Machine Design Solving 70 Items

1. What is the polar section modulus of a solid shaft with a diameter of 101.6 mm?
Answer: 205.9 cm3
 3 
Solution: Zj 
J 2J
  D  10.163  205.9 cm 3
c D 16 16

2. With the water interruptions prevailing in your town, you have been asked to design an upright cylindrical water tank 6
meters in diameter and 6 meters high, vented, and to be filled completely with water. Determine the minimum
thickness of the tank plate if the stress is limited to 40 Mpa.
Answer: Thickness, t = 4.4 mm

Solution: p  gh  10009.80666  58 839.6 Pa  58.8396 kPa

pD 58.83966
t   0.00441 m  4.41 mm
2s t 2 40 000

6
3. A steel shaft 1.75 inches in diameter transmits 40 Hp at 1800 rpm. Assuming a modulus of rigidity of 12 x 10 psi, find
the torsional deflection of the shaft in degrees per foot length.
Answer: 0.0073

 63 000 Hp   6300040 
32  32 
 T 32T  n   1800 
     0.00013 radian  0.0073
Solution:
L JG D 4 G  D4 G 
 1.754 12 x 10 6 
4. A helical-coil spring has a mean coil diameter of 1 inch and a wire diameter of 1/8 inch. Determine the curve
correction factor of the spring.
Answer: Curve Correction Factor, Kc = 1.1144
4C  1 0.615

 4C  4
Kw C  1.184  1.1144
Solution: K c 
Ks 2C  1 1.0625
2C

5. A vise is equipped with a 1-inch single square thread, with 4 threads per inch. The frictional radius of the collar is 0.5
inch. The coefficient of friction for both the collar and threads is 0.20. How much external torque must be applied to
produce a force of 200 lb against the jaws of the vise?
Answer: 37.93 in-lb

RECOMMENDED LOOKS FAM

6. What is the largest roller chain size that can be used for power transmission at a sprocket speed of 1000 rpm?
Answer: d) RC 60
7. A helical-coil spring has a mean coil diameter of 1 inch and a wire diameter of 1/8 inch. Determine the Wahl factor of
the spring.
Answer: Wahl Factor, Kw = 1.184

Dm 1 4C  1 0.615 48  1 0.615

Solution: C   8 Kw      1.184
d 1 4C  4 C 48  8 8
8

8. A helical-coil spring has a mean coil diameter of 1 inch and a wire diameter of 1/8 inch. Determine the value of
Bergstrassar factor of the spring.
Answer: Bergstrassar Factor, KB = 1.1724

Dm 1 4C  2 48  2
Solution: C   8 KB    1.1724
d 1 4C  3 48  3
8

o
9. Compute the tooth thickness of a 14.5 spur gear with diametral pitch of 5.
Answer: Tooth thickness, t = 0.31416 inch
1.5708 1.5708
Solution: t    0.31416 inch
pd 5

10. Compute the speed of the gear mounted on a 52.5 mm diameter shaft receiving power from a driving motor with 250
Hp.
Answer: The speed, N = 2265 rpm
80 P 80 250
Solution: From PSME Code: N  3
 3
 2 264.92 rpm
D  52.5 
 
 25.4 

11. Compute the working strength of 1 inch bolt which is screwed up tightly in packed joint when the allowable working
stress is 13000 psi.
Answer The working strength, W = 3 900 lb

Solution: From machinery’s Handbook, page 1149:    

W  s t 0.55d 2  0.25d  13 000 0.5512  0.251  3 900 lb

12. Compute the nominal shear stress at the surface, in MPa, for a 50 mm diameter shaft that is subjected to a torque of
0.48 kN-m.
Answer: Shear Stress, ss = 19.56 MPa

16 T 16 0.48
ss    19 556.96 kPa  19.56 MPa
 0.050
Solution:
D 3 3

13. A hollow iron pipe to be designed as a column has an outside diameter of 240 mm and is subjected to a force of 80
KN. Find the pipe thickness if the compressive stress is limited to 16 MPa.
Answer: Pipe thickness, t = 6.85 mm
 4 80
Solution: Inside Diameter, D i  D o2 
4F
 0.242   0.2263m  226.3 mm
s  16 000

D o  D i 240  226.3
Thickness of the Pipe, t    6.85 mm
2 2

14. A uniform beam 12 meters long is fixed at one end. It has a uniform weight of 50 kg/m along its length. A load of 20
kgs. is suspended on the beam 4 m from the free end. The moment at the fixed end is
Answer: 3760 kg-m
W = 50 (12) = 600 kg
F = 20 kgs
Solution: Bending Moment,

