Dactyloscopy = Practical science of fingerprint Identification

and classification.

Dactylography = fingerprint identification.

Dactylomancy = personality interpretation.

Poroscopy = study of sweat pores.

Podoscopy = study of prints of the Soles.

Chiroscopy = Study of the prints of the Palm.

Edgeoscopy = study of the sides of the finger.

Ridgeoscopy = study of ridges.

Macrodactyl = enlarged finger

Microdactyl = small finger

Syndactyl = side fussion

Polydactyl = many finger

Ectodactyl = missing finger

Anthropometry = measurement of bone structure.

= first scientific method.

Forensic Odontology = Dental identification

Forensic Anthropology = skeletal identification

Forensic Enthomology = study of insects

DNA fingerprinting = indispensable science.

Layers of Friction skin

Epidermis = outer layer ( Temporary Damage)

Stratum Corneum = Outer of epidermis

Stratum Mucosum = Inner of epidermis

Dermis = Inner Layer (Permanent Damage)

Cut = more than 1mm

Burns = 2nd Degree burn.

3rd degree burns = requires amputation and the most painful

degree of burns.

Dermal Papillae = irregular pegs responsible for ridge

formation.

Friction /Epidermal/Papillary Skin

Ridges = lines, hill-like, elevated portion

Furrows = space, canal-like, depressed portion

Sweat Pores = tiny opening, white dots.

Sweat Duct = passage way

Sweat Glands = producer of sweat.

Fingerprint = the production of an impression on some smooth

surfaces, designed by the ridge on the inside of the joint of the

finger or thumb.

Ridge Characteristics

Basic: Ridge Dot, Ending Ridge, Bifurcation, Short Ridge.

Ridge Dot= Island Ridge, period or Dot.

Ending Ridge = end point/ abrupt ending.

Bifurcation = splits, divides, branches into two.

Enclosure/ Lake Ridge = meets to form the original ridge.

(bifurcating ridge that converge at certain point)

Divergence = spreading or two separate ridges.

Convergence = meeting of two separate ridges.

Recurve = curves back

Typelines = basic boundaries of fingerprint pattern.

Pattern Area = area surrounded by the typelines.

Appendage = short ridge found on TOP of the recurve.

Bar = (short or long ridge ) found INSIDE the recurve.

Obstruction ridge = (Short HORIZONTAL ridge) found inside the

innermost recurving ridge that spoiled the inner flow towards

the center of the pattern.

Uptrust = Horinzontal ridge that makes a sufficient raise at

the center.

Incipient ridge = so thin or very fine ridge which is not included

as a ridge count.

Focal Points / Fingerprint terminus

Delta= outer terminus, found in front of TYPELINES.

(requires Wide Space)

Two or more which conforms = the one nearest the core (YES)

Core = Inner Terminus , Found inside the recurve.

(approximate center of a fingerprint patterns usually found in

L & W)

Ridge counting = from DELTA to CORE.

Ridge count = ridge between delta to core.

Ridge Tracing = From two (2) Focal Points, (Left Delta to Right

Delta). (YES)
Intervening ridge = between tracing ridge and right delta.

3 Groups (Loop, Arch and Whorl)

***In fingerprint probe, there are three (3) groups of pattern

they are Arch , Whorl & Loops.

Plain Arch (A) = enter from one side and flow to the other

side).

Tented Arch (T) = uptrust, angle & Incomplete loop).

Radial Loop (LH \, RH /) towards the thumb.

Ulnar Loop (LH /, RH \) towards the little finger.

Plain whorl (W) touch the circuiting ridge.

Central P.L.W. (c) Does not touch the Circuiting ridge.

Double loop Whorl (D) It has two Loop formations. (YES)

Accidental Whorl (X) combination except with plain Arch.

Rolled Impression = taken Individually (THUMB – towards the

body) (All Except Thumb = Away from the body). ( Ten

Fingerprints of whom? -Suspect)

Plain Impression = taken simultaneously. (serves as guide or

reference)

Smudge = made by sliding motion.

Fragmentary = Partial Prints.

Chance Prints = left unconsciously or accidentally.

Latent Prints = left or usually found at the scene of the Crime.

VISIBLE = made from blood, dust and dirt etc.

INVISIBLE = made from sweat/perspiration

Latent Print

Focal Points of fingerprint search – Point of entrance & exit,

safes appliance, doors, windows, panels, desk table near the

entrance. (all of these)

If fingerprints pattern are not identical, there is no basis for –

Comparison.

Instrument

Fingerprint Roller = used TO SPREAD THE INK.

Ink Slab = Metal, Glass or Plastic plate where ink is spread.

Fingerprint Card = used for recording Fingerprint.

Latent Print Transfer Card = used to preserve latent print.

Card Holder = used to clip or hold the F.P. Card .

Strip Card Holder = used to clip strip card

Classification Formula

Checking

Blocking = writing the letter symbols.

Classification Formula

1. Primary Div. = numerical scoring assigned to WHORL.

1/1 =pre-established fraction used to complete the primary

Division.

Arch /Loop = non-numerical patterns

2. Secondary = Letter Symbols

CAPITAL letters = INDEX FINGER

Small Letters = T, M, R, L (rat)

3. Sub-Secondary = INDEX, MIDDLE, RING

Whorl= Ridge Tr

-Sana makatulong save nyo basahin nyo ng paulit ulit.

Dagdag kaalaman para sa magttake ng CRIMINOLOGY

LICENSURE EXAM

1.Coined in the word "Criminology" - Rafaelle de Garofalo.

