 EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

All I wanted to get is a bear, did not ask for a night club, a guy that sells Langos recomended this bar, he called a
taxi and off we go. When we got in there is a strip bar, I said lets drink a bear and we’ll go. We got 2 bears than
the girls came to ask for a drink they really insisted and we said ok, they got a bottle of wine. We were chating for
10-15 min and we asked for the bill, they told us to stay more they will dance but I insisted for the bill. When I got
the bill it was 480000 forint, I did not realized how much is it, I tought it’s about 50-60 euro I new it’s not cheap but
that turned out to be $2600 … I was very upset and made a scene there, the guy from the bar told me to calm
down and to go get the money if I want to see my friend alive again. When I heard this I panicked and I told them
that I have $900 cash with me and we’ll go, they took $900 and told me to get the rest, they send a girl with me
and she took all the cards from me and got the difference from a place called INTERCHANGE BUDAPEST a
western union place, the girls had lots of fun taking the money from the cards the one that came with me and the
clerk that worked at the agency it looked like they know each other very good. After she got all the money we got
back with the taxi. We got back at Tiamo my friend was locked in the bathroom all this time, She gave them the
money and we left – we were happy to be alive and well. After we got to the hotel we called the police and the US
ambasy to

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 EF

0
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 W،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ?   ? EF ‫א‬  ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ?‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬          ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؛‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

1
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬
 

‫א‬ ‫א‬
٣ 
 ٤  ١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٦ ‫א‬‫א‬
٩  ‫א‬‫א‬
١١ ‫א‬
١٣ ‫א‬‫א‬
١٧ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢١ 
 ٢٢  ‫א‬
٢٣ ٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٥ ‫א‬
٤٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٢  ‫א‬
 ٦٧ 
 ٦٨  ‫א‬
 ٦٩  ‫א‬‫א‬
 

2
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٣٩F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

3
 EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

4
 EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K‫ א‬K٣
‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠F  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ 
  K 
 K(Data Show) 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

5
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 WElectro-slag Welding ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬      ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، E ١٦  F ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ، E ٤٠ F   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ E١ J١F ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J١F
 
 
 

 
 K‫א‬١ J١
1. MOLTEN SLAG BATH  ‫א‬‫א‬K١
2. MOLTEN WELD POOL  ‫א‬‫א‬K٢

6
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

3. SOLIDIFIED WELD METAL  ‫א‬‫א‬K٣

4. CURVED ELECTRODE GUIDE TUBE  ‫א‬K٤
5. ELECTRODE  ‫א‬K٥
6. WATER COOLED SHOE
 K٦
7. COMPLETED WELD
 K٧
8. WORKPIECE
 ‫א‬K٨
 
 
 
 

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫ א‬٢ J١ 
1. POWER SOURCE  EF K١
2. ELECTRODE  K٢
3. ELECTRODE LEAD  ‫א‬K٣
4. CONSUMABLE GUIDE
 ‫א‬K٤

7
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

5. WORK LEAD K٥

6. WORK PIECE  ‫א‬.٦
7. WATER OUT  K٧
8. WATER IN  K٨
9. RETAINING SHOE  ‫א‬EFK٩
10. SOLIDIFIED WELD METAL  K١٠
11. MOLTEN WELD POOL  K١١
12. MOLTEN SLAG BATH  K١٢
13. WORK PIECE  ‫א‬K١٣
14. OSCILATION  K١٤
15. CONTROL PANEL
 K١٥
 
 
 W Applications‫א‬‫א‬
KE٤٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

8
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
: Plasma Arc Welding‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ١١٠٠٠   ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
concentrated  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬  ‫א‬
٣ J١‫א‬E٢ J١F‫א‬arc
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J١F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١
 
 

9
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W Applications‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K٣
.‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J١

10
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 WLaser Welding‫א‬
K‫א‬       ‫א‬       
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬KL‫א‬١٠٠٠٠‫א‬
  K  (pulse)   (continuous)      ‫א‬
K‫א‬E٥ J١F 