M  6 600  8 20  3 760 kg  m 6m

8m

o
15. A 20 straight-tooth bevel pinion having 14 teeth and a diametral pitch of 6 teeth/inch drives a 42-tooth gear. The two
shafts are at right angles and in the same plane. Find the pitch angle of the pinion.
Answer: Pitch angle of the pinion = 18.4
 Tp 
Solution:   tan 
1   tan 1  14   18.4 o
 Tg   42 
 

o
16. A 20 straight-tooth bevel pinion having 14 teeth and a diametral pitch of 6 teeth/inch drives a 32-tooth gear. The two
shafts are at right angles and in the same plane. The pinion is to transmit 1800 rpm and transmitting 50 hp.
Determine the pitch diameters of the gears.
Answer: 2.33 inches and 5.36 inches

T   32 
Solution: D1 
T1 14
  2.33 inches D2  D1  2    2.33    5.36 inches
Pd 6  T1   14 

17. A 1-inch diameter shaft has a single disc weighing 75 lb mounted midway between two bearings 20” apart. Find the
6
lowest critical speed in rpm. Neglect the weight of the shaft. Assume that the modulus of elasticity is 30 x 10 psi.
Answer: 2038 rpm
Solution: D = 1 inch E = 30 x 10 psi
6
L = 20 inches W = 75 lb

Moment of Inertia, I   D     0.0491 in.4

4
4
 1 10” 10”
64 64

576 E I g  576  30 x 106   0.0491 32.2

Solving for the lowest critical speed, cr    213.39 rad / s
W L3  75 20
3

30 cr 30  213.39 
Ncr    2037.68 rpm
 
18. A flywheel weighing 457 kg has a radius of 375 mm. How much energy, in N-m, does the flywheel loss from 3 rps to
2.8 rps?
Answer: Flywheel Energy =1474
Solution: V1  2  0.3753  7.069 m / s V2  2  0.3752.8  6.597 m / s

KE 

m V12  V22

457 7.0692  6.5972 
 1 473.91 N  m
2 2

19. A triple threaded worm has a pitch diameter of 3 inches. The wheel has 25 teeth and a pitch diameter of 5 inches.
Material for both the wheel and the wheel is phosphor bronze. Determine the helix angle of the gear.
Answer: Gear Helix angle = 11.31o

Dg   5
Solution: Circular pitch of the worm gear, Pc    0.6283 inch
Tg 25
Where, Pc = Pa = pitch of the worm
Solving for the lead, L = Nt Pa = 3(0.6283) = 1.8849 inches

1  L  1  1.8849 
Solving for the lead angle of the worm,   tan    tan    11.31
o


 w
D  3 
For the helix angle, and considering that the shafts angle is 90 , g =  = 11.31
o o

20. A single square thread power screw is to raise a load of 70 kN. The screw has a major diameter of 36 mm and a pitch
of 6 mm. The coefficient of thread friction and collar friction are 0.13 and 0.10 respectively. If the collar mean diameter
is 90 mm and the screw turns at 60 rpm, find the axial linear speed of the screw.
Answer: 6 mm/s
Solution: For the linear speed of the screw, V n = n (L) = (60 rpm)(6 mm/rev) = 360 mm/min = 6 mm/s

21. A double thread ACME screw driven by a motor at 400 rpm raises the attached load of 900 kg at a speed of 10 m/min.
The screw has a pitch diameter of 36 mm; the coefficient of friction on threads is 0.15. The friction torque on the thrust
bearing of the motor is taken as 20 % of the total input. Determine the lead angle.
Answer: 12.465 deg
V 10
Solution: For the lead, L    0.025 m  25 mm
n 400

1  L   25 
For the lead angle,   tan    tan 1    12.465
o

 m
D  36  

22. What Hp can a 1-inch diameter short shaft transmit at 380 rpm?
Answer: 10 Hp

D3 N 1 380
3
Solution: P    10 Hp
38 38

23. A spur pinion rotates at 600 rpm and transmits 25 kW to a mating gear. The pitch diameter of the pinion is 100 mm,
o
and the pressure angle is 20 . Determine the tangential load, in N.
Answer: 7960 N

