NR Electric Co., Ltd.
PCS-985BT/TW/
PCS-985 transformer relay can be applied for transformer with
various voltage levels and wiring modes, and provides interfaces
for power plant automation. The full-integrated transformer
protection integrates protection, control and monitoring functions
to provide users with a comprehensive, reliable and cost-
effective solution. It supports conventional CT/VT and ECT/EVT,
and fully compatible with IEC-61850 communication.
For a large-scale transformer, two sets of PCS-985 protection
can be used to achieve duplicated protection configuration. Two
PCS-985 protections use different CT groups, and main and
backup protection in one PCS-985 share one group of CTs.
PCS-985BT provides complete protection scheme for one main
TS/T
Transformer Relay
transformer and two step-down transformers.
PCS-985TW provides complete protection scheme for
one medium to large main transformer and one step-down
transformer.
PCS-985TS provides complete protection scheme for small
main transformers, step-down transformers and startup/standby
transformers in power plants. It can be used for the transformer
with up to 4 branches at LV side.
PCS-985T provides complete protection scheme for medium to
large startup/standby transformers and step-down transformers
in power plants. It can be used for the transformer with up to 8
branches at LV side.
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 NR Electric Co., Ltd.
Functions
Protection and control
• Current differential protection of generator-transformer unit
(87GTU)
Percentage restraint current differential element is variable
slope differential element. Advanced “asynchronous method”
CT saturation detection algorithms can prevent the protection
from mal-operation caused by CT saturation during internal
fault. The fast detection of CT circuit abnormal condition can
avoid mal-operation. Unrestrained instantaneous differential
element provides high speed tripping against internal serious
fault. Inrush current can be detected via second harmon-
ic restraint principle or waveform distortion discrimination
principle. The fifth harmonic of differential current is used as
criterion of overexcitation discrimination.
• Current differential protection of main transformer (87T)
Percentage restraint current differential element is variable
slope differential element. Advanced “asynchronous method”
CT saturation detection algorithms can prevent the protection
from mal-operation caused by CT saturation during internal
fault. The fast detection of CT circuit abnormal condition can
avoid mal-operation. Unrestrained instantaneous differential
element provides high speed tripping against internal serious
fault. DPFC current differential element (only available for
PCS-985BT and PCS-985TW) can fully reflect the change
of differential current and restraint current, and it is not af-
fected by the load current and is sensitive to small internal
fault current within the generator, its performance against CT
saturation is also good. Inrush current can be detected via
second harmonic restraint principle or waveform distortion
discrimination principle. The fifth harmonic of differential cur-
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rent is used as criterion of overexcitation discrimination.
• Current differential protection of step-down transformer (87T)
Percentage restraint current differential element is variable
slope differential element. Advanced “asynchronous method”
CT saturation detection algorithms can prevent the protection
from mal-operation caused by CT saturation during internal
fault. The fast detection of CT circuit abnormal condition can
avoid mal-operation. Unrestrained instantaneous differential
element provides high speed tripping against internal serious
fault. Inrush current can be detected via second harmonic
restraint principle or waveform distortion discrimination prin-
ciple.
• Transformer restricted earth fault protection (64REF)
Transformer restricted earth fault protection is the main
protection for the internal earth fault of transformer winding.
The biased differential element with restraint characteristic is
adopted, it has independent CT saturation criterion.
• High-voltage stub cable differential current protection (87S)
It can be used as main protection of high-voltage stub cable
if it is not included in the differential protection range of start-
up/standby transformer.
• High-voltage stub cable overcurrent protection (50/51P)
Two-stage overcurrent protections are used for the high-volt-
age stub cable between the bushing of startup/standby
transformer and high voltage breakers.
• Voltage controlled overcurrent protection (50/51P)
There are two stages with two separate time delays. Com-
posite voltage element consists of phase-to-phase undervolt-
age element and negative-sequence overvoltage element.
• Reverse current protection (50/51R)
Two stages of reverse current protection are equipped, and
each stage has one time delay. During reverse current oper-
ation (i.e. current flows from system to transformer) and the
generator circuit breaker is open, the reverse current protec-
tion is enabled.