 K‫א‬٥ J١
 

11
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WTypes‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬WSolid State Laser K١

K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WGas Laser‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬

 W Applications‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٢‫א‬ K١
K٢٥
‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

 

12
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 WElectric Resistance Welding‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
           ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   
K     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J١F‫א‬
 

 
 
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬٦ J١
‫א‬،E٧ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

13
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧ J١
 
 WTypes‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     E F WSeam Welding ‫א‬ ‫ א‬E١
K(٨-١)‫א‬‫א‬
   W Projection Resistance Welding ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E٢
K(٩-١)‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
       W Flash Welding ‫א‬ ‫ א‬E٣
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   E ٦٥٠٠٠F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٠-١F‫א‬

 
 

 

14
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬٨-١ 
 
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬٩-١ 
 
 

15
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 K‫א‬‫א‬١٠-١
‫א‬–BK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JAW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JCK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬KDK‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 KE‫ ﻣﻢ‬٠٫١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤

16
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 WAdhesive Bonding‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
    K ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬١١ J١

 
 K١٢-١
 
 

17
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WTypes‫א‬

‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ :Epoxy ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ أﻳﺒﻮآﺴ‬

E١٣ J١Fhardener‫א‬‫א‬resin‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬          
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬    
K.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  : Urethanes ‫ ﻳﻮرﺛﺄن‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
KE١٤ J١F‫א‬K،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
   (glue)  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  :Cyanoacrylates  
KE١٥ J١F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 J١F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬:Acrylic  
KE١٦

 K‫א‬١٤ J١ ‫א‬١٣ J١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

18
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 
 ‫ أآﺮﻳﻠﻴﻚ‬١٦ J١ ‫ ﺳﻴﺎﻧﻮأآﺮﻳﻠﻴﺖ‬١٥ J١

 

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬         :Anaerobics 
KE١٧ J١F‫א‬K?‫א‬‫?א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬W‫ א‬
، ‫א‬   ،      K‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬
      ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٨ J١F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬١٧ J١

 

19
 EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 

 
 
 K١٨ J١
 W‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
  K K٢
  K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
  K K٤

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 

 W Applications‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 

20
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 ‫؟‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣
 ‫؟‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤
‫א‬‫א‬EF،‫א‬‫א‬EFW٥
W
EFK١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
  
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E
 E F K‫א‬‫א‬
 E F K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

21
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F
K‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  
     
 
         ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬  K١
        ‫؟‬‫א‬  K٢
        ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٣
        ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٤

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬????‫א‬،
 K‫א‬

 

22
 EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

23
 EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩F  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ 
  K 
 K(Data Show) 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
  Stud Welding‫א‬
 
K‫א‬    ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   K  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 Arc Stud Welding‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
KShielded Metal Arc Welding: SMAW‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
EF‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
DC-‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
E F ‫א‬KDC-transformer-rectifiermotor generator
 ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

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  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
Capacitor Discharge Stud ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Welding
 
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬       
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ١٥٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢

،١‫א‬‫א‬
 K،‫א‬‫א‬،،E‫א‬F
 

 

26
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E١ J٢F ‫א‬
‫א‬      ‫א‬       K‫א‬
 K٢ J٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٢F‫א‬

27
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٢F
‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ A
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
،B،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KC،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KD،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٢F‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  ٠{١٣‫א‬ K‫א‬
   ‫א‬   ، ٢٢   ٠{٩٨  ، ٣{٤  
١٥ ‫א‬  ٦ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

28
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬  E F 
 K ٠{٠٥  ، ٪ ٠{٠٤ ، ٪ ٠{٩ ، ٠{٢٣ ٪  
 ،  ٣٤٥ ‫א‬     ٣٨٠   
 K٥٨٠‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Flux‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬  deoxidize  ‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٢
‫א‬   ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J٢F‫א‬

29
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٥‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

30
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 FerrulesEF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
gripEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Arc Stud Welding Equipment‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  E ٦ J٢F  
    ٤  ٢  ‫א‬        ‫א‬ 
 ١٦  ٣{٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K٣٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٥

