chapter 10 Key

1. Two well-known aviation training schools are being compared using random samples of their graduates. It is
found that 70 of 140 graduates of Fly-More Academy passed their FAA exams on the first try, compared with
104 of 260 graduates of Blue Yonder Institute. The test statistic to compare the pass rates is
A. 2.141
B. 1.298
C. 1.227
D. 1.924

2. A medical researcher wondered if there is a significant difference between the mean birth weight of boy and
girl babies. Random samples of 5 babies' weights (pounds) for each gender showed the following:

To test the researcher's hypothesis, we should use the

A. paired (dependent) samples t-test.
B. independent samples t-test.
C. large-sample z-test.
D. t-test for correlation.

3. In comparing the means of two independent samples, if the test statistic indicates a significant difference at 
= .05, it will also be significant at  = .10.
TRUE

4. Random samples of Tuesday and Friday withdrawals from a college-campus ATM were compared to see
whether or not there was a difference in the means. The results shown below are from MegaStat. Analyze these
results thoroughly.

The test statistic (t = 2.430) and p-value (.0204) would indicate a significant difference in means at  = .025,
but not at  = .01. The assumption of unequal variances appears justified, since the ratio of variances Fcalc =
(75.35/35.53)2 = 4.498 far exceeds the right-tail critical value of F.05 with d.f. = 24, 19 (between 2.11 and 2.16).
5. Randomly-chosen MBA students were asked their opinions about the ideal number of children for a married
couple. The sample data were entered into MegaStat, and the following results were produced.

What conclusion can you draw from this analysis at  = .05?

A. Men want larger families on average than women.
B. Women want larger families on average than men.
C. This is insufficient evidence to suggest a difference in means.
D. We could conclude that men want larger families if we used a two-tailed test.

6. When testing the difference between two population proportions, it is necessary to use the same size sample
from each population.
FALSE

7. John wants to compare two means. His sample statistics

were and . Assuming equal variances, the test statistic is

A. 2.37
B. 2.20
C. 1.96
D. Must know  to answer.
8. During a test period, an experimental group of 10 vehicles using an 85% ethanol-gasoline mixture showed
mean CO2 emissions of 240 pounds per 100 miles, with a standard deviation of 20 pounds. A control group of
14 vehicles using regular gasoline showed mean CO2 emissions of 252 pounds per 100 miles with a standard
deviation of 15 pounds. The test statistic (assuming equal variances) is
A. -1.310
B. -2.042
C. -1.645
D. -1.683

9. During a test period, an experimental group of 10 vehicles using an 85% ethanol-gasoline mixture showed
mean CO2 emissions of 240 pounds per 100 miles, with a standard deviation of 20 pounds. A control group of
14 vehicles using regular gasoline showed mean CO2 emissions of 252 pounds per 100 miles with a standard
deviation of 15 pounds. To test for equal variances in a two-tailed test at  = .10, the critical values are
A. 0.328 and 2.71
B. 0.420 and 2.16
C. 0.246 and 4.19
D. 0.338 and 3.94

10. Which is not true of the two-tailed F-test for equality of variances?
A. It requires reversing the numerator and denominator d.f. to obtain the left-tail critical value.
B. It can be avoided by "folding" the larger variance into the numerator and adjusting .
C. It is fairly robust to the presence of non-normality in the populations being sampled.

11. A psychological researcher has a theory that predicts women will tend to carry more cash than men. A
random sample of Ersatz University students revealed that 16 females had a mean of $22.30 in their wallets
with a standard deviation of $3.20, while 16 males had a mean of $17.30 with a standard deviation of $9.60.The
researcher's hypothesis would lead us to perform a
A. right-tailed test
B. left-tailed test
C. two-tailed test

12. The difference between two sample proportions p1 - p2 may be assumed normally distributed if each sample
has at least 10 "successes" and 10 "failures."
TRUE
13. The degrees of freedom for the t-test used to compare two population means (independent samples) with
unknown variances (assumed equal) will be n1 + n2 - 2.
TRUE

14. In a test comparing two proportions, the sample proportions were p1 = 12/50 and p2 = 18/50. The test
statistic is approximately
A. -1.44
B. -1.31
C. -1.67
D. Must know  to answer.

AACSB: Analytical skills

Bloom's Taxonomy: Application & analysis
Difficulty: Medium
Doane - Chapter 10 #30
Learning Objective: Perform a test to compare two proportions using z.
Topic: Hypothesis tests of two proportions

15. When using independent samples to test the difference between two population means, it is desirable but not
necessary for the sample sizes to be the same.
TRUE

AACSB: Analytical skills

Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge & understanding
Difficulty: Medium
Doane - Chapter 10 #7
Learning Objective: Explain the assumptions underlying the two-sample test of means.
Topic: Hypothesis tests of two means

