BRIEF SYNOPSIS

PROBLEM STATEMENT A study to assess the effectiveness

of “VALUES IN HEALTH CARE” selected
module on well-being of nursing students in
selected nursing colleges of Punjab.

GUIDE Dr. Ghanshyam Tak

Assistant Professor & HOD
Department of Psychiatric Nursing
SINPMS, Badal, Sri Muktsar Sahib, Punjab.

CO-GUIDE Dr. Suman Bala Sharma

Principal
Ph.D. M.Sc. (Medical Surgical Nursing)
SINPMS, Badal, Sri Muktsar Sahib, Punjab

SUBMITTED BY Kiranbir Kaur

M. Sc. (Nursing) 2nd year
Psychiatric Nursing
SINPMS, Badal, Sri Muktsar Sahib ¸ Punjab.
 INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

“Your positive action combined with positive thinking results in success.”

Shiv Khera

Well-being is a very comprehensive concept which involves physical, psychological,

social and economic betterment so that it enhances overall quality of life. We can also add
environmental richness and equilibrium to be necessary to qualify any situation where in
well-being of people can be ensured. Freedom is important to well-being, freedom from fear,
worry, anger and freedom to pursue one’s dreams and mission of life.

Professional values are standards for action established by practitioners and

professional group to provide a framework for evaluating beliefs and attitudes that influence
behavior . Nurses’ awareness of professional values and the influence of these values on their
behavior are considered essential part of nursing care . The use of professional values in
nursing practice helps to increase the quality of patients care. In addition to; increase nursing
satisfaction, retention and commitment to the organization.

The Values in Healthcare approach is essentially a simple one: having a positive

attitude improves health. Being positive leads to greater energy and satisfaction, enhanced
clarity in decision-making and an increased sense of well-being. All of this leaves a vibrant
impression on family, friends, patients, clients and colleagues. This seems to happen because
people around us recognize a change in the atmosphere, a change that is generated by how we
think, how we say things and the manner in which we behave .

Need of the study

Over recent years decline in morale in health care and related professions is recognized
because of long-term involvement in situations that are exhausting characterized by feelings
of being physically and emotionally drained. This leads to the development of negative
attitudes and feelings towards patients and a growing evaluation of self-competence and
achievement .
 Nursing is a profession often characterized with high level of stress, physical and
mental demands at work, which brings personal and social strains in nurses’ life. It is
important to identify the factors, which can lead to better subjective wellbeing . Recent study
conducted in twelve European countries showed that long working hours and high burnout in
hospital nurses may pose safety risks for patients as well for nurses.

Positive thinking is a special storehouse consciousness, the ability to control the own
mind. It is believed that if a man can control his mind, he can control his life. Not
accidentally, many sages say that your world is a reflection of man’s thoughts. If you are
afraid of life, you will for sure have some problems. Once you are oriented on the path of joy,
prosperity, happiness, your life is changing for the better.

To date, there is no prior research on the influence of positivity on well being among
nursing students globally. The literature review available for influence of selected modules is
scarce. So, there is need to investigate whether the VIHASA programme, could enhance the
well-being of nursing students. Moreover, this study will also help to investigate applicability
of VIHASA and its benefits in future.

Statement of research problem

A study to assess the effectiveness of “VALUES IN HEALTH CARE” selected

module on well-being of nursing students in selected nursing colleges of Punjab.

Aim of the study

The aim of the study is to explore the extent to which the “VALUES IN HEALTH
CARE” selected module intervention enhances well-being among nursing students.

Objectives

1. To assess the pre-interventional well-being of nursing students in experimental

group and control group .

2. To administer “VALUES IN HEALTH CARE” selected module on well-being on the

experimental group.

3. To assess the post- interventional well-being of nursing students in experimental

and control group.

 4. To compare pre-interventional and post- interventional well-being among nursing
students in experimental and control group.

5. To find out the association of “VALUES IN HEALTH CARE” selected module on

well-being of nursing students with their selected demographic variables.

Operational definition

 Effectiveness: It refers to determine the extent to which the “VALUES IN HEALTH

CARE” selected module has brought desired results that is measured in the terms of
significant difference in pre-intervention and post – intervention scores on well-being
among nursing students by using statistical measurements.

 Selected module: It refers to “VALUES IN HEALTH CARE” related selected

modules and activities which will help nursing students to explore their values related
to positivity, compassion in their personal and professional practices.