• Phase-to-phase impedance protection (21)
Two stages of impedance protection are equipped as phase-
to-phase backup protection. Full impedance, directional
impedance or shifted impedance characteristics can be se-
lected for these two stages.
• Ground overcurrent protection (50/51G)
Two-stage definite-time ground overcurrent protection and
one stage inverse-time of ground overcurrent protection with
independent current and time delay settings are available.
Residual voltage, direction element and second harmonic
blocking element can be selected to control each stage of
ground overcurrent protection.

• Gap zero-sequence overvoltage/overcurrent protection.
Gap zero-sequence protection at HV side is used for a trans-
former with neutral point grounded through a gap or small
reactance.
• Overexcitation protection (24)
Overexcitation protection is used to check the over-flux phe-
nomenon during operation of the generator and transformer.
The ratio of voltage and frequency is adopted to check over-
excitation, for the ratio is proportional to the flux density of
the protected object.
• Pole disagreement protection (62PD)
There are three current criteria for pole disagreement pro-
tection: phase current criterion, residual current criterion
and negative-sequence current criterion. The three current
criteria can be enabled or disabled independently. Pole dis-
agreement position input signal is used to initiate pole dis-
agreement protection.
• Breaker flashover protection (50F)
Before the generator-transformer unit connects with the
system, when the difference of phase angle between bus
voltage and generator voltage is around 1800, breaker flash-
over is possible. Breaker flashover protection is used in case
of this situation, and one phase and two phase flashover are
considered.
• Breaker failure initiation (50BF)
When there is an internal fault of the main transformer, the
protection operates to trip but the breaker of the transformer
fails, it needs to initiate breaker failure protection and trip ad-
jacent breakers in time.
• Residual voltage alarm at LV side (59GAlm)
Residual voltage alarm at LV side can be provided for the
transformer as the supervision of earthing fault.
Overload protection
Cooling initiation function
• Blocking on-load tap change during overload (OLTC)
Miscellaneous
• Mechanical protection (MR)
• Fault detector (FR)
• Voltage and current drift auto adjustment.
• VT circuit supervision (VTS)
• CT circuit supervision (CTS)
• Self diagnostic
• GPS clock synchronization
• Fault recorder
• IEC61850 MMS & GOOSE for station bus
• IEC60870-5-103 protocol
NR Electric Co., Ltd.
• MODBUS protocol
Features
• Parallel calculation of double DSP system
The hardware of the device comprises a 32-bit
microprocessor and two 32-bit digital signal processors
(DSP). Those processors can operate in parallel companied
by fast A/D converter. The 32-bit microprocessor performs
logic calculation and the DSP performs the protection
calculation. High performance hardware ensures real time
calculation of all protection relays within a sampling interval.
O n t h e p r e m i s e o f 2 4 s a m p l e s p e r c y c l e , a ll d a ta
measurement, calculation and logic discrimination could be
done within one sampling period. The event recording and
protection logic calculation are completed simultaneously.
• Independent fault detector
Independent fault detectors in fault detector DSP module
for connecting power supply of output relays. The relay can
drive a tripping output only when protection element on
protection DSP module operates with the fault detector in the
fault detector DSP module operating simultaneously. This
kind of independent supervision of tripping outputs using
fault detectors can avoid any mal-operation possibly caused
by any hardware component failure. This highly increases
the security.
• Configurable tripping output
The tripping output contacts can be configured by tripping
matrix and suitable to any mode of tripping.
• Fault recording function
Event records include 1024 binary input events and 1024
alarm events. Disturbance records including 64 fault
reports, and 64 disturbance waveforms, and file format of
waveform is compatible with international COMTRADE91
and COMTRADE99 file. Analog inputs and binary inputs can
be recorded, and three oscillography triggering mode are
supported, which are protection pickup triggering, manual
triggering on keypad of device, and remote triggering through
PCS-Explorer software.
• Integration of main and backup protection
Main and backup protection are integrated in one set of
protection device. Protection information is shared by all
parts. The device can record all relevant waveforms of any
fault.
• Reliable CT saturation detection
Based on the operation sequence of DPFC restraint current
element and DPFC differential current element of differential
protection, external fault with CT saturation or internal fault
can be distinguished correctly.
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