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J٢F‫א‬

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  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
Welding current-time relationship‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EL  K‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
arc ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬blow
‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

33
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Low Carbon Steel‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K٪ ٠{٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 K‫א‬melt-through‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٧ J٢F
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 Kflash

 K‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٢F

 
 Medium and High Carbon Steel‫א‬‫א‬
preheat‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 Kpost heatingEF
 

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  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Low Alloy Steel‫א‬‫א‬

High Strength Low Alloy Steels ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ٪ ٠{١٥‫א‬ (HSLA)
K‫א‬٪٠{١٥‫א‬
 ‫א‬ C ٣٠   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬     K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
      ‫א‬    C  ٣٥   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 Kfatigue loading‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 Stainless Steel‫א‬‫א‬
       ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬ E3xxF ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪١٠‫א‬
 
Nonferrous Metals‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
KMPa٢٧٥‫א‬٥٣٥٦٥٠٨٦
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
K‫א‬    5xxx 3xxx 11xx‫א‬
 K‫א‬E٨ J٢F

35
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

٩{٥٥٣٥٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨ J٢F‫א‬
 K٦{٣٥٠٨٣‫א‬

36
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢
K‫א‬
K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 
Visual Inspection of welded joints‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 
    ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EA٩F
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  EB٩F ‫א‬
 EC ٩FK‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬
ED٩FK‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    K‫א‬   EF ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
   ،EE ٩F     ‫א‬     ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF٩F‫א‬

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  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 KE٩ J٢F‫א‬
 
 
 Mechanical Testing‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬K ١٠
K‫א‬‫א‬

 

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  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٢F‫א‬

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  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  Under-water welding and cutting‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫ א‬‫ א‬  ‫ א‬   ‫א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬
‫א‬ ‫ א‬  ‫ א‬‫ א‬  ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬
  ‫ א‬ ‫א‬  ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬  
‫א‬ ،  ‫ א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 . (١١ J٢F
 
 
 

 
 

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬١١ J٢  
 K‫א‬  
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ Hyperbaric Welding‫א‬‫א‬
        E‫א‬ F     ‫א‬    K‫א‬

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  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬  

 
wet weldingE١
 dry weldingE٢
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E١٣ J٢FE١٢ J٢F‫א‬
‫א‬
K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 
 KE١٣ J٢F
   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
K٤٠٠-٣٠٠

42
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤ J٢F
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬         ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤ J٢F
‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  E١٥ J٢ F   ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،O2  H2   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

43
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KE ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  F ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   KE ٣٥  ٣٠F ‫א‬  
 .

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٥ J٢
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
:‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 K‫א‬ ‫ א‬ J٢
 K J٣
 K‫א‬EL‫א‬F  J٤
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J٥

44
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
hydrogen ‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
Kembrittlement
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬

 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 

45
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KE١٦ J٢F

 
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٦ J٢F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬  pre-heat  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
‫א‬    ‫א‬ post-heat ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K١٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬

46
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 mobile
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬ J٢
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
K ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ J١
K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

47
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Under Water Cutting ‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫ א‬  ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬  
‫ א‬‫ א‬  ، ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬   ‫ א‬ ، ‫א‬
.‫ א‬   ‫א‬   ، ‫ א‬‫א‬
 ‫ א‬  ، ‫ א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬   
  ، ‫ א‬   ‫ א‬  ‫ א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫ א‬  ‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬     
‫א‬  .   ‫ א‬  ‫ א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א א‬
 ‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫ א‬   E‫א‬F
.‫א‬  
 ‫א‬   ‫ א‬   ‫ א‬‫ א‬    
  ‫ א‬    ، ‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬  ،   ‫ א‬   ‫ א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫ א‬  ‫ א‬ .‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬‫ א‬   ،  8    ‫א‬
،  ‫ א‬‫ א‬ ‫א א‬  ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א א‬
   ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬ { ‫ א‬ 
‫ א‬   ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬
   ‫ א‬        ،‫ א‬ ‫א‬
‫ א‬ ‫ א‬    . 1400   ‫ א‬
DC  ‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬  ،‫א‬
K 40     ‫ א‬   K ‫ א‬
 ،‫א‬      ‫ א‬   
  K ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫א‬     
‫ א‬  ‫ א‬      E١٧ J٢ F
 K‫ א‬ 

