1

LPU COLLEGE OF LAW

COURSE TITLE : CRIMINAL LAW 1

NO OF UNITS :3
SEMESTER/SY : FIRST SEMESTER, 2019-2020

COURSE OUTLINE AND CASES:

First Week –August 7 (WEEK 1)

I. CRIMINAL LAW IN GENERAL

A. Preliminaries
1. Definition of Criminal Law
Public Crime vs. Private Crime
Common Law Crimes
2. Sources of Philippine Criminal Law
3. Authority of State to Punish Crimes
Cases: People vs. Santiago, 43 Phil. 120 (1922)
U.S. vs. Pablo, 35 Phil. 94 (1914)
4. Constitutional Limitations (Art. III, Sections 14 (1) and 22,
1987 Constitution)
Cases: Pesigan vs. Angeles, L-64279, April 30, 1984
Tañada vs. Tuvera, G.R. No. L-63915, April
24, 1985

5. Constitutional and Statutory Rights of the Accused (Art. III,

1987 Constitution and Section 1, Rule 115 of the Revised Rules on Criminal
Procedure, respectively)

B. BASIC PRINCIPLES IN CRIMINAL LAW

1. Characteristics of Criminal Law
a. General
Case: U.S. vs. Sweet, 1 Phil 18 (1901)
a.1. Exceptions to the General Application
Article 2, Revised Penal Code
Article 14, Civil Code of the Philippines

b. Territorial – Article 2, Revised Penal Code and Article

1, 1987 Constitution
Cases:
Evangelista vs.
People, G.R. No.
163267, May 5, 2010
Calme vs. Court of Appeals, et al.,
G.R. No. 116688, August
30, 1996

b.1. Exceptions (Article 2, Revised Penal Code)

The Vienna Convention
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c. Prospective – Article 366 of the Revised Penal Code

RPC), Arts. 21 and 22, RPC, Art. 4 of the Civil Code of the Philippines
Case: Gumabon vs. Director of Prison,
G.R. No. L-30026,
January 30, 1971

c.1. Exceptions – Article 62, RPC

Case: Tavera vs. Valdez, G.R. No. L-

922, November 8, 1902

David vs. Arroyo, G.R. No.

171396, May 3, 2006

2. Construction of Penal Laws – Art. III, Sec. 14, 1987

Constitution

Rule on Construction of Penal Laws

Case: Pascual vs. Board of Examiners, G.R.
No. L-25018 28, May 26, 1969

Effects of Repeal of Penal Laws; The rules on the Effects

of Repeal of Penal Law
Principle of Dubio Pro Reo
Rule of Lenity

Second Week

II. GENERAL PROVISIONS

The Revised Penal Code, Article 1, 2, RPC

1. History
2. Division of Criminal Law
3. Sources of Criminal Law
4. Composition
5. Schools of Thought of Criminal Law/Two Theories
a. Classical School
b. Positivist School
6. The Rationale and Principles of Criminal Law

III. FELONIES –Article 3, RPC

1. Definition
Elements
Cases: Silvestre vs. Atienza, G.R. No. L-35748,
December 4, 1931
People vs. Temblor, G.R. No. 66884, May
28, 1988
People vs. Hassan, G.R. No. L-68969,
January 22, 1988
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People vs. Delos Santos, G.R. No. 135919,

May 9, 2003

2. Classification of Felonies (based on RPC)

a. Intentional – with dolo or malice
Requisites of Dolo or malice
 Freedom
 Intelligence
 Intent

b. Culpable – with fault or culpa

Requisites of Fault or Culpa
 Freedom
 Intelligence
 Imprudence, Negligence or Lack of
Foresight
Case: People vs. Guillen, 85 Phil. 307
(1950)

3. Distinction of Intentional and Culpable Felonies

Cases: People vs. Buan, 22 SCRA 1383 (1968)
People vs. Pugay, 167 SCRA 439 (1988)

4. Rules on Felony

5. Mistake of Fact
a. Definition
b. Requisites of mistake of fact as a defense
Cases: U.S. vs. Ah Chong, 15 Phil 488 (1910)
People vs. Oanis, 74 Phil. 257 (1943)

6. Three Classes of Crimes

a. Intentional - RPC
b. Culpable – RPC
c. Special Laws

7. Mala in Se and Mala Prohibita - Distinguished

Cases: Estrada vs. Sandiganbayan. 369 SCRA 394
(2001)
People vs. Bayona, 61 Phil. 181 (1935)
Uy vs. Siy Cong Bieng, et al, 30 Phil. 577
(1915)

