher & Distributors)
B.N.P.-5, Lankupul, Narayangarh, Chitwan, Nepal
Email: jibachha@yahoo.com, Phone : 00977-56-570726
Jibachha's Colour Atlas of Poultry Diseases
© Jibachha Sah, 2012, October

EDITION: FIRST

PUBLISHER: JIBACHHA PUBLISHING (Veterinary Publisher & Distributors)


B.N.P.-5, Lankupul, Narayangarh, Chitwan, Nepal
Email: Jibachha@yahoo.com, Phone: 00977-56-570726

COPY RIGHT© 2012, JIBACHHA PUBLISHING

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing
from the publisher.

ISBN: 978-9937- 8434-5- 4

Price NRs: 2850/- in Nepal and South Asian countries


Price US Dollar ($): 32/- Overseas

Coverpage Illustrate Description:


1. Ovarian follicles atresia and multifocal haemorrhage. Spleen mild splenomegaly due to Avian Influenza
2. Oedema of eye lids due to Newcastle disease.
3. Errosion of proventriculus and gizzard due to vitamin E and selenium deficiency.
4. Diffective egg shells due to Newcastle disease.
Jibachha's Colour Atlas of Poultry Diseases
Preface

This invaluable book Jibachha’s Colour Atlas of Poultry Diseases (JCAPD) has been written to make it helpful for diagnosis
of poultry diseases as well as for their treatments and prevention. In Nepal, the absence of standardized clinical disease
diagnostic pattern, laboratory support and treatment guidelines at all levels of veterinary practices has resulted in irrational
use of drugs. It has become a common practice that veterinary drug importers import drugs on the basis of lowest price
quotations and consequently the practitioners use drugs that are available locally rather than prescribing effective drugs.
Others particularly midlevel animal health professionals prescribe a combination of drugs that probably have antagonistic
action and they do not even consider withdrawal period of drugs in food animals, a precaution that should be taken to protect
the public from residues of drugs. This book is accompanying description of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis,
clinical pathology and treatment with control of most prevalent poultry diseases.

Emphasis has been given on gross pathological lesions and includes recent information on clinical cases in each chapter
which will be very useful for diagnosis and treatment of poultry in field condition. Veterinary science in Nepal is touching new
heights in terms of quality education, innovative research and increased commercial poultry production but professional
veterinary practitioners are quite insufficient. This book is also written in such a manner which will serve that professional
need. No clinically applied book on poultry of this size can be completed without the help of many individuals.

The key source of inspiration and moral support comes from my wife, Mrs. Shila Devi Sah and sons Mr. Sujeet Kumar Sah
(Studying in Australia) and Mr. Prabhakar Kumar Sah (B.V.Sc. & A.H student). I am indebted to them for their unconditional
love, encouraging support and endless prayers which allowed me to complete this book successfully. The selected references
after each chapter include both reviews and publications in research bulletin, which will be useful for the documents. Several
steps have been taken to make this text more readable. It is hoped that this JCAPD could be updated whenever scientific
knowledge proves a change. Comments on the general guidelines by veterinary professionals, researchers, veterinary
students and others will be highly appreciated to improve its quality.

-Dr. Jibachha Sah

Jibachha's Colour Atlas of Poultry Diseases


Jibachha's Colour Atlas of Poultry Diseases
CONTENTS
SECTION I : DISEASES CAUSED BY VIRUS 1-47
Chapter 1 : Newcastle disease(ND) 1-7
Chapter 2 : Infectious bursal disease (IBD) 7-11
Chapter 3 : Infectious bronchitis (IB) 11-15
Chapter 4 : Marek’s disease (MD) 15-20
Chapter 5 : Egg drop syndrome 76 (EDS '76') 20-22
Chapter 6 : Hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) 22-24
Chapter 7 : Avian influenza (AI) 25-31
Chapter 8 : Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) 31-34
Chapter 9 : Avian encephalomyelitis (AE) 34-35
Chapter 10 : Chicken anaemia (CA) 35-37
Chapter 11 : Fowl pox (FP) 37-38
Chapter 12 : Lymphoid leukosis complex (LLC) 39-42
Chapter 13 : Infectious Tenosynovitis 42-44
Chapter 14 : Swollen Head Syndrome(SHS) 44-45
Chapter 15 : Turkey Rhinotracheitis 45-46
Chapter 16 : Reticuloendotheliosis 46-47