2. Father of Classical criminology- Cesare Beccaria.

3. Father of Criminaliastics- Hans Gross

4. Father of Behavioral genetics- Francis Galton.

5. Father of traditional/Old Criminology - Cesare Beccaria

Father of Modern Criminology- Cesare Lombroso

6. Father of Questioned Doc. Examination- Albert Osborne

7. Father of Forensic/ ModernBallistics - Col. Calvin Henry

Goddard

8. Father of Probation- John Augustus

9. Father of Organized Military Espionage- Frederick the great.

10. Mother of All Criminals- Ada juke/ Margaret.

11. First probation officer in the whole world- Edward Savage

12. Coined in the word "Photography" - William Herschel

13. Father of Police Professionalization- August Vollmer

14. Father of Police Organization- Henry Vayol.

15. Father of Utilitarianism- Jeremy Bentham

16. Father of Philippine Probation- Teodulo Natividad.

17. Father of English Probation- Matthew Daven Porthill.

18. Father of Parole/Modern Penology- Alexander Macanochie

19. First prison chaplain- Rev. Jarred Curtis

20. First Probation Officer- Edward Savage

21. Father of Modern Policing- Sir Robert Peel.

22. Father of traditional polygraphy- John A. larson.

23. Father of Modern Law Enforcement- August Vollmer.

24. Father of Psycho analysis- Sigmund freud

25. Father of forensic Investigation- Dr. Edmon Locard

26. Father of Podoscopy- Dr. Edmon Locard

27. Father of Personal Identi- Alphonse Bertillion

28. Father of fingerprint- Sir Richard Henry

29. F. of Criminalistics in Austria- Dr. Hans Gross

30. F. of Crims in America- Dr. Paul Kirk

31. F. of American Prison- Zebulon Reed Brockway.

32. F.of Victimology- Benjamin Mendelson Von Henteg

32. "Criminology" - Edwin Sutherland "Criminologie" -Italian

word by Paul Topinard" "Criminologia"-Latin word by Rafaelle

de Garofalo 33. Benjamin Robins - F of Modern Gannery/F. of

Ballistics pendiulum

. 34. Father of eugenics- Galton First lethal injection- Leo

echagaray./RAPE

35.John Augustus-Father of Probation

36.Edward Savage-First Probation officer in the world

37.Teodulo C. Natividad-Father of Philippine Probation

38.Mathew Davenfort Hill-Father of English Probation

39.Zebulon R. Brockway-He was the first superintendent of

Elmira Reformatory

40.Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise-Director of English prisons who

opened the Borstal institution

41.John Howard-known as the Father of Penitentiary

42.Sir Walter Crofton-He was the director of the irish prison

43.Alexander Macanochie-Father of modern Penology and

Father of Parole

Republic Acts - are laws made by congress,the latter

referring to house of representatives and senate of the

phils.duly signed by the president

Presidential Decrees- are laws made and approved by then

former president marcos; here are some of them;

P.D. 1414 - created the law on indigenous person,or the

katutubo

P.D. 1619 - solvent and volatile

P.D. 968 - PROBATION LAW

P.D. 603 - THE CHILD AND YOUTH WELFARE ACT

CODE..EFFECTIVEJUNE 8 1975

P.D. 1069 - PHIL EXTERNAL/EXTRADITION LAW

P.D. 532 - ANTI PIRACY AND ANTI HIGHWAY LAW OF 1974

P.D. 533 - ANTI-CATTLE RUSTLING LAW OF 1974

P.D. 1602 - ILLEGAL GAMBLING

P.D. 1866 - AS AMENDED BY R.A. 8294,ILLEGAL POSSESSION

OF FIREARM AND EXPLOSIVES

P.D. 1612 -ANTI FENCING LAW

P.D. 684 - CREATED SK

P.D. 1184 - CREATED THE PPSC

P.D.229 -DECLARING BGY CHAIRMAN AS PERSON IN

AUTHORITY

P.D. 557 - DECLARING ALL BARRIOS AS BARANGAY

P.D. 1508 - CREATION OF BARANGAY COURT

P.D.1829 - PENALIZING OBSTRUCTION OF APPREHENSION

AND PROSECUTION OF CRIMINAL OFFENDER

P.D. 46 - ACT PUNISHING THE RECEIVING AND GIVING OF

GIFTS OF PUBLIC OFFICIAL AND EMPLOYEES

P.D 1689 - INCREASED THE PENALTY FOR CERTAIN FORMS OF

ESTAFA

P.D.2018 - MAKES THE ILLEGAL RECRUITMENT A CRIME OF

ECONOMIC SABOTAGE PUNISHABLE BY LIFE IMPRISONMENT

P.D 133 - PRESCRIBED HEAVY PENALTY FOR EMPLOYEES

THEFT AND LABORERS

P.D.1185 - FIRE CODE OF THE PHILS

P.D.1731 - PROVIDES FOR REWARDS AND INCENTIVES TO

GOVT WITNESS AND INFORMANTS

P.D 1732 - PROVIDES IMMUNITY FOR GOVT WITNESSES

P.D., 1869 - PROHIBITION OF GOVT OFFICIALS TO ENTER IN

GAMBLING HOUSE AND CASINOS

R.A 7160 - LOCAL GOVT CODE OF 1991

R.A. 4103 - INDETERMINATE SENTENCE LAW

R.A. 4200 - ANTI-WIRE TAPPING LAW

R.A. 1524 - PROVIDES FOR THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE

CONDITIONS FOR PARDON

R.A. 7610 - SPECIAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AGAINST

CHILD ABUSED EXPLOITATION AND DISCRIMINATION ACT AS

AMENDED

R.A. 9344 - JUVENILE JUSTICE AND WELFARE SYSTEM MY 4

2006

R.A. 9231 - CHILD LABORING ACT

R.A. 6809 - LOWERING THE AGE OF MINORITY FROM 21 TO 18

YEARS OF AGE,TOTALLY EMANCIPATED

R.A 7659 - DEATH PENALTY

R.A. 8177 - ACT DESIGNATING DEATH BY LETHAL INJECTION

LAW

R.A. 3019 - AS AMENDED BY ANTI-GRAFT AND CORRUPTION

PRACTICES

R.A. 6713 - CODE OF CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS

FOR PUBLIC OFFICIAL AND EMPLOYEES

R.A. 7080 - ANTI-PLUNDER ACT

R.A. 7877 - ANTI-SEXUAL HARASSMENT ACT Oresponder

-Pandagdag sa mga nirereview niyo po.

First female detective in history.

Ans: Kate Warne

First recorded history of due process of law.

Ans:Holy bible

The pale yellow fluid of the blood.

Ans:Plasma

The drug "Angel Dust" is:

Ans:Phencyclidine (PCP)

Expelling a squatter from his illegal tenement.

Ans:Eviction

The police Act of 1996

Ans:R.A 4864

Formerly (no longer obseved today) the children of

prostitute were called:

Ans:Manceres

First Philippine Probation Law

Ans:Act 4221

The belief that we could eliminate all crimes by simply

abolishing all criminal laws is known as:

Ans:Logomacy

Senator Lito Lapid was the principal sponsor of R.A

9999.This is the:

Ans:Free Legal Assistance Act

"In Vino Veritas in Aqua Sanitas" means:

Ans:In Wine there is truth, In water there is health.

National Crime Prevention Week is commemorated every;

Ans:1st Week of September (1-7 of September)

Guilty act

Ans:Actus reus

A guardian appointed by the court to represent the interest

of a minor.

Ans:Guardian ad litem

The "Electoral Reform Law of 1987"

Ans:R.A 6646

The largest organ of the human body is.

Ans:Skin

The hardest substance of the human body.

Ans:The enamel of the teeth

The largest internal organ is.

Ans:Liver

How many teeth does an adult have.

Ans:32

Moonlighting,

Ans:Sideline

The first recorded account of due process is found in the.

Ans:Bible

A document issued by a public official.

Ans:Public Document
Quantum of proof required in civil case.

Ans:Preponderancenof evidence

The adjudication by the court that the accused is guilty or

not guilty.

Ans:Judgement

A document regulated by the code of commerce.

Ans:Commercial document

A document executed by a private person without

intervention from a notary public.

Ans:Private document

Also excuted by a public official in the exercise of the

function of public service.