8. Intent Distinguished from Motive

9. Relevance of Motive

10. Rules on Criminal Liability

A. Proximate Cause
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Concepts:
1. Error in personae
Case: People vs. Salarza, Jr., G.R. No.
117682, August 18, 1997
2. Aberratio ictus
3. Praeter Intentionem

B. Impossible Crime
Requisites

11. The Primary Duty of the Court

Third Week

IV. EXECUTION OF FELONIES – Article 6, RPC

A. Stages of Development of Crime:

1. Internal Acts
2. External Acts
 Preparatory Acts
 Acts of Execution

B. Stages of Execution
1. Attempted Felony
a. Elements
b. Preparatory Acts and Overt Acts Distinguished
c. Indeterminate Offense
Case: People vs. Lamahang, 61 Phil
703 (1935)
d. Subjective Phase

2. Frustrated Felony
a. Elements
Cases: People vs. Sy Pio, 94 Phil. 885
(1954)
People vs. Lababo, et al., G.R.
No. 234651, June 6,
2018

b. As distinguished from Attempted Felony

Case: People vs. Orita, G.R. No. 88724,
April 3, 1990

c. Attempted vs. Frustrated Murder

Case: People vs. Dagman, et al., G.R.
No. L-23133, August 20,
1925

d. Attempted and Frustrated Felony as

Distinguished from Impossible Crime
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3. Consummated Felony
4. Factors to Consider in Determining Whether the Crime
is Attempted, Frustrated or Consummated
a. Nature of Crime
Case: People vs. Hernandez, 54 Phil.
122 (1964)
U.S. vs. Valdes, 39 Phil. 240
(1918)
b. Elements of the Crime
Cases: U.S. vs. Adiao, 38 Phil. 754
(1918)
U.S. vs. Dominguez, 41 Phil. 408
(1921)
People vs. Espiritu, et al., CA-
G.R. No. 2107-May 31,
1949
People vs. Diñ0, C.A. 45 O.G.
3446 (1924)
Natividad vs. CA, et al., G.R. No.
160188, June 21,
2007

c. Manner of Committing the Crime

Three Kinds:
 Formal Crimes
Case: People vs. Marcos,
G.R. No. 83325,
May 8, 1990
 Committed by mere attempt or
proposal
 By Omission
 With Intervention of Two Persons
and By Mere Agreement
Case: U.S. vs. Basa, 8 Phil
89 (1907)
 Material Crimes
Case: People vs. Eriña, 50
Phil. 998
(1927)

V. LIGHT FELONIES WHEN PUNISHABLE – Art. 7, RPC

A. Light Felonies
1. Definition
2. When Punishable
3. Light Felonies Punishable under the RPC

VI. CONSPIRACY AND PROPOSAL TO COMMIT

CONSPIRACY – Art. 8
A. Conspiracy
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1. Requisites
Cases: People vs. Buntag, G.R. No. 123070,
April 14, 2004
People vs. Pal, et al., G.R. No. 223565,
June 18, 2018

B. Proposal to Commit a Felony

1. Requisites

Fourth Week

VII. CLASSIFICATION OF FELONIES – Article 9

A. Grave Felonies
1. capital punishment - death
2. afflictive penalties – Ex. bigamy

B. Less Grave Felonies

1. correctional penalties (6 months and 1 day to 6 years)
Ex. libel, oral defamation, acts of lasciviousness, adultery

C. Light Felonies – arresto menor or a fine not exceeding P200

Ex.light threat

Purposes for classifying:

1. determination of imposable penalties
2. determination of prescriptive period

X. SPECIAL LAWS – Art. 10

A. Not subject to the RPC
B. RPC supplementary

XI. CIRCUMSTANCES AFFECTING CRIMINAL LIABILITY –

Art. 11
A. Justifying (Art. 11)
B. Exempting and other absolutory causes (Art. 12)
C. Mitigating Circumstances (Art. 13)
D. Aggravating Circumstances (Art. 14)
E. Alternative Circumstances (Art. 15)

A. Justifying Circumstances –Art. 11

1. Self-Defense
a. Requisites
Cases: People vs. Dela Cruz, 61 Phil.
344 (1935)
People vs. Jaurigue, 76 Phil. 174
(1946)
People vs. Apolinar, C.A. 38
O.G. 2870 (1938)
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Cano vs. People, G.R. No.

