BIOCHEMICAL ENERGY

PRODUCTION
Metabolism
- sum total of all chemical reactions in a living organism

2 SUBTYPES OF METABOLISM
• Catabolism
• Anabolism

2 TYPES OF METABOLIC PATHWAYS

• Linear
• Cyclic
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Their Function
• Nucleus: DNA replication and RNA synthesis
• Plasma membrane: Cellular boundary
• Cytoplasm: The water-based material of a eukaryotic cell
• Mitochondria: Generates most of the energy needed for cell.
• Lysosome: Contain hydrolytic enzymes needed for cell
rebuilding, repair and degradation
• Ribosome: Sites for protein synthesis
Mitochondria
• An organelle that is responsible for
the generation of most of the
energy for a cell
High-energy Phosphate Compounds*
-several phosphate containing compounds found in metabolic
pathways are known as high energy compounds

*Adenosine Phosphates (ATP, ADP and AMP)

*Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD)
*Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)
*Coenzyme A
Adenosine Phosphates (ATP, ADP and AMP)
Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD)
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide +
(NAD )
Coenzyme A
An Overview of Biochemical Energy Production
• There are four general stages in the biochemical energy
production process:
– Stage 1: Digestion
– Stage 2: Acetyl group formation,
– Stage 3: Citric acid cycle
– Stage 4: Electron transport chain and Oxidative
phosphorylation.

• Collectively known as the common metabolic pathways, i.e.,

the sum of the reactions that occur in the citric acid cycle, the
electron transport chain, and the oxidative phosphorylation
Practice Exercise

Classify each of the following chemical processes as

anabolic or catabolic.
a. Synthesis of a protein from amino acids
b. Formation of a triacylglycerol from glycerol and fatty
acids
c. Hydrolysis of a polysaccharide to monosaccharides
d. Formation of a nucleic acid from nucleotides
Assignment

• What are the six major metabolic pathways of glucose

and what are their functions?