 2  30 P   2   30 25000
Solution: Ft          7 957.75 N
 D   n   0.10    600 

24. A multiple-disk clutch, composed of three plates with a small diameter of 150 mm and large diameter of 200 mm, is
designed to transmit 100 kW at 3000 rpm at a coefficient of friction of 0.5. Determine the spring force needed to
engage the clutch.
Answer: 3638 N
30 P 30 100  D  d  
Solution: T   0.3183 kN  m  318.3 N  m T  f  P  rf  N fs  f  P     N fs
n  3000  4 
4T 4 318 300
P   3 637.71 N
f  D  d   N fs 0.5 200  1502

25. A wire rope lifts a load of 10 kips at a maximum speed of 1000 feet per minute, attained in 5 seconds starting from
2
rest. The rope has a metallic cross sectional area of 0.4 in . Determine the maximum tensile stress on the rope in ksi.
Answer: maximum tensile stress = 27.6 MPa

V1  Vo 1000 / 60  0  a  3.33 

Solution: a    3.33 fps 2 F  WL 1    10 000 1    11 034.16 lb
t 5  g  32.2 
11,034.16
St   27 585.4 psi  27.6 ksi
0.4

26. What is the bursting steam pressure of a hemispherical steel shell with a diameter of 100 inches and made of 0.0635-
m thick steel plate, if the joint efficiency is 70 % and the tensile strength is 60 000 psi?
Answer: 4200 psi

4 t sl E j
 63.5 
4  
in  60 000 lb / in 2 0.70
 25.4 
Solution: p   4 200 psi
D 100 in.
Where, p = bursting pressure, psi sl = shell stress, psi
t = shell thickness, inches D = shell diameter, inches Ej = joint efficiency
pD
Note: For the longitudinal stress of the thin-walled cylinder, and the stress for spherical tank: s L 
4tEj

27. A cylinder having an internal diameter if 508 mm and external diameter if 914.4 mm is subjected to an internal
pressure of 69 MPa and an external pressure of 14 MPa. Determine the hoop stress at the inner surface of the
cylinder.
Answer: 90.11 MPaa
  914.4 
2
 508  
2
 914.4 
2
69 MPa  mm    mm    214 MPa  mm 
Solution: s ti 
 
p i ro2  ri2  2p o ro2

 2   2    2 
ro2  ri2  914.4 
2
 508 
2
 mm    mm 
 2   2 

sti = 90.11 Mpa

Where, sti = maximum tangential or hoop stress at the inside ri = inside radius, mm
pi = internal pressure, Mpa ro = outside radius, mm
po = external pressure, Mpa

Note: For the maximum tangential or hoop stress at the outside, s to 


2p i ri2  p o ro2  ri2 
ro2  ri2

28. What length of a square key is required for a 4-in diameter shaft transmitting 1000 hp at 1000 rpm? The allowable
shear and compressive stresses in the key are 15 ksi and 30 ksi, respectively.
Answer: 2.1 inches
63000Hp 630001000
Solution: Transmitted torque, T    63000 in  lb
n 1000
D
Key width, b  , for good proportion
4

Key length based on shear, L  2T  2 63000  2.1 inches

ss bD 15 00014

Key length based on compression, L  4 T  4 63000  2.1

s c t D 30 00014

29. The root diameter of a double square thread is 0.55 inch. The screw has a pitch of 0.2 inch. Find the number of thread
per inch.
Answer: TPI = 5 threads per inch
1 1
Solution: The number of threads per inch, TPI    5 threads / inch
p 0.2

30. A single square thread power screw is to raise a load of 70 kN. The screw has a major diameter of 36 mm and a pitch
of 6 mm. The coefficient of thread friction and collar friction are 0.13 and 0.10 respectively. If the collar mean diameter
is 90 mm and the screw turns at 60 rpm, find the combined efficiency of the screw and collar.
Answer: 12.53 %

Solution: For the depth of the thread, h   1  p   1  6  3 mm

2 2

For the mean diameter of the screw, D m  D o  h  36  3  33 mm

1  L   p   6 
For the lead angle,   tan    tan 1    tan 1    3.3123 o
 D m   D m   33  
 tan 1  f tan  100 %
Solving for the Efficiency, e 
f D 
tan   f   c c  1  f tan  
 Dm 

e
tan 3.3125 1  0.13 tan 3.3125 100 %  12.53 %
o o

 0.10 90 
tan 3.3125  0.10  
o
33 
1  0.13 tan 3.3125  o

 

