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In the early 20th century science and technology continued to develop. Max Plancks quantum theory (1900), Albert
Einstein special theory of relativity (105), and Neils Bohr's theory of atomic structure (1913 - 15) were among the
most notable scientific advancement.
The diagrammatic representation of atomic structure timeline and the scientist worked on atomic theory is shown
below.
structure of an Atoms
The basic building block of any substance is the atom. Every element and compound is made up of one or more
atoms. In making up of the atom an atom is made up of only one nucleus but can have several shells. Within the
nucleus protons and neutrons are present. Every element has a specific number of protons. For example, carbon will
always have six protons and oxygen will always have eight protons. The number of protons corresponds to the
atomic number of the element.
Electrons orbit around the nucleus much way planets orbit the sun. These electrons are said to reside in shells
sometimes called orbits or rings. Protons and electrons are electrically charged. Protons are positively charged and
electrons are negatively charged. Neutrons have no electrical charge and thus they have very little bearing on an
atoms electrical activity.
The structure of the atom and the electrical charges associated with parts of the atom are shown below.
Summary of atomic structure is give below.