REACTIONS OF D-BLOCK AND N-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS

REACTIONS OF D- BLOCK ELEMENTS
REACTANT PRODUCT
REACTANT PRODUCT
KMnO4+ H2O2+ H+ O2 + Mn2+ +H2O
KMnO4+ H2S+ H+ S + Mn2+ +H2O
KMnO4+ SO2+ H2O SO42- + Mn2+ +H+
KMnO4+ SO2(excess)+ H2O S2O62- + SO42- + Mn2+ + H+
KMnO4+ Fe2+ + H+ Fe3+ + Mn2+ + H2O
KMnO4+ I- + H+ I3- + Mn2+ + H2O
KMnO4+ NO2-+ H+ Mn2+ + NO3- + H2O
KMnO4+ C2O42-+ H+ CO2 + Mn2+ + H2O
KMnO4+ I-+ H2O MnO(OH)2 + IO3- + OH-
KMnO4+ SO32-+ H2O MnO(OH)2 + SO42- + OH-
KMnO4+ HCl Cl2 + Mn2+ + Cl- + H2O
KMnO4+ OH- MnO42- + O2 + H2O
MnO42-+ H2O MnO4- + MnO(OH)2 + OH-
KMnO4 + Heat K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
KMnO4 + HCOOK MnO2 + KHCO3 +K2CO3 +H2O
KMnO4 + MnSO4 + H2O(in presence MnO2 + K2SO4 +H2SO4
of Zn+2)
KMnO4 + Na2S2O3 +H2O MnO2 + Na2SO4 + S +KOH
K2MnO4 + Cl2 KMnO4 + KCl
K2MnO4 + O3 + H2O KMnO4 + KOH + O2
K2CrO4 + H2SO4 K2Cr2O7 + K2SO4 + H2O

