Lecture-9

Conduction Heat Transfer

Dr. Chetan S. Mistry
Associate Professor,
Mechanical Engg. Dept.
Institute of Technology, Nirma University
Temperature variation through slab
For wall,
d 2T x = 0 Þ T = T1
=0
dx 2
Þ C2 = T1
dT
Þ = C1 x = L Þ T = T2
dx
Þ T = C1 x + C2 Þ T2 = C1 L + C2
T -T T2 - T1
Þ T ( x) = 1 2 x + T1 Þ C1 =
L L
• The rate of conduction heat transfer
and the wall area A are constant.
• dT/dx = constant, which means that the
A ´ DT temperature through the wall varies
Q = -k (W) linearly with x.
Dx • The temperature distribution in the
wall under steady conditions is a
straight line.
Dr. Chetan S. Mistry
 & dT
QPlane wall = - kA
dx
dT
putting value of ,
dx
dT
= C1
dx
T2 - T1
=
L

& T1 - T2
QPlane wall = kA
L

Dr. Chetan S. Mistry

Temperature variation through cylinders/pipes
Assuming Heat conduction in radial
direction only . From fundamental equation,

1 ¶ æ n ¶T ö e&gen 1 ¶T
çr ÷+ =
r ¶r è ¶r ø k
n
a ¶t
1 ¶ æ ¶T ö e&gen 1 ¶T
çr ÷+ =
r ¶r è ¶r ø k a ¶t
Assuming steady state heat conduction and no heat generation,
1 ¶ æ ¶T ö
çr ÷=0
r ¶r è ¶r ø

1 ¶ æ ¶T ö
¹0 so çr ÷=0
r ¶r è ¶r ø
Dr. Chetan S. Mistry
 ¶ æ ¶T ö
çr ÷=0
¶r è ¶r ø
Integrating the equation,
æ ¶T ö
çr ÷ = C1
è ¶r ø
¶T C1
=
¶r r
Integrating the equation,
T (r ) = C1 ln r + C2
Applying Boundary conditions,

At r = r1....T = T1
C1 = -
(T1 - T2 )
T1 = C1 ln r1 + C2 ln (r2 r1 )
At r = r2 ....T = T2
C2 = T1 +
(T1 - T2 )
ln (r1 )
T2 = C1 ln r2 + C2 ln(r2 r1 )
Dr. Chetan S. Mistry
 T (r ) = C1 ln r + C2
Putting the values of C1 and C2

C1 = -
(T1 - T2 )
ln (r2 r1 )

C2 = T1 +
(T1 - T2 )
ln (r1 )
ln(r2 r1 )

(T - T1 ) = ln(r r1 ) T1
T2
(T2 - T1 ) ln(r2 r1 )

This shows the temperature varies in Logarithmic manner for

Cylinder.
 & dT
QCylinder = -kA
dr
dT
puting value of
dr
dT C1
=
dr r
T1 - T2
C1 = -
ln (r2 r1 )

& T1 - T2
QCylinder = 2PLk
ln (r2 r1 )

Dr. Chetan S. Mistry

Temperature variation through sphere
Assuming Heat conduction in radial
direction only . From fundamental equation,

1 ¶ æ n ¶T ö e&gen 1 ¶T
çr ÷+ =
r ¶r è ¶r ø k
n
a ¶t
C1
T (r ) = - + C2
r

C1 = -
(T1 - T2 )r1r2
and C2 =
(r2T2 - r1T1 )
(r2 - r1 ) (r2 - r1 )
Assignment
(T - T1 ) = r2 (r - r1 )
(T2 - T1 ) r (r2 - r1 )
This shows the temperature varies in hyperbola for sphere.
Dr. Chetan S. Mistry
& dT
QSphere = - kA
dr
(
= - k 4P r 2
2
)
C1
r
C1 =
(T1 - T2 )r1r2
r2 - r1

& T1 - T2
QSphere = 4Pkr1r2
r2 - r1

Dr. Chetan S. Mistry

& T1 - T2
QPlane wall = kA
L

& T1 - T2
QCylinder = 2PLk
ln (r2 r1 )

& T1 - T2
QSphere = 4Pkr1r2
r2 - r1

Dr. Chetan S. Mistry

VARIABLE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY, k(T )
When the variation of thermal conductivity with temperature in a
specified temperature interval is large, however, it may be necessary
to account for this variation to minimize the error.

Accounting for the variation of the thermal conductivity with

temperature, in general, complicates the analysis. But in the case of
simple one-dimensional cases, we can obtain heat transfer relations in
a straightforward manner.

When the variation of thermal conductivity with temperature k(T) is

known, the average value of the thermal conductivity in the temperature
range between T1 and T2 can be determined from
T2

ò k (T )dT
T1
kavg =
T2 - T1 Dr. Chetan S. Mistry
Dr. Chetan S. Mistry