Ans:Official document

It is any written statement by which a right is established or

an obligation is extinguished.

Ans:Document

This law prohibits the receiving and giving of gifts of public

officials and employees including Christmas.

Ans:P.D 46

Quantum of proof required in administrative case.

Ans:Substantial evidence

It is a logboom containing all crime incidents and other

significant reports.

Ans:Police blotter
Police blotter shall contain.

Ans:5W's and 1H

Refers to the maltreatment of a child whether habitual or

not.

Ans:Child Abuse

Refers to a child accused or adjudged as having committed

an offense.

Ans:Child in conflict with the law

The place from which most physical evidence associated

with the crime will be obtained.

Ans:Crime scene

Refers to the policeman who first arrive the crime scene to

provide initial police actions.

Ans:First responderlaw

PD. 532 - Anti piracy and anti highway robbery law

PD. 533 - anti cuttle rustling law

RA. 6235 - An act probihiting certain acts inimical to civil

aviation

RA.6539 - anti carnapping law

PD. 1612 - Anti fencing law

PD. 1613 - Anti arson law ( simple arson)

RA. 7832 - Anti electricity and electric transmission lines

RA. 8484 - Access devices regulation act of 1998

RA. 9160 - Anti money laundering act of (2001)

RA. 9372 - human security act of (2007)

RA. 9745 - Anti torture act(2009)

RA. 9775 - Anti child pornography (2009)

RA. 9208 -Anti trafficking in person (2003)

RA.8049 - an account regulating hazing and other forms of

initiation rites in fraternities sororities and other organization

RA. 7610- Special protection of children against child abuse

RA.9262- anti violence against women and their children act

RA.9165- comprehensive dangerous drug act of July 4 2002

RA.9346 - An act probihiting the imposition of death penalty

and amending or such purpose RA. 7659

RA. 3019- Anti graft and corruption act

RA. 1379- forfeiture of questionable or otherwise III-gotten

wealth

RA.7080- Anti plunder act

RA. 10193- Anti distracted driving act

RA. 4200- Anti wire tapping law

PD. 1829- law on obstruction of justice

BP. 22- bouncing check law

RA.10591- comprehensive fire arm law

RA.10175- anti cyber crime law

RA.9344- Juvenile justice welfare act of 2006

Cap

LEA
Brig Gen Rafael Crame ---- the first Filipino chief of the

Philippine Constabulary in 1917.

Col. Lamberto Javalera --- the first chief of police of the

Manila Police Department after the Philippine Independence

from the united states of america in 1946.

Col. Antonio Torres --- the first Filipino chief of police of the

Manila Police Department in 1935. and he declared Manila as

an open city (DEC.8,1941)

Gen. Arthur McArthur (father of Douglas MacArthur) - first

District Director of Metropolitan Police Force .

P/Dir Gen. Cesar Nazareno ---- the first chief of the Philippine

National Police .

Captain George Curry -- first chief of Police in Manila

Delilah - who was able to gain info. by using her Beauty and

Charm.

Sun Tzu - Art of war

Sir Arthur Wellesly - Greatest military Spymaster at All time.

Frederick the Great - father of organized military espionage.

Karl Schulmeister - "Napoleon's Eye"

Joseph Petrosino - pioneer in the fight against organized crime.

Herbert Yardley - the american black chamber.

Akbar - 'the great Mogul'

Alfred Redl - a Homosexual double spy who while working as

intilligence direct proof Austria and Hungary,spied the Russian.

National in scope --- means that the PNP is a nationwide

government org. Whose jurisdiction covers the entire breadth of

the Philippine archipelago .

Civilian in character --- means membership in the PNP is by

virtue of one's qualification as set by the law.

1:500 --- Nationwide average

1:1000 --- minimum police-to- population ratio

POLICE greek word "POLIS" means "city-state"

- another Greek word POLITEIA means "government of the city"

POLITIA (roman) means "condition of the state or government "

POLICE (French) means "Person who enforced the law" and it

was later adopted by the English language.

Officer de la paix --- French term which claimed to be origin of

the term Police officer.

Commanding officer -- officer who is in command of the

department ,a bureau ,a division ,an area ,or district.

Superior officer --- one having supervisory responsibilities

,either temporarily or permanently over officers of lower rank

Sworn officers -- all personnel of the police department who

have oath and who possess the power to arrest.

Ranking officer -- officer who has the more senior rank in team.

Length of service -- period of time that has elapsed since the

oath of office was administered .

Sick leave -- period which an officer is escused from active

duty by reason of illness or injury

Suspension -- a consequence of an act which temporarily

deprives an officer from the privilege of performing his duties

as result of violating directives.

Span of control -- maximum number of subordinates that a

superior can effectively supervise

Delegation of authority --- conferring of certain specified

authority by a superior to subordinate

Chain of command -- the arrangent of officers from Top to

Bottom on the basis of rank or position and authority .

Unity of command -- should onle be ONE MAN commanding the

unit to ensure uniformity in the execution of orders.

Scalar Principle -- defines an unbroken chain of units from top

to bottom describing explicitly the Flow of Authrity

Promotion -- upward movement from one classification or rank

to another carrying higher benefits and more responsibility .

Regular Promotion -- promotion granted to police officers

meeting the mandatory requirements for promotion .

Compulsory -- upon reaching the age FIFTY SIX (56) .the age if

retirement .

Optional -- upon completion of TWENTY (20) YEARS of active

service

Inductive reasoning --- moves from specific to more general.

Deductive -- it moves from general to the specific .

SOP 1 - POLICE BEAT PATROL PROCEDURES

SOP 2 - BANTAY KALYE

SOP 3 - SIYASAT

SOP 4 - REACT 166

SOP 5 - LIGTAS (ANTI-KIDNAPPING)

SOP 6 - ANTI CARNAPPING

SOP 7 - ANTI TERRORISM

SOP 8 - JOINT ANTI BANK ROBBERY

SOP 9 - ANTI HIGHJACKING/HIGHWAY ROBBERY

SOP 12 - ANTI ILLEGAL GAMBLING

SOP 16 - ANTI PORNOHRAPHY

SOP 19 - ANTI ILLEGAL LOGGING

SOP 20 - ANTI ILLEGAL FISHING

SOP 21 - ANTI ILLEGAL DRUGS

10-0 - caution

10-1 - unable to copy/change loc

10-4 - Acknowledgment

10-12 - stand by

10-50 - accident

10-52 - ambulance needed

10-74 - negative

20 feet or more - outside

50 feet or more - Inside

Mercury Vapor Lamps - blue green color

Sodium Vapor Lamp - yellow light

Quarts lamp - very bright white light

For PSAs -- minimum of 200 and maximum of 1000

For CSFs -- minimum of 30 and maximum of 1000

100-199 guards - P 50,000.00

200-499 guards - P 100,000.00

500-799 guards - P 150,000.00

800-1000 guards - P 200,000.00

Patrol - (French) "Patrouiller" means to go through paddles;to

travel on foot.