FeCr2O4 + Na2CO3 + O2 Na2CrO4 + Fe2O3 + CO2
Na2Cr2O7 + KCl K2Cr2O7 + NaCl
K2Cr2O7 + HEAT K2CrO4 + Cr2O3 + O2
K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 +H2O + O2
K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 + FeSO4 K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + Fe2(SO4)3 +H2O
K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 + KI K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + I2 + H2O
K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 + Na2SO3 K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + Na2SO4 + H2O
K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 + H2S K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + H2O + S
K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 + SO2 K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + H2O
K2Cr2O7 + Cl- + H+ Cl2 + Cr3+ + H2O
K2Cr2O7 + NO2- + H+ NO3- + Cr3+ + H2O
K2Cr2O7 + S2O32- + H+ SO42- + S + Cr3+ + H2O
K2Cr2O7 + Sn2+ H+ Sn4+ + Cr3+ + H2O
K2Cr2O7 + RCH2OH RCHO and then to RCOOH
K2Cr2O7 + CHCl3 COCl2 + Cl2 + H2O
K2Cr2O7 + ANILINE p- benzoquinone
K2Cr2O7 + H2O2 + H2SO4 K2SO4 + CrO5 + H2O
K2Cr2O7 + H2O2 (neutral solution) K[CrO(O2)2.OH] + H2O + O2
K2Cr2O7 + KOH K2CrO4 + H2O
CHAMP SQUARE, Sunrise Forum, 2nd Floor (Debuka Nursing Home Lane), Circular Road, Ranchi – 834 001, Ph.: 0651-6999023
K2CrO4 + H+ K2Cr2O7 + H2O
K2CrO7 + H2SO4(CONC.and COLD) CrO3(RED CRYSTAL) + K2SO4 + H2O
K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4(2N and warmed) K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + H2O +O2
K2Cr2O7 + HCl ( COLD & CONC.) KCl + CrCl3 + H2O + Cl2
K2Cr2O7 + HCl (WARM & CONC.) KCrO3Cl (potassium chlorochromate,
petigot’s salt)+H2O
K2Cr2O7 + Pb(NO3)2 + H2O PbCrO4 + KNO3 + HNO3
K2Cr2O7 + Pb(NO3)2 PbCr2O7 + KNO3
K2Cr2O7 + K2CO3 K2CrO4 + CO2
K2Cr2O7 + C + H2O Cr2O3 + KOH + CO
K2Cr2O7 + NH4Cl + HEAT Cr2O3 + KCl + H2O + N2
K2Cr2O7 + BORIC ACID + H2O Cr2O3.2H2O(Guigret’s green)
K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 + SO2 K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + H2O ( which
finally crystallizes to chrome alum)
K2Cr2O7 + K4[Fe(CN)6] K2O + Cr2O3 + KCNO +K2Fe[Fe(CN)6]
K2Cr2O7 + NaCl + H2SO4 CrO2Cl2 + K2SO4 + Na2SO4 + H2O
REACTANT PRODUCT
CrO3 + HCl CrO2Cl2
CrO2Cl2 + H2O H2CrO4 + HCl
CrO2Cl2 + HEAT Cr2O3 + Cl2 + O2
CrO2Cl2 + TOLUENE in CS2 BENZALDEHYDE( Etard reaction)+
CrCl2
CrO2Cl2 + NaCl + H2O NaCrO3Cl + HCl
CrO2Cl2 + F2 CrO2F2 + Cl2
CrO2Cl2 + HF CrO2F2 + HCl
CrO2Cl2 + NaOH Na2CrO4 + NaCl + H2O
CrO2Cl2 + H2O + Pb(CH3COO)2 PbCrO4 + HCl + CH3COOH
REACTION GROUP
15-18
1 REACTANT PRODUCT
2 NH4Cl + HEAT NH3 + HCl
3 (NH4)2SO4 + HEAT NH3 + H2SO4
4 NH4NO2 + HEAT N2 + H2O
5 NH4NO3 + HEAT N2O + H2O
6 (NH4)2Cr2O7 + HEAT N2 + H2O + Cr2O3
7 NH3 + O2 N2 + H2O (pale blue flame)
8 NH4Cl + NaOH NaCl + NH3 + H2O
9 CaNCN + H2O NH3 + CaCO3
10 Ca3P2 + H2O PH3 + Ca(OH)2
11 P4 + NaOH + H2O PH3 + NaH2PO2
12 PH3 + O2 H3PO4
13 N2H4 + O2 N2 + H2O
14 N2H4 + HX N2H5X (white crystalline soluble solid)
15 N2H4 + excess HX N2H6X2(white crystalline soluble solid)
16 N2H4 + I2 HI + N2
17 N2H4 + O2 H2O2 + N2
18 N2H4 + CuSO4 Cu + N2 + H2SO4
19 N2H4 + Zn + HCl NH3 + ZnCl2
20 NH3 + NaOCl NH2Cl+NaOH,NH3+NH2Cl2NH2NH2+NH4C
l(Raschig Process to manufacture
hydrazine)
21 N2H4 + NH2Cl N2 + NH4Cl
22 NH2Cl + NH3 N2 + NH4Cl
23 NH2OH + HCl [NH3OH]Cl
24 NH2OH + H2SO4 [NH3OH]HSO4
25 [NH3OH]+ N2O + N2H4 +H+ +H3O+
(disproportionation of hydroxylamine in
acidic solution)
26 NH2OH N2 + NH3 + H2O (rapid disproportionation)
27 NH4NO2 + NH4HSO4 + SO2 + H2O [NH3OH]+HSO4- +(NH4)2SO4
28 CH3NO2 + H2SO4 [NH3OH]+HSO4- + CO
29 NH4Cl + NaNH2 NaCl +NH3
30 (NH4)2S + Cu2+ (in water) NH4+ + Cu2S
31 (NH4)2S + Cu2+ (in ammonia) NH4+ + Cu2S
32 Ba(NO3)2 + AgCl(in ammonia) BaCl2 + AgNO3
33 Zn2+ + NaOH Zn(OH)2 with excess NaOH forms soluble
Na2[Zn(OH)4]
34 Zn2+ + KNH2 Zn(NH2)2 with excess KNH2 forms soluble
K2[Zn(NH2)4]
35 NH4Br + Na NaBr + H2 + NH3
36 HN3 (both liquid and gas explodes) H2 + N 2
37 HN3 + Li LiN3 + NH3 + N2
38 Na2O + NaNH2 NaN3 + NH3 + NaOH
39 CaC2 + N2 1100°C CaNCN + C
40 CaNCN + H2O CaCO3 + NH4OH
41 NH3 + CO2 180-200°C NH2COONH4 (ammonium
carbamate)͢(which decomposes to give
urea and water)
42 NH2CONH2 (urea) + H2O (NH4)2CO3
43 [3(Ca3(PO4)2.CaF2](fluorapatite) + HF +
H2SO4 3Ca(H2PO4)2+7CaSO4(superphosphate)
44 [3(Ca3(PO4)2.CaF2] + H3PO4 Ca(H2PO4)2 (triple phosphate) + HF
45 NCl3 + H2O (hydrolysis) NH4OH + HOCl
46 PCl3 + H2O H3PO3 + HCl
47 AsCl3 + H2O H3AsO3 + HCl
48 SbCl3 + H2O SbOCl + HCl
49 BiCl3 + H2O BiOCl + HCl
50 PCl3 + NH3 P(NH3)2 NH4Cl
51 Ni(CO)4 + PF3 Ni(PF3)4 + CO
52 PCl3 + O2 POCl3
53 PCl3 + P4O10 + Cl2 POCl3
54 POCl3 + EtOH Triethyl phosphate [o=p(OEt)3]
55 PCl5 + AsF3 PF5 + AsCl3
56 As2O3 + F2 AsF5 + O2
57 Sb2O3 + F2 SbF5 + O2
58 Bi + F2 BiF5
59 PF5 remains covalent
60 PCl5 + PCl5 [PCl4]+[PCl6]-
61 PBr5 [PBr4]+Br-
62 PI5 [PI4]+I-
63 PCl5 + H2O H3PO4 + HCl
64 PCl5 + H2O (1:1) POCl3 + HCl
65 PCl5 + P4O10 POCl3
66 PCl5 + SO2 POCl3 + SOCl2
67 PCl5 + NH4Cl (NPCl2)n +4nHCl (n= 3-8) [phosphonitrilic
chloride polymer] + Cl4P.(NPCl2)n.NPCl3
[chain compounds]
68 N2O + NaNH2 NaN3 + NH3 + NaOH
69 Cu + HNO3 (dilute)Cu + HNO3 (concentrated) NO + Cu(NO3)2 + H2ONO2 + Cu(NO3)2 +
H2O
70 HNO2 + I + H+ NO + I2 + H2O
71 NO + Cl2 NOCl
72 [Fe(CO)5] + NO [Fe(CO)2(NO)2] + C0
73 [Cr(CO)6] + NO [Cr(NO)4] + CO (i.e. 3 CO can be replaced by
2 NO)
74 N2O3 + NaOH NaNO2 + H2O
75 N2O3 + HClO4 NO[ClO]4 + H2O
76 N2O3 + H2SO4 NO[HSO4] + H2O
77 N2O4 + H2O HNO2 + HNO3
78 N2O4 self ionizes hence used as non-aqueous NO+ + NO3-
solvent
89 NOCl + NH4NO3 NH4Cl + N2O4
80 ZnCl2 + N2O4 Zn(NO3)2 + NOCl
81 TiBr4 + N2O4 Ti(NO3)4 + NO + Br2
82 NO2 + F2 NO2F
83 NO2 + Cl2 NO2Cl
84 NO2 + HCl NOCl + Cl2 + H2O
85 NO2 + CO CO2 + NO
86 N2O5 + Na NaNO3 + NO2
87 N2O5 + NaCl NaNO3 + NO2Cl
88 N2O5 + H2SO4 H3O+ + 2NO2+ + 3HSO4-
89 N2O5 ( in gas phase decompose) NO2 + NO + O2
90 NaNO3 + Pb NaNO2 + PbO
91 HNO3 (exposure to light slight decomposition) NO2 + H2O + O2
92 As4O6 + NaOH Na3AsO3 + H2O
93 As4O6 + HCl AsCl3 + H2O
94 P4O10 reacts with alcohol and ether at lower Phosphate esters are formed. Higher
temperature temperature converts alcohols to alkenes
95 Mg salt + NH4+ + PO4+ MgNH4PO4 which on ignition forms Mg2P2O7
(MAGNESIUM PYROPHOSPHATE) + NH3 +H
96 Ca3(PO4)2 + H2SO4 CaSO4 + H3PO4
97 [3Ca3(PO4)2.CaF2] + H2SO4 H3PO4 + CaSO4 + HF
98 P4 + HNO3 H3PO4 + NO2 + H2O
99 H3PO4 + heat 220°C H4P2O7 which upon heating at 320°C
forms (HPO3)n (metaphosphoric acid)
100 Na2H2P2O7 + NaHCO3 Na4P2O7 + CO2 + H2O
101 Na2HPO4 + NaH2PO4 + heat at 450°C Na5P3O10 + H2O (Sodium
tripolyphosphate)
102 Na2O + P2O10 + heat at 1000°C Na5P3O10
103 NaH2PO4 +heat above 160°C Na2H2P2O7(sodium pyrophosphate)
104 NaH2P2O7 + heat above 240°C Na(PO3)3 (sodium trimetaphosphate)
105 Na(PO3)3 + heat at 625°C NaPO3 (sodium metaphosphate) which
upon cooling to 350-500°C forms
Na(PO3)3
106 NaH2P2O7 + heat at 300°C in closed system (NaPO3)x (Maddrell,s high temperature
salt) which upon heating at 375°C forms
NaPO3, Maddrell’s salt can also be
prepared upon heating between 380-
450°C of (NaPO3)z (Kurrol’s salt helical
chain) which can be prepared by heating
(NaPO3)n (Graham’s salt) above 550°C.
Graham’s salt can be prepared by rapidly
cooling NaPO3
107 NaH2P2O7 + heat between 200-300°C (NaPO3)y Maddrell’s low temperature salt
which upon heating above 300°C forms
Maddrell’s high temperature salt.
108 P4O10 + hydrolyse with Na2CO3 Na4P4O12 (sodium tetrametaphosphate
ring) which upon heating at 270°C forms
Maddrell’s low temperature salt.
109 NaH2PO4 + heat Na3P3O9 + H2O (sodium tripolyphosphate)
110 Na3P3O9 + NaOH Na5P3O10
111 P4O10 + cold NaOH or Na2CO3 Na4p4o12.4H2O (sodium
tetrametaphosphate)
112 PH3 + O2 (25 mm Hg) H2 + HPO2 (metaphosphorous acid)
113 P4 + OH- + H2O PH3 + H2PO2- (hypophosphate ion)
114 OXYGEN FAMILY
115 O3 + KI + H2O I2 + KOH + O2
116 PbS + O3 PbSO4
117 NO2 + O3 N2O5 + O2
118 S + H2O + O3 H2SO4
119 KOH + O3 KO3 + O2 + H2O
120 H2S4 + S2Cl2 S6 + HCl
121 H2S8 + S2Cl2 S1O + HCl
122 H2S8 + S4Cl2 S12 + HCl
123 PbO + HNO3 Pb(NO3)2 + H2O
124 B2O3 + H2O H3BO3
125 N2O5 + H2O HNO3
126 CuSO4 + CO2 No reaction
127 CaO + SiO2 CaSiO3
128 K2Cr2O7 + SO2 + H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + H2O
129 KIO3 + SO2 + H2O I2 + KHSO4 + H2SO4
130 SO2 + H2O2 H2SO4
131 K2[HgCl4] + SO2 + H2O K2[Hg(SO3)2] + HCl
132 SO2 + Na2CO3 + H2O NaHSO3 + CO2
133 NaHSO3 + Na2CO3 Na2SO3 + H2O +CO2
134 Na2SO3 + S + heat Na2S2O3
135 2SO2 (self-ionization) SO2+ + SO32-
136 NH2CONH2 + SO3 + H2SO4 NH2SO3H (sulphamic acid) + CO2
137 Cyclo-S8 + CF3COOOH S8O + CF3COOH
138 2NaHSO3 (aq) Na2S2O5 + H2O
139 Na2CO3 + SO2 + H2O NaHSO3 + CO2
140 NaHSO3 + Na2CO3 Na2SO3 + H2O + CO2
141 Na2SO3 + HCl NaCl + SO2 + H2O
142 NaHSO3 + I2 + H2O NaHSO4 + HI
143 Na2S2O3 + I2 Na2S4O6 + NaI
144 RbHSO3 + heat Rb2S2O5 + H2O
145 Na2SO3 + SO2 Na2S2O5
146 Na2S2O5 + HCl NaHSO3 + NaCl + SO2
147 SO32- + H2O2 SO42- + H2O
148 SO32- + S S2O32-
149 HSO32- + SO2 ( in presence of Zn catalyst) S2O42- + SO32- + H2O
150 H2S2O7 + H2O H2SO4
151 H2S3O10 + H2O H2SO4
152 NO2 + SO2 + H2O H2SO4 + NO ( LEAD
CHAMBERPROCESS)
153 NO + O2Lead chamber process is now obsolete NO2 ( LEAD CHAMBER PROCESS)
154 HNO3 + H2SO4 NO2+ + H3O+ + HSO4-
155 H2S + SO3 (ether as solvent) H2S2O3. (Et2O)n
156 Na2SO3 + S (in boiling water) Na2S2O3
157 Na2S3 + O2 (heat in air) Na2S2O3 + S
158 Na2S2O3 + Cl2 + H2O NaHSO4 + HCl
159 Na2S2O3 + AgNO3 Ag2S2O3
160 Ag2S2O3 + Na2S2O3 Na5[Ag(S2O3)3]
161 NaHSO4 + heat Na2S2O7 + H2O
162 H2SO4 + SO3 H2S2O7
163 H2SO4 + excess SO3 H2S3O10 (trisulphuric acid)
164 MnO2 + SO2 MnS2O6 + MnSO4
165 Na2S2O6 + Na/Hg Na2S2O4 + Na2SO3 + Hg
166 (HO)(Cl)SO2 (chlorosulphuric acid) + H2O2 H2SO5 + HCl
167 PCl5 + SO2 SOCl2 + POCl3
168 SOCl2 + H2O SO2 + HClH
169 FeS + H2SO4 H2S + FeSO4
170 H2S + O2 H2O + SO2
171 H2S + NaOH NaHS + H2O
172 H2S + NaHS Na2S + H2O
173 Na2S + H2O NaHS + NaOH
174 H2S2O8 + H2O H2SO5 + H2SO4
175 H2SO5 + H2O H2SO4 + H2O2
176 TeF6 + H2O HF + H6TeO6
177 S + F2 (diluted with N2) SF4 + SF6
178 SCl2 +NaF SF4 + S2Cl2 + NaCl
179 S + CoF3 SF4 + CoF2
180 SF4 + H2O SO2 + HF
181 SF4 + BCl3 BF3 + Cl2 + SCl2
182 SF4 + I2O5 IF5 + SOF2
183 S2F2 + H2O HF + SO2 + S
184 HALOGENS
185 CaF2 + H2SO4KF + HFHF + K[HF2] ( electrolysis) CaSO4 + HFK[HF2]H2 + F2
186 F2 + Cl2 (200-300°C) ClF3
187 H2SO4 + NaCl HCl + NaHSO4
188 HCl + MnO2 MnCl2 + H2O + Cl2
189 NaCl + H=O (electrolysis) NaOH + Cl2 + H2
190 NaCl ( electrolysis) Na + Cl2
191 Br2 + Na2CO3 NaBr + NaBrO3 + CO2
192 NaBr + NaBrO3 + H2SO4 HBr + HBrO3 + Na2SO4
193 HBr + HBrO3 Br2 + H2O
194 IO3 + HSO3 I-+ SO42- + H+
195 I+ IO3 + H+ I2 + H2O
196 SiO2 + HF SiF4 + H2O
197 SiF4 + HF H2[SiF6]
198 CCl4 + HF (anhydrous condition in CCl2F2 (Freon) + HCl
SbCl5)
199 B2O3 + HF (in conc. H2SO4) BF3 + H2SO4 +H2O
200 Al2O3 + HF AlF3 + H2O
201 NaCl + H2SO4 (150°C) NaHSO4 (insoluble and hence reaction
stops called salt cake) + HCl(g)
202 NaCl + NaHSO4 (550°C) Na2SO4 + HCl (g)
203 NH4Cl + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4 (ammonium bisulphite is
soluble and hence not isolated during the
reaction) + HCl
204 H3PO4 + NaI HI + NaH2PO4 (phosphoric acid is not a
good oxidizing agent and so I2 is not
produced)
205 Fe + F2 FeF3
206 Fe + Br2 FeBr2
207 Fe + I2 FeI2
208 TiO2 + C + Cl2 TiCl4 + CO2
209 Cr + HF CrF2 + H2
210 Fe + HCl FeCl2 + H2
211 Sc2O3 + NH4Cl (300°C) ScCl3 + NH3 + H2O
212 BeO + CCl4 (800°C) BeCl2 + CO2
213 UO2 + BrF3 UF4 + BrO2 + O2
214 NiO + ClF3 NiF2 + Cl2 + O2
215 PCl3 + SbF3 PF3 + SbCl3
216 CoCl2 + HF CoF2 + HCl
217 TiCl4 + KI TiI4 + KCl
218 F2 + NaOH NaF + H2O + OF2
219 Cl2 + HgO (300°C) HgCl2.HgO + Cl2O
220 Cl2O + NH3 NH4Cl +N2 + H2O
221 Cl2O + H2O HOCl
222 Cl2O + 2NaOH NaOCl + H2O
223 NaClO3 + H2C2O4 (oxalic acid) in H2O (90°C) ClO2 + NaHSO4
224 HClO3 + HCl ClO2 + Cl2 + H2O
225 ClO2 + H2O HCl + HClO3
226 ClO2 + NaOH + H2O2 NaClO2(used for bleaching textiles) + O2 +
H2O
227 ClO2 + conc. NaOH NaClO2 + NaClO3 + H2O
228 ClO2 + O3 Cl2O6 + O2
229 Cl2O6 + NaOH NaClO3 + NaClO4 + H2O
230 Cl2O6 + H2O HClO3 + HClO4
231 Cl2O6 + HF FClO2 + HClO4
232 F2 + H2O (equilibrium reaction at -40°C) HOF + HF
233 HgO + H2O + Cl2 HgO.HgCl2 + HOCl
234 X2 + NaOH (dilute) (X not F) NaX + NaOX + H2O
235 X2 + NaOH (conc.) NaX + NaXO3 + H2O
236 Ba(ClO2)2 + H2SO4 HClO2 + BaSO4
237 ClO2 + NaOH NaClO2 + NaClO3 + H2O
238 ClO2 + Na2O2 NaClO2 + O2
239 HClO2 (disproportionation in acidic medium) ClO2 + HCl
240 HClO3 (detonate when evaporate to dryness) ClO2 + H2O +O2
241 Ba(ClO3)2 + H2SO4 HClO3 + BaSO4
242 KClO3 (heated between 400-500°C) KCl + O2
243 Zn(ClO3)2 when heated ZnO + Cl2 + O2
244 KClO3 at lower temperature disproportionate KClO4 + KCl
245 NaClO3 + H2O (electrolysis) NaClO4 + H2
246 NH4ClO4 + HNO3 HClO4 + NH4NO3
247 ClO3- (disproportionate in little amount) ClO4- + Cl
248 HClO4.2H2O + H2S2O7 HClO4 + H2SO4
249 Cl2 + F2 (1:1) at 200°C ClF
250 Cl2 + F2 (1:3) at 300°C ClF3
251 I2 + Cl2 (liquid) (1:1) ICl
252 I2 + Cl2 (liquid) (excess Cl2) (ICl3)2
253 Br2 + F2(diluted with N2) BrF3
254 Br2 + F2 (excess) BrF5
255 I2 + F2 (in CCl3F solution at -45°C) IF
256 I2 (S)+ F2 (1:5) at 20°C IF5
257 I2(g) + F2 (1:7) 250-300°C IF7
258 ICl + H2O HCl + HOI
259 BrF5 + H2O HF + HBrO3
260 ClF + Al AlF3 + Cl2
261 ClF + S SF6 + Cl2
262 ClF + SF4 SF5Cl
263 3ICl (ionizes to the extent of 1%) [I2Cl]+ + [ICl2]-
264 NaBr + ICl Na[BrICl]
265 KI + ICl K[I2Cl]
266 Cl2 + 3F2 (heated between 200-300°C] 2ClF3
267 ClF + F2 ClF3
268 XeF2 + I2 IF3 + Xe (IF3 is stable below -30°C. At
higher temperature it forms IF5 which is
more stable)
269 (ICl3)2 (on warming) ICl + Cl2
270 ClF3 + MgO MgF2 + Cl2 + O2
271 ClF3 + Al2O3 AlF3 + Cl2 +O2
272 ClF3 + AgCl AgF2 + Cl2 + ClF
273 ClF3 + NH3 HF + Cl2 + N2
274 ClF3 + BF3 [ClF2][BF4]
275 ClF3 + SbF5 [ClF2][SbF6]
276 ClF3 + NH2NH2 HF + N2 + Cl2
277 Order of reactivity of Inter halogen compounds ClF3>BrF5>IF7>ClF>BrF3>IF5>BrF>IF3>IF
278 BrF3 + SiO2 SiF4 + Br2 + O2
279 2BrF3 (considerable self-ionization) [BrF2][BrF4]
280 ClF5 + H2O FClO2 + HF
281 BrF5 + H2O HBrO3 + HF
282 BrF5 + SiO2 SiF4 + BrF3 + O2
283 BrF5 + CsF Cs[BrF6]
284 IF5 + KF K[IF6]
285 2IF5 (self ionizes to greater extent) IF4+ + IF6
286 KI + F2 IF7 + KF
287 IF7 + H2O IOF5 + HF
288 IF7 + SiO2 IOF5 + SiF4
289 IF7 + CsF Cs[IF8]
290 ICl + KCl K[ICl2]
291 ICl3 + KCl K[ICl4]
292 IF5 + CsF Cs[IF6]
293 ICl + KBr K[BrICl]
294 CsI3 (heat) CsI + I2
295 Rb[ICl2] (heat) RbCl + ICl
296 I2 + ICl + AlCl3 [I3][AlCl4]
297 NOBLE GASES
298 XeF2 + H2 HF + Xe
299 XeF4 + H2 HF + Xe
300 XeF2 + HCl HF + Xe + Cl2
301 XeF4 + KI KF + Xe + I2
302 XeF4 + SF4 Xe + SF6
303 XeF4 + Pt Xe + PtF4
304 S8 + XeF2/HF SF6 + Xe
305 XeF2 + H2O (slow hydrolysis fast in alkaline medium) Xe + HF + O2
306 XeF4 + H2O Xe + XeO3 + HF + O2
307 XeF6 + H2O XeO3 + HF
308 XeF6 + H2O (less amount partial hydrolysis) XeOF4 + HF
309 XeF6 + SiO2 XeOF4 + SiF4
310 XeO3 + XeF6 XeOF4
311 XeO3 + XeOF4 XeO2F2
312 XeO3 + NaOH Na[HXeO4]
313 XeF6 + RbF Rb[XeF7]
314 Cs[XeF7] (heating at 50°C) XeF6 + Cs2[XeF8]
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
HYDROGEN
REACTANT PRODUCT
1. C  H2O (1000 C)o
CO  H2 ( water gas)
2. CO  H2  O2 CO 2  H2O + heat
3. CO  H2 (H2O) (Fe2O3,450oC) 2H2  CO 2
4. CH4  H2O (steam) ( Ni ) 800  900o C CO  3H2
5. CH 4  2H2O ( steam) (Ni 800-900oC ) Co + 3H2 CO 2  H2
6. CO + H2O(Fe/Cu) CO2+H2
7. K 2CO3  CO 2  H2O 2KHCO 3
8. 2HOCH 2CH2NH2  CO 2  H2O HOCH 2CH2NH3 2 CO 3
9. Zn  H2SO4 ZnSO 4  H2
10. 2Al  2NaOH  6 H2O 2Na Al OH4   3H2
11. LiH  H2O LiOH  H2
12. 2H2  O2 ( 3000o C ) 2H2O H  485 kJmol 1
13. N2  3H2 2NH 3  o  33 .4kJmol 1 cat Fe, prom Mo T=
380  450 o C P  200 atm
14. CH3 .CH 2 n CH  CH  COOH  H2 (roomtemp) CH3 CH 2 n CH 2 CH 2COOH
15. N2  3H2 2NH 3 Go  33.4kJmol  cat , prom  MoT  380  450 o CP  200 atm
16. H2 2H   435 .9kJmole 1
17. NaOH  D2O NaOD + HDO
18. NH 4Cl  D2O NH3DCl  HDO.
19. Mg3N2  3D2O 2ND 3  3MgO
20. SO3  D2O D2SO 4
21. P4O10  6D2O 4D3PO4
22. 3T 3 He  0 e 
1 2 1 ( -emission t1/ 2 = 12.26Yr.)
23. 14 N  n1 C12  T13
7 0 6
24. N7  H1
14
T13  other fragments
1
25. D12  D12 T13  H1 T : H2  1 : 7  1017 T2 was

