Express the volume expansivity and the isothermal compressibility as functions of density ρ

and its partial derivatives. For water at 50⁰C and 1 bar, ƙ = 44.18x10-6 bar-1 . To what
pressure must water be compressed at 50⁰C to change its density by 1%? Assume that ƙ is
independent of P.

Volume expansivity constant:

1 𝜕𝑉
β = ( )𝑃
𝑉 𝜕𝑇

Thermal compressibility constant:

1 𝜕𝑉
ƙ= − ( )𝑇
𝑉 𝜕𝑃
 𝑚 1
ρ= since m = constant, ρ =
𝑉 𝑉

Substitute into volume expansivity equation:

1 𝜕𝑉
β= ( )𝑃
𝑉 𝜕𝑇
1
𝜕
= 𝜌( 𝜕𝑇 )𝑃 𝜌

0 − 𝜕𝜌
( 2 )
𝜌
= 𝜌( )𝑃
𝜕𝑇

−1 𝜕𝜌
β = ( )𝑃
𝜌 𝜕𝑇
 𝑚 1
ρ= since m = constant, ρ =
𝑉 𝑉

Substitute into thermal compressibility equation:

1 𝜕𝑉
ƙ= − ( )𝑇
𝑉 𝜕𝑃
1
𝜕
𝜌
= -𝜌( )𝑇
𝜕𝑃

0 − 𝜕𝜌
𝜌2
= -𝜌( )𝑇
𝜕𝑃

1 𝜕𝜌
ƙ= ( )
𝜌 𝜕𝑃 𝑇
For water at 50⁰C and 1 bar, ƙ = 44.18x10-6 bar-1

From this equation,

1 𝜕𝜌 𝑑𝜌
ƙ = 𝜌 (𝜕𝑃)𝑇 @ constant T: ƙdP = 𝜌

so,
𝑃 𝜌 𝑑𝜌
‫ 𝑃׬‬2 ƙ𝑑𝑃 = ‫ 𝜌׬‬2
1 1 𝜌

ƙ(𝑃2 − 𝑃1 ) = ln 𝜌2 − ln 𝜌1
𝜌
ln𝜌2
1
𝑃2 − 𝑃1 = ( )
ƙ

change of density is 1%, 𝜌2 = 1.01𝜌1

ln 1.01
𝑃2 − 1 = ( )
44.18x10-6

𝑃2 = 226.22 bar