PNP RANK Classification and its counterpart in the MILITARY

-Director general--- General

-Deputy Director Gen--- Lt.Gen

-Director --Major General

-ChiefSuperintendent -- Brigadier General

-SeniorSuperintendent -- Colonel

-Superintendent -- Lt. Colonel

-Chief Inspector-- Major

-Senior inspector -- Cap

Greek-politeia

Roman-politia

French-police

Nullum crimen nulla poena sine lege” – meaning there is no

crime when there is no law punishing such act.

“Actus me invitus factus non est meus actus” -- “An act done by

me against my will is not my act”

While ignorance of the law excuses no one (ignorantia lege

neminem excusat),

a mistake of fact excuses the actor from liability (ignoranti

facti excusat).

“Non facit reum nisi mens sit rea” (an act does not make the

doer guilty, unless the mind is guilty.)

“Dura Lex Sed Lex” (The law is harsh but it is the law.)

“El que es causa dela causa es causa del mal causado” (He

who is the cause of the cause is the cause of the evil cause.)

“Mens rea” ( Evil intent)

Bill of attainder = a legislative act that inflicts punishment

without trial. Its essence being the substitution of legislative

fiat for a judicial determination of guilt.

-TERMS & DEFINITION

PARRICIDE-Pag ptay s tatay o nanay ng 1 anak, o Pag ptay ng

lolo sa knyang apo,o Pag ptayan ng mg asawa ( dapat ay

kasal )

HOMICIDE- di sadyang pagptay ng 1 tao

MURDER- pag pty n pinagplanuhan, sa likuran sinaksak o

binaril, niresbakan, patraydor, karumal dumal, at wlang laban

ang biktima.
INFANTICIDE- pag patay s sanggol n less than 3 days old.

Kpg lgpas n 3 araw abg bata ang kso ng pumty n my edad n ay

murder dhil s puntong yon ay walang laban ang bata s kanya

ABORTION-makasalanang pag papalaglag s cnapu2nan ng

bata.

PHYSICAL INJURIES-pananakit sa 1 tao na magdudulot ng

pasa o pagkabali ng katawan o paltos.

UNJUST VEXATION-pang aasar,pangu2tya o pang iinis s 1 tao

s harap ng marami o ibang tao.

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF- paninira ng gamit ng iba

VANDALISM-ipinagbabawal n pagsusulat o pagbaboy o

pagdudumi ng 1 pader o khit anong bwal sulatan.

VAGRANCY-bagansya, ipingbabawal n pag gala tuwing

gabi

ALARM &SCANDAL-pag wawala, pag ssigaw, pang gugulo s

thimik n lugar.

( mdalas to s mga lasing n ngwwla twing gabi o ngsi2ga-

cgaan ).

BATAS-YONARYO

FORGERY-pamemeke ng,ID, card, files o ng kahit anong

dokumento.

PERJURY-nanumpa n mgssbi ng katotohanan s harap ng judge

tpos babawiin .

GRAVE THREAT- matinding pananakot s 1 tao s pmmgitan ng

pgba2nta s buhay.

USURPATION OF AUTHORITHY – pag –panggap n sya ay

pulis,nbi, khit hindi.

ILLEGAL USE OF INSIGNIA/UNIFORM-

Pagsusuot ng uniporme ng pulis,tsapa o rango

ABDUCTION-pagtanan s 1 babae,

SEDUCTION- pang aakit n malaswa s 1 babae.

ACT OF LASCIVIOUSNESS -pang hihipo o bastos n gawain ng

lalake s harap ng babae.

LIBEL-pnnrang puri o ng dangal ng 1 tao s pmmraan ng pnaskil

s bilbord,s dyaryo,tv, magazine, radio,

SLANDER- pnnrang puri o ng dangal ng 1 tao s pmmraan ng

( minura s harap ng ibang tao, sinabihan ng pokpok yang babae

n yan,kabet o kirida,

SLANDER BY DEED- nasira ang dangal ng 1 tao s harap ng iba

dahil cnmpal sya,sinabunutan, o dinuraan.

BIGAMY-nakasal n kinasal p ulit s iba.( kpg ptay n o di n

mkita dhil nwwla ung asawa, dpat ay lumipas muna ang 7 taon

bgo mgpaksal muli s iba)

CONCUBINAGE-ang lalake ayksal ngunit may kabit at

dinadala s bahay ng pmilya,

ADULTERY- ang babaeng kasal n ay nakikipagsama p s ibang

lalake o nkikirelasyon.

ARBITRARY DETENTION-Pulis, baranggay o opisyal s oras ng

trabaho ngkulong ng tao o may sala s loob ng 1 araw s

kulungan n wala namang isinasampa o issmpang kaso.

ILLEGAL DETENTION-kahit cnong tao n magkukulong s 1 pang

tao ng 1 araw o mahigit

( kht s c.r., loob ng kwarto, cabinet,o kulungan man ng aso )

KIDNAPPING-pag kuha, pagdukot o pagtago s bata o tao ng

mahigit 1 araw n may hinihinging kapalit.

ROBBERY-pag kuha sa 1 bagay o gamit, pag mamay ari ng iba

n gnmitan ng dahas,paninira, o pananakot

( Mga uri ng halimbawa )

Robbry snatching- Hinablot

Robbery Hold-up-Hinoldap

Robbery with d use of force-Para mpsok ang bhy cnira ang

pinto o bintana.

THEFT- pagkuha s 1 bagay o pag mamay ari ng palihim, salisi ,

padukot, o ndampot khit alam kung cno my ari ngunit d cinoli.

( Mga uri ng halimbawa )

Shoplift-,salisi, budol-budol

TRESPASS TO DWELLING – pag pasok s bahay ng iba ng di

alam o walng phintulot ng may-ari.

( trespassing lang nksnayn n slita d2 )

MUTILATION-pag putol s parte ng katawan ng buhay n tao hal.

Tenga, dila, o ari

ESTAFA- may kasunduan o may kontrata s ngunit d tinapos

byaran o tinaksan

SWINDLING-planadong panloloko s pmamaraan ng pera,hal.

Ahente o negosyante pagkatapos byaran o makuha ang pera o

bayad ay tatakasn, may bnenta ngunit palpak

( hal.

Budol-budol at illegal recruit )

TREASON-pag ttksil s sariling bayan s oras ng pkikidigma o

pakkpag away s ibang bansa

ESPIONAGE- paniniktik ng di kilalang tao o dayuhan s loob ng

sskyang pndigma ng pilipinas

MUTINY- pag aklas o pag aaklas-(Hal. Sundalo di sumunod s

superior officer para mag aklas..( MAGDALO SOLDIERS )

EXPULSION- public officer o emlpeyado pinlayas ang 1 tao s

tinitirhan di naman sya authorized person

Whats the law exclude do not include

A. INTRO. TO CRIMINOLOGY

CRIMINAL – is a person who had committed or omitted an act

in violation of the law and was been convicted through final

judgment by the court having the jurisdiction of the case.