 Values in health care: Values in health care includes values such as inner values,
peace, positivity, compassion, cooperation, valuing self, spirituality in their personal
and professional practices followed by nursing students.

 Well-being: It includes physical, mental, emotional, social and spiritual aspects of the
health as measured by self-completed validated questionnaires of Singh and Gupta
well – being scale.

 Nursing students: Nursing students refers to those who are studying in B.Sc. nursing
1st to 4th year in selected nursing colleges of Sri Muktsar Sahib, Punjab.

 Nursing colleges: It refers to the selected nursing colleges of Sri Muktsar Sahib,
Punjab.

Hypothesis

H0 - There will be no statistically significant difference in mean pre- & post intervention
of well-being of nursing students in experimental group at 0.05 level of significance .
 H1 - There will be statistically significant difference in mean pre- & post intervention of
well-being of nursing students in experimental group at 0.05 level of significance .

Delimitation

The study was delimited to:

 Sample size was 60

 B.Sc. nursing students of 1st to 4th year of selected nursing colleges of Sri Muktsar Sahib,
Punjab.

REVIEW OF LITRATURE
Yamin Tin Maung Maung et al (2016) . A pilot study was
conducted on 11 third year medical students’ perceptions of the “values in healthcare”
selective module on their mental wellbeing in Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences
University (SMU) .The aim of the study was to explore the extent to which the
‘Values in healthcare’ selective module intervention enhances mental well-being of
medical students. Both quantitative and qualitative results suggest an improvement in
the mental well-being of participants. A key factor highlighted the extent to which the
students’ awareness of the concepts of mental well-being, and in fact their awareness
of their own mental well-being, increased.

METHODOLOGY
Research approach and research design

Research approach for the present study will be Quantitative research approach and
research design will be Quasi experimental non randomized control group research design.

Research setting

The study will be conducted in selected nursing colleges of Sri Muktsar Sahib,
Punjab.

Target population

Target population consists of the nursing students of B.Sc. nursing 1st to 4th year in
selected nursing colleges of Sri Muktsar Sahib, Punjab.
Sample size and sampling technique

The sample size will be 60 B.Sc. nursing students of 1st to 4th of selected nursing
colleges of Sri Muktsar Sahib, Punjab. 30 samples will be in experimental group and 30 will
be in control group. Sample will be selected by non-probability purposive sampling
technique.

Variables

Independent variable:

Positivity module from VALUES IN HEALTH CARE – selected module

Dependent variable:

Well-being among nursing students

Inclusion criteria

 Nursing students of selected nursing colleges of Sri Muktsar Sahib in Punjab only
 The nursing students who will be willing to participate in this study.
 The nursing students who will be present at the time of data collection.
Exclusion criteria

The study excludes:

 The students other than B.Sc. nursing

 The nursing students who will not participate in this study.

Selection and development of tool (s)

Tools will be prepared after extensive review of literature, consultation and discussion
with the experts of nursing, medicine and research.

Description of tool (s)

It consists of two parts:

Part (A): Consists of demographic variables

Part (B): Consist of standardized Singh and Gupta standardized well-being scale to assess
well-being among nursing students.
Validity of tool (s)

It will be determined by experts’ opinions from the field of nursing, medicine and
research for content face and criterion validity.

Reliability of tool (s)

The reliability will be checked by conducting pilot study and obtaining reliability
coefficient.

Pilot study

It will be conducted to try out the reliability, feasibility and predictability of the study
on 1/10th part of the total sample size.

Procedure for data collection

Prior to data collection, permission will be obtained from the research ethical
committee, concerned authority of mental health and nursing colleges’ authorities to conduct
study. Total 60 nursing students of B.Sc. nursing 1st to 4th year will be selected on the basis
of inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria through non probability purposive sampling
technique and explained about objectives, activities and duration of their involvement.
Informed consent will be obtained. Confidentiality and anonymity of the subjects will be
maintained. Nursing students will have full autonomy to participate in research and withdraw
from research at any time. Firstly, Pre intervention score will be assessed on experimental
and control group by using self- completed validated questionnaires Singh and Gupta
standardized well-being scale. Then, “VALUES IN HEALTH CARE” selected module will
be implemented to experimental group only and followed for 2 days. No intervention will be
given to control group. After 2 days, post intervention score on well-being will be assessed of
nursing students in experimental and control group.