1 2
first made by bombarding
D3PO4 and (ND4)2SO4 with D+
26. Li 36  n10 He 24  T13

27. T2  CuO T2O  Cu
28. 2T2  O2 (Pd-Cat) 2T2O
29. NH 4Cl  T2O NH3TCl.
30. CaH2 + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + 2H2
31. 2CO  NaH HCOONa  C

32. SiCl 4  4NaH SiH4  4NaCl
33. PbSO 4  2CaH 2 Pbs  2Ca OH2
34. 4LiH  AlCl 3 LiAlH4   3LiCl
35. 4NaH  BOCH 3 3 NaBH4   3NaOCH 3
36. 2H2  O2 2H2O (spark  exp losive )
37. H2  Cl 2 2HCl burn 
38. 4BCl 3  3LiAlH4  2B2H6  3AlCl3  3LiCl
39. SiCl 4  LiAlH4  SiH4  AlCl3  LiCl
40. 2 Mg3B2  4H3PO4 B 4H10  2Mg3 PO 4 2  H2
41. Al 4 C3  12HCl 3CH 4  4AlCl 3
42. FeS  H2SO4 H2S  FeSO 4
43. Ca 3P2  3H2SO4 2PH3  3CaSO 4
44. 4H3 A s O3  3NaBH4  4AsH3  3H3BO3  3NaOH
45. B 4H10  B2H6 other products
46. G 4H4  Ge 2H6  Ge 3H8  upto Ge 9H2O
47. NH4Cl  NaNH 2 NaCl  2NH3
48. NH 4  NH 2 2NH3
49. H3SO 
4  HSO 4
2H2SO 4
50. NH 
4 S
2
HS   NH 3
51. HClO4 + HF H2F+ + ClO 4
52. HClO 4  NH3 NH  

4  ClO 4
53. HNO 3  NH3 NH  
4  NO 3
54. H2SO4  2NH3 2NH  2
4  SO 4
COOH 2  2NH3
4  COO 2
2
55. 2NH 
56. NH2CONH 2  NH3 NH  
4  NH2CONH
57. BF3  NH3 H3N  BF3 
58. Ag  2NH 3 H3N  Ag  NH3 
59. Co 3  6Cl  COCl 6 3
60. Ni  4CO NiCO 4
61. O  CsHSN C 5 H5  O
62. CaO  CO 2 CaCO 3
63. CaO  SiO2 CaSiO 3
64. Na 2O  P4O10 4Na 3PO 4
65. P4O10  6H2O 4H3PO 4
66. Na 2O  H2O 2NaOH
67. 2Li+2H2O 2Li,OH+H2
68. 2Na  2H2O 2NaOH + H2
69. 2K  2H2O 2KOH + H2
70. Li 3N  3H2 O 
 6Li  N2
71. Li 3N  3H2O 3LiOH  NH3
72. NaOH  CO 2 Na 2CO 3  H2O
73. NaOH  NH 4 Cl NH3+NaCl+H2O
74.  
6NaOH  2 Co NH 3 6 Cl 3 12NH 3  Co 2 O3  3NaCl  3H2 O
75. NaOH + H2S NaSH  Na2S
76. NaOH  E t OH NaOEt  H2O
77. C2H5OH  OH  OC 2H5  H2O
78. Na 2O2  2 H2O 2NaOH  H2O2
79. Na 2O2  Al Al2O3
80. Na 2O2  Cr 3  CrO 24
81. Na 2O2  CO Na 2CO 3
82. 2Na 2O2  2CO 2 Na 2CO 3  O2
83. 1 Na 2O
2Na  O2
2
84. 1 Na 2O2
Na 2O  O2
2
85. KO 2  2H2 O 1
KOH  H2O2  O2
2
86. 4KO2  2CO 2 2K 2CO3  3O2
87. 4KO2  2CO 2  2H2O 2KHCO 3  3O2
88. Na2+O2 2NaO2
89. Na 2SO 4  4C Na 2 S  4CO
90. NaOH  H2S NaHS  H2 O
91. NaOH  NaHS Na 2S  H2O
92. Na 2S  H2O NaHS  NaOH
93. 2Na 2S  2O2  H2O Na 2S2O3  2NaOH
94. 2Na 2S 2O3  I2 Na 2S 4O6  2NaI
95. NaHCO 3 (gental heat) Na 2CO 3  H2O  CO 2
96. 2HNO 3  K 2CO 3 2KNO3  CO 2  H2O
97. NaNO 3  KCl KNO 3  NaCl
98. 500 °C 2NaNO 2  O2
2NaNO 3
99. 800 °C 2Na 2O  5O2  2N2
4NaNO 3
100. 2NaNO 2  2HCl 2NaCl  H2O  NO 2  NO
101. 2NO  O2 2NO 2
102. Na 2CO3  NO 2  NO 2NaNO 2  CO 2
103. KNO 3  Zn KNO 2  ZnO
104. 2KOH  4NO 2KNO 2  N2O  H2O
105. 4KOH  6NO 4KNO 2  N2  2H2O
106. KI  I2 K I3 
107. KBr  ICl KBrICl
108. KF  BrF3 KBrF4 
109. LiH  H2O LiOH  H2
110. 4LiH  AlCl 3 LiAlH4   3LiCl
111. BCl3  LiAlH4  B2H6
112. PCl3  LiAlH4  PH3
113. SiCl 4  LiAlH4  SiH4
114. 4NaH  BOCH 3 3 (230-270 C) o
NaBH4   3NaOCH 3
115. BH   2H O BO2  4H2
4 2
116. K Na 3 CoNO 2 

 
Na  K 3 Co NO 2 6 
6
117. K NaCO Na KClO 4
4
118. K NaBC H   
6 5 4 Na   K BC6H5 4
119. M  NH3 1
MNH 2  H2
2
120. Bi  Na / NH3 Na 3Bi
121. S  Na / NH3 Na 2 S
122. NiCN 2  2e NiCN4 4
4
123. 2Li  2C Li 2C 2
124. Na  C2H2 2 NaHC 2  Na 2C2
125. Na 2C2  2H2O 2 NaOH  C 2H2
126. Na 2CO 3  Ca OH2 CaCO 3  2NaOH
127. HCl  MnO 2 2Cl 2  Mn2   2H2O
128. NaCl  H2SO 4 NaHSO 4  HCl

129. NaHSO  NaCl  Na 2SO4  HCl
4
130. HCl  MnO 2 Cl 2  Mn 2 
131. Na 2SO4  C  CaCO 3 Na 2CO 3  CaSO 4
132. S or FeS 2  O 2  SO2  SO3  H2 SO 4
133. CaCO  CaO  H2O
 Ca(OH) 2
3 
134. Cu Cl2
HCl + O2 2Cl2 + 2H2O + Heat
440 °C
135. 2NaOH  Cl 2 (conc) NaCl  NaOCl 2  H2O

136. 2Na 2CO 3 .NaHCO 3 .2H2O () 3Na 2CO 3  CO 2  5H2O
137. 2NaCl  CaCO 3 Na 2 CO 3  CaCl 2
138. NH3  H2O  CO 2 NH 4 .HCO 3
139. NaCl  NH 4 .HCO 3 NaHCO 3  NH 4 Cl
140. 2NaHCO 3 (150 C) o
Na 2CO 3  CO 2  H2O
141. o
CaCO 3 (1100 Climekein) CaO  CO 2
142. CaO  H2O Ca(OH)2
143. 2NH4Cl  Ca(OH)2 2NH3  CaCl 2  2H2O
144. 
H2O  BeH2O4 2  BeH2O3 OH  H3O
145. Ca  2H2O Ca(OH)2  H2
146. Mg  2H2O Mg(OH)2  H2
147. Ca OH2  CO 2 (CO2Excess) CaCO 3  H2O Ca HCO 3 2
148. Ca HCO 3 2  Ca OH2 2CaCO 3  2H2O
149. CaSO 4  Na 2CO 3 CaCO 3  Na 2SO4
150. Mg  2HCl MgCl 2  H2
151. Be  2NaOH  2H2O Na 2 BeOH4   H2
152. Mg  Air MgO + Mg3N2
153. CaCO 3 () CaO  CO 2
154. CaO  H2 O Ca(OH)2
155. 3Ca(OH) 2  2Cl 2 Ca(OCl)2.Ca(OH)2.CaCl2.2H2O
156. BaO 2  2HCl  2H2O Na 2 BeOH4   BaCl 2  H2O 2
o
157. CaSO 4 .2H2O (150 C) CaSO 4 1
CaSO 4 . H2O (200oC) (1100oC) CaO  SO3
2
158. MgSO 4 () MgO  SO3
159. BaSO 4  4C BaS  4CO
160. Warm to 50o C under vacum
 BeNO 3 2 BeNO 3 2 .2N2O 4  BeNO 3 2
N2O4
BeCl 2 
125o c
 Be 4 ONO 3 6
161. BeCl 2  LiAlH4 2BeH2  LiCl  AlCl 3
162. BeB 2H8  2PPh3 BeH2  2Ph3PBH3
163. BeCl 2  2LiBH4  BeB 2H8  2LiCl
164. Ca  H2 CaH 2
165. CaH 2 +2H2O Ca(OH)2  2H2
166. BeH2O4 Cl 2 () Be(OH)2  2HCl
167. BeO  2NH  4HF  NH  BeF  

() BeF2  2NH4F
3 4 2 4
168. BeO  C  Cl 2 (700oC) BeCl 2  CO
169. 2BeO  CCl 4 (800 C) o
2BeCl 2  CO 2
170. CaF2  H2SO4 2HF  CaSO 4
171. HF  KF KHF2 (electrolysis) F2
172. 3Ca  N2 Ca 3N2
173. Ca 3N2  6H2O 3Ca(OH)2  2NH3
174. Be2C  4H2O 2Be(OH)2  CH 4
175. Ca  2C (1100 C) o
CaC 2
176. CaO  3C (2000 C) o
CaC 2  CO
177. CaC 2  2H2O Ca(OH)2  C2H4
178. CaC 2  N2 CaNCN  C
179. CaNCN  5H2O CaCO 3  2NH 4OH
180. CaNCN  H2SO4 H2HCN  CaSO 4
181. CaNCN  CO 2  H2 O H2NCN  CaCO 3
182. H2NCN  H2O (PH <2 or PH >12) H2N.CO.NH 2
183. H2NCN  H2S H2N.CS.NH2
184. 6CO 2  6H2O C6H12O6  6O2
185. 2Al  6HCl 2AlCl3  3H2
186. 2Al  2NaOH  6H2O 2NaAl(OH)4
187. 8Al  3Mn3O4 4Al2O3  9Mn
188. 2Al  Cr2O3 Al2O3  2Cr
189. H3BO3 (100 C)(Red)  HBO 2 (hot) B2O3
o
190. CoO  B 2 O 3 Co(BO2 )2

191. B2O3  P2O5 2BPO4
192. B(OH)3  2H2O H3O+ + [B(OHO4]
193. B(OH) 4  NaOH H3 O   B(OH) 4 
194. Na 2 B4O5 OH4 8H2O  2HCl 2NaCl  4H3BO3  5H2O
195. B O OH 2   5H O 2B(OH)3  2B(OH) 4 
4 5 4 2
196. 2B(OH)   2H O  2B(OH)3  4H2O.
4 3
197. 2NaBO 2  2H2O2O2  6H2O Na 2 (OH)2 B(O  O)2 B(OH)2 .6H2O
198. conc.H2SO4CaF2 2HF  CaSO 4
199. H3BO 3  3HF 2BF3  3H2O
200. B(OH)3  3CH3OH B(OCH3 )3  3H2O
201. H3BO3  4HF H(BF4 )  3H2O
202. 6H2  4BCl 3  C (1700-1800oC) B 4C  12HCl
203. 3Mn3O4  8Al 4Al2O3  9Mn
204. Al(OH)3 (Excess NaOH) NaAl(OH)4
205. 4B(ONe )3  4NaH (250oC highP) NaBH4   3NaB(OMe )4 
206. LiBH4   2H2O LiBO 2  4H2
207. R.CHO (NaBH4) R.CH2OH
208. R R
C O CHOH
R (NaBH4) R
209. LiH  AlCl 3  AlH3 n  (Excess LIH)  Li AlH4 
210. B2O3  3CaF2  Conc .H2SO4 () 2BF3  3CaSO 4 
211. B2O3  6NH4BF4 () 8BF3  6NH3  3H2O
212. C6H6  C2H5F  BF3 C 6H5 .C 2H5  H  BF4 
213. B2O3  6HF  3H2SO4 3BF3  3H2SO4 .H2O
214. Na B O
2 4 5 ( OH) 4   12HF  Na 2 OBF 
3 4   H 2 O 4BF3  2NaHSO 4  H2O
215. 4BF3  12H2O 4H3BO3  12HF

12HF  3H3BO3 3H 3BF4   9H2O
4BF3  3H2O
H3BO3  3H  3BF4 
216. BCl 3  3H2O H3BO3  3HCl
217. CaHS.H  CH3CH2Cl  AlCl3 C 6H5 .CH 2CH 3  H AlCl 4 
218. c 6H6  RCOCl  AlCl3 RCOC 6H5  H AlCl 4 
219. CH2  CH2  HBr C2H5Br
220. 2Bcl3  2Hg ( electric discharg e low pressure) B2Cl 4  HgCl 2
221. GaCl 3  Ga 2GaCl 3
222. In  HCl(gas) 2InCl 2
223. mercury discharge
B4Cl 4 B4Cl 4
Slow
decompose
B8Cl 8.BaCla.B 10Cl 10.B11.Cl 11.B12.Cl 12