16. In a test of a new surgical procedure, the five most respected surgeons in FlatBroke Township were invited
to Carver Hospital. Each surgeon was assigned two patients of the same age, gender, and overall health. One
patient was operated upon in the old way, and the other in the new way. Both procedures are considered equally
safe. The time (in minutes) to complete each procedure was carefully recorded. In a right-tail test for a
difference of means at  = .05, the test type and critical value are
A. 3.162, paired t-test
B. 1.645, independent samples t-test
C. 2.132, paired t-test
D. 2.776, independent samples t-test

t
17. When sample data occur in pairs, an advantage of choosing a paired t-test is that it tends to increase the
power of a test, as compared to treating each sample independently.
TRUE

18. Carver Memorial Hospital's surgeons have a new procedure that they think will decrease the time to perform
an appendectomy. A sample of 8 appendectomies using the old method had a mean of 38 minutes with a
variance of 36 minutes, while a sample of 10 appendectomies using the experimental method had a mean of 29
minutes with a variance of 16 minutes. For a right-tail test of means (assume equal variances) the test statistic
is
A. 3.814
B. 2.365
C. 3.000
D. 1.895

19. A new policy of "flex hours" is proposed. Random sampling showed that 28 of 50 female workers favored
the change, while 22 of 50 male workers favored the change. Management wonders if there is a difference
between the two groups. For a test comparing the two proportions, the assumption of normality is
A. clearly justified.
B. clearly unjustified.
C. a borderline call.

20. A random sample of Ersatz University students revealed that 16 females had a mean of $22.30 in their
wallets with a standard deviation of $3.20, while 16 males had a mean of $17.30 with a standard deviation of
$9.60. In comparing the population variances at  = .10 in a two-tailed test, we conclude that
A. the variances are equal.
B. the variances are unequal.
C. the variances are incomparable (different sample sizes).

21. In an F test for the ratio of two population variances, the degrees of freedom in both the numerator and the
denominator must be equal.
FALSE
22. John wants to compare two means. His sample statistics
were and . Assuming equal variances, the pooled variance
is
A. 4.5
B. 4.9
C. 5.1
D. 3.8

23. Of 200 youthful gamers (under 18) who tried the new Z-Box-Plus game, 160 rated it "excellent", compared
with only 144 of 200 adult gamers (18 or over). The test statistic to compare the two proportions would be
A. 1.645
B. 1.960
C. 1.873
D. 1.448

24. We could use the same data set for two independent samples (i.e., two columns of data) to compare the
means (t-test) or to compare the variances (F test).
TRUE

25. A certain psychological theory predicts that men want bigger families than women. Kate asked each student
in her psychology class how many children he or she considered ideal for a married couple, and obtained the
Excel results shown below at  = .05.

What conclusion can you draw in a two-tailed test at  = .05?

A. Men want larger families on average than women.
B. Women want larger families on average than men.
C. We cannot reject the hypothesis of equal population means.
D. The decision depends on whether or not the variances are equal.
26. Two well-known aviation training schools are being compared using random samples of their graduates. It
is found that 70 of 140 graduates of Fly-More Academy passed their FAA exams on the first try, compared with
104 of 260 graduates of Blue Yonder Institute. To compare the pass rates, the pooled proportion would be
A. .500
B. .435
C. .400
D. .345

27. Does the Speedo Fastskin II Male Hi-Neck Bodyskin competition racing swimsuit improve a swimmer's
200-yard individual medley performance times? A test of 100 randomly-chosen male varsity swimmers at
several different universities showed that 66 enjoyed improved times, compared with only 54 of 100 female
varsity swimmers. In comparing the proportions of males versus females, is it safe to assume normality?
A. Yes, clearly.
B. Yes, but just barely.
C. No.
D. Can't tell without knowing .

28. The coach of an adult Master's Swim class, selected eight swimmers within each of the two age groups
shown below. A race is held to for each group of swimmers, to see how fast they could swim 50 yards freestyle.
The resulting times (seconds) are shown below. Which statistical test would you choose?

A. t-test for independent samples with known variances

B. t-test for independent samples with unknown variances
C. t-test for paired samples
D. z-test for two independent proportions
29. The table below shows two samples taken to compare the mean age of individuals who purchased the
iPhone 3G at two AT&T store locations.

At  = .05, can you conclude that the first sample has a larger variance than the second sample?
A. Yes, clearly.
B. Yes, but just barely.
C. No.

30. Two well-known aviation training schools are being compared using random samples of their graduates. It
is found that 70 of 140 graduates of Fly-More Academy passed their FAA exams on the first try, compared with
104 of 260 graduates of Blue Yonder Institute. To compare the pass rates, the p-value for a right-tailed test is
approximately
A. .054
B. .027
C. .155
D. .013

31. A new policy of "flex hours" is proposed. Random sampling showed that 28 of 50 female workers favored
the change, while 22 of 50 male workers favored the change. Management wonders if there is a difference
between the two groups. What is the test statistic to compare the two proportions?
A. 1.321
B. 1.287
C. 1.200
D. -1.255

32. Management of Melodic Kortholt Company compared absenteeism rates in two plants on the third Monday
in November. Of Plant A's 800 employees, 120 were absent. Of Plant B's 1200 employees, 144 were absent.
MegaStat's results for a two-tailed test are shown below.