Ethical consideration

Ethical consideration will be obtained from the:

 Research and ethical committee of SINPMS, Badal Sri Muktsar Sahib and BFUHS,
Faridkot .

 Authorities of selected schools of Sri Muktsar Sahib.

 Study subjects through written consent

Plan for data analysis

The investigator will plan data for the analysis and interpretation of data based on
objectives and done by using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Discussion

Discussion will be based on statistical analysis, current trends and previously related
research studies.
 (INTERVENTION)
POSITIIVTY MODULE (Harness the power of thoughts )
Introduction :

Values in health care (VIHASA) is a kind of innovative programme planned and developed
by UK based Janki Foundation for Global Healthcare which helps health care individuals to
learn about themselves and their personal values . Moreover, this will also help them to learn
about values in healthcare which ultimately help them to provide best and effective care to
the patients . The values in health care (VIHASA) contains selected modules about core
values of an individual like values, compassion , positivity , creativity , peace ,
cooperation , valuing yourself and spirituality in health care which facilitate reflection
and the application of the gained insights into everyday challenges and situations. This helps
to improve their reflective and interactive skills with the patients and also promote their self
awareness. This helps to promote positive thinking and well being in health care
professionals and to improve their ability to deal with challenges of health care profession
and daily lives. Because if they are able to handle their own lives positively only then they
will be able to provide care to the patients with affection and empathy . But if their own lives
are stressed out , then they won’t be able to provide better and effective care to the patients
and they will be burned out easily . This will ultimately deteriorate their personal and
professional growth . So, to overcome all these challenges values in health care (VIHASA)
programme is planned and developed for all the health care professionals .

Introduction to positivity module :

In general , positivity is known as a sense of being positive no matter whatever situations

arises in life . Positivity helps to increase happiness and satisfaction in the life of an
individual enhances clarity in making right decisions and an increased sense of well-being.
This ultimately affects on our relationships in the personal and professional life and also
helps to improve efficacy in efficiency in work performance.

Health care professionals needs to deal with many difficult situations sometimes in which it
is not easy to stay positive all time . In this condition , they will easily get stressed and burn
out . this leads to decrease in their work performance . Positivity helps to bring clarity in their
decision making in critical situations and also bring balance in their personal and professional
lives. This is because when health care professionals are positive in their lives , only then
they will be able to provide better care to the patients and coordinate with other colleagues.
Changing our thinking to being more positive about our own work and that of colleagues will
improve our own self-esteem and raise morale.

Purpose of positivity module :

 To bring positive attitude in nursing students

 To enhance clarity in decision making in critical situations
  To improve the coping mechanisms of nursing students related to stress and burnout
in personal and professional life.
 To promote self awareness in nursing students
 New concept to bring in change health care system and provide optimistic care to the
clients.
 To increase sense of well being among nursing students

Benefits :

● Physical – aids recovery from illness and increases energy .

● Mental – improves self-esteem and makes tasks easier . Also helps to raise morale

● Social – improves relationships , better coordination and improve ability to make right
decisions in critical situations . Clarity of thought which ultimately influences
relationships in personal and professional life.

● Spiritual – increases the capacity to be hopeful for the better future and outcomes.

PLAN OF POSITIVITY MODULE

The aim of this session is to recognise that we all have inner beliefs based on ‘positivity’
which we can surface and find ways of expressing, with many benefits on how we see
ourselves and how we relate to others. The first half of the module is mainly about
recognising the benefits of positive thinking and about developing positive thoughts about
oneself and others. The second half builds on these insights by applying the learning to work
contexts, and by introducing some more specific techniques for dealing with negative
thoughts and cycles of thinking. The timetable plan of positivity module is adapted from
Values in healthcare: a spiritual approach (2011). The module is divided into two sessions –
Being positive and interaction at work

Sr.no. Topic Time

DAY 1
1. Introduction about module 30 minutes
Session I : BEING POSITIVE
a. The benefit of being positive 25 minutes
b. Valuing the self 15 minutes
Movement exercise 5 minutes
Break 20 minutes
c. Surfacing positive thoughts 45 minutes
d. Thought exchange 10 minutes
e. Inspired to be me 15 minutes
DAY 2
Session II : POSITIVE INTERACTION AT WORK
f. Appreciating others at work 35 minutes
g. S.O.S. – a visualisation 25 minutes
Movement exercise 5 minutes
Break 15 minutes
 h. Being positive at work 40 minutes
Session review 10 minutes
i. Action planning : Thoughts into action 30 minutes
Evaluation 10 minutes
Closure: Appreciating the self and others 10 minutes
Total time 5 hours 45 mins