224. AlCl 3  2Al (high temp) 3 AlCl
225. Mg B  H PO  B H  
3 2 3 4 4 10 B2H6
226. B2O3  3H2  2Al (750 atm 150 C) o
B2H6  Al2O3
227. 2BF3 (g)  6NaH (180oC) B2H6 (g)  6NaF
228. 4Et 2O.BF3   3LiAlH4  (ether) 2B2H6  3LiAlF4   4Et 2O
229. 2NaBH4   I2 B2H6 ,H2  2NaI
230. Et 2O.BF3   3NaBH4  2B2H6  3NaBF4   4Et 2O
231. B2H6 3C2 2B2O3  3H2O
232. B2H6  6H2O 2H3BO3  3H2
233. B2H6 (800-900oC)(200 atm) B10H14
234. rapidat B2Ha
B 2H6  H2 
o

200250 C
235. slow pyrolysis B 2H9
B 2H 6      o

in scaledtube150 C
236. 1 3(RC  CHR )3
B 2H6  3RCH  CHR
2
237. 1 BRC  CHR 3
B 2H6  3RC  R
2
238. BR3  3CH3COOH 3RH  3(CH3COO )3
239. B(CH2.CH2R)3  H2O2 3RCH 2CH2OH  H3BO3
240. R R
CH B C O
R R
3(H2CrO4)
241. (CH3 .CH2 )3  B (H2CrO4) CH3COOH
242. (CH .CH )  B Co  CH 3 .CH 2 3  CBO2 2CH 3 .CH 2 3  OH
diglyme H O2
3 2 3
243. B2H6  2(Me)3N 2MeN.BH3 
244. B2H6  NH3 ( excessNH3 low temperature) B2H6 .2NH3
245. B2H6  NH3 (high temp) (BN) x
246. B2H6  NH3 ( ratio 2NH3 : 1B2H6 high temp) B3N3H6
247. 3BCl 3  3NH 4Cl (140 C) o
B 3N3H3 Cl 3
248. B 3N3H3 Cl 3 (NaBH4) B3N3H6
249. B3N3H6  3HCl B3N3H9Cl 3
250. B2H6  6H2O 2B(OH)3  6H2
251. B2H6  6MeOH 2B(OMe )3  6H2
252. B2H6  2LiH 2LiBH4 
253. 2B 2H6  2Na NaBH4   NaB3H8  slow
254. B2H6  3Cl 2 B2H5Cl  H2
255. B2H6  3Cl 2 2BCl 3  6HCl
256. BF3  3C2H5MgI B(C2H5 )3
257. AlCl3  3CH3MgI Al(CH3 )3
258. 3 3Et 2 AlH
Al  H2  2Et 3 Al
2
259. Et 2 AlH  H2C  CH2 Et 2 Al  C2H5
260. R3Al
2 CH 3 CH CH2 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 C CH2
Crack CH 2
CH 2 CH C CH2 + CH 4
CH3
261. CaO  3C CaC 2  CO
262. CaC 2  2H2O Ca(OH)2  HC  CH
263. CaC 2  N2 (1100 c) o
CaCNCN   C
264. SiO2  2C Si  2CO
265. Si  C SiC
266. SiC  2NaOH  2O2 Na 2 SiO3  CO 2  H2 O
267. SiC  2Cl 2 SiCl 4
268. H.COOH  H2SO 4 CO  H2O
269. PdCl 2  CO  H2O Pd  CO 2  2HCl
270. 5CO  I2O5 5CO 2  I2
271. 2CO  O2 2CO 2
272. C  H2O (red heat) CO  H2
273. C  O2  4N2  CO 2  4N2 (+C) 2CO  4N2
274. 2C  O2 (+C) 2CO
275. Fe 2O3  3CO (blast furnace) 2Fe  3CO 2
276. CuO  CO (+C) Cu  CO 2
277. Ni  4CO (28oC) Ni(CO )4
278. Fe  5CO ( Fe  5CO under pressure) Fe(CO )5
279. 2Fe(CO )5 (pirolysis) Fe2 (CO)4  CO
280. CrCl 6  3Fe(CO )5 () Cr (CO)6  3FeCl 2  9 CO
281. CO  S COS
282. CO  Cl 2 COCl 2
283. COCl 2  H2O 2HCl  CO 2
284. Cl H2N
C O +2NH 3 ( gas phase ) C O + 2HCl
Cl H2N
285. CO  H2O CO 2  H2
286. CH 4  2H2O CO 2  4H2
287. C6H12O6 ( yeast under anaerobic condition) 2C2H5OH  2CO 2
288. CaCO 3 () CaO  CO 2
289. CaCO 3  2HCl CaCL 2  CO 2  H2O
290. Na CO + CO + H O (cool 2NaHCO3
2 3 2 2 heat )
291. 2HOCH 2CH2NH2  CO 2  H2O (HCH 2CH 2NH3 )2 CO 3
292. CO  2NH ( 180o C pressure) NH CO NH CO(NH2 )2  H2O
2 3 4 2 2
293. Ca(OH)2  CO 2 CaCO 3  H2O
294. CaCO 3  CO 2 H2O  Ca(HCO 3 )2
295. CO 2  H2O H2CO 3
296. NaOH + (H2CO3) ( NaHCO3 Na2CO3 )
297. 6CO 2  6H2O 6CO 2  6H2O  Energy
298. HOOC  CH2  COOH (P4O10150 C) o
O  C  C  C  O  2H2O
299. C3O2  2HCl CH2 (COCl 2 )2
300. C3O2  2NH3 CH2 (CONH 2 )2
301. Na 2CO3  2HCl 2NaCl  CO 2  H2O
302. CaCO 3 () CaO  CO 2
303. CO 2   CO  H O 2HCO 3
3 2 2
304. CH4 4S (600oC) CS 2  2H2S
305. SiO2 + 2CSi + 2CO Si + C SiC
306. SiC + 2NaOH + 2O2  Na2SiO3 + CO2 + H2O , SiC + 2Cl2  SiCl4
307. H. COOH + H2SO4 CO+H2O
308. PdCl2+CO+H2OPd+CO2 + 2HCl , 5CO+I2O55CO2+I2
309. 2CO+O22CO2 Ho=-565 kJ mol
310. C + H2O  redheat
 CO + H2 Ho = + 131 kJ mol-1, So= + 134 kJ mol-1
Water gas
311. C + O2 + 4N2CO2+4N2+C2CO+4N2
air
312. Fe2O3+3CO  blast furnace
 2Fe+3CO2CuO+CO2
313. o
28 C
Ni  4CO 
 Ni(CO) 4
200o Cunder pressure
Fe5CO  Fe(CO)5
photolysis
2Fe(C)O) 5  Fe 2 (CO ) 9  CO
heat
CrCl 6  3Fe(CO ) 5  Cr (CO ) 6  3FeCl 2  9 CO
314. 1 CO  S  COS carbonyl sulphide
CO  O 2  CO 2
2 CO  Cl 2  COCL 2 carbonyl chloride (phosgene )
315. COCl2+H2O 2HCl+CO2
316. CO+H2O CO2 + H2CH4+2H2O4H2
317. yeast under
strong heat
C 6H12 O 6  2C 2H5 OH  2CO 2 , CaCO 3    
 CaO  CO 2
anaerobic conditions
318. CaCO 3  2HCl  CaCl 2  CO 2  H2 O
319. C + O2 CO2
320. cool
Na 2CO3 +CO2 +H2O 2NaHCO3
heat
321. 30-60 °C
2HOCH 2CH 2NH 2+CO 2+H2O (HOCH 2CH 2NH 3)2CO 3
100-150 °C
322. 180o C
CO2+2NH3   NH 4 CO 2NH 2  CO(NH 2 ) 2  H2 O
Pr essue
Ammonium Urea
carbamate
323. Ca(OH)2+CO2 CaCO2 + H2O

324. CaCO3+CO2+H2O H2O Ca(HCO3)2
325. CO2+H2O H2CO3
326. NaHCO3 sodium bicarbonate (acid salt)
Ammonium
NaOH + (H2CO3)
carbamate
Na 2CO3 sodium carbonate (normal salt)
327. sunlight
6CO 2  6H 2 O    C 6 H12 O 6  6O 2
328. C 6H12O 6  6O 2  6CO 2  6H2 O  energy
329. P4O10
HOOC  CH 2  COOH 
o
 O  C  C  C  O  2H2 O
150 C
330. C3 O 2  2HCl  CH 2 (COCl )2
Urea
C3 O  2NH3  CH 2 (CONH 2 ) 2
331. Na 2 CO 3  2HCl  2NaCl  CO 2  H2 O
332. CaCO 3  CaO  CO 2
333. CO32  CO2  H2O  2HCO3
334. 600o C
CH 4  4S  CS 2  2H2S
335. CS 2  cellulose  OH  NaOH
336. 3CS 2  6NaOH Na 2CO 3CS 3  3H2O
337. CS 2  2NH 3 NH 4 H2NCS 2 
338. SiO 2  Si 2SiO
339. SiO 2 H2O Si(OH) 4 or
H2 SO 4  CaF2  HF   SiF4   HF  
SiO 2 .2H 2 O
340. SiO2  NaOH Na 2SiO3 n  Na 4SiO4
341. SiO2  2F2 SiF4  O 2
342. 1400o C 2  Na SiO Na SiO  and other
SiO
Na 2CO 3 
 CO 2  Na 2O 
 4 4 2 3
343. SiCl4 +CH3MgCl CH3SiCl3+MgCl2
344. CH3SiCl3+CH3MgCl (CH3)2SiCl2+MgCl2
345. (CH3)2SiCl2+CH3MgCl (CH3)3SiCl+MgCl2
346. (CH3)3SiCl+CH3MgCl (CH3)4Si+MgCl2
347. 4LiR  SiCl 4 SiR 4  4LiCl
348. Cu catalyst
Si  2CH 3 Cl 
o
CH 3 2 SiCl 2
280300 C
349. SiCl4 + Li[AlH4] SiH4+AlCl3+LiCl

350. SiCl6+6LiH Si2H6+6LiCl
351. Si3Cl8+8NaH Si3H8+8NaCl
352. Si + 2HCl SiH2Cl2
353. Si+3HCl SiHCl3+H2
354. Si+2CH3Cl CH3SiHCl2+C+H2
355. Si 2H 6  4  nH2 O     2SiO 2 .nH 2 O  7H2
traceof alkali
356. RCH=CH2+SiHCl3 RCH2CH2SiCl3

357. SiF4+2F [SiF6]2
358. GeF4+2NMe3 [GeF4.(NMe3)2]
359. SnCl4+2Cl [SnCl6]2
360. SiO2+6HF 2H++[SiF6]2+2H2O
361. CO2+SF4 CF4+SO2
362. SiC+2F SiF4+CF4
363. CF2+Cl2 CF4+Cl2
364. CHCl 3  HF   
SbFCl Catalyst heat
4    CF CIH  C F , C F   
(C 2F4 )n
pressure
2 2 4 2 4
365. FeCl catalyst 30o C
CS 2  3Cl 2 3
 CCl 4  S 2Cl 2
366. FeCl catalyst 60o C
CS 2  2S 2Cl 2 3 CCl 4  6S
367. anhydrous conditions
CCl 4  2HF 
 CCl 2F2  2HCl
SbCl 5 catalyst
368. superhead
CCl 4  H2 O 
 COCl 2  2HCl
steam
369. SiF4  8OH 
SiO 44  4F  4H2 O
370. SiCl 4  4H2O Si(OH) 4  4HCl
371. SiF4  2HF 2H  [SiF6 ] 2
372. SiCl 4  Si Si 2 Cl 6
373. HCl HCl 2-
Sn(OH) 4 SnCl 4 [SnCl 6]
H2O H2O
374. CX2< < SiX2 < GeX2 < SnX2 < PbX2
375. SiF4  Si 2SiF2
376. Pb 2H2 O  [PbOH]   H3 O 
2
377. PbCl 2  LiEt  PbEt 2  Pb  PbEt 4

378. Na / Pb  4EtCl PbEt 4  4NaCl
REACTIONS
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
REACTANT PRODUCT
379. Neutralized Boil Allowed Add 2M Boil again
Soda Neutralized
extract soda extract
with 8 M gently to cool NH3 soln -Excess
HNO3 -CO2 until the NH3
soln becomes
just alkaline
380. MX  Na 2CO 3  M2CO 3   NaX ( Water so lub le)
381. 1
NO 2  H  HNO 2 +2 NO 2  H2 O  2NO  O 2
2
1
NO  O2  NO 2  O2
2
1
NO + O2NO2(brown fumes)
2
382. CO2 / HCO   H  H CO   H O  CO 
3 3 2 3 2 2
Observation : colourless gas comes out with brisk effervescence.
383. SO2 / HSO   H  H SO   H O  SO 
3 3 2 3 2 2
Observation : colourless gas comes out with burning smell of sulphur.
384. S 2  2H  H2 S 
Observation colourless gas with rotten egg smell (offensive smell)
385. S O2  H  S  H SO   
H O  SO 
2 3 2 3 2 2
Observation : white turbidity is observed first which finally produces a white precipitate due to the
presence of free acid. H2SO3 formed is present in the solution and produces SO2 gas on
warming.
386. CH CO   H  
3 2 CH 3 CO 2H 
Observation : vinegar smell is observed on warming.
387. Ca(OH) + CO / SO CaCO H O
2 2 2 3 2
Lime water or
CaSO 3
white turbidity
CaCO 3 + CO 2 + H2O Ca(HCO 3)2
water soluble
CaCO 3 + SO2 + H2O Ca(HSO 3)2
water soluble
388. CO2 + O.A  No reaction
389. SO2+O.A SO 2 observable changes in O.A.
4
390.  H 2 2
MnO 4  SO 2 
 Mn  SO 4  H2 O
Purple colourless / light pink
H
Cr 2 O 72  SO 2 
 Cr 3  SO 24  H2 O
orange green
H
IO 3  strach  SO 2 
(I2  strach)  SO 24
Starch iodate deep blue
Colourless solution
391. FeCl 3  SO 2  H2 O  FeCl 2  SO 24  H 
Yellow solution colourless / light green
392. Br2  water  SO 2  H2 O  SO 2  HBr
4
Red colourless
393. I2  water  SO 2  H2 O  SO 2  HI
4
Violet colourless
394. Cl2 + SO2 + H2O SO 2  HCl
4
395. H2O2 + SO2 SO 2  2H 
4
396. KH1
Kw
CO32  H2O HCO 3  OH  ; K H1 
K a2
397. KH2
Kw
HCO 3  H2 O H2 CO 3  OH  ; K H2 
K a1
398. Reagent formula of the precipitate colour
CaCl2 CaCO3 White
SrCl2 SrCO3 White
BaCl2 BaCO3 White
AgNO3 Ag2CO3 white(very light yellow)
Hg2(NO2)2 Hg3CO3 Yellow
HgCl2 HgCO3 .3HgO Reddish brown
ZnCl2 ZnCO3 . 3Zn(OH)2 white
Pb(OAc)2 Pb(OH)2 . 2PbCO3 white
MgCl2 Mg(OH)2.4MgCO3.6H2O white
CuCl2 Cu(OH)2 . CuCO3 Green
399. w Residue:MCO3 white ppt.-
2-
CO3 solution Excess of confirms presence of CO2ion
3
+ MCl2 solution
HCO 3 solution
is added Filtrate: HCO-3 +M2+ (unreacted)
and filtered + Cl
(i) 
(ii) Add NH3
Reprecipitation of
MCO 3 confirms the
-
presence of HCO 3