SECTION II : DISEASES CAUSED BY BACTERIA 48-70


Chapter 17 : Fowl typhoid 48-50
Chapter 18 : Fowl cholera 50-53
Chapter 19 : Staphylococcosis 53-54
Chapter 20 : Infectious coryza 55-56
Chapter 21 : Pullorum disease 57-59
Chapter 22 : Necrotic enteritis 59-61
Chapter 23 : Botulism 61-62
Chapter 24 : Gangrenous cellulitis 62-63
Chapter 25 : Streptococcosis 64-65
Chapter 26 : Avian tuberculosis 65
Chapter 27 : Erysipelothrix infection 65-66
Chapter 28 : Colisepticaemia 67-70

SECTION III : DISEASES CAUSED BY MYCOPLASMA 71-75


Chapter 29 : Chronic respiratory disease (CRD) 71-74
Chapter 30 : Infectious synovitis 74-75
Chapter 31 : Mycoplasma meleagridis 75

SECTION IV : DISEASES CAUSED BY PROTOZOA 76-80


Chapter 32 : Coccidiosis 76-80

SECTION V : DISEASES CAUSED BY FUNGUS 81-85


Chapter 33 : Aspergillosis 81-82
Chapter 34 : Candidiasis 83
Chapter 35 : Favus (White comb) 83-84
Chapter 36 : Aflatoxicosis 84-85

SECTION VI : METABOLIC DISEASES 86-89


Chapter 37 : Avian Urolithiasis 86-88
Chapter 38 : Ascites 88-89

Jibachha's Colour Atlas of Poultry Diseases


SECTION VII : NUTRITIONAL DISEASES 90-98
Chapter 39 : Calcium and Phosphorus Imbalances 90
Chapter 40 : Manganese deficiency 90
Chapter 41 : Iodine deficiency 90
Chapter 42 : Copper deficiency 90
Chapter 43 : Iron deficiency 90
Chapter 44 : Potassium, Sodium and Chloride deficiency 91
Chapter 45 : Selenium deficiency 91
Chapter 46 : Zinc deficiency 91
Chapter 47 : Magnesium deficiency 91
Chapter 48 : Vitamin A deficiency 91-92
Chapter 49 : Vitamin D3 deficiency 92
Chapter 50 : Vitamin E deficiency 93-94
Chapter 51 : Vitamin K deficiency 94
Chapter 52 : Vitamin C deficiency 94
Chapter 53 : Vitamin B12 deficiency 94-95
Chapter 54 : Choline deficiency 95
Chapter 55 : Niacin (Nicotinic) deficiency 95
Chapter 56 : Pantothenic acid deficiency 95-96
Chapter 57 : Riboflavin deficiency 96
Chapter 58 : Folic acid deficiency 96
Chapter 59 : Biotin deficiency 96-97
Chapter 60 : Pyrodoxin (Vitamin B6) deficiency 97
Chapter 61 : Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency 97
Chapter 62 : Carbohydrate deficiency 98
Chapter 63 : Protein deficiency 98
Chapter 64 : Fat deficiency 98

SECTION VIII : DISEASES CAUSED BY ENDOPARASITES 99-100


Chapter 65 : Ascariasis 99
Chapter 66 : Tape worm 100
Chapter 67 : Y-worm 100

SECTION IX : ECTOPARASITIC INFECTION 101


Chapter 68 : Ectoparasites of poultry 101

SECTION X : DIAGNOSIS OF POULTRY DISEASE AND NECROPSY 102-106

SECTION XI : INTERNAL BODY ORGANS OF POULTRY 107

SECTION XII : POSTMORTEM EXAMINATION OF POULTRY DISEASE 108-120

REFERENCES 121-125

ALPHABETICAL INDEX 126-127

Jibachha's Colour Atlas of Poultry Diseases


ABBREVIATION USED IN BOOK
ACT Activated clotting time
AID Anaemia of inflammatory disease
aPTT Activated Partial thromboplastin time
CBC Complete blood count
EDTA Ethylene-di-amine-tetraacetic acid
ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
MCH Mean corpuscular haemoglobin
MCHC Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration
MCV Mean cell volume
PCV Packed cell volume
WBC White blood cell
CRD Chronic respiratory disease
IBV Infectious bronchitis (virus)
ND Newcastle disease
AI Avian influenza
CAV Chicken anaemia (virus)
EDS Egg drop syndrome
IBH Inclusion body hepatitis
ILT Infectious laryngotracheitis
IBD Infectious bursal disease
FP Fowl pox
LL Lymphoid leukosis
MD Marek's disease
MG Mycoplasma gallisepticum
MS Mycoplasma synoviae
SHS Swollen head syndrome
TRT Turkey rhinotracheitis
HPI Hours post infection
aMPV Avian meta pneumo virus
IC Infectious coryza
CP Clostridium perfringens
BoNT/A Botulinum neuro toxin serotype A

Jibachha's Colour Atlas of Poultry Diseases


Jibachha's Colour Atlas of Poultry Diseases

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