THEME :

I. INTRODUCTION TO MODULE – 30 minutes (Importance of values in

health care)
 Process: Listening
 Materials : Flipchart and marker pens and VIHASA leaflets (optional)
o Part I: Opening remarks (10 minutes)
o Part II: Introductory exercise (10 minutes)
o Part III: Activities to make a group successful (10 minutes)
II. BENEFITS OF BEING POSITIVE – 25 minutes (identify the potential benefits
of being positive on different aspects of health and well-being)
 Process : Reflection and discussion in pairs
 Materials : Flipchart and marker pens

WORKSHEET 1

On your own, consider what are the gains or benefits of being positive, on:

a) Your body or physical health?

b) Your mind or mental health?

c) Your relationships or social health?

d) Your spirit, faith or belief system?

In pairs, consider the benefits or gains of being positive.

A) Valuing the self : 15 minutes ( To identify positive thoughts and qualities about
themselves)
 Process : Appreciation
 Material : relaxing background music , worksheet

WORKSHEET 2

Identify your positive qualities and thoughts by answering the questions on this sheet. Be
spontaneous and jot down any thoughts which arise, rather than spending too long
considering your response:

a) What qualities have I shown today while talking with others?

b) What positive thoughts have I had about others?
 c) What positive thoughts have I had about myself?
d) What have I done well today?
B) Surfacing positive thoughts - 45 minutes (learn how to stay positive in different
situations )
 Process: Reflection
 Material : Worksheet, Flip chart and pens , relaxing background music
WORKSHEET 3

List some positive thoughts and beliefs which come to mind in each of these areas:

1 Self 2 Others

3 A current situation 4 Anticipation of a difficult

situation

C) Thought exchange- 10 minutes (learn how to change negative thoughts into positive
ones)
 Process: Appreciation and play
 Material : Paper (A5) and pens
D) Inspired to be me – 15 minutes (learn how to develop positive thoughts)
 Process: Meditation
 Materials : tape recorder , Paper and pens/coloured pencils
B) POSITIVE INTERACTION AT WORK
a) Appreciating others at work – 35 minutes ( Learn appreciate others through
positive thoughts )
 Process: Appreciation
 Materials : hand outs , worksheets , card , pin board
o Part A:Rules for appreciating others (10 minutes)
o Part B: Appreciating others in practice (10 minutes)
o Part C: Appreciating each other (10 minutes)
b) S.O.S.– a visualisation – 25 minutes ( to learn how to observe negative thoughts
and then change into positive thoughts)
 Process: Visualisation
 Materials : CD player
c) Being positive at work – 40 minutes( recognise benefits of being positive at work)
 Process: Play
  Materials : worksheet , flip chart , marker pens
Pre-prepared flipchart with three headings (allowing space to write a list under each):
a) Your health and effectiveness at work
b) Your relationships with patients/clients
c) Your relationships with colleagues/your team

WORKSHEET 4

1 Think of a difficult situation for one of the themes below.

2 Act out the difficult situation in the group in some way, e.g. as a meme or play, with one
person directing the roles people have to play.
3 Now repeat the same situation in a positive way.

The themes

I. Your health and effectiveness at work

II. Your relationships with patients/clients
III. Your relationships with colleagues/your team
d) Session review – 10 minutes
e) Thoughts into action- 30 minutes
 Materials : flipchart , paper and pens
f) Evaluation – 10 minutes
Materials : Copies of evaluation pro forma , Pens
g) Appreciating the self and others –10 minutes
 Process: Appreciation
 Materials : Coloured paper (A5) , Pens , A hat or dish to hold the cards , cd
player
h) Closure
 RESEARCH TOOL
 Name of tool : Singh and Gupta well being scale , is a standardized tool .

It consisted of five sub-scale namely-physical well being, mental well being, social well
being, emotional well being and spiritual well being. Each sub-scale has ten items and there
are 50 items in total.

 Scoring

Scores on all the sub-scale are added up to get a composite score as total well being.
Minimum and maximum score can be 50 and 250 respectively. Only 10-15 minutes are
required to administer the well being scale. It consist 29 positive items and 21 negative items.