400. 2HCO  
3 H2 O  CO 2  CO 32
M2  CO 32  MCO 3

white ppt
HCO 3  NH 3  NH 4  CO 32
M 2  CO 32  MCO 3 
white ppt .
401. CO 2- solution Residue Ag 2CO 3
3 Excess of 2-
confirms presence of CO 3
-
HCO 3 solution AgNO3 solution -
Filtrate : HCO 3- + Ag+ (unreacted)
is added
+NO 3
and filtered
(ii) NH3 (i) 
Clear solution Brownish black ppt.

that is of no use of Ag 2O confirms the
-
presence of HCO 3 ion
402.  Ag 2 CO 3  Ag 2 O  CO 2 
2HCO 3  H2 O  CO 2  CO 32
brownish black ppt

2Ag CO32  Ag2CO3 [unstable under hot conditions]
403. 2-
CO 3 solution Residue : Hg2CO3 yellow ppt.
Excess of
+ - confirms presence of CO2-3 ion
HCO 3 solution Hg2(NO3)2 solution
is added and filtered Filtrate : HCO3- +Hg22+
(ii) NH3 (i) 
Black ppt. Grey ppt. of (Hg + HgO)

but of no use confirms the presence
of HCO3-

404. 2HCO  
3 H2 O  CO 2  CO 32

405. Hg 2  CO 2  Hg CO  [unstable under hot conditions ] Hg CO 
2 3 2 3 2 3 Hg 2 O  CO 2 
406. Hg O  
2 Hg  HgO  (grey ppt)
407. Hg 2  NH 3  HgO.Hg(NH 2 )X  
2
408. Residue: HgCO3. 3HgO reddish
2-
CO 3 solution Excess of brown ppt. confirms presence of CO32- ion
+ -
HCO 3 solution HgCl2 solution
is added Filtrate:
Does not contain any HCO3- ion
because it gets decomposed during the
precipitation of HgCO3. 3HgO
409. 4Hg 2  CO2  3H O  HgCO .3HgO  6H

3 2 3
410. HCO   H  [H CO ]  H O  CO  or CO2 (if any)  H
3 2 3 2 2 3
411. Pb 2  4CO 2  2H O  Pb(OH) 2PbCO  2HCO 
3 2 2 3 3
white ppt .
2
Cu  3CO 32  2H 2 O  Cu(OH) 2 .CuCO 3  2HCO 3
green ppt .
Zn 2  7CO 32  6H 2 O  ZnCO 3 .3Zn (OH) 2  6HCO 3
white ppt .
2
Mg  6CO 32  2H 2 O  Mg(OH) 2 .4MgCO 3 .6H 2 O  2HCO 3
white ppt .
412. HSO 3 solution
x
 No precipitat e
SO 32 solution  MSO 3  or AgSO 3 
x
white ppt
X  CaCl 2 , SrCl 2 , BaCl 2 , Pb(OAc ) 2 , and AgNO 3 solution
413. SO 2  H O HSO 3  OH 
3 2
414. HSO 3  H2 O H2 O 3  OH 
415. HSO 3 solution  H2 O 2  H   SO 2  H2 O
4
neutral final solution becomes acidic
SO 32 solution  H 2 O 2  SO 24  H 2 O
alkaline final solution becomes neutral
    Ag SO  Ag(SO 3 )
416.  2
When SO32  Ag 3
so lub le complex
  
When Ag  SO32  Ag(SO3 ) 
 Ag  Ag2 SO 3 
white ppt .
Ag 2 SO 3  SO 32  2AgSO 3  
on boiling 2AgSO 3   2Ag  SO 24  SO 2 


AgSO 3  H 2 O  2Ag  SO 24  2H 

grey ppt
417. heatedin
Ag2 CO 3 
 Ag 2 O  CO 2  (Thermal decomposit ion)
w ater
brownish
black ppt .

Ag2 SO 3  H2 O  2Ag   H2 SO 4 (Re dox reaction )
black metallic
deposit
418. oxidizing
SO 32 solution  
 SO 24 solution       
precipitating reagent
 MSO 4 
agent
white ppt .
oxidizing
SO 32 solution       
precipitating reagent
 MSO 3   
 MSO 4 
agent
white ppt . 
 
dissolves in dil.
min eral acid 
 
419. SO2  Zn  H  H S  Zn 2  H O
3 2 2
420. H2S  2H2O 2H3 O   S 2
Pb 2 / Cd 2  S 2  PbS / CdS 
421. MnO   H S  H   MN 2  S  H O
4 2 2
purple colourless
Cr 2 O 72 
 H 2 S  H  Cr 3  S  H 2 O
orange green
_
I3  H 2 S  I  H   S 
dark brown colourless
Br2  water  H 2 S  Br  H  S 
red colourless
422. Cl 2  H2 S  S  2HCl
white ppt
S  4H2 O  3Cl 2  H 2 SO 4  6HCl
4Cl 2  4H2 O  H2 S  H2 SO 4  8HCl
423. SH   OH 
S 2  H2 O
SH  H2 O H2 S  OH 
424. Ba(OH) 2  Ba(SH) 2
BaS  2H2 O
both are water so lub le
425. S 2 solution  H  H2 S 
426. S 2 solution  Na 2 Fe(CN)5 NO  Na 4 Fe(CN)5 NOS 
427. -
O O
2-
S + NO N N
-
S S
Thionitrite ion
428. H2S( weak acid)  2H2O 2H3 O   S 2
429. S 2 solution / or H2 S gas  AgNO 3 solution  Ag2 S  ; black ppt
430. S 2 solution / or H2 S gas  Pb(OAc ) 2 solution  PbS  ; black ppt
431. S 2 solution / or H2 S gas  Cd(OAc ) 2 solution  Cds  ; yellow ppt
432. Me 2N NMe 2
2-
+S or H 2S + 2+ + +
+ Fe + NH 4 +H
NH2
- H2N
N, N dimethyl
NMe 2 S +NMe 2
-
p phenylenediamine
N
Methylene blue
433. NaN 3  KI3  No reaction
colourless dark brown
tracesof S2
2N3  I3    3N 2  3I 
solution
434. CaCl2
No ppt
2-
S2O 3 solution
White ppt. of BaS2O3 from moderately

BaCl2 conc. solution and on rubbing the wall
of the test tube, precipitation gets
accelerated
435. on
S 2 O32 (solution)  H  S  H2 SO3 
 H2 O  SO 2 
w armin g
436. _
I2 (dissolved in KI solution )  KI3  S 2 O 32 (soluiton )  3I  S 4 O 26  K 
Dark brown colourless
(I2  starch)  S 2 O 32 (solution ) I 
 S 4 O 26  strach
deep blue colourless
solutuion
437. Aqueous suspension
Black ppt.
is heated
2-
S 2O 3 solution + Precipitating reagent white ppt.
Excess S2O32-
Clear solution
solution is added
438. Reagent Formula of precipitate Formula of clear solution

White Black
Ag+ (AgNO3) Ag2S2O3 Ag2S [Ag(S2O3)2]3-
Pb2+ (Pb(OAc)2) PbS2O3  PbS [Pb(S2O3)2]2-
Hg2+(Hg(NO3)2) HgS2O3 HgS [Hg(S2O3)2]2-
Bi3+(BiCl3) Bi2(S2O3)  Bi2S3 [Bi(S2O3)3]3-
Cu2+(CuSO4) Cu2S2O3 Cu2S [Cu6(S2O3)5]4-
439. Mn  S O 2  M (S O )  (Except Cu 2 )
2 3 2 2 3 n
2Cu 2  2S 2 O 32  2Cu   S 4 O 32

2Cu   S 2 O 32  Cu 2 S 2 O 3 
white ppt
440. M2 (S 2 O 3 )n  nH 2 O  M2 S n  nH 2 SO 4
black ppt
441. FeCl  S O 2  Initially violet colouratio n 
on s tan ding
  Light green solution
3 2 3
solution solution
442. Fe 2  2S O 2  [Fe(S O )]  ; [Fe(S O )]   Fe 3  2Fe 2  S O 2
2 3 2 3 2 3 4 6
violet colouratio n light green
443. S2O32 solution CN  SCN 
 SO32
FeCl3
Fe(SCN)3
Observation: Blood red colouration due to the formation of Fe(SCN)3
444. S O 2  [Ni(en ) ] (NO )  [Ni(en ) ]S O  2NO 

2 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 3
neutral or violet ppt
slightly
alkaline
445. Ag   NO 2  AgNO 2 
white crystalline ppt .
446. NO 2  H  HNO 2 

HNO 2 and N2 O 2 are responsibl e for transient blue colouratio n
2HNO 2  H2 O  N2 O

3HNO 2  HNO 3  2NO  H 2 O
2NO  O 2  2NO 3
brown
fumes
447. NO   H  HNO
2 2
3HNO 2  H2 O  HNO 3  2NO 
[Fe(H2 O) 6 ] 2  NO  [Fe(H2 O)5 NO] 2
448. acidified
w ithdil.AcOH
(KI solution  starch)  Nitrite solution     Deep blue colouratio n
or dil H2SO 4
449. 2NO 2  2I   4H  I2 2NO  2H2 O
I2  starch  Deep blue colouratio n
450. I2  CCl 4 / CHCl 3 / CS 2  violet layer is observed.
I2  excessKI  Dark brown colouration due to the formation of K I3
451. NO 2  MnO 4  H  NO 3  Mn 2  H2 O
purple colourless
452. NO   NH  
2 4 N2  2H2O
453. CO(NH 2 ) 2  2HNO 2  2N2  CO 2  3H2 O
454. CS(NH )  HNO  N  H  SCN   2H O
2 2 2 2 2
3SCN   Fe 3  Fe(SCN) 3
blood red
colour
455. HO.SO 2 .NH 2  HNO 2  N2  2H   SO 2  H2 O
4
456. NO 2  N3  2H  N2  N2O  H2 O
N3  H  NH 3 
457. + -
NH2 N N] CH 3CO 2
-
+NO 2 +CH 3 CO 2H +2H 2O
SO3H SO3H
+ -
N N CH 3CO 2
+ HO 3S N N NH 2 +CH 3 CO 2H
-
Red azo dye
SO3H NH2
458. CH3 CO 2 Ag, (CH3 CO 3 )2 Hg 2 ,Fe(OH)2 (CH3 CO 2 )
459. HCO 2 Ag, (HCO 2 )2 HO 2 , FE(OH)2 (HCO 2 ) and Pb(HCO 2 )2
460. C 2 O 2  MNO 2  H   MN2  CO 2  H2 O
4
461. HCO   H SO  HCO H  HSO 
2 2 4 2 4
HCO 2H  H2 SO 4 (conc )  H2 O  CO 
462. PdCl 2  H2 O  CO  Pd  2HCl  CO 2 
463. C 2 O 2  2H  (conc )  H2 C 2 O 4
4
H2 C 2 O 4  H2 SO 4 (conc )  H2 O  CO  CO 2 
strong
dehydratin g agent
464. 
Acetate CH 3 CO 2  Ag   CH 3 CO 2 Ag        Clear solution
(aq. suspension)

Formate HCO 2  Ag   HCO 2 Ag       Black ppt
(aq. sup ension)

Oxalate C 2 O 24  2Ag   Ag 2 C 2 O 4       No change
(aq. suspension)
white ppt .
465. CH CO  (s)  H SO (conc )  CH CO H  HSO 
3 2 2 4 3 2 4
CH 3 CO 2H  C 2H5 OH  CH 3 CO 2 C 2H5  H 2 O
(96 %)
466. HCO Na  H SO  HCO H  Na   HSO 
2 2 4 2 4
HCO 2H  C 2H5 OH  HCO 2 C 2H5  H2 O
467. C 2 O 2  C 2H5 OH  conc .H2 SO 4  No such observation.
4
468.
Reagent
Radical CaCl2 BaCl2 HgCl2
CH 3 CO 2   
HCO 2   
C 2 O 24   
 = Does not respond to the test

 = Responds to the test.
469. M2  C O 2  MC O  ( where M2  Ca 2 , Ba 2
2 4 2 4
white ppt .
470. HgCl  2HCO   Hg Cl  2Cl   CO  CO  H O
2 2 2 2 2 2
white ppt
Hg 2 Cl 2  2HCO 3  2Hg  2Cl   CO  CO 2  H 2 O
black ppt .
471. on
 FeCl 3  [Fe(OH) 2 (CH 3 CO 3 ) 6 ]    Fe(OH) 2 (CH 2 CO 2 )
CH 3 CO 2 heating
or solution or red ppt .