155258 (2003)
People vs. Boholst-Caballero,
61 SCRA 180
(1974)

2. Defense of Relatives
a. Requisites
Case: Olbinar vs. Court of Appeals,
G.R. No. 76235, January 21,
1991

3. Defense of Stranger
a. Requisites
Case: People vs. Ancheta, et al., 66
Phil. 638 (1938)

4. Avoidance of Greater Evil or Injury

a. Requisites
Case: People vs. Norma Hernandez,
C.A., 55 O.G. 8465 (1959)

5. Fulfillment of duty or lawful exercise of right or office

a. Requisites
Cases: People vs. Felipe Delima, 46
Phil. 738 (1922)
People vs. Lagata, 83 Phil. 159
(1949)

6. Obedience to an order issued for some lawful purpose

a. Requisites
Case: People vs. Margen, et al., 85 Phil.
839 (1950)

Fifth Week

B. Exempting Circumstances – Art. 12 – 7

circumstances
1. Imbecile or Insane Person
Case: People vs. Formigones 87 Phil. 658
(1950)
Burden of Proof to Show Insanity
Cases: People vs. Aquino, G.R. No. 87084,
June 27, 1990
People vs. Madarang, G.R. No.
132319, May 12, 2000
People vs. Miraña, G.R. No. 219113,
April 25, 2018

2. A person under nine years of age

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Raised to fifteen years of age, R.A. No. 9344, Juvenile

Justice and Welfare Act of 2006

3. A person over nine years of age and under fifteen, unless

he acted with discernment (repealed by R.A.
No. 9344)
Periods of Criminal Responsibility under R.A. No. 9344
Presumption of Minority

4. Any person, who while performing a lawful act with due

care, causes an injury by mere accident without fault or
intention of causing it
Elements
Case: U.S. vs. Tañedo, 15 Phil. 196 (1910)
People vs. Fallorina, G.R. No. 137347,
March 4, 2004

5. Under Compulsion of Irresistible Force

Elements
Case: People vs. Loreno, No. L-54414, July 9, 1984

6. Under Impulse of an Uncontrollable Fear of an Equal or

Greater Injury
Elements
Distinctions between Irresistible Force and
Uncontrollable Fear

7. Fails to Perform an Act Required by Law, when prevented by

some lawful or insuperable cause
Elements

Distinctions Between Justifying and Exempting Circumstances

Absolutory Causes – definition
Other Absolutory Causes
Art. 6, 20, 19(1), 124 (last paragraph), 247 (pars. 1
& 2), 280 (par. 3), 332, 344(par. 4), instigation
Entrapment and Instigation Distinguished
Complete Defenses in Criminal Cases

C. Mitigating Circumstances –Article 13

Definition
Classes of Mitigating Circumstances - Ordinary and Privileged
Distinctions between Ordinary and Privileged

1. Those mentioned in the preceding chapter (justifying and

exempting circumstances) when all the requisites necessary to justify the act
or to exempt from criminal liability in the respective cases are not attendant

a. Self-defense
b. Defense of Relatives
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c. Defense of Stranger
d. State of Necessity
e. Performance of Duty
f. Obedience to Order of Superior
g. Minority above 15 but below 18 years of age
h. Causing injury by mere accident
i. Uncontrollable Fear

Case: People vs. Magpantay, C.A. 46 O.G. 1655 (1964)

2. That the offender is under eighteen years of age or over

seventy years. [In the case of the minor, she shall be proceeded against in
accordance with the provisions of Article 80]

3. That the offender had no intention to commit so grave a

wrong as that committed

Case: People vs. Abueg, No. L-54901, November 24, 1986

4. That sufficient provocation or threat on the part of the

offended party immediately preceded the act
Provocation; Requisites

Case: People vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No 103613,

February 23, 2001

5. That the act was committed in the immediate vindication of a

grave offense to the one committing the felony (delito), his spouse, ascendants
descendants, legitimate natural or adopted brothers or sister, or relatives by
affinity within the same degree
Requisites

6. That of having acted upon an impulse so powerful as naturally

to have produced passion or obfuscation
Requisites

7. That the offender had voluntarily surrendered himself to a

person in authority or his agents, or that he had voluntarily confessed his guilt
before the court prior to the presentation of the evidence for the prosecution
(Voluntary Surrender)
Requisites of Voluntary Surrender
Case: Rivera vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 125867,
May 31, 2000

Requisites of Plea of Guilty

Case: People vs. Gano, et al., G.R. No. 134373,
February 28, 2001

8. That the offender is deaf and dumb, blind or otherwise

suffering from some physical defect which thus restricts his means of action,
defense, or communication with his fellow beings.
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9. Such illness of the offender as would diminish the exercise of

the willpower of the offender without however depriving him of consciousness
of his acts.

