Fragio, Ban Joseph R.

Highway Engineering

CE2 08/03/2017

Partial Depth Repair Procedures

1. Identify the Repair Limits - When it is determined that PDR is required, it is important to

properly evaluate the extent of the spalling and determine the limits of the repair. When

spalling occurs, the damage is often extended beyond the visible spalled area.
2. Remove Deteriorated Concrete - After the repair limits are determined, the delaminated
concrete needs to be removed. A typical method for removing spalled concrete is
chipping.
3. Clean the Repair Surfaces - For a PDR to succeed, good bonding between the exposed
concrete surface and repair material is essential. Without good bonding, the repair
material will be separated from the concrete due to environmental and wheel loading
stresses.
4. Place the repair materials - As described above, a number of different repair materials
have been used for PDR. There are different opinions as to which repair materials work
best. However, the general characteristics of good repair materials should include: good
bond strength, less volume change potential due to temperature and moisture variations
and strength and modulus of elasticity comparable to those of existing concrete.
5. Finish the surface - If cementitious materials are used for PDR, good curing practices are
essential. This is because the surface areas and depth of PDR are relatively small, which
makes the surface to volume ratio of the repair material applied higher than that of
typical concrete pavement.
Flexible Base Overlay

The flexible base overlay has been used as an intermediate layer of a rehabilitated pavement
structure, placed directly on top of an existing highway surface. The primary purpose, in addition
to adding additional structure, has been to resist the propagation of reflective cracks from the
old structure. The existing structure still offers good/uniform support. A suitable surface
designed for the expected traffic loading must also be planned. As such, this type of
rehabilitation can increase the overall highway profile considerably. The material proposed for
the new flexible base should be evaluated for moisture susceptibility and durability; trapping
moisture in the flexible base overlay between the old highway surface and the new surface must
be avoided.

Flexible Pavement Rehabilitation

The combined effects of traffic loading and the environment will cause pavements to deteriorate
over time. Although maintenance can slow the rate of deterioration, it cannot stop it.
Unbonded Concrete Overlay

The PCC overlay pavement rehabilitation technique consisting of a concrete layer over existing
PCC pavement with an interlayer between them to break the bond is called an unbonded
concrete overlay. The UBCO has been used successfully in many parts of the country.
While the existing PCC pavement should be in good condition for the BCO to work, an UBCO
can successfully be used where the existing pavement is in a poor condition. This is a significant
advantage of the UBCO over BCO or other rehabilitation methods. Also, not much preparation
work is needed, except for replacing/repairing shattered slabs in CPCD or punch outs in CRCP.
For the BCO, proper bond was the most critical factor affecting its performance. For the UBCO,
the slab thickness and quality of the interlayer are key. It has been shown that bituminous
mixtures are the best materials for interlayers. Part of the reason is that bituminous mixtures
have a significantly lower modulus, thus reducing curling and warping stresses in the overlaid
slab. Also, the bituminous layer provides some protection against distresses in the existing
pavement affecting the overlaid concrete.

In an UBCO, the existing PCC pavement, whether it’s CPCD or CRCP, takes the role of a
stabilized subbase like cement treated base (CTB).