31. Determine the power capacity of a cone clutch under uniform pressure and assuming the following conditions: major
diameter = 250 mm; minor diameter = 200 mm; length of conical elements in contact = 125 mm; rotational speed =
870 rpm; coefficient of friction = 0.30; and allowable pressure = 70 kPa.
Answer: 25.74 Hp

2  ro  ri   2  1253  1003 
3 3
Solution: Friction radius, rf       112.96 mm
3  ro2  ri2   3  1252  1002 

Surface Area of contact, A f  2rf b  20.112960.125  0.0887 m 2

Force normal to the surface of contact, Fn  pA f  700.0887  6.209 kN

f Fn rf   870 0.306.2090.11296  19.2 kW  25.74 Hp

 n Tf  n
Power Capacity, P  
30 30 30

32. Three extension springs are hooked in series that support a single weight of 100 kg. The first spring is rated at 4 kN/m
and the other two springs are rated 6 kN/m each. Determine the equivalent stiffness of the three springs.
Answer: 1.71 kN/m

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 4 7 12
Solution:           ke   1.71 kN / m
k e k1 k 2 k 3 4 6 6 4 3 12 12 7

33. A flat belt is 6 inches wide and 1/3 inch thick and transmits 20 Hp. The center distance is 8 ft. The driving pulley is 6
inches in diameter and rotates at 2 000 rpm such that the loose side of the belt is on top. The driven pulley is 18
3
inches in diameter. The belt material is 0.035 lb/in and the coefficient of friction is 0.30. Determine the belt net
tension.
Answer: 210 lb

2 T 2  63 000 Hp   2  63 00020
Solution: F  F1  F2          210 lb
D D n   6  2 000 

o
34. A pulley 600 mm in diameter transmits 40 kW at 500 rpm. The arc of contact between the belt and pulley is 155 , the
coefficient of friction between belt and pulley is 0.35 and the safe working stress of the belt is 2.1 MPa. Determine the
belt tensions ratio, neglecting the effect of centrifugal force.
Answer: 2.578

  
 e f  e0.35155 180   2.578
F1
Solution:
F2
35. Select a deep-groove ball bearing to carry a radial load F x = 800 lb and a thrust load F z = 700 lb at 1750 rpm. The
service is 8 hr/day, but it is not continuous; design for 20 000 hr. The operation is smooth with little vibration; the outer
ring rotates. Determine the design life in mr with no more than 10 % failure.
Answer: 2100 mr

Solution: B10  Hrs 60 min s / hr rpm  

20 000601 750  2100 mr
10 6

36. Determine the Hp lost when a collar is loaded with 2000 lb, rotates at 50 rpm, and has a coefficient of friction of 0.15.
The outside diameter of the collar is 4 inches and the inside diameter is 2 inches.
Answer: 0.3714 Hp
Tf n f W rf n 0.152000 lb1.56 inches 50 rpm 
Solution: fHp     0.3714
63000 63000 63000

2  ro  ri  2  23  13 
3 3
Where, rf      1.56 inches
3  ro2  ri2  3  32  12 

37. What load in N must be applied to a 25 mm round steel bar 2.5 m long (E = 207 Gpa) to stretch the bar 1.3 mm?
Answer: 52 840 N

AE    2  1.3    
Solution: F    D E      0.025 207 000 000 000  52 837.66 N
2
L L4  2.5 1000   
4

38. A 50-mm diameter shaft is to transmit 12 kW power at a speed of 500 rpm, determine the mean diameter of the pin,
2
under double shear, for a material having a safe unit stress of 40 N/mm .
Answer: Diameter of the pin = 12.08 mm
30 P 30 12 000
Solution: Transmitted Torque, T    229.183 N  m  229183 N  mm
n  500

2 T 2 229183
Pin Shearing Force, Fs    9167.32 N
D 50
Fs 4 Fs 2 Fs
Pin Mean Diameter, s s   
2 As 2  d 2
 d2

2 Fs 2 9 167.32
d   12.08 mm
 ss  40

39. A 1200 mm cast iron pulley is fastened to 112.5 mm shaft by means of a 28.13 mm square key 175 mm long. The key
and shaft have a shearing stress of 14 000 psi. Determine the force acting at the pulley that will shear the key.
Answer: 10 015 lb
 s bLD 
2 s 
 D 
Solution: Fp 
2T