10. Any other circumstance of a similar nature and analogous to

those abovementioned.

Case: People vs. Genosa, G.R. No. 135981, January

14, 2004

Sixth Week

D. Aggravating Circumstances – Article 14

Definition
Four Kinds – Generic, Specific, Qualifying and Inherent

1. Advantage be taken by the offender of his public position.-G

Cases: U.S. vs. Torrida, 23 Phil. 189 (1912)

U.S. vs. Ducuycuy, 9 Phil. 84 (1907)

2. Committed in contempt of or with insult to the public

authorities-G
Requisites

3. Committed (1) with insult or in disregard of the respect

due the offended party on account of his (a) rank, (b) age, or (c) sex, 0r (2)
that it be committed in the dwelling of the offended party if the latter has not
given provocation-G

4. Committed with (1) abuse of confidence, or (2) obvious

ungratefulness-G
Requisites for Abuse of Confidence

5. Committed in the palace of the Chief Executive, or in his

presence, or where public authorities are engaged in the discharge of their
duties, or in a place dedicated to religious worship-G

6. Committed (1) in the nighttime, or (2) in an uninhabited

place, or (3) by a band, whenever such circumstance may facilitate the
commission of the offense.-G

Definition of Uninhabited place

Definition of Band

7. Committed on the occasion of a conflagration, shipwreck,

earthquake, epidemic or other calamity or misfortune

8. Committed with the aid of (1) armed men or (2) persons who
insure or afford impunity
 11

Requisites

9. Accused is a recidivist-G
Requisites

10. Offender has been previously punished for an offense to

which the law attaches an equal or greater penalty or for two or more crimes
to which it attaches a lighter penalty-G
Requisites

11. Committed in consideration of a price, reward or promise

12. Committed by means of inundation, fire, poison, explosion,

stranding of a vessel or intentional damage thereto, derailment of a
locomotive, or by the use of any other artifice involving great waste and ruin

13. Committed with evident premeditation

Requisites
Case: Peole vs. Manalinde, 14 Phil. 77 (1909)

14. That (1) craft, (2) fraud, or (3) disguise be employed.-G

15. That (1) advantage be taken of superior strength, or (2)

means be employed to weaken the defense

Case: People vs. Ducusin, 53 Phil. 280 (1921)

16. Committed with treachery (alevosia)

Rules on treachery
Requisites
Cases: U.S. vs. Balagtas, 19 Phil. 164 (1916)
People vs. Cañete, 44 Phil. 478 (1949)
U.S. vs. Baluyot, 40 Phil. 385 (1919)

17. Means be employed or circumstances brought about which

add ignominy to the natural effects of the act.

18. Committed after an unlawful entry.-G

19. As a means of the commission of a crime, a wall, roof, floor,

door, or window be broken.-G

20. Crime be committed (1) with the aid of persons under fifteen
years of age, or (2) by means of motor vehicles, airships or other similar
means.-G (except motor vehicle)

21. Wrong done in the commission of the crime be deliberately

augmented by causing other wrong not necessary for its commission.
Requisites of Cruelty
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Seventh Week

E. Alternative Circumstances – Art. 15

Definition
1. Relationship
2. Intoxication; and
3. Degree of instruction and education of the offender

When mitigating or aggravating

XII. PERSONS CRIMINALLY LIABLE FOR FELONIES – Art.

16

A. Persons Criminally Liable for Grave and Less Grave

1. Principals
2. Accomplices
3. Accessories

B. Persons Criminally Liable for Light Felonies

1. Principals
2. Accomplices

Rules Relative to Light Felonies

1. Principals – Art. 17
a. By direct participation
Requisites
Conspiracy – definition
Cases: People vs. Timbol, G.R. Nos.
47471-47473, August
4, 1944
People vs. Delgado, 77 Phil. 11
(1949)
People vs. Samano, 77 Phil. 136
(1946)

b. By induction
Requisites
Two ways: (i) directly forcing another
(ii) directly inducing another-
irresistible force or
uncontrollable fear