The test statistic (shown as z = x.xx) is approximately

A. 2.022
B. 1.960
C. 1.942
D. 1.645
33. A new policy of "flex hours" is proposed. Random sampling showed that 28 of 50 female workers favored
the change, while 22 of 50 male workers favored the change. Management wonders if there is a difference
between the two groups. What is the p-value for a two-tailed test?
A. .3849
B. .1151
C. .2301
D. .3453

34. In a right-tailed test comparing two proportions, the test statistic was z = +1.81. The p-value is
A. .9649
B. .0351
C. .4649
D. Must know n to answer.

35. Management of Melodic Kortholt Company compared absenteeism rates in two plants on the third Monday
in November. Of Plant A's 800 employees, 120 were absent. Of Plant B's 1200 employees, 144 were absent.
MegaStat's results for a two-tailed test are shown below.

At  = .05, the two-tailed test for a difference in proportions is

A. just barely significant.
B. not quite significant.
C. not feasible due to non-normality.
36. Two well-known aviation training schools are being compared using random samples of their graduates. It
is found that 70 of 140 graduates of Fly-More Academy passed their FAA exams on the first try, compared with
104 of 260 graduates of Blue Yonder Institute. In a right-tailed test, the conclusion at  = .05 is that we should
A. reject the hypothesis of equal proportions.
B. not reject the hypothesis of equal proportions.
C. change the  to .10 to get a rejection.

37. At Huge University, a sample of 200 business school seniors showed that 26 planned to pursue an MBA
degree, compared with 120 of 800 arts and sciences seniors. We want to know if the proportion is higher in the
arts and sciences group. The p-value for a left-tailed test is approximately
A. .38
B. .48
C. .24
D. .51

38. Carver Memorial Hospital's surgeons have a new procedure that they think will decrease the variance in the
time it takes to perform an appendectomy. A sample of 8 appendectomies using the old method had a variance
of 36 minutes, while a sample of 10 appendectomies using the experimental method had a variance of 16
minutes. At  = .10, what conclusion can be made in a two-tailed test for equal population variances?
A. We cannot reject equal variances.
B. We conclude that variances are unequal.
C. We can't tell without more information.

39. In a left-tailed test comparing two means with variances unknown but assumed to be equal, the sample sizes
were n1 = 8 and n2 = 12. At  = .05, the critical value would be
A. -1.960
B. -2.101
C. -1.734
D. -1.645
40. Management of Melodic Kortholt Company compared absenteeism rates in two plants on the third Monday
in November. Of Plant A's 800 employees, 120 were absent. Of Plant B's 1200 employees, 144 were absent. To
compare the two proportions, the pooled proportion is
A. .130
B. .140
C. .132
D. .135

41. Of 200 youthful gamers (under 18) who tried the new Z-Box-Plus game, 160 rated it "excellent", compared
with only 144 of 200 adult gamers (18 or over). The pooled proportion for a test to compare the two proportions
would be
A. 0.7600
B. 0.7200
C. 0.7724
D. Must know  to answer.

42. Of 200 youthful gamers (under 18) who tried the new Z-Box-Plus game, 160 rated it "excellent", compared
with only 144 of 200 adult gamers (18 or over). The 95 percent confidence interval for the difference of
proportions would be approximately
A. [+.013, + .263]
B. [-.014, + .188]
C. [-.003, + .163]
D. [+.057, + .261]

43. When the variances are known, a test comparing two independent sample means would use the normal
distribution.
TRUE

44. In conducting a paired t-test of the difference between two population means, the usual null hypothesis is
that the mean of the population of paired differences is zero.
TRUE

45. If the population variances are exactly equal, the sample F test statistic will be zero.
FALSE
46. The test statistic in an F test for equal variances is the ratio of the sample variances.
TRUE

47. In a random sample of patient records in Cutter Memorial Hospital, six-month postoperative exams were
given in 90 out of 200 prostatectomy patients, while in Paymor Hospital such exams were given in 110 out of
200 cases. In comparing these two proportions, normality may be assumed because
A. the populations are large enough to be assumed normal.
B. the probability of success can reasonably be assumed constant.
C. the samples are random, so the proportions are unbiased estimates.
D. n  10 and n(1 - )  10 for each sample taken separately.

48. If the sample proportions are p1 = 15/60 and p2 = 20/90, normality may be assumed in a test comparing the
two population proportions.
TRUE

49. When using independent samples to test the difference between two population means, a pooled variance is
used if the population variances are unknown and assumed equal.
TRUE

50. Two well-known aviation training schools are being compared using random samples of their graduates. It
is found that 70 of 140 graduates of Fly-More Academy passed their FAA exams on the first try, compared with
104 of 260 graduates of Blue Yonder Institute. To compare the two proportions, the assumption of normality of
the test statistic is
A. justified, but it is a borderline case.
B. clearly justified.
C. clearly not justified.