3
HCO 2 [Fe(HCO 2 ) 6 ] Fe(OH) 2 (HCO 2 ) 
red colouratio n red ppt .
C 2 O 24  FeCl 3  No such observation
472. 3Fe 3  6CH CO   2H O  [Fe(OH) (CH CO ) ] 
3 2 2 2 3 2 6
[Fe(OH) 2 (CH 3 CO 2 ) 6 ]   4H 2 O  3[Fe(OH) 2 (CH 3 CO 2 )]  3CH 3 CO 2H  H 
red ppt
3Fe  6HCO 2  [Fe 3 (HCO 2 ) 6 ] 3
3
[Fe 3 (HCO 2 ) 6 ] 3  H 2 O  3[FE(OH) 2 (HCO 2 )]  3HCO 2H  3H 

red ppt .
473. H3C CH3

+  +2Na 2CO 3 +2CO 2
4CH 3CO 2Na As2O3 As O As
H3C CH3
cacodyl oxide
474. 2HCO 2Na  H2 SO 4  2HCO 2H  Na 2 SO 4
2HCO 2H  HgO  (HCO 2 ) 2 Hg  H2 O
2(HCO 2 ) 2 Hg  (HCO 2 ) 2 Hg  HCO 2H  CO 2 
(HCO 2 ) 2 Hg 2  2Hg  HCO 2H  CO 2 
475. w armed
MnSO 4 solutuion  NaOH        MnO(OH) 2 
in presenceof air (O )
hydrated MNO 2
476. 7C O 2  2Mn(O)(OH)  8H  2[Mn(C O ) ] 3  2CO  6H O
2 4 2 2 4 3 2 2
red colorurati on
477. SC O 2  2MnO   16H   10CO  2Mn 2  8H O
2 4 4 2 2
purple colourless
light pink

478. Cl  H  HCl 
NH 3  HCl  NH 4 Cl 
479. Br  H   HBr
2HBr  H2 SO 4  Br2  SO 2  2H2 O
oxidizing
agent
480. I   H   HI
2HI  H2 SO 4  I2  SO 2  2H2 O
oxidizing
agent
481. 2X   MnO  4H  
2 MN 2  X 2  2H2 O
482. Chloride Cl   Ag  AgCl  white ppt
Bromide Br   Ag  AgBr  Pale yellow ppt
Iodide I  Ag  AgI  yellow ppt
483.
Solvent
Reagent
Precipitate NH3 HNO3 Na2S2O3 NaCN/KCN
AgCl Completely soluble Insoluble soluble soluble

AgBr Partially soluble Insoluble soluble soluble
AgI Insoluble Insoluble soluble soluble
484. 3AgCl  Na 3 AsO3  Ag3 AsO3  3Cl 

485. Chloride - 2+ on
2Cl + Pb PbCl2 Clear solution
warming
cooled
slowly
White needle like
crystals reappear
- 2+
Bromide 3Br +Pb PbBr 2
white ppt
on boiling
cooled
White ppt. reappears Clear solution
IOdide
-
2I +Pb
2+
PbI2  No change
yellow ppt.
486. warm Deep red vapours of CrO2Cl2
Salt chloride (s) + K2Cr2O7(s) + conc. H2SO4
1 part 3parts is added gently are formed
just to wet Passed through
Two solids are intimately the mixture conc. NaOH
mixed togegther solution
Yellow solution is
observed which confirms
the presence of Cl- ion
487. 4Cl   Cr 2 O 2  6H   2CrO 2 Cl 2  3H2 O
7
CrO 2 Cl 2  4OH   CrO 24  2Cl   2H2 O
488. Br   Cr 2 O 2  H   Br2  Cr 3  H2 O
7
I   Cr 2 O 72  H   I2  Cr 3  H2 O
489. X  2OH   X   XO H O 

2 2
  
Colourless solution
3 X 2  6OH  5 X  XO 3  3H2 O

490. 2Br   Cl 2Cl   Br
2 2
2I   Cl 2  2Cl   I2
491. 6Br   8HNO 3  Br2  2NO  6NO 3  4H2 O
Br Br
HO O CH2 HO O O
+ - -
+4Br +4H
C Br C Br
4Br 2
CO 2H COOH
Yellow coloured Red coloured eosin

fluorescein or tetrabromofluorescein
492. 2Br  PbO 2  4CH 3 CO 2H  Br2  Pb 2  4CH 3 CO 2  2H2 O

493. Na 2S2O3
CuSO 4  KI(excess)  Dark brown appearance  white ppt .
solution
2  
2Cu  2I  2Cu  I2

2Cu 2I   2CUI 
white ppt .

I2  I  I3
494. 2S 2 O 32  I3  3I  S 4 O 26
colourless
495. 2I   HgCl  HgI  2Cl 
2 2
HgI 2  2I   [HgI 4 ] 2
496. 6I _  Cr 2 O 2  4H   I2  2Cr 3  7H2 O
7
2I   2NO 2  4H   I2  2Fe 2
497. 2Ce4  ASO2  H O  2Ce3  ASO3H
3 2 4
498. 2Ce 4  3I   2Ce 3  I 
3
ASO 32  I3  H2 O  AsO34  3I   2H 
499. 4NO   2H SO  4NO  O  2SO 2  2H O
3 2 4 2 2 4 2
2NO 3  4H2 SO 4  3Cu  3Cu 2  2NO  4SO 24  4H2 O

.2NO  O  2NO 2 
500. 2NO 3  4H 2 SO 4  6Fe 2  6Fe 3  2NO  4SO 2  4H 2 O
4
[Fe(H 2 O) 6 ] 2  NO  [Fe(H 2 O) 5 NO ] 2  H 2 O
501. [Fe(H2 O)5 NO]  H2 O  [Fe(H2 O) 6 ] 2 NO 
502. NO 3  4Zn  7OH   6H2 O  NH 3  4[Zn (OH) 4 ] 2
3NO 3  8 Al  5OH  18H 2 O  3NH 3  8[ Al(OH) 4 ] 
503. 2[HgI 4 ] 2  3OH   NH 3  HgO.Hg(NH 2 ) I  7I   2H2 O
brown ppt .
504. Mn 2  H 2 O  No reaction
Mn 2  H 2 O 2  2OH   MnO(OH) 2  H 2 O
505. NO 3  Zn  2AcOH  NO 2  Zn 2  2AcO  H2 O
506. dil.min eral
SO 24  M 2  MSO 4   Inso lub le
acid
white ppt .
507. SO 2 (solution)  Pb 2  PbSO 
4 4
white ppt.
508. SO 2  Hg 2  2H O  HgSO .2HgO  4H
4 2 4
yellow ppt .
509. (KMnO  SO 2 )solution  BaCl  BaSO  
H2O2
 BaSO 4 
4 4 2 4
pink ppt . stillremains pink
510. 100o C 140o C 500o C
B(OH)3  HBO 2  H2B 4 O 7 
 B 2 O 3
orthoboric acid metaboric pyroboric anhydride
acid acid acid
511. Othoborate BO33  3H2O B(OH)3  3OH 
Pyroborate B 4 O 72  7H 2 O 4B(OH)3  2OH 
Metaborate BO 2  2H2 O B(OH)3  OH 
512. cold conditon
No visible observation
Borate + conc. H2SO4
on heating
H3BO3 white fumes are observed
513. 3MeOH  B(OMe )3  3H2 O
 conc.H2SO4
B(OH)3  or   or

3EtOH  B(OEt )3  3H2 O
514. B O 2  4Ag   H O  4AgBO  2H 
4 7 2 2

2AgBO 2  3H2 O  Ag2 O  2H3BO 3
515. B O 2  2M2  H O  2M(BO )  2H
4 7 2 2 2
white ppt .
Borax  heated w ith
  Initially swells up & finally contracts int o transparen t glassy bead
powder  the help of Pt w ireloop
transparen t glassy bead
516. + - +
H3BO3 H2O [B(OH) 4] +H
O O
OH -
+[B(OH) 4] + HO C +4H2O
OH HO
O O
517. HPO 2  3 Ag   Ag PO  H 
4 3 4
yellow ppt
Ag3 PO 4  2H   H 2PO 4  3 Ag 
Ag3 PO 4  6NH 3  3[ Ag(NH 3 )]   PO 34
518. HPO 2  Ba 2  BaHPO 
4 4
white ppt
2HPO 24  3Ba 2  2NH 3  Ba 3 (PO 4 ) 2  2NH 4
519. HPO 24  Fe 3  FePO 4  H 
520. MgCl  NH CL  NH OH  HPO 2  Mg(NH )PO  H O  NH Cl  2Cl 
2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4
Magnesia mixture white ppt .
521. HPO 2  2NH   12MoO 2  23H  (NH ) [P(MoO ) ]  12H O
4 4 4 4 3 10 4 2
canary yellow ppt .
522. O- O
O- O +
O O O O H Cr
O O 2H+ H+
Cr
Cr Cr Cr O O
OH-
- - OH -
- - OH- O O
O O O O O- Cr
Chromate Dichromate Cr
O O
yellow orange O
O
Cr
Cr
- O
-
O
O O
Trichromate Cr
orange - red -
O O
Tetrachromate
-
dark red
523. CrO 2 solution  Ca 2  No.ppt
4
 Sr 2  SrCrO 4   
AcOH
 So lub le
yellow ppt .
 Ba 2  BaCrO 4 

yellow ppt .  AcOH
  
 Inso lub le
 Pb 2  PbCrO 4 

yellow ppt . 
524. Cr 2 O 2  2Ba 2  Ag 2 CrO 4 
7
brick red ppt .
Cr 2 O 72 
 2Ag  Ag 2 Cr 2 O 7 
reddish  brown ppt
Ag 2 Cr 2 O 7  H 2 O  Ag 2 CrO 4  2H   CrO 24
brick red ppt .
525. 2- H + / H2O2
CrO 4 on standing
Blue solution Green solution
or
2- H2O2 / H+ in
Cr 2O7
Permanent blue colour is obtained
Presence of org
solvents like Et2O
or amyl alcohol
or pyridine
CrO 24  H 2 O 2  2H   CrO 5  3H 2 O
526. 4CrO 3  12H  4Cr 3  7O 2  6H2 O
527. 2 H
 SO 3 / SO 2   SO 4  Cr 3  H 2 O
2
CrO 24 
 H
or 2
  H 2 S / S   S  Cr 3  H 2 O

Cr 2 O 72   Fe 2  H
 Fe 3  Cr 3  H 2 O
H
 Br  / I  
 Br2 / I2  Cr 3  H 2 O
H
 Cl  (salt ) 
 Cr 2 O 2 Cl 2  H2 O
 HCl(conc .)  Cl 2  Cr 3  H2 O
H
[CH 3 CHO ]  CH 3 CO 2H  Cr 3  H2 O
 C 2H5 OH 
H
 NO 2 soluton 
 NO 3  Cr 3  H 2 O
 O 2  Cr 3  H 2 O
hot
 H 2 SO 4 (conc.) 
cold
 H 2 SO 4 (conc.)  CrO 3  H 2 O
dark
red crystals
528. H
MnO 4  S 2 / H 2 S 
 Mn 2  S  H 2 O
H
 SO 32 / SO 2 
 Mn 2 Fe 3  H 2 O
H
 Fe 2 
 Mn 2  Fe 3  H 2 O
H
 I  
 Mn 2  I2H 2 O
H
 NO 2 
 Mn 2  NO 3  H 2 O
H
 C 2 O 24 
 Mn 2  CO 2  H 2 O
H
 Cl  (salt ) 
 No reaction
 conc.HCl  Mn 2  Cl 2  H 2 O
H
 Mn 2  O 2  H 2 O
 H 2 O 2 
529. 1
2MnO 4  2OH   MnO 24  O 2  H2 O
2
green
solution
3MnO 24  3H2 O  2MnO 4  MnO(OH) 2  4OH
Purple colour
is restored

530. 2KMnO 
4 K 2MnO 4  MnO 2  O 2 
531. heated 
ZnO(white) ZnO(yellow)
cold cooled hot
532. 
CuSO 4 .5HlO   CuSO 4
5H2O
blue white
533. 
CoCl 2 .6H 2 O   CoCl 2
6H2O
pink blue
534. Salt Colour of the precipitate Formula of the precipitate
HgCl2 Black HgS
Hg2Cl2 Black Hg+HgS
AS2O3 Yellow AS2S3
Sb2O3 Orange Sb2S3
NH4 No reaction
535. HgCl 2  S 2  HgS   2Cl 
black ppt .
Hg 22  Hg  Hg 2 2 Hg   HgS  2H 
H S
black ppt
M 2 O 3  6HCl  2MCl 3  3H 2 O
2M3  3S 2  M 2 S 3 
536. HgS  Na 2 S  [HgS 2 ] 2  2Na 
colourless
so lub le complex
(Hg  HgS )  Na 2 S  Hg   [HgS 2 ] 2  2Na 
black ppt Colourless
so lub le
complex
537. heated to on cooling
HgI2
HgI2 HgI2
scarlet red 127 °C yellow to room temp. yellow
on application of
mechanical stres only
538. Metal Colour observed
Na+ Golden yellow flame
K+ Violet (lilac) flame
Li+ Carmine red flame
Ca2+ Brick re flame
Sr2+ Crimson red flame
Ba2+ Apple green flame
Cu2+ / borate Green flame
539. Metal colour of the flame with Colour of the flame through double
naked eye (cobalt ) gas
Na+ Golden yellow Flame disappears
K+ Violet (lilac) Crimson red flame
Na+ + K+ Golden yellow Crimson red flame
540. 
Na 2B 4 O 7 .10H 2 O   
 2NaBO 2  B 2 O 3
10H2O
glassy bead
541. MO  B 2O3  M(BO 2 ) 2
542.
Metal Oxdizing flame Reducing flame
Hot cold Hot Cold
Cr Yellow Green Green Green
Mn Violet Violet Colourless Colourless
Fe Yellowish brown Yellow Green Green
Co Blue Blue Blue Blue
Ni Violet Reddish brown Grey Grey
Cu Green Blue Colourless Opaque*
* This opacity is due to red colour metallic copper deposition.
543. MnO  Na 2 CO 3  O 2  Na 2MnO 4  CO 2 
green bead
544. 2Cr 2 O 3  4Na 2 CO 3  3O 2  4Na 2 CrO 4  4CO 2 
545.
Groupno. Metal ion present Group reagent precipitate obtained Filtrate
I Ag  , Hg 22 .Pb 2 Dil. HCl AgCl, PbCl 2 , Hg 2 Cl 2 Filtrate is ready for