 Reliability of tool

Test-retest reliability of the scale was 0.98 and split half reliability was found 0.96.

 Validity

Content and concurrent validity of the Well being Scale was established. Concurrent validity
of the scores of well being scale was determined by comparing it with the scores of
Subjective Well being Inventory Sall and Nagpal (1992).

Correlation between subjective well being inventory and physical well being, subjective well
being inventory and social well being, subjective well being inventory and emotional well
being, subjective well being inventory and spiritual well being and subjective well being and
total well being were -0.45, 0.87, -0.90, 0.28, 0.18 and 0.53 respectively.
 PART I

DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES

This part comprises of some questions regarding the subject and their

educational background.

The subject is assured that the information obtained here will be kept a secret and will

be used for research purposes only.

1. Age in ……..

a) Below 18 years

b) 18-19 years

c) 19-20 years

d) Above 20 years

2. Gender

a) Male

b) Female

3. study year of nursing student

a) B.Sc. 1st year

b) B.Sc. 2nd year

c) B.Sc. 3rd year

d) B.Sc. 4th year

4. Father’s education

a) Illiterate

b) Primary
c) Secondary

d) Graduate

e) post graduate

5 . Mother’s education

a) Illiterate

b) Primary

c) Secondary

d) Graduate

e) post graduate

6. Father’s Occupation

a) Daily wager

b) Farmer

c) Government job

d) Business /private job

e) home maker

7. Mother’s Occupation

a) House Wife

b) Government job

c) Daily wager

d) Any other

8 . Family monthly income

a) Below 10000
b) 10001-20000

c) 20001-30000

d) Above 30000

9. Diet pattern

a) Vegetarian

b) Non-Vegetarian

c) Vegetarian with only egg consumption

10. Religion

a) Hindu

b) Sikh

c) Muslim

d) Others (specify)…………

11. Place of residence

a) Rural

b) Urban

12. Previous source of information about values in health care (VIHASA) selective
module

a) Mass media

b) Brahma kumaris centre

c) Conferences

d) Institute/ teachers

e)

13. whether child day scholar and hosteller

 WELL-BEING SCALE

(By: Jagsharanbir Singh and Dr. Asha Gupta, 2001)

Sample code no. …..

There are fifty items. You are requested to answer each item and not leave any item
unanswered. Using the Numerical Ranking below, indicate how strongly you agree
with each of the following statements. (Circle it)

No time limit.