CRIME – is an act committed or omitted in violation of a law

forbidding or commanding it.

FELONY – is an act committed in violation of the revised penal

code

Intentional Felony - those committed with malice

Culpable Felony – those committed because of negligence, lack

of foresight and imprudence

OFFENSE – is an act committed in violation of special laws.

MISDEMEANOR – is an act committed in violation of simple

rules and regulations and is usually committed by minors.

SEASONAL CRIMES- are those that are committed only at a

certain period of the year.

Situational Crimes - are those which are committed only when

given a situation conducive to its commission.

Ordinary Criminal- considered as the lowest form of criminal in

a criminal career. He doesn’t stick to crime as a profession but

rather pushed to commit crimes due to great opportunity.

Professional Criminal – a person who is engaged in criminal

activities with high degree of skill. He usually practices crime

as a profession to maintain a living.

Adolphe Quetelet (1796-1874)

- He discovered, basing on the research that “crimes against

persons increased during summer and crimes against property

tends to increase during winter.

Stages in the Commission of Crime

1. ATTEMPTED - commences the commission of a felony but

failed to perform all the acts of execution for various reasons.

2. FRUSTRATED - all the acts of execution were performed but

failed to produce the felony by reasons or causes independent

of the will of the perpetrator.

3. CONSUMATED - when all the elements necessary for its

execution and accomplishment are all present to produce a

felony.

B. CORRECTION

Code of King Hammurabi (Hammurabic Code) – Babylon, about

1990 BC, credited as the oldest code prescribing savage

punishment, but in fact, Sumerian codes were nearly one

hundred years older.

Punishment:

- It is the redress that the state takes against an offending

member of society that usually involves pain and suffering.

- It is also the penalty imposed of an offender for a crime or

wrongdoing.

Banishment or Exile – the sending or putting away of an

offender which was carried out either by prohibition against

coming into a specified territory such as an island to where the

offender has been removed.

Parole - a conditional release of a prisoners after serving part

of his/her sentence in prison for the purpose of gradually re-

introducing him/her to free life under the guidance and

supervision of a parole officer.

Probation – a disposition whereby a defendant after conviction

of an offense, the penalty of which does not exceed six years

imprisonment, is released subject to the conditions imposed by

the releasing court and under the supervision of a probation

officer.

Duration of Penalties

1. Death Penalty – Capital punishment

2. Reclusion Perpetua – life imprisonment, a term of 20-40 yrs

imprisonment

3. Reclusion Temporal – 12 yrs and 1 day to 20 years

imprisonment

4. Prision Mayor – 6 yrs and 1 day to 12 years

5. Prision Correctional – 6 months and 1 day to 6 years

6. Arresto Mayor – 1 month and 1 day to 6 months

7. Arresto Menor – 1 day to 30 days

8. Bond to Keep the Peace – discretionary on the part of the

court.

PRISON Defined:

- A penitentiary, an institution for the imprisonment

(incarceration) of persons convicted of major/ serious crimes.

- A building, usually with cells, or other places established for

the purpose of taking safe custody or confinement of criminals.

- A place of confinement for those charged with or convicted of

offenses against the laws of the land.

The Two Rival Prison System in the History of Correction

A. The Auburn Prison System – the prison system called the

“Congregate System”.

- The prisoners are confined in their own cells during the night

and congregate work in shops during the day. Complete silence

was enforced.

B. The Pennsylvania Prison System – the prisons system called

“Solitary System”.

- Prisoners are confined in single cells day and night where they

lived, they slept, and they ate and receive religious

instructions. Complete Silence was also enforced. They are

required to read the Bible.

PRISONER

- A prisoner is a person who is under the custody of lawful

authority. A person, who by reason of his criminal sentence or

by a decision issued by a court, may be deprived of his liberty

or freedom.

- A prisoner is any person detained/confined in jail or prison

for the commission of a criminal offense or convicted and

serving in a penal institution.

- A person committed to jail or prison by a competent authority

for any of the following reasons: To serve a sentence after

conviction – Trial – Investigation –

General Classification of Prisoners

1. Detention Prisoners – those detained for investigation,

preliminary hearing, or awaitingDactyloscopy = Practical

science of fingerprint Identification and classification.

Dactylography = fingerprint identification.

Dactylomancy = personality interpretation.

Poroscopy = study of sweat pores.

Podoscopy = study of prints of the Soles.

Chiroscopy = Study of the prints of the Palm.

Edgeoscopy = study of the sides of the finger.

Ridgeoscopy = study of ridges.

Macrodactyl = enlarged finger

Microdactyl = small finger

Syndactyl = side fussion

Polydactyl = many finger

Ectodactyl = missing finger

Anthropometry = measurement of bone structure.

= first scientific method.

Forensic Odontology = Dental identification

Forensic Anthropology = skeletal identification

Forensic Enthomology = study of insects

DNA fingerprinting = indispensable science.

Layers of Friction skin

Epidermis = outer layer ( Temporary Damage)

Stratum Corneum = Outer of epidermis

Stratum Mucosum = Inner of epidermis

Dermis = Inner Layer (Permanent Damage)

Cut = more than 1mm

Burns = 2nd Degree burn.

3rd degree burns = requires amputation and the most painful

degree of burns.

Dermal Papillae = irregular pegs responsible for ridge

formation.

Friction /Epidermal/Papillary Skin

Ridges = lines, hill-like, elevated portion

Furrows = space, canal-like, depressed portion

Sweat Pores = tiny opening, white dots.

Sweat Duct = passage way

Sweat Glands = producer of sweat.

Fingerprint = the production of an impression on some smooth

surfaces, designed by the ridge on the inside of the joint of the

finger or thumb.

Ridge Characteristics

Basic: Ridge Dot, Ending Ridge, Bifurcation, Short Ridge.

Ridge Dot= Island Ridge, period or Dot.

Ending Ridge = end point/ abrupt ending.

Bifurcation = splits, divides, branches into two.

Enclosure/ Lake Ridge = meets to form the original ridge.

(bifurcating ridge that converge at certain point)

Divergence = spreading or two separate ridges.

Convergence = meeting of two separate ridges.

Recurve = curves back

Typelines = basic boundaries of fingerprint pattern.

Pattern Area = area surrounded by the typelines.

Appendage = short ridge found on TOP of the recurve.

Bar = (short or long ridge ) found INSIDE the recurve.

Obstruction ridge = (Short HORIZONTAL ridge) found inside the

innermost recurving ridge that spoiled the inner flow towards

the center of the pattern.

Uptrust = Horinzontal ridge that makes a sufficient raise at

the center.

Incipient ridge = so thin or very fine ridge which is not included

as a ridge count.

Focal Points / Fingerprint terminus

Delta= outer terminus, found in front of TYPELINES.