Case: People vs. Castillo, G.R. No. L-

19238, July 26, 1966
People vs. Kiichi Omine, 61 Phil.
611 (1935)
People vs. Lawas, G.R. Nos. L-
7618-20, July 20,
1955
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c. Principals by indispensable cooperation

Requisites

2. Accomplices – Art. 18
Requisites
Cases: People vs. Ubiña, 97 Phil. 515 (1955)
People vs. Dela Cruz, 61 Phil. 162
(1935)

3. Accessories – Art. 19
Cases: U.S. vs. Montano, 3 Phil. 110 (1903)
People vs. Billon, C.A., 48 O.G. 1391
Accessories Exempt from Criminal Liability – Art. 20

Eighth Week

XIII. PENALTIES IN GENERAL

A. Penalty
Juridical Conditions
Theories
Three-fold Purpose

1. No felony shall be punishable by any penalty not prescribed

by law prior to its commission. – Art. 21
2. Retroactive effect of penal laws – Art. 22
Cases: People vs. Carballo, 62 Phil. 651
(1935)
Lagrimas vs. Dir. of Prisons, 57 Phil.
249 (1960)
People vs. Tamayo, 61 Phil. 226 (1935)
3. Effect of pardon by the offended party – Art. 23
4. Measures of prevention or safety not considered penalties –
Art. 24

B. Classification of Penalties
1. Principal Penalties – Art. 25
a. Classification According to Divisibility
b. Classification According to Subject Matter
c. Classification According to Gravity
2. Accessory Penalties
3. Fine – Art. 26

C. Duration and Effect of Penalties

1. Duration of Different Penalties-Art. 27
2. Computation of Penalties – Art. 28
3. Period of Preventive Imprisonment – Art. 29
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4. Effects of Perpetual or Temporary Absolute Disqualification –

Art. 30
5. Effects of Perpetual or Temporary Special Disqualification –
Art. 31
6. Effects of penalties or perpetual or temporary special
disqualification for the exercise of the right of suffrage – Art. 32
7. Effects of penalties of suspension from any public office,
profession, or calling, or the right of suffrage – Art. 33
8. Civil Interdiction – Art. 34
9. Effects of bond to keep the peace – Art. 35
10. Effects of Pardon – Art.36
Limitations on the Exercise of Pardoning Power
11. Costs – Art. 37
12. Pecuniary Liabilities – Art. 38
13. Subsidiary Penalty – Art. 39
Rules
14. Death and its accessory penalties – Art. 40
15. Reclusion perpetua and reclusion temporal and its accessory
penalties – Art. 41
16. Prision Mayor and its accessory penalties – Art. 42
17. Prision Correccional and its accessory penalties – Art. 43
18. Arresto and its accessory penalties – Art. 44
19. Confiscation and forfeiture of the proceeds or instruments of
the crime – Art. 45

Ninth Week

D. Application of Penalties
1. Principals in general – Art. 46
2. Death Penalty is Imposable Penalty – Art. 47
3. Penalty for Complex Crimes – Art. 48
Two Kinds of Complex Crimes
a. Compound Crime
Requisites
b. Complex Crime Proper
Cases: People vs. Rodriguez, G.R. L-13981,
April 25, 1960
People vs. Cano. G.R. No. L-19660,
May 24, 1966

Plurality of Crimes
Continued Crime

4. Penalty on principals when crime committed is different from

intended – Art. 49
a. Aberratio ictus
b. Error in personae
c. Praeter intentionem

5. Penalty on principals of a frustrated crime – Art. 50

 15

6. Penalty on principals of attempted crime – Art. 51

7. Penalty on accomplices in a consummated crime – Art. 52
8. Penalty on accessories in a consummated crime – Art. 53
9. Penalty on accomplices in a frustrated crime – Art. 54
10. Penalty on accessories of a frustrated crime – Art. 55
11. Penalty on accomplices in an attempted crime – Art. 56
12. Penalty on accessories of an attempted crime – Art. 57
13. Additional Penalty on certain accessories – Art. 58
14. Penalty for impossible crime – Art. 59
15. Exceptions to the established rules – Art. 60