 2 
 s s bL   14 000 28.13  175  112.5   10 014.74 lb
 Dp   
Dp Dp    25.4  25.4  1 200 
 s s bLD
Where, T  Torque based on shear , in  lb
2

40. A 75-mm diameter shaft is transmitting 350 kW at 650 rpm. A flange coupling is used and has 6 bolts, each 18 mm in
diameter. Find the required diameter of the bolts circle based on an average shearing stress of 27.5 MPa.
Answer: Bolt Circle diameter = 245 mm
8T 830P 830350
Solution: D B     0.245 m  245 mm
 ssd n B
2
 d ss n n B
2 2
 0.0182 27 5006506
2

 ssd 2DBn n B 30 P
Note: Torque Based on Shear, T  
8 n

41. If a sleeve bearing has an outside diameter of 38.1 mm and a length of 50.8 mm, the wall thickness is 3/16 inch. The
bearing is subjected to a radial load of 500 kg. What is the bearing pressure, in psi?
Answer: Bearing pressure = 490 psi

Solution:
 50.8
For bearing or projected area, A B  L D  
 25.4
  38.1
in. 
  25.4
in.  2 3
16

 
in   2.25 in 2


W 500 kg 2.205 lb / kg   490 psi

Bearing pressure, p  
AB 2.25 in 2

o
42. Determine the minimum whole depth of spur gear of 14.5 involute type with diametral pitch of 24 and circular pitch of
0.1309 inch.
Answer: Whole depth = 0.0899 inch
2.157 2.157
Solution: From Vallance, page 262: h    0.089875 inch
pd 24

o
43. A parallel helical gear set was a 17-tooth pinion driving a 34-tooth gear. The pinion has a right-hand helix angle of 30 ,
o
a normal pressure angle of 20 , and a normal diametral pitch of 5 teeth/in. Find the axial circular pitches.
Answer: Axial circular pitch = 1.2566 inches/tooth
Pcn 0.62832 Pc 0.72552
Solution: Pc    0.72552 inch / tooth Pa    1.2566 inches / tooth
cos  cos30o tan  tan 30o

44. Determine the Poisson’s ratio of a material whose modulus of elasticity is 200 GPa and whose modulus of rigidity is
80 GPa.
Answer: Poisson’s ratio = 0.25

Solution: G  E E = 200GPa, G = 80GPa:   0.25

2(1  )

45. A steel has a BHN = 300. What is its approximate ultimate strength in ksi?
Answer: Ultimate Strength = 150 ksi
Solution: Su  0.5(BHN), ksi
 o
46. If the angular deformation of a solid shaft should not to exceed 1 in a length of 1.8 m and the allowable shearing
6
stress is 83 MMa, what is the diameter of the shaft? Assume that the shaft material has G = 77 x 10 kPa.
Answer: Shaft diameter = 222.34 mm

 D3ss 
32

L
 2 ss L 2830001.8
16 D   222.34 mm
 
TL 32T L    2 ss L
Solution:     G o  
JG D4G D G
4 DG 1  o  77 x 10 6
 180 

47. Determine the Hp lost when a collar is loaded with 2000 lb, rotates at 50 rpm, and has a coefficient of friction of 0.15.
The outside diameter of the collar is 4 inches and the inside diameter is 2 inches.
Answer: Frictional Horsepower = 0.374 Hp

Tf n f W rf n 0.152000 lb1.56 inches50 rpm

Solution: fHp     0.3714
63000 63000 63000

2  ro  ri  2  23  13 
3 3
Where, rf      1.56 inches
3  ro2  ri2  3  32  12 
 

48. Two shafts 3.6 m between centers carry pulleys 1.2 m in diameter and 0.91 m in diameter respectively, connected by
a crossed belt. It is desired to put the belt on as an open belt. How long a piece must be cut of it?
Answer: Length to be cut off = 303.3 mm
Solution: For the length of an open belt connection,

 

D1  D 2   2C  D 2  D1    1200 910  23600  1200  910  10 520.22 mm
2 2
Lo 
2 4C 2 43600
For the length of belt for crossed belt connection,


D1  D2   2C  D2  D1     1200 910  23600  1200 910  10823.55 mm
2 2
Lc 
2 4C 2 43600
Solving for the difference of lengths,
L  L c  L o  10 823.55  10 520.22  303.33 mm