(all are white) group II tests
Cu ,2 2
Sn , Pb 2
dil. HCl  H2 S Ms 

Cd 2 , Hg 2 MS 2 Colour will be ** Filtrate is ready for
discussed later
II As 3 , Sb 3 , Bi 3 M2 S 3  Group III
 tests
As 5 Sb 5 , Sn 4 M2 S 5 
546. Group. Metal ion present Group reagent Precipitate obtained filtrate
No
III Al3 , Cr 3  Fe 3 NH 4 Cl  NH 4 OH Al(OH)3 : white ppt. Filtrate is
Cr (OH)3 : green ppt ready for
Fe(OH)3 : Reddish brown ppt test
NiS 
IV Ni 2 , Co 2 , Mn 2 , Zn 2 NH 4 OH  H2S black ppt Filtrate is ready
CoS 
MnS: buff of flesh coloured ppt for group
ZnS: white V test
Filtrate is
CaCO 3 
 ready for
V Ca 2 , Sr 2  Ba 2 NH 4 Cl  (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 SrCO 3 white ppt .
BaCO 3 
Group VI
tests
2
First part if white ppt . appears  Mg is
The filatrate from Group
VI  Na 2HPO 4  NH 4 Cl confirmed .
V is divided int o two parts
 NH 4 OH If no ppt .  Mg 2 is absent .
Second Part is
evaporated to dryness
Na  or K  or (Na   K  )can be
and taking the solid
confirmed if present
residue (if any ) , flame
test is performed
547. H2 S 2H   S 2
HCl  H   Cl 
548. H2 S 2H   S 2
NH 4 OH NH 4  OH 
549. NH 4 OH NH 4  OH 
NH 4 Cl  NH 4  Cl
550. NH 4  CO 3  2NH   CO 2
2 4 3
NH 4 Cl  NH 4  Cl 
551. NH   CO2  NH  HCO 
4 3 3 3
552. H2 S  2NH 4 OH  2NH   S 2  2H2 O
4
553. Ag  : AgCl white ppt
Pb 2 : PbCl white ppt
Hg 22 Hg 2 Cl 2 white ppt
554. Colourless
soluble complex
Pb(OH)2 Soluble
Pb(OH)2 [Pb(OH)4]2-
Sn(OH)2
Sn(OH)2 [Sn(OH)4]2-
Sn(OH)4
Sn(OH)4 [Sn(OH)6]2-
Cd(OH)2
Sb2O3 [SbO2]-
Sb2O3
Excess Al(OH)3 [Al(OH)4]2-
Bi(OH)3
NaOH Zn(OH)2 [Zn(OH)4]2-
Al(OH)3
*Fe(OH)2
Zn(OH)2
**Mn(OH)2
Mg(OH)2 Cd(OH)2
Insoluble
Bi(OH)3
Fe(OH)2
Mn(OH)2
Mg(OH)2
*Fe(OH)2 : Greenish white or dirty green pp
** Mn(OH)2 : pinkish white ppt
These two colours are very light and hence are listed with white precipitates
555. Brownish black precipitate
excessNaOH
Ag2 O   Inso lub le
excessNaOH
H 2 O     Inso lub le
Yellow precipitate:
excessNaOH
HgO     Inso lub le
Blue Pr ecipitate
excessNaOH
Cu(OH) 2  Inso lub le
If X  Cl , NO 3 , then CO(OH)X  CO(OH) 2
excessNaOH
pink ppt .
Cr (OH) 3    [Cr (OH) 4 ] 
excessNaOH
Green Pr ecipitate :
green solution
excessNaOH
Ni(OH) 2     Inso lub le
Re ddish  brown Pr ecipitate :
excessNaOH
Fe(OH) 3     Inso lub le
556. Pb(OH)2
Soluble
Sn(OH)2 Zn(OH)2 [Zn(NH3)4]2+
Sn(OH)4 Cd(OH)2 [Cd(NH3)4]2+
Cd(OH)2 Al(OH)3 is partially soluble inNH3.
Sb2O3
Bi(OH)3 Exces
Al(OH)3 NH 4OH
*Fe(OH)2
Zn(OH)2
**Mn(OH)2
Mg(OH)2
HgO.Hg(NH2)X. Rest are insouble
Insoluble
in NH4OH
*Fe(OH)2 : Greenish white or dirty green precipitate
** Mn(OH)2 : Pinkish white precipitate
These two colours are very light and hence are listed with white precipitates
557. Ag  
NH 4OH
[ Ag(NH 3 ) 2 ]  Inso lub le
excessNH OH
 Ag2 O 4
Hg 22 
4  NH OH excessNH OH
 2Hg  HgO.Hg(NH 2 )X  4
 Inso lub le
558. excess
[CuNH 3 ) 4 ] 2 ; deep blue solulble
Cu(OH) 2   
NH 4 OH
excess readily
[Co(NH 3 ) 6   [CoNH 3 ) 6 ] 3  e
Co(OH)X   
NH 4 OH oxidizesto
brownish  yellow pink solution
solution
excess
Cr (OH) 3  [Ni(NH 3 ) 6 ] 2 ; deep blue solution
NH 4OH
excess
Fe(OH) 2  Inso lub le
NH 4
559. Bi 3 (solution )  Na 2 SnO 2 (solution )  Bi  [Sn(OH) 6 ] 2  2Na 
or or black
(i)
metallic
Bi(OH) 3 Na 2 [Sn(OH) 4 ] deposit
BiO.OH  

or   H2 O  BiO 3  H  H2 O
Bi(OH) 3 
(ii) yellowish brown solution due
to bismuthate (BrO 3 )ion
560.
Reagent Cations forming their sulphide precipitate
Dil. HCl + H2S Group II and Group I cations except Ag+

H2S is directly passed Group II and Group I cations plus Zn2+
(NH4)2 S or Na2S Group II. Group I and Group IV cations plus Fe2+
561. dil.HCl
Ag  
 AgCl ( which does not convert int o Ag2 S at all)
H2S
Filtrate H2S
(Pb2+ + 2Cl-) in presence PbS
of dil. HCl black ppt.
Pb2+ dil. HCl
and filtered
Residue H2S
PbCl2(s) in presence PbS
of dil. HCl black ppt.
H2S
Filtrate No ppt
in presence
of dil.HCl
Hg22+ dil HCl
and filtered
Residue H2S (Hg + HgS)

Hg2Cl2(s) in presence black ppt
of dil.HCl
2+ + 2-
Zn + H2S ZnS + 2H + SO4
as ZnSO 4 white ppt
solution
562. Zn 2  H2 S  2CH 3 CO 2  ZnS  2CH 3 CO 2H
563. Fe 3  dil.HCl  H2 S  white ppt. (A)
564. add
Fe 3  (NH 4 ) 2 S / Na 2 S  Black ppt. (B)  white ppt.(A )
dil.H2SO4
565. 2Fe 3 2 
 H 2 S  2Fe S  2H
white ppt
(A)
Fe 2  H2 S  No ppt
dil .HCl
2Fe 3  S 2  2Fe 2  s
white ppt
2Fe 2  2S 2  2FeS 
black ppt
FeS  H2 SO 4 (dil)  FeSO 4  H2 S 
566. dil . HCl
No ppt.
+H2S
+3 +3
Al or Cr
(NH4)2 S or Al(OH)3 ; white ppt
Na2S
Cr(OH)3 : green ppt
567. S 2  H2 O SH _  OH 
568. MS / M2 S / M2 S 3  HNO 3  M(NO 3 ) x  S  NO  H 2 O
 In aqua regia (3HCl  HNO 3 ) , all are so lub le and the reaction is :
M2 Sn  (3HCl  HNO 3 )  MCl n  S  NO  H 2 O
569. Ag  
KI excessKI
AgI     No change
yellow ppt
Pb 2  PbI 2     [PbI 4 ] 2
KI excessKI
yellow ppt . colourless so lub le complex

Hg 22 [HgI 4 ] 2
KI excessKI
 Hg 2I2     Hg  
green ppt black ppt colourless so lub le complex
Using KI, group I cations are well distinguished.
Hg 2  [HgI 4 ] 2
KI excessKI
HgI 2  
scarlet red ppt colourless so lub le complex
Bi 3  [BiL 4 ] 
KI excessKI
BiI3  
brownish  black ppt ornange to yellow solution
depending upon concentrat ion
570. treated
Cu 2 solution  KI  Dark brown appearnace 
 white ppt
w ithhyposolution
2  
2Cu  2I  2Cu  I2
2Cu   2I  (excess)  2CuI  ; white ppt .
I2  I  (excess)  I3 : dark brown appearnace
571. I  2S O 2  3I  S O 2
3 2 3 4 6
overall colourless
572. NH3
Hg 22  CrO 24  Hg 2 CrO 4     Hg  Hg(NH 2 )X 
solution
brick red black ppt
NH3
Ag   CrO 24  Ag 2 CrO 4    [ Ag(NH 3 ) 2 ]  CrO 24
solution
brick red ppt (colourless ) ( yellow )
yellow solution
573. Ag  
KCN
[ Ag(CN) 2 ] 
excessKCN
 AgCN     
white ppt . colourless
so lub le complex
Pb 2  Pb(CN) 2     
KCN excessKCN
 Inso lub le
white ppt
Hg 22
KCN
 Hg  Hg(CN) 2
black ppt
574. KCN (CN)2
Cu(CN)2 quickly CuCN +
Cu2+ white ppt
decomposes cyanogen
yellow ppt
excess KCN
H2S [Cu(CN)4]3-
No ppt
colourless
passed
soluble complex
2+ KCN Cd(CN)2 excess KCN Cd(CN)4]2-

Cd
white ppt colourless
soluble complex
H2S passed
CdS
yellow ppt
575. Residue
H2S
(Cu 2+
+Cd 2+
) + Excess KCN [Cu(CN)4] 3- CdS
+ Passed and
Filtrate
[Cd(CN)4]2- filtered
[Cu(CN)4]3-
KCN Fe(CN)3 excess KCN K4[Fe(CN)6]
Fe2+
yellowish -brown ppt. pale yellow solution
KCN Fe(CN)3 excess KCN K3[Fe(CN)6

Fe3+
yellow solution
reddish -brown ppt.
576. Cu 2  K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ]  Cu 2 [Fe(CN) 6 ]  ; chocolate brown ppt .
Cu 2  K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]  Cu 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 2  ; green ppt .
577. Cu 2  4NH 3 [Cu(NH3)4]2+
578. With acetic acid
K 4 [Fe (CN )6
   
 Cu 2 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 
CH3CO 2H
Cu  4NH 3 
2
 chocolate brown ppt
2
 K 3 [Fe (CN )6 ]
[Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ]      Cu 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 2 
CH3CO 2H
green ppt .
2+
With Zn
Zn 2  K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ]  K 2 Zn 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 2 
white ppt
Zn 2  K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]  No observatio n
Fe 2  K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ]      K 2Fe[(CN) 6 ]  ( white ppt )
in absenceof air
579. Fe 3  [Fe(CN) ] 4  [Fe [Fe(CN) ] 

6 4 6 3
redox reaction Pr ussian blue ppt .
first
Fe 2  [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3  [Fe 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ) 2 
Turnbull ' s blue ppt
(det ected earlier )
580. Fe3+ + [ Fe (CN)6]3 Fe[Fe(CN)6 ] : brown colouration
reducing agent
H2O2
SnCl2
solution
solution
Fe4 [Fe(CN)6]3
Prussian blue ppt.
581. HPO42-
Ag+ NH3
Ag3P4 + H+ [Ag(NH3)2]+
solution
yellow ppt soluble complex
Fe3+ FePO4 H+ NH3

Insoluble
yellow ppt solution
582. HPO42-
Pb 2+ Pb3 (PO4)2 +H+
White ppt
Hg 2
2+ HPO42-
Hg 2HPO 4
white ppt
583. HPO42-
Al 3+
AlPO4 + H+
white ppt
HPO42-
2+
Zn Zn3 (PO4)2 + H+
White ppt
2+
HPO42-
Ba Ba3(PO4)2 +H+
Mg2+ HO42- +(NH4OH +NH4Cl) Mg(NH4)PO4
White ppt
584. Mn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 
Mn 2  HPO 24
pink ppt
585. Cu2+
KSCN
Cu(SCN)2 slowly CuSCN + (SCN)2
decomposes white ppt
black ppt thiocyanogen gas
Excess
KSCN
[Cu(SCN)4]3-
complex colourless
soluble
For Fe3+
This test is specific for Fe3+ even in the presence of Fe2+
NaF
SCN-
3+
Fe Fe(SCN)3 Colour becomes
blood red HgCl2 faded in both cases
colourless
Fe(SCN)3 + 6F- [ FeF6 ]3- 3SCn-

The reason is that :
2Fe(SCN)3 +3HgCl2 colourless 2FeCl3 + 3Hg (SCN)2
(Yellow) (colourless)
overall light yellow
586. Test with Na2CO3 or K2CO3 solution
Na2 CO3 dil. HCl
M2+ (Ca2+ , Sr2+ , Ba2+ ) or MCO3 MCl2 / M (MO3)2
or dil. HNO3
K2CO3 solution white ppt clear solution
587. Test with Na2C2O4 solution
Na2C2O4 solution AcOH
Ca2+ CaC2O4 Insoluble
white ppt
Na2C2O4 solution AcOH
Sr2+ SrC2O4 Insoluble
white ppt
Na2C2O4 solution BaC2O4 AcOH
Ba2+ Soluble
white ppt
588. Test with dil. Solution

M2+ dil . H2SO4 MSO dil. mineral
Insoluble
4
acid
white ppt
[M2+ = Ca2+ , Sr2+ , Ba2+ ]
589. Test with saturated solution of CaSO4
saturated solution
Sr2+ SrSO4 (very slowly)
of CaSO4 white ppt
saturated solution
Ba2+ BaSO4 (immediately)
of CaSO4
white ppt
590. Test with K4[Fe(CN)6]: Among the three cations only Ca2+ give white precipitate with K4[FeCN)4]
Ca2+ +K4 [ Fe(CN)6] K2Ca[Fe(CN)6 ]
white ppt
591. For Mg2+: test for Mg2+ are listed together below:
NaOH NH3Cl
Mg2+ Mg(OH)2 clear solution
or NH4OH solution
Na2CO3 or
Mg2+ Mg(OH)2 4MgCO3 6H2O NH4 Cl
clear solution
(NH4)2 CO3 solution white ppt solution
Na2HPO4 + dry ppt Mg2P2O7 NH3 H2O
Mg2+ Mg(NH4)PO4
(NH4OH +NH4Cl) white ppt white reduice
is heated strongly
592. K   K 3 [Co(NO 2 ) 6 ]  
 Na 3 [Co (NO 2 )6 ] 
or        or  both are yellow precipitates
yellow solution
 or (NH 4 ) 3 [Co(NO 2 ) 6  
NH 4  
K  K 2 [PtCl 6 ]  