48
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
  ‫ א‬ ‫א‬    E١٧ J٢F
 K‫א‬
  J٤ K‫ א‬  J٣ K   J٢ .   J١
‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦ K   J٥ K‫ א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬
 K ‫ א‬‫א‬ J٨K  J٧K
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ،  ‫ א‬  ‫א‬ ‫ א‬ 
‫ א‬  ‫א א‬  ‫ א‬‫ א‬     ،  
K‫א‬ ‫ א‬ ،     K١
   ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬ ، ‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
  .  ‫ א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬
  . ‫א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬ K٣
  ‫ א‬‫ א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫ א‬     K٤
.‫ א‬  ‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫ א‬  ‫ א‬  ‫ א‬ ‫א‬
.‫א‬‫ א‬‫ א‬ ،‫א‬
 ‫ א‬    ‫ א‬      ‫ א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ،‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫ א‬   ‫א‬ ‫ א‬    .  
  ‫ א‬  ‫ א‬ ،  ‫א‬  
     ،‫ א‬  ‫ א‬‫ א‬
 .  ‫ א‬
  ‫ א‬  ،‫ א‬‫ א‬ ‫ א‬  
   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫ א‬  
‫א‬  ،‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
   ‫ א‬  ،    ‫ א‬  
  . ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬
 ‫ א‬    ‫ א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K‫א‬
        ،‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K‫א‬
K‫א‬  ‫ א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K     K٥
 ،‫א‬ ‫ א‬   ‫ א‬  ‫ א‬ K٦
K   ‫א‬  ‫א‬      
K‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬K٧
 ‫ א‬ ،  ‫א‬ ،   ‫ א‬   K٨
 K 
K‫ א‬  EF ‫א‬   ‫א‬   K٩
K‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬  K١٠
  ،    ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬  K١١
 K   

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  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
Weld Cladding‫א‬

E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EF 
 ‫א‬    
،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ٪ ٥٠  ٥   ‫א‬  ، E   F 
‫א‬‫א‬K٪٢٠١٠‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬٠{٨‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬     K (ASTM) ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٤F،‫א‬‫א‬E٣F،‫א‬E٢F،‫א‬E‫א‬FW ،
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F،‫א‬  K E١٨ J٢F‫א‬  K
 K‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٨ J٢F

52
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEF‫א‬
      ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٢ J٢FE١٩ J٢F‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

‫א‬U‫א‬‫א‬E١٩ J٢F
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠ J٢F

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  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬U‫א‬‫א‬V‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩ J٢F
‫א‬ E  ٢٠ J٢F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   K  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 
WE٢٠ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬  ،   ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٢ J٢F E٢١ J٢F
K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢١ J٢F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٢ J٢F‫א‬

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  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬      ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ E ٢٣ J٢F‫א‬  E‫א‬‫א‬ F  ‫א‬
‫א‬ E ٢٣ J٢F  Backing Strip‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
١{٦٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   K   ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬  
‫א‬ E ٢٣ J٢F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ،‫א‬
K،‫א‬٣١{٦‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٣ J٢F‫א‬

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  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Welding defects‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   K 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K ‫א‬
 K
 
 Preheating‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬
   ‫א‬  K    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬    ٢٠٠  ١٥٠ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 Stress Relieving‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،K‫א‬
‫א‬ ٦٧٠  ٦٥٠‫א‬‫א‬K ٦٧٠  ٥٩٠‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  carbide precipitation  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬،E٣٤٧F‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬E٣٠٤FE٣١٦F‫א‬،‫א‬E٣٢١F‫א‬
KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٪٠{٠٣‫א‬
 
 

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  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢٤ J٢F    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    K ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٤ J٢F‫א‬
 K‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W
 