49. A 20-tooth motor sprocket, running at 1200 rpm, drives a blower at a speed ratio of 4:1. Using the largest permissible
chain size and the largest permissible center distance of 80 pitches, what length of chain in pitches is required to
connect the sprockets?
Answer: Chain length = 212 pitches

N t1  N t 2 N  N t1   212.pitches
2
Solution: L c   2C p  t 2
2 40C p

50. A 20-kW motor, running at 1200 rpm, drives a 400 mm diameter pulley at a belt tension ratio of 2.4. If the belt’s tight
side tension is only 1200 N, determine the transmission efficiency.
Answer: Transmission Efficiency = 87.97 %
 Tout  n    n   D  F   n  D   1200   0.40   1200
    net     F1  F2     1200  
Solution:  
Poutput
 30   30   2  
30   2 

30   2   2.4 
 0.8797
Pinput Pinput Pinput Pinput 20000

51. A right-handed single-thread hardened-steel worm has a catalog rating of 2.25 kW at 650 rpm when meshed with a
o
48-tooth cast-steel gear. The axial pitch of the worm is 25 mm, normal pressure angle is 14.5 , and the pitch diameter
of the worm is 100 mm. The coefficient of friction is 0.085. Determine the shafts center distance.
Answer: Center distance = 241 mm

w n Tg D g cos  Dg
Solution: Speed Ratio, SR   w   
g ng Tw D w sin  D w tan 

L p 25
Tan      0.07958    4.55o
D w D w 100

T   T    Tg  p   48  25 
Pitch diameter of the gear, D g   g D w tan    g D w  p       381.97 mm
T  T   T     1   
w  w  D w     w 

D w  Dg 100  381.97
Center Distance, C    241 mm
2 2

o
52. A 20 straight-tooth bevel pinion having 14 teeth and a diametral pitch of 6 teeth/inch drives a 42-tooth gear. The two
shafts are at right angles and in the same plane. Find the pitch angle of the pinion.
Answer: Pitch angle = 18.4o

 Tp 
1    tan 1  14   18.4 o
Solution:   tan  
 Tg   42 

o
53. A triple-thread worm has a lead angle of 17 and a pitch diameter of 2.2802 inches. Find the center distance when the
worm is mated with a wheel of 48 teeth.
Answer: Center Distance = 6.72 inches
 Tg 
Solution: Dg   D w tan    48 2.2802 tan 17o  11.154 inches
T   3 
 w 

D w  Dg 2.2802 11.154
C   6.72 inches
2 2

54. A double-thread worm has a pitch diameter of 3 inches. The wheel has 20 teeth and a pitch diameter of 5 inches. Find
the gear helix angle.
Answer: Gear helix angle = 9.46o
 T  D g   
Solution:   tan 1  w    tan 1  2  5   9.46o
 
 Tg  D w    
20 3

o
55. A 36-tooth pinion turning at 300 rpm drives 120-tooth gear of 14.5 involute full depth pressure angle. Determine the
rpm of the driven gear.
Answer: 90 rpm

 Tp 
Solution: n g  n p    300 36   90 rpm
  120 
 Tg 

56. If two parallel shafts are connected by cylinders in pure rolling contact and turning in the same direction, and having a
speed ratio of 2.75, what is the Center distance of the two shafts assuming that the diameter of the smaller cylinder is
22 cm?
Answer: Center Distance = 19.25 cm

Solution: Diameter of the bigger cylinder, D 2  SR D1   2.7522  60.5 cm

D 2  D1 60.5  22
Center distance, C    19.25 cm
2 2

57. In estimating the actual endurance strength of steel parts, one of the factors to be considered is the material factor,
which of the following is the recommended material factor for cast steel?
Answer: Material factor for cast steel = 0.70

58. Two extension coil springs are hooked in series that support a single weight of 100 kg. The first spring is rated at 4
kN/m and the other spring is rated at 6 kN/m. Determine the total deflection of the springs.
Answer: Spring Deflection = 408.6 mm

k k  4  6
 F 1 2   100 kg9.8066 N / kg
F F
Solution: t  1  2     408.6 mm
k1 k 2  k1k 2   46 

59. If the ultimate shear strength of a steel plates is 42 000 psi, what force is necessary to punch a 0.75 inch diameter
hole in a 0.625 inch thick plate?
Answer: Punching force = 61 850 lb

