Question 1

Correct
Which of the following would be the distinguishing feature that determines whether a particular antimicrobial chemical is an antiseptic or
if it is a disinfectant?
Select one:
a. Natural vs. synthetic compound.

b. Safe on living tissues vs. toxic on living tissues.

c. Treatment of established infection vs. prevention of contamination.
d. Bacteriostatic vs. bacteriocidal action.
e. Narrow vs. broad spectrum.
Question 2
Which of the following is an example of a surfactant?
Select one:
a. Phenol
b. Glutaraldehyde

c. Detergent
d. Iodine
Question 3
You are preparing equipment that will be in contact with the mucous membranes of the respiratory system. At a minimum you should
use
Select one:

a. an intermediate-level germicide
b. a high-level germicide
c. a low-level germicide
d. a degerming agent
Question 4
Which of the following are most susceptible to antimicrobial agents?
Select one:
a. Prions
b. Gram positive bacteria
c. Non-enveloped viruses

d. Enveloped viruses
Question 5
Which of the following is NOT a common mechanism by which antimicrobial drugs kill or inhibit bacterial growth?
Select one:
a. a damage to cell membranes
b. inhibition of protein synthesis

c. destruction of capsules
d. interference with essential metabolic pathways
e. inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Question 6
Why are gram negative cells generally more resistant to penicillin and related compounds?
Select one:
a. Because their peptidoglycan layer is thicker.
b. Because gram negative bacteria are more likely to have a capsule, which prevents entry of the antibiotic.

c. Because many antibiotics cannot cross the outer membrane

d. Because their peptidoglycan layer is thinner.
Question 7
What is a common cause of sulphonamide resistance?
Select one:
a. Beta-lactamase enzymes.

b. Changes to metabolism that bypass metabolic steps affected by the drug.

c. Changes to the cell wall that prevent entry of the drug into the cells.
d. Mutations in ribosomes that prevent attachment of the drug and thus inhibit its activity.
Question 8
How does vancomycin act as an antimicrobial?
Select one:
a. It binds to peptide chains in the cell wall to prevent cell wall synthesis.
b. It binds to fimbriae preventing attachment.
c. It binds to ribosomes inhibiting protein synthesis.
d. It bind an enzyme in the cell wall to prevent cross linking.
Question 9
What is a common target of antifungal agents?
Select one:
a. PABA
b. Unique fatty acids in the cell membrane
c. Ribosomes

d. Ergosterol
Question 10
Assume Drug 1, Drug 2 and Drug 3 are narrow-spectrum and appropriate against
the infectious agent to be treated. Using the information below, which would be the
most appropriate antimicrobial drug to choose?
Drug Therapeutic Index
1 3.5
2 12.0
3 7.6

Select one:
a. Drug 1

b. Drug 2
c. Drug 3
Question 11
How does Listeria enter the body?
Select one:
a. It releases an enzyme that breaks down the epithelial tissue in the gut.
b. It is a usually transmitted from vagina to fetus by crossing the placenta during pregnancy.

c. It secretes and enzyme after being taken up by an immune cell to break out of the endosome.
d. It is an opportunistic pathogen that moves from skin to the blood via wounds or sores.
Question 12
An epidemiologist collects drinking glasses, tissues, and bed sheets from the apartment of an individual infected with a particular
disease. Which of the following modes of transmission is being investigated for this disease?
Select one:
a. vehicle transmission.
b. direct contact transmission
c. aerosol transmission

d. indirect contact transmission

e. vector transmission
Question 13
When does a baby acquire its microbiome?
Select one:
a. The newborn first begins acquiring the microbiome after birth based on contact with the mother’s skin.
b. Normally the microbiome is acquired once breast feeding begins, from the colostrum.
c. During birth in the birth canal

d. The general belief is that it’s during birth, but there is evidence that it may begin in utero.
Question 14
In which of the following regions of the human body would we expect to see the LEAST growth of normal human microflora/microbiota?
Select one:
a. Stomach.
b. Areas of oily skin

c. Alveoli in the lungs

d. Nasal mucous membranes.
Question 15
At what stage of an infection does the immune response peak?
Select one:

a. Decline
b. illness
c. incubation
d. Convalescence
e. Prodomal
Question 16
Which of the following is a sign of disease?
Select one:
a. fatigue
b. chills

c. vomiting
d. itching
Question 17
What is the difference between an endotoxin and an exotoxin?
Select one:

a. There are several types of exotoxin; all endotoxins are forms of lipid A.
b. Exotoxins are secreted by bacteria; endotoxins remain in the bacterial cytoplasm until the cell membrane is damaged.
c. Exotoxins are glycoproteins; endotoxins are enzymes
d. Exotoxins contain lipid; endotoxins are protein.
Question 18
A reservoir is
Select one:
a. a condition in which organisms remain in the body for a short time.
b. any microorganism that causes disease.
c. a source of microbes for laboratory testing.
d. an environment that is free of microbes.

e. a source of microbial contamination.

Question 19
Infection and disease are NOT the same thing because
Select one:
a. Disease refers to serious illness; infection refers to mild illnesses.
b. Infections typically are shorter lived than diseases.
c. Disease refers only to microbes living inside the body; infection refers to microbes both inside and on the body.
d. Diseases are caused by different pathogens than infections.

e. Disease only occurs if an infection disrupts normal body function.

Question 20
Iatrogenic infections are the result of
Select one:
a. vectors
b. infections acquired by health care workers

c. invasive medical procedures

d. skin punctures