 H2 [PtCl 6 ]

or        or  Both are yellow precipitates
or Na 2 [Pt (Cl 6 ]
 (NH ) [PtCl ]  
NH 4   4 2 6 
K  KHC 4 H 4 O 6  
 NaHc 4O6

or        or  Both are white precipitates
or H2C4H4O6
 (NH 4 )HC 4 H 4 O 6 
NH 4 
HClO 4
K      KClO 4
 or NaClO 4
or  white ppt
 HClO 4
NH 4     No ppt .
or NaClO 4
593. heat
NH 4  salt  NaOH 
 NH 3  H2 O  Na 
(if required)
594. For Bi3+
Bi 3  C 6 H3 (OH) 3  Bi(C 6 H3 O 3 )   3H 
Pyrogallol yellow ppt . of
bismuth  pyrogallat e
For Ni2+
Ni 2  2DMG   Ni(DMG) 2 
rosy red ppt
595. Fe 2  2DMG   [Fe(DMG) 2 ] : red colouratio n
Fe2+ +
N N N N
dipyridyl
(dipy) Fe2+ 2+
[Fe(dipy)]
red colouration
2+
Fe2+ + [Fe(C 12H8N2)3]
red colouration
N N
Phennthroline
596. Zn 2 solution  K [Co(CN) ]  KZn[Co(CN) ]  
ignited
 CoO.ZnO
3 6 6
yellow ppt or
C[ZnO 2 ]
green residue
597. Test with [CuSO4 + (NH4)2 [Hg(SCN)4]} solution
Cu 2  [Hg(SCN) 4 ] 2  No reacaton
while
Zn 2  [Hg(SCN) 4 ] 2  Zn [HG(SCN) 4 ] 
white ppt
598. Cu[Hg(SCN )4 ] Zn[Hg(SCN )4 ]
Cu 2  Zn 2  [Hg(SCN) 4 ] 2  
violet ppt.
599. acidic
2Cr 3  3S 2 O 82  8H2 O 
 2CrO 24  6SO 24  16H 
medium
600. Cr 3 in alkaline medium exist as [Cr (OH) 4 ] 
[Cr (OH) 4 ]   3H2 O  2OH   2CrO 24  8H2 O
601. BO   2OH  BO2  H O
3 3 2
602. Cr 3  3OBr   10OH   2CrO 2  3Br   5H2 O
4
603. 2Mn2  5S O2  8H O  2MnO  10SO2  16H
2 8 2 4 4
Using (PbO2 +conc.HNO3)
5PbO 2  2Mn 2  4H  2MnO 4  5Pb 2  2H2 O
Using sodium bismuthate (NaBiO3) solution
2Mn 2  5NaBiO 3  14H  2MnO 4  5Bi3  5Na   7H2 O
604. Li2CO3 Li2O+CO2
MCO3 MO+CO2[M=Be , Mg, Ca, Sr, BA]
Ag2CO3 2Ag +CO2 + 1 O2
2
yellow black
Cu(OH)2. CuCO3  2CuO +CO2 +H2O
Basic Cu(II) carbonate
ZnCO3 ZnO +CO2
white yellow (hot)
white (cold) 350 °C
PbCO3 PbO+CO2[2PbCO3.PbCO3(OH)2 Pb3O4 +CO2
+CO+H2O
HgCO3 Hg + 1 O2 +CO2
2
(NH4)2 CO3 2NH3 + H2O +CO2
605. Heating effect on ammonium salts
(NH 4 ) 2 Cr 2 O 2  N2  Cr 2 O 3  4H 2 O
NH 4NO 2  N 2  2H 2 O
NH 4NO 3  N 2 O  2H 2 O
2NH 4 ClO 4  N 2  Cl 2  2CO 2  4H 2 O
2NH 4IO 3  N 2  I2 O 2  4H2 O
If the anionic part is oxidizing in nature , then N2 will be the product (sometimes N2O)
(NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4  HPO 3  H 2 O  2NH 3
(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4  NH 3  H 2 SO 4
2(NH 3 ) 3 PO 4  2NH 3  P2 O 5  3H 2 O
(NH 4 ) 2 CO 3  2NH 3  H 2 O  CO 2
606. Heating effect on nitrate salts

1
MNO 3  KNO 2  O2
2
Where M= Na , K, Rb, Cs,
1
2LiNO 3  Li 2 O  2NO 2  O2
2
2M(NO 3 ) 2  2MO  4NO 2  O 2
Where M = all bivalent metals such as Zn2+ , Mg2+ , Sr2+,Ca2+, Ba2+ , Cu2+, Pb2+
HG(NO 3 ) 2  Hg  2NO 2  O 2: 2AgNO 3  2Ag  2NO 2  O 2
125o C 1
4Be(NO 3 ) 2  [ Ve 4 O(NO 3 ) 6 ]  2NO 2  O2
2
607. Heating effect on halide salts
2FeCl 3  2FeCl 2  Cl 2 : AuCl 3  AuCl  Cl 3
HG 2 Cl 2  HgCl 2  Hg ; NH 4 Cl  NH 3 HCl
Pb(SCN) 4  Pb(SCN) 2  (SCN) 2
PBCl 4  PbCl 2 [PbBr 4  PbBr2  Br2 and PBI4 does not exist]
608. Heating effect on hydrated chloride salts

MgCl 2  6H 2 O  MgO  2HCl  5H 2 O

2FeCl 3 .6H 2 O  Fe 2 O 3  6HCl  9H 2 O

2AlCl 3 .6H 2 O  Al 2 O 3  6HCl  9H 2 O
MCI 2 .2H 2 O  MO  2HCl  H 2 O
where M2  Cu 2 , Zn 2 , Sn 2
50o C 58o C 14o C
CoCl 2 .6H 2 O   CoCl 2 .4H 2 O  
 CoCl 2 .2H 2 O   CoCl 2
2H2O H2O 2H2O
Pink pink red violet blue
609. Heating effect on hydrated sulphate slats
on exposure
to sunlight 100o C 220o C
800o C 1
CuSO 4 5H2 O   CuSO 4 .3H2 O   CuSO 4 .H2 O   CuSO 4    CuO  SO 2  O 2
2H2O 3H2O H2O 2
Blue vitriol bluish white white black
750oC
CuO+SO3
black
610. 300o C

FeSO 4 .7H 2 O   FeSO 4  Fe 2 O 3  SO 2  SO 3
7H2O
green vitriol from 2 moles

Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3  Fe 2 O 3
120o C 1 1
CaSO 4 .2H 2 O  (CaSO 4 H 2 O)  1 H 2 O
2 2
Plaster of Paris
1
1 H2O  1
CaSO 4 .2H 2 O   
2   
o
(CaSO 4  H 2 O)
200 C 2
hard porous mass becoms dead burnt
(other crystal log raphic
mod ification of gypsum )
200o C
70o C 70o 200o C 1  800o C
ZnSO 4 .7H2 O   ZnSO 4 .6H2 O  ZnSO 4H2 O   ZnSO 4  ZnO  SO 2  O 2
H2O 5H2O H2O 2

MgSO 4 .7H 2 O   MgSO 4  [Same as ZnSO 4 ]
7H2O
Epsom salt
Na2SO3+SO2
2NaHSO 3  Na 2 S 2 O 5  H 2 O Na2S+Na2S
O 4O 2

2NaHSO 4  Na 2 SO 4  H2 O  SO 3
220o C
Na 2 S 2 O 3 .5H2 O  Na 2 S 2 O 3  5H2 O
3Na2S+Na2SO5
From 4 moles
611. Heating effect on oxides

hot

2Ag2 O 
o
 4Ag  O 2 ; ZnO cold ZnO
300 C
yellow
white
 1 hot
PbO 2  PbO  O 2 ; PbO
2 PbO
cold
yellow red
(Massi cot) (Lith arg e)
Pb3O4 500 °C 6PbO +O2

red lead Litharge
350 °C
HgO  400 °C
HgO Hg + 1 O2
yellow red strong heating 2
HgI2 127 °C
HgI2
scarlet red
on rubbing yellow sublimate
612. Heating effect on dichromate and chromate salts
 1
2K 2 Cr 2 O 7  2K 2 CrO 4  Cr 2 O 3  O2 
2
yellow green
613. Heating effect on phosphate salts

1o NaH 2PO 4  H 2 O  NaPO 3
phosphate salt
o 
2 Na 2HPO 4  H 2 O  Na 2P2 O 7
phosphate salt
3 o phosphate salt

high temp
Na(NH 4 )HPO 4 .4H2 O   NaNH 4HPO 4    NaPO 3  NH 3  H 2 O
 4H2O

2Mg(NH 4 )PO 4  Mg 2 O 2 O 7  2NH 3  H2 O
614. Heating effect on acids
 1
conc .2HNO 3  H 2 O  2NO 2  O2
2
444o C
H 2 SO 4   H 2 O  SO 3
800o C 1
H 2 SO 4   
 H 2 O  SO 2  O2
2
3H 2 SO 3  2H 2 SO 4  S  H 2 O 

3HNO 2  HNO 3  2NO  H 2 O 
HClO 3  HClO 4  ClO 2  H 2 O 

3HOCl  2HCl  HClO 3 Undergoes disproport ionation reaction


 
4H3 PO 3     3 H 3 PO 4  PH 3
200o C 
2H3 PO 2  H3 PO 4  PH3
2NaH 2PO 2  Na 2HPO 4  PH3
220o C 320o C 320o C
H3 PO 4   H 4 P2 O 7   4HPO 3   
 2P2 O 5  2H 2 O
red
100o C 140o C
H3 BO 3   4HBO 2   H 2B 4 O 7 
 2B 2 O 3  H 2 O
hot

H 2 C 2 O 4  H 2 O  CO  CO 2
615. Heating effect on acetate salts

CH 3 CO 2K  K 2 CO 3  CH 3 COCH 3

Pb(OAc ) 2  PbO  CO 2  CH 3 COCH 3
Mg(OAc ) 2  MgO  CO 2  CH 3 COCH 3
Ca(OAc ) 2  CaCO 3  CH 3 COCH 3
Ba(OAc ) 2  BaCO 3  CH 3 COCH 3
616. Heating effect on oxalate salts
7Na 2 C 2 O 4  7Na 2 CO 3  2CO 2  3CO  2C

SnC 2 O 4  SnO  CO 2  CO
FeC 2 O 4  FeO  CO  CO 2

Ag 2 C 2 O 4  2Ag  2CO 2
HgC 2 O 4  Hg  2CO 2
617. Heating effect on formate salts
350o C
2HCO 2Na   Na 2 C 2 O 4  H2 

2HCOOAg  HCOOH  2Ag  CO 2
(HCOO ) 2  HCOOH  Hg  CO 2

REACTIONS OF D-BLOCK AND N-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS

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REACTIONS OF D-BLOCK AND N-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS

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REACTIONS OF D- BLOCK ELEMENTS

K2CrO4 + H2SO4 K2Cr2O7 + K2SO4 + H2O

25. D12  D12 T13  H1 T : H2  1 : 7  1017 T2 was

26. Li 36  n10 He 24  T13

30. CaH2 + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + 2H2

31. 2CO  NaH HCOONa  C

52. HClO 4  NH3 NH  

135. 2NaOH  Cl 2 (conc) NaCl  NaOCl 2  H2O

190. CoO  B 2 O 3 Co(BO2 )2

215. 4BF3  12H2O 4H3BO3  12HF

B8Cl 8.BaCla.B 10Cl 10.B11.Cl 11.B12.Cl 12

323. Ca(OH)2+CO2 CaCO2 + H2O

349. SiCl4 + Li[AlH4] SiH4+AlCl3+LiCl

356. RCH=CH2+SiHCl3 RCH2CH2SiCl3

377. PbCl 2  LiEt  PbEt 2  Pb  PbEt 4

M2  CO 32  MCO 3

Clear solution Brownish black ppt.

(ii) NH3 (i) 

Black ppt. Grey ppt. of (Hg + HgO)

409. 4Hg 2  CO2  3H O  HgCO .3HgO  6H

on boiling 2AgSO 3   2Ag  SO 24  SO 2 

AgSO 3  H 2 O  2Ag  SO 24  2H 

White ppt. of BaS2O3 from moderately

438. Reagent Formula of precipitate Formula of clear solution

2Cu 2  2S 2 O 32  2Cu   S 4 O 32

444. S O 2  [Ni(en ) ] (NO )  [Ni(en ) ]S O  2NO 

 = Does not respond to the test

or solution or red ppt .

[Fe 3 (HCO 2 ) 6 ] 3  H 2 O  3[FE(OH) 2 (HCO 2 )]  3HCO 2H  3H 

473. H3C CH3

AgCl Completely soluble Insoluble soluble soluble

484. 3AgCl  Na 3 AsO3  Ag3 AsO3  3Cl 

Yellow coloured Red coloured eosin

2NO 3  4H2 SO 4  3Cu  3Cu 2  2NO  4SO 24  4H2 O

I Ag  , Hg 22 .Pb 2 Dil. HCl AgCl, PbCl 2 , Hg 2 Cl 2 Filtrate is ready for

Dil. HCl + H2S Group II and Group I cations except Ag+

Residue H2S (Hg + HgS)

yellow ppt . colourless so lub le complex

2+ KCN Cd(CN)2 excess KCN Cd(CN)4]2-

KCN Fe(CN)3 excess KCN K3[Fe(CN)6

579. Fe 3  [Fe(CN) ] 4  [Fe [Fe(CN) ] 

Fe3+ FePO4 H+ NH3

Fe(SCN)3 + 6F- [ FeF6 ]3- 3SCn-

588. Test with dil. Solution

606. Heating effect on nitrate salts

611. Heating effect on oxides

Pb3O4 500 °C 6PbO +O2

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