Sr.no. Statement Very Much Rather So Average To some Not So

much Extent much
Physical well being
1. Do you feel 1 2 3 4 5
hungry, when it is
meal time
2. Do you have 1 2 3 4 5
headache
3. Do you fall easily 1 2 3 4 5
ill?
4. Do you suffer 1 2 3 4 5
from pains in
various parts of
your body?
5. Do you care for 1 2 3 4 5
healthy habits (no
alcohol, no
smoking, no
drugs)?
6. Do you go to 1 2 3 4 5
your doctor for
physical check
ups?
7. Do you have 1 2 3 4 5
digestive
problems?
8. Do you get 1 2 3 4 5
 allergy attacks?
9. Is physical 1 2 3 4 5
exercise a part of
your daily
routine?
10. Are you 1 2 3 4 5
physically fit?
Mental well being
11. Do you feel life is 1 2 3 4 5
interesting?
12. Do you get easily 1 2 3 4 5
upset, when
things do not turn
out as expected?
13. The way things 1 2 3 4 5
are going now, do
you feel confident
in coping with
future?
14. Do you feel your 1 2 3 4 5
hard work is
recognized?
15. How happy are 1 2 3 4 5
you with your
present work?
16. Do you worry 1 2 3 4 5
about having less
success in life
than you think
you deserve?
17. Do you feel life is 1 2 3 4 5
hopeless?
18. Do you worry 1 2 3 4 5
about your
future?
19. If given a chance, 1 2 3 4 5
would you like to
start your life all
over again?
20. Are you satisfied 1 2 3 4 5
with your life in
general?
Social well being
21. Do you want to 1 2 3 4 5
have friends than
you already have?
22. Do you enjoy 1 2 3 4 5
 social gatherings?
23. Do you have 1 2 3 4 5
difficulty in
initiating
conversation with
a stranger?
24. Do your 1 2 3 4 5
companions love
you?
25. Do you care for 1 2 3 4 5
close personal
relationships?
26. Do you get 1 2 3 4 5
disappointed,
when your views
do not match that
of others?
27. Will friends help 1 2 3 4 5
you out if there is
a crisis?
28. Do you face 1 2 3 4 5
awkwardness in
meeting people?
29. Do you easily get 1 2 3 4 5
along with
others?
30. Do people like 1 2 3 4 5
you?
Emotional well being
31. Are you living 1 2 3 4 5
happy life?
32. Are you feeling 1 2 3 4 5
easily hurt?
33. Do you get 1 2 3 4 5
feeling of
loneliness?
34. Do you think life 1 2 3 4 5
is full of worries
and sorrows?
35. Do you lose your 1 2 3 4 5
temper over
minor things?
36. Are you very 1 2 3 4 5
sensitive?
37. Do you think it is 1 2 3 4 5
better to die than
face failure in
 life?
38. Do you get sound 1 2 3 4 5
sleep?
39. Are you suffering 1 2 3 4 5
from
nervousness?
40. Do you get easily 1 2 3 4 5
irritated?
Spiritual well being
41. Do you 1 2 3 4 5
sometimes feel
that you and the
things around
you, belong very
much together
and are integral
part of a common
force?
42. Do you feel that 1 2 3 4 5
every soul is
potentially divine
and ultimate aim
of life is to
manifest the
divinity within?
43. Do you feel you 1 2 3 4 5
are one with
God?
44. Is welfare of 1 2 3 4 5
mankind one
purpose of your
life?
45. Do prayers bring 1 2 3 4 5
peace of mind?
46. Is God very real 1 2 3 4 5
to you?
47. Do you feel that 1 2 3 4 5
self realization
leads to God
realization?
48. Do you think that 1 2 3 4 5
person lacking
mortality can be
barrier to the
social progress?
49. Do you 1 2 3 4 5
sometimes
 experience
moments of
instance
happiness almost
like a kind of
ecstasy or bliss?
50. Do you 1 2 3 4 5
sometimes
experience a
joyful feeling of
being part of
mankind as of
one large family?

SCORING TABLE

Sr. No. Dimensions Score

Physical Well-
1. Being

2. Mental Well-Being

3. Social Well-Being

4. Emotional Well-Being

Spiritual Well-
5. Being

Total =
 INTERPRETATION OF WELL BEING SCALE

Parameter Total score Classification of scores

250 Low well being Average well being High well

Well being status being

50-124 125-175 176-250

 CERTIFICATE OF CONTENT VALIDITY

This is to certify that tool for A study to assess the effectiveness of “VALUES IN HEALTH
CARE” selected module on well-being of nursing students in selected nursing colleges of
Punjab prepared by Ms. Kiranbir Kaur, M.Sc. Nursing 2nd year, Mental Health Nursing
student, State Institute of Nursing and Paramedical Sciences, Badal is found to be valid and
up to date and she can proceed with this tool to conduct the study.

Name:

Designation: Signature and seal of the expert:

Date:

Place:
 VALIDITY OF A TOOL

Respected Validator,

Please place the tick mark against the criteria given for each item. The fourth
column is for suggestions in case you find the respective item is not relevant or
needs modification.

Sr.no. Content Valid (2) Need Not valid Suggestions if not

modifications (0) relevant/need
(1) modification
1. The indicators in the
tool are consistently
and accurately
measure each
variable in the
research study.
2. The tool fits with
the variables under
research study, thus
measures what it
tends to measure .
3. The tool has the
capability to
measure items of the
variables within the
time frame .
4. The tool has the
ability to distinguish
the characteristics or
the properties of
differing attributes
of the subjects under
study.
5. The tool has the
ability to gather
factual data ,
eliminating biases
and subjectivity.
 6. Quick and complete
data can be
generated by the
questionnaire within
the time frame.
7. The tool has no
influence on the
variables being
measured
8. The tool is framed
in a clear , simple
order to avoid risk
of error
9. The tool is capable
to generate data that
will be of value and
practical use to
sectors concerned in
the research study

INTERPRETATION OF SCORE
Sr.no. Score Validity Interpretation
1) 15-18 High valid The tool is valid and can provide
unbiased data with allowing less than 0-
10 % error
2) 11-14 Valid The tool is valid and can provide
unbiased data with allowing less than 11-
20 % error
3) 6-10 Not valid The tool is valid and can provide
unbiased data with allowing less than 21-
30 % error

SIGNATURE OF EXPERT