Solution:  
F  su As  su d t   42000lb / in 2 0.75 in 0.625 in   61850.1 lb

60. A stepped torsion shaft has diameters of 16 mm and 12 mm and a fillet radius of 2 mm. The shaft is subjected to a
torque of 12.5 N-m. Find the maximum induced stress caused by the fillet. Consider a stress concentration factor of
1.25.
Answer: 46.05 MPa
Solution: Solving for the average induced shear stress in the shaft

16T 16 12.5
ss    36841422.01 Pa  36.84 MPa
 d3   0.012 3

Solving for the maximum induced shear stress,

ss max   k ts ss  1.2536.84   46.05 MPa

61. A steam engine that has a stroke of 12 inches has an overhung crank of 11 inches. The maximum tangential force, P,
on the crank may be assumed as 75000 lb. Assuming an allowable stress in shear as 4400 psi, determine the
crankshaft diameter.
Answer: Crankshaft Diameter = 4.77 inches
Solution: Solving for the torque, T  P  R  75006  45 000 in  lb

Solving for the bending moment, M  750011  82 500 in  lb

Solving for the shaft diameter,

1 1
 16   3  16 3
D    M 2  T 2    45 0002  82 5002   4.77"
  s s     4400 

62. Determine the Hp lost when a collar is loaded with 2000 lb, rotates at 50 rpm, and has a coefficient of friction of 0.15.
The outside diameter of the collar is 4 inches and the inside diameter is 2 inches.
Answer: 0.3714 Hp
Tf n f W rf n 0.152000 lb1.56 inches 50 rpm 
Solution: fHp     0.3714
63000 63000 63000

2  ro  ri
3 3  2  23  13 
Where, rf     1.56 inches
3  ro2  ri2  3  32  12 
  

63. A parallel helical gear-set consists of a 19-tooth pinion driving a 57-teeth gear. The pinion has a left-hand helix angle
o o
of 20 , a normal pressure angle of 14½ , and a normal diametal pitch of 10 teeth/inch. If the pinion is to transmit 50 Hp
at a speed of 1750 rpm. Determine the center distance of the two gears.
Answer: 4.04 inches

Pd Tp Tg
Solution: Pdn   
cos  D p cos  D g cos 

Tp 19
Pitch diameter of the pinion, D p    2.02 inches
Pdn cos  10 cos 20 o

 Tg 
Pitch Diameter of the gear, D g  D p    2.02 57   6.06 inches
 Tp   19 
 
D p  Dg 2.02  6.06
Center-to-center distance, C    4.04 inches
2 2

64. A single square thread power screw is to raise a load of 70 kN. The screw has a major diameter of 36 mm and a pitch
of 6 mm. The coefficient of thread friction and collar friction are 0.13 and 0.10 respectively. If the collar mean diameter
is 90 mm and the screw turns at 60 rpm, find the axial linear speed of the screw.
Answer: 6 mm/s
Solution: For the linear speed of the screw,
Vn = n (L) = (60 rpm)(6 mm/rev) = 360 mm/min = 6 mm/s
65. An airtight closed box of weight P is suspended from a spring balance. A bird of weight W is placed on the floor of
the box, and the balance reads W + P. If the bird flies around in the box at a constant elevation without accelerating,
what is the balance reading?
Answer: P+W

66. A hoist with a 100 horsepower engine is capable of lifting a 10,000 lb load a height of 20 ft in 10 seconds. What is
the efficiency of this machine?
Answer: 36.4%

67. Two barges, one weighing 10 tons, the other weighing 20 tons are connected by a cable in quiet water. Initially the
barges are at rest 100 feet apart. The cable is reeled in until the barges are 50 ft apart. If the friction is negligible,
calculate the distance moved by the 10 ton barge.

Answer: 33.3 ft

68. A 60 ton car is to travel around a curve of radius 3,000 ft, at a speed of 60 mph. By how much must the outer rail be
elevated in order that the reaction against track may be perpendicular to the plane of the rails? The track standard
gage of 4’ – 8 ½”.

Answer: 4.53 in

69. A projectile weighing 100 pounds strikes the concrete wall of a fort with an impact velocity of 1200 feet per second.
The projectile comes to rest in 0.01 second, having penetrated the 8-foot thick wall to a distance of 6 feet. What is the
average force exerted on the wall by the projectile?

5
Answer: 3.73 x 10 lbs

70. Two 3-lb weights are connected by a massless string hanging over a smooth, frictionless peg. If a third weight of 3 lbs
is added to one of the weights in the system is released, by how much is the force on the peg increased?

Answer: 2 lbs