(requires Wide Space)

Two or more which conforms = the one nearest the core (YES)

Core = Inner Terminus , Found inside the recurve.

(approximate center of a fingerprint patterns usually found in

L & W)

Ridge counting = from DELTA to CORE.

Ridge count = ridge between delta to core.

Ridge Tracing = From two (2) Focal Points, (Left Delta to Right

Delta). (YES)

Intervening ridge = between tracing ridge and right delta.

3 Groups (Loop, Arch and Whorl)

***In fingerprint probe, there are three (3) groups of pattern

they are Arch , Whorl & Loops.

Plain Arch (A) = enter from one side and flow to the other

side).

Tented Arch (T) = uptrust, angle & Incomplete loop).

Radial Loop (LH \, RH /) towards the thumb.

Ulnar Loop (LH /, RH \) towards the little finger.

Plain whorl (W) touch the circuiting ridge.

Central P.L.W. (c) Does not touch the Circuiting ridge.

Double loop Whorl (D) It has two Loop formations. (YES)

Accidental Whorl (X) combination except with plain Arch.

Rolled Impression = taken Individually (THUMB – towards the

body) (All Except Thumb = Away from the body). ( Ten

Fingerprints of whom? -Suspect)

Plain Impression = taken simultaneously. (serves as guide or

reference)

Smudge = made by sliding motion.

Fragmentary = Partial Prints.

Chance Prints = left unconsciously or accidentally.

Latent Prints = left or usually found at the scene of the Crime.

VISIBLE = made from blood, dust and dirt etc.

INVISIBLE = made from sweat/perspiration

Latent Print
Focal Points of fingerprint search – Point of entrance & exit,

safes appliance, doors, windows, panels, desk table near the

entrance. (all of these)

If fingerprints pattern are not identical, there is no basis for –

Comparison.

Instrument

Fingerprint Roller = used TO SPREAD THE INK.

Ink Slab = Metal, Glass or Plastic plate where ink is spread.

Fingerprint Card = used for recording Fingerprint.

Latent Print Transfer Card = used to preserve latent print.

Card Holder = used to clip or hold the F.P. Card .

Strip Card Holder = used to clip strip card

Classification Formula

Checking

Blocking = writing the letter symbols.

Classification Formula

1. Primary Div. = numerical scoring assigned to WHORL.

1/1 =pre-established fraction used to complete the primary

Division.

Arch /Loop = non-numerical patterns

2. Secondary = Letter Symbols

CAPITAL letters = INDEX FINGER

Small Letters = T, M, R, L (rat)

3. Sub-Secondary = INDEX, MIDDLE, RING

Whorl= Ridge Tr

-Sana makatulong save nyo basahin nyo ng paulit ulit.

Dagdag kaalaman para sa magttake ng CRIMINOLOGY

LICENSURE EXAM

1.Coined in the word "Criminology" - Rafaelle de Garofalo.

2. Father of Classical criminology- Cesare Beccaria.

3. Father of Criminaliastics- Hans Gross

4. Father of Behavioral genetics- Francis Galton.

5. Father of traditional/Old Criminology - Cesare Beccaria

Father of Modern Criminology- Cesare Lombroso

6. Father of Questioned Doc. Examination- Albert Osborne

7. Father of Forensic/ ModernBallistics - Col. Calvin Henry

Goddard

8. Father of Probation- John Augustus

9. Father of Organized Military Espionage- Frederick the great.

10. Mother of All Criminals- Ada juke/ Margaret.

11. First probation officer in the whole world- Edward Savage

12. Coined in the word "Photography" - William Herschel

13. Father of Police Professionalization- August Vollmer

14. Father of Police Organization- Henry Vayol.

15. Father of Utilitarianism- Jeremy Bentham

16. Father of Philippine Probation- Teodulo Natividad.

17. Father of English Probation- Matthew Daven Porthill.

18. Father of Parole/Modern Penology- Alexander Macanochie

19. First prison chaplain- Rev. Jarred Curtis

20. First Probation Officer- Edward Savage

21. Father of Modern Policing- Sir Robert Peel.

22. Father of traditional polygraphy- John A. larson.

23. Father of Modern Law Enforcement- August Vollmer.

24. Father of Psycho analysis- Sigmund freud

25. Father of forensic Investigation- Dr. Edmon Locard

26. Father of Podoscopy- Dr. Edmon Locard

27. Father of Personal Identi- Alphonse Bertillion

28. Father of fingerprint- Sir Richard Henry

29. F. of Criminalistics in Austria- Dr. Hans Gross

30. F. of Crims in America- Dr. Paul Kirk

31. F. of American Prison- Zebulon Reed Brockway.

32. F.of Victimology- Benjamin Mendelson Von Henteg

32. "Criminology" - Edwin Sutherland "Criminologie" -Italian

word by Paul Topinard" "Criminologia"-Latin word by Rafaelle

de Garofalo 33. Benjamin Robins - F of Modern Gannery/F. of

Ballistics pendiulum

. 34. Father of eugenics- Galton First lethal injection- Leo

echagaray./RAPE

35.John Augustus-Father of Probation

36.Edward Savage-First Probation officer in the world

37.Teodulo C. Natividad-Father of Philippine Probation

38.Mathew Davenfort Hill-Father of English Probation

39.Zebulon R. Brockway-He was the first superintendent of

Elmira Reformatory

40.Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise-Director of English prisons who

opened the Borstal institution

41.John Howard-known as the Father of Penitentiary

42.Sir Walter Crofton-He was the director of the irish prison

43.Alexander Macanochie-Father of modern Penology and

Father of Parole

Republic Acts - are laws made by congress,the latter

referring to house of representatives and senate of the

phils.duly signed by the president

Presidential Decrees- are laws made and approved by then

former president marcos; here are some of them;