Tenth Week

16. Rules for Graduating Penalties – Art. 61

Five Rules:
a. Single and Indivisible
b. Two Indivisible
c. Two indivisible and the maximum period of a
divisible penalty
d. Penalty of several periods
e. Not specifically provided
(i) Penalty has two periods
(ii) Penalty has one period
17. Effects of attendance of Mitigating or Aggravating
Circumstances and of Habitual Delinquency – Art. 62
18. Rules for application of indivisible penalties – Art. 63
Outline of Rules
19. Rules for application of penalties with three periods – Art. 64
Outline of Rules
20.Rules in which penalty is not composed of three periods –
Art. 65
21. Imposition of Fines – Art. 66
22. Penalty imposed when not all requisites of exemption of
fourth circumstance of Art. 12 are present – Art. 67
23. Penalty upon a person under 18 years of age – Art. 68
24. Penalty when crime committed is not wholly excusable – Art.
69
25. Successive service of sentences – Art. 70
The three-fold rule
26. Graduated Scales – Art. 71
27. Preference in the payment of civil liabilities – Art. 72
28. Presumption in regard to imposition of accessory penalties –
Art. 73
29. Penalty higher than reclusion perpetua in certain cases –
Art. 74
30. Increasing or reducing the penalty of fine by one or more
degrees – Art. 75
31. Legal period of duration of divisible penalties – Art. 76
32. Penalty is complex composed of three distinct penalties –
Art. 77
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Eleventh Week

XIV. EXECUTION AND SERVICE OF PENALTIES

A. General Provisions

1. When and How a Penalty is Executed – Art. 78

2. Suspension of the execution and service of penalties in case
of insanity – Art. 79
3. Suspension of sentence of minor delinquents – Art. 80

B. Execution of Principal Penalties

1. Death Penalty – Art. 81
2. Notification and Execution of sentence and assistance to
culprit – Art. 82
3. Suspension of execution of death sentence – Art. 83
4. Place of execution and persons who may witness – Art. 84
5. Provisions relative to the corpse of the person convicted and
burial – Art. 85
6. Reclusion perpetua, reclusion temporal, prision mayor,
prision correccional and arresto mayor – Art. 86
7. Destierro – Art. 87
8. Arresto Menor – Art. 88

XV. EXTINCTION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY

A. Total Extinction
1. How criminal liability is totally extinguished – Art. 89
a. death of convict
b. service of sentence
c. amnesty
d. absolute pardon
e. prescription
f. marriage of the offended woman
2. Prescription of Crimes – Art. 90
Computation of prescription of offenses – Art.91

3. Prescription of Penalties – Art. 92

Computation of prescription of penalties – Art. 93

B. Partial Extinction of Criminal Liability

1. Partial Extinction: - Art. 94
a. conditional pardon
b. commutation of sentence
c. good conduct allowances

2. Obligation incurred by a person granted conditional pardon –

Art. 95
3. Effect of commutation of sentence – Art. 96
4. Allowance for good conduct – Art. 97
5. Special time allowance for loyalty – Art. 98
 17

6. Who grants time allowance – Art. 99

Twelfth Week

XVI. CIVIL LIABILITY

A. Persons Civilly Liable
1. Civil Liability of person guilty of felony – Art. 100
2. Rules regarding civil liability in certain cases – Art. 101
Exceptions
4. Subsidiary civil liability of innkeepers, tavernkeepers, and
proprietors of establishments – Art. 102
5. Subsidiary civil liability of other persons – Art. 103
B. Included in Civil Liability – Art. 104
1. Restitution – Art. 105
2. Reparation – Art. 106
3. Indemnification –Art 107
C. Obligation to make restoration, reparation for damages or
indemnification for consequential damages and action to demand
the same – Art. 108
D. Share of Each Person Civilly Liable – Art. 109
E. Several and Subsidiary Liability – Art. 110
F. Obligation to make restitution in a certain case – Art. 111
G. Extinction of Civil Liability – Art. 112
H. Obligation to satisfy civil liability – Art. 113

Thirteenth Week

XVII. THE INDETERMINATE SENTENCE LAW

XVIII. PROBATION LAW

Review for Finals

*****

REFERENCES:
1. THE REVISED PENAL CODE, BOOK 1, LUIS B. REYES, 2017
EDITION, REX BOOK STORE
2. CRIMINAL LAW REVIEWER, VOLUME 1, JUDGE MARIO B.
CAMPANILLA, 2019 EDITION, REX BOOK STORE
3. CRIMINAL LAW QUESTER AND REVIEWER, JUDGE ELIZA B. YU,
2012 EDITION, CENTRAL BOOK SUPPLY
4. POINTERS IN CRIMINAL LAW, JUSTICE EDILBERTO G.
SANDOVAL, 2016 EDITION, REX BOOK STORE
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