57
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   E٢٥ J٢ F‫א‬ 
١٠‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E١٦‫א‬١٨gauge ‫א‬F‫א‬
 KE٤{٥‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٦ J٢‫א‬
 K٣٢‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٥ J٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬

58
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٦ J٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EE-6030FEE-6020F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EE-6011FEE-6010F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

59
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬EE-6013F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 dilution‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K٪٤٠١٠‫א‬
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬       K   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K   ‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
direct current ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Kreverse polarity
   K ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 Kalternating current‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  
K‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬         ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٢ J٢٥FE٢٠ J٢٥F‫א‬ J
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬KHeat Affected Zone‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،sensitizing temperature range‫א‬‫א‬
  ٪ ٦٠  ٤٠   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  K ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
weldment  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
‫א‬ E ٢٧ J٢ F ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬F  restrain
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Kgalvanic action‫א‬

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  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬E٢٧ J٢F‫א‬

 E٤٠٥F‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬      ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    pre-heat   ‫א‬‫א‬   K ‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬E٤٣٠F‫א‬E٤١٠F‫א‬‫א‬
E٤١٠FK as-welded ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٤٣٠FK‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬    K grain coarsening      
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، ٢٠٠  ١٥٠‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٢٥FE٢٠ J٢٥F
‫א‬‫א‬E٢٨ J٢F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬E٢٨ J٢F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E٣٠٢FE٣٠١F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ، ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬   
   K high-corrosive environments ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ،‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٢٥FE٢٠ J٢٥F
 
 E٣٠٨F‫א‬‫א‬E٣٠٤F‫א‬
٪ ٢٠٪ ٢٥ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٩–١٩FE٢٠ J٢٥F
 
 ‫א‬E٣٤٧FE٣٢١F‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
E٢٠ J٢٥F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬ E ٩ J١٩ F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، E ١٢ J٢٥ F 
E ١٢ J٢٥ F  E ٢٠ J٢٥ F ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٢٥FE١٢ J٢٥F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

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  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E٣٠٩F‫א‬
 E٢٠ J٢٥F‫א‬
 
 E٣١٠F‫א‬
E ٢٠ J٢٥F ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،K
 K
 
 ‫א‬E٣١٦F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  K E ٩ J١٩ F ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ،     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
   ٪ ٠{٣    E٣١٦F ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣١٦F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
  K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     
 K‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬K‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

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  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   E  ٪ ٢٠   ٪ ٨٠ F ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬E ٢٠ J٨٠F
 KE٦،١٤،٧٨F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
E٢٠–٨٠F‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ K  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 E ٢٠ ٧٠F‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

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  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣
‫א‬‫א‬EF،‫א‬‫א‬EFW٤
W
‫אא‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 E F K‫א‬
 E F K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
K٦٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 E F 
 E F K٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 E F 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

66
  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F
K‫א‬
 E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ 
    
 
         ‫؟‬‫א‬  K١
        ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٢
        ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٤
       
‫؟‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٥
       
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
        ‫؟‬‫א‬ K٦

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬????‫א‬،
 K‫א‬

 
 
 

67
  EF‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 –
‫א‬–
K–K
Jung . Pahl . Schröder
Larry Jrffus
Linnert/ American Welding Society
American Welding Society
William Callister
David Rethwisch
‫ ﺑﻮﻧﻴﻔﺎس روﺳﻲ‬:‫ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ‬
‫ أﻧﻮر ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬.‫ د‬:‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ‬
‫ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﻓﻬﻤﻲ‬:‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ‬
Saiful Rizah Uayan- VID/QCU
68
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
١٩٨٥‫א‬
 ١٩٧٧‫א‬‫א‬
Fachpraxis Metal mit
Arbeitsplanung und CNC-Technik
1990
Welding principles and applications-
3rd. Edition
Welding Metallurgy- Volume 2
Welding Handbook- Volume 2-
Eighth Edition
Materials Science and Engineering-
8th. Edition- Wiley
‫ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺄﻧﻲ‬-‫هﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬
PPT- Saudi ARAMCO “Underwater
Welding & Inspection Presentation”