P.D. 1414 - created the law on indigenous person,or the

katutubo

P.D. 1619 - solvent and volatile

P.D. 968 - PROBATION LAW

P.D. 603 - THE CHILD AND YOUTH WELFARE ACT

CODE..EFFECTIVEJUNE 8 1975

P.D. 1069 - PHIL EXTERNAL/EXTRADITION LAW

P.D. 532 - ANTI PIRACY AND ANTI HIGHWAY LAW OF 1974

P.D. 533 - ANTI-CATTLE RUSTLING LAW OF 1974

P.D. 1602 - ILLEGAL GAMBLING

P.D. 1866 - AS AMENDED BY R.A. 8294,ILLEGAL POSSESSION

OF FIREARM AND EXPLOSIVES

P.D. 1612 -ANTI FENCING LAW

P.D. 684 - CREATED SK

P.D. 1184 - CREATED THE PPSC

P.D.229 -DECLARING BGY CHAIRMAN AS PERSON IN

AUTHORITY

P.D. 557 - DECLARING ALL BARRIOS AS BARANGAY

P.D. 1508 - CREATION OF BARANGAY COURT

P.D.1829 - PENALIZING OBSTRUCTION OF APPREHENSION

AND PROSECUTION OF CRIMINAL OFFENDER

P.D. 46 - ACT PUNISHING THE RECEIVING AND GIVING OF

GIFTS OF PUBLIC OFFICIAL AND EMPLOYEES

P.D 1689 - INCREASED THE PENALTY FOR CERTAIN FORMS OF

ESTAFA

P.D.2018 - MAKES THE ILLEGAL RECRUITMENT A CRIME OF

ECONOMIC SABOTAGE PUNISHABLE BY LIFE IMPRISONMENT

P.D 133 - PRESCRIBED HEAVY PENALTY FOR EMPLOYEES

THEFT AND LABORERS

P.D.1185 - FIRE CODE OF THE PHILS

P.D.1731 - PROVIDES FOR REWARDS AND INCENTIVES TO

GOVT WITNESS AND INFORMANTS

P.D 1732 - PROVIDES IMMUNITY FOR GOVT WITNESSES

P.D., 1869 - PROHIBITION OF GOVT OFFICIALS TO ENTER IN

GAMBLING HOUSE AND CASINOS

R.A 7160 - LOCAL GOVT CODE OF 1991

R.A. 4103 - INDETERMINATE SENTENCE LAW

R.A. 4200 - ANTI-WIRE TAPPING LAW

R.A. 1524 - PROVIDES FOR THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE

CONDITIONS FOR PARDON

R.A. 7610 - SPECIAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AGAINST

CHILD ABUSED EXPLOITATION AND DISCRIMINATION ACT AS

AMENDED

R.A. 9344 - JUVENILE JUSTICE AND WELFARE SYSTEM MY 4

2006

R.A. 9231 - CHILD LABORING ACT

R.A. 6809 - LOWERING THE AGE OF MINORITY FROM 21 TO 18

YEARS OF AGE,TOTALLY EMANCIPATED

R.A 7659 - DEATH PENALTY

R.A. 8177 - ACT DESIGNATING DEATH BY LETHAL INJECTION

LAW

R.A. 3019 - AS AMENDED BY ANTI-GRAFT AND CORRUPTION

PRACTICES

R.A. 6713 - CODE OF CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS

FOR PUBLIC OFFICIAL AND EMPLOYEES

R.A. 7080 - ANTI-PLUNDER ACT

R.A. 7877 - ANTI-SEXUAL HARASSMENT ACT Oresponder

-Pandagdag sa mga nirereview niyo po.

First female detective in history.

Ans: Kate Warne

First recorded history of due process of law.

Ans:Holy bible

The pale yellow fluid of the blood.

Ans:Plasma

The drug "Angel Dust" is:

Ans:Phencyclidine (PCP)

Expelling a squatter from his illegal tenement.

Ans:Eviction

The police Act of 1996

Ans:R.A 4864

Formerly (no longer obseved today) the children of

prostitute were called:

Ans:Manceres

First Philippine Probation Law

Ans:Act 4221

The belief that we could eliminate all crimes by simply

abolishing all criminal laws is known as:

Ans:Logomacy

Senator Lito Lapid was the principal sponsor of R.A

9999.This is the:

Ans:Free Legal Assistance Act

"In Vino Veritas in Aqua Sanitas" means:

Ans:In Wine there is truth, In water there is health.

National Crime Prevention Week is commemorated every;

Ans:1st Week of September (1-7 of September)

Guilty act

Ans:Actus reus

A guardian appointed by the court to represent the interest

of a minor.

Ans:Guardian ad litem

The "Electoral Reform Law of 1987"

Ans:R.A 6646

The largest organ of the human body is.

Ans:Skin

The hardest substance of the human body.

Ans:The enamel of the teeth

The largest internal organ is.

Ans:Liver

How many teeth does an adult have.

Ans:32

Moonlighting,

Ans:Sideline

The first recorded account of due process is found in the.

Ans:Bible

A document issued by a public official.

Ans:Public Document

Quantum of proof required in civil case.

Ans:Preponderancenof evidence

The adjudication by the court that the accused is guilty or

not guilty.

Ans:Judgement

A document regulated by the code of commerce.

Ans:Commercial document

A document executed by a private person without

intervention from a notary public.

Ans:Private document

Also excuted by a public official in the exercise of the

function of public service.

Ans:Official document

It is any written statement by which a right is established or

an obligation is extinguished.

Ans:Document

This law prohibits the receiving and giving of gifts of public

officials and employees including Christmas.

Ans:P.D 46

Quantum of proof required in administrative case.

Ans:Substantial evidence

It is a logboom containing all crime incidents and other

significant reports.

Ans:Police blotter

Police blotter shall contain.

Ans:5W's and 1H

Refers to the maltreatment of a child whether habitual or

not.

Ans:Child Abuse

Refers to a child accused or adjudged as having committed

an offense.

Ans:Child in conflict with the law

The place from which most physical evidence associated

with the crime will be obtained.

Ans:Crime scene

Refers to the policeman who first arrive the crime scene to

provide initial police actions.

Ans:First responderlaw

PD. 532 - Anti piracy and anti highway robbery law

PD. 533 - anti cuttle rustling law

RA. 6235 - An act probihiting certain acts inimical to civil

aviation

RA.6539 - anti carnapping law

PD. 1612 - Anti fencing law

PD. 1613 - Anti arson law ( simple arson)

RA. 7832 - Anti electricity and electric transmission lines

RA. 8484 - Access devices regulation act of 1998

RA. 9160 - Anti money laundering act of (2001)

RA. 9372 - human security act of (2007)

RA. 9745 - Anti torture act(2009)

RA. 9775 - Anti child pornography (2009)

RA. 9208 -Anti trafficking in person (2003)

RA.8049 - an account regulating hazing and other forms of

initiation rites in fraternities sororities and other organization

RA. 7610- Special protection of children against child abuse

RA.9262- anti violence against women and their children act

RA.9165- comprehensive dangerous drug act of July 4 2002

RA.9346 - An act probihiting the imposition of death penalty

and amending or such purpose RA. 7659

RA. 3019- Anti graft and corruption act

RA. 1379- forfeiture of questionable or otherwise III-gotten

wealth

RA.7080- Anti plunder act

RA. 10193- Anti distracted driving act

RA. 4200- Anti wire tapping law

PD. 1829- law on obstruction of justice

BP. 22- bouncing check law

RA.10591- comprehensive fire arm law

RA.10175- anti cyber crime law

RA.9344- Juvenile justice welfare act of 2006

Cap

LEA

Brig Gen Rafael Crame ---- the first Filipino chief of the
Philippine Constabulary in 1917.

Col. Lamberto Javalera --- the first chief of police of the

Manila Police Department after the Philippine Independence

from the united states of america in 1946.

Col. Antonio Torres --- the first Filipino chief of police of the

Manila Police Department in 1935. and he declared Manila as

an open city (DEC.8,1941)

Gen. Arthur McArthur (father of Douglas MacArthur) - first

District Director of Metropolitan Police Force .

P/Dir Gen. Cesar Nazareno ---- the first chief of the Philippine

National Police .

Captain George Curry -- first chief of Police in Manila

Delilah - who was able to gain info. by using her Beauty and

Charm.

Sun Tzu - Art of war

Sir Arthur Wellesly - Greatest military Spymaster at All time.

Frederick the Great - father of organized military espionage.

Karl Schulmeister - "Napoleon's Eye"

Joseph Petrosino - pioneer in the fight against organized crime.

Herbert Yardley - the american black chamber.

Akbar - 'the great Mogul'

Alfred Redl - a Homosexual double spy who while working as

intilligence direct proof Austria and Hungary,spied the Russian.

National in scope --- means that the PNP is a nationwide

government org. Whose jurisdiction covers the entire breadth of

the Philippine archipelago .

Civilian in character --- means membership in the PNP is by

virtue of one's qualification as set by the law.

1:500 --- Nationwide average

1:1000 --- minimum police-to- population ratio

POLICE greek word "POLIS" means "city-state"

- another Greek word POLITEIA means "government of the city"

POLITIA (roman) means "condition of the state or government "

POLICE (French) means "Person who enforced the law" and it

was later adopted by the English language.

Officer de la paix --- French term which claimed to be origin of

the term Police officer.

Commanding officer -- officer who is in command of the

department ,a bureau ,a division ,an area ,or district.

Superior officer --- one having supervisory responsibilities

,either temporarily or permanently over officers of lower rank

Sworn officers -- all personnel of the police department who

have oath and who possess the power to arrest.

Ranking officer -- officer who has the more senior rank in team.

Length of service -- period of time that has elapsed since the

oath of office was administered .

Sick leave -- period which an officer is escused from active

duty by reason of illness or injury

Suspension -- a consequence of an act which temporarily

deprives an officer from the privilege of performing his duties

as result of violating directives.

Span of control -- maximum number of subordinates that a

superior can effectively supervise

Delegation of authority --- conferring of certain specified

authority by a superior to subordinate

Chain of command -- the arrangent of officers from Top to

Bottom on the basis of rank or position and authority .

Unity of command -- should onle be ONE MAN commanding the

unit to ensure uniformity in the execution of orders.

Scalar Principle -- defines an unbroken chain of units from top

to bottom describing explicitly the Flow of Authrity

Promotion -- upward movement from one classification or rank

to another carrying higher benefits and more responsibility .

Regular Promotion -- promotion granted to police officers

meeting the mandatory requirements for promotion .

Compulsory -- upon reaching the age FIFTY SIX (56) .the age if

retirement .

Optional -- upon completion of TWENTY (20) YEARS of active

service

Inductive reasoning --- moves from specific to more general.

Deductive -- it moves from general to the specific .

SOP 1 - POLICE BEAT PATROL PROCEDURES

SOP 2 - BANTAY KALYE

SOP 3 - SIYASAT

SOP 4 - REACT 166

SOP 5 - LIGTAS (ANTI-KIDNAPPING)

SOP 6 - ANTI CARNAPPING

SOP 7 - ANTI TERRORISM

SOP 8 - JOINT ANTI BANK ROBBERY

SOP 9 - ANTI HIGHJACKING/HIGHWAY ROBBERY

SOP 12 - ANTI ILLEGAL GAMBLING

SOP 16 - ANTI PORNOHRAPHY

SOP 19 - ANTI ILLEGAL LOGGING

SOP 20 - ANTI ILLEGAL FISHING

SOP 21 - ANTI ILLEGAL DRUGS

10-0 - caution

10-1 - unable to copy/change loc

10-4 - Acknowledgment

10-12 - stand by

10-50 - accident

10-52 - ambulance needed

10-74 - negative

20 feet or more - outside

50 feet or more - Inside

Mercury Vapor Lamps - blue green color

Sodium Vapor Lamp - yellow light

Quarts lamp - very bright white light

For PSAs -- minimum of 200 and maximum of 1000

For CSFs -- minimum of 30 and maximum of 1000

100-199 guards - P 50,000.00

200-499 guards - P 100,000.00

500-799 guards - P 150,000.00

800-1000 guards - P 200,000.00

Patrol - (French) "Patrouiller" means to go through paddles;to

travel on foot.

PNP RANK Classification and its counterpart in the MILITARY

-Director general--- General

-Deputy Director Gen--- Lt.Gen

-Director --Major General

-ChiefSuperintendent -- Brigadier General

-SeniorSuperintendent -- Colonel

-Superintendent -- Lt. Colonel

-Chief Inspector-- Major

-Senior inspector -- Cap

Greek-politeia

Roman-politia

French-police

Nullum crimen nulla poena sine lege” – meaning there is no

crime when there is no law punishing such act.

“Actus me invitus factus non est meus actus” -- “An act done by

me against my will is not my act”

While ignorance of the law excuses no one (ignorantia lege

neminem excusat),

a mistake of fact excuses the actor from liability (ignoranti

facti excusat).

“Non facit reum nisi mens sit rea” (an act does not make the

doer guilty, unless the mind is guilty.)

“Dura Lex Sed Lex” (The law is harsh but it is the law.)

“El que es causa dela causa es causa del mal causado” (He

who is the cause of the cause is the cause of the evil cause.)

“Mens rea” ( Evil intent)

Bill of attainder = a legislative act that inflicts punishment

without trial. Its essence being the substitution of legislative

fiat for a judicial determination of guilt.

-TERMS & DEFINITION

PARRICIDE-Pag ptay s tatay o nanay ng 1 anak, o Pag ptay ng

lolo sa knyang apo,o Pag ptayan ng mg asawa ( dapat ay

kasal )

HOMICIDE- di sadyang pagptay ng 1 tao

MURDER- pag pty n pinagplanuhan, sa likuran sinaksak o

binaril, niresbakan, patraydor, karumal dumal, at wlang laban

ang biktima.

INFANTICIDE- pag patay s sanggol n less than 3 days old.

Kpg lgpas n 3 araw abg bata ang kso ng pumty n my edad n ay

murder dhil s puntong yon ay walang laban ang bata s kanya

ABORTION-makasalanang pag papalaglag s cnapu2nan ng

bata.

PHYSICAL INJURIES-pananakit sa 1 tao na magdudulot ng

pasa o pagkabali ng katawan o paltos.

UNJUST VEXATION-pang aasar,pangu2tya o pang iinis s 1 tao

s harap ng marami o ibang tao.

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF- paninira ng gamit ng iba

VANDALISM-ipinagbabawal n pagsusulat o pagbaboy o

pagdudumi ng 1 pader o khit anong bwal sulatan.

VAGRANCY-bagansya, ipingbabawal n pag gala tuwing

gabi

ALARM &SCANDAL-pag wawala, pag ssigaw, pang gugulo s

thimik n lugar.

( mdalas to s mga las