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Circuits 1

Circuit Problems
Compilation

12 / 17 / 2015
Ohms Law

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Easy
Draw the currents direction

Answer : A. going to right


B. going to right
C. No current
D. going to left
E. going to left

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Easy
Find Req for the circuit shown below

Answer: Req = 14.4 ohms

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 47

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Easy

What is the dc source voltage?

Answer : 78 V

http://www.indiabix.com/electronics/series-circuits/
Easy page 40

For the circuit given below, find the voltages v1 and v2

Answer : V1 = 8V, V2= -12V

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 40

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Easy
What are the minimum and maximum output voltages?

Answer : 0 V, 16 V
Easy
In the circuit given, what is the ammeter current reading?

Answer : 2mA
Easy
Find the currents and voltages in the circuit shown.

Answer: i1=3A, i2=2A, i3=1A

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 42

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Medium Page 41

Find v1 and v2 in the circuit

Solution:
Total Voltage Source = 32 + (-8V) = 24V
V1 = 24 ( 4 / 4+2) = 16V
V2 = 24 ( -2 / 4+2) = -8V

Answer: v1=16V, v2=-8v

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 41

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Medium

Transform the wye network to a delta network

Solution:

Ra= [(10)(20)+(10)(40)+(20)(40)] / 10 = 140 Ω


Ra= [(10)(20)+(10)(40)+(20)(40)] / 20 = 70 Ω
Ra= [(10)(20)+(10)(40)+(20)(40)] / 40 = 35 Ω

Answer: Ra = 140 Ω, Rb = 70 Ω, Rc = 35 Ω

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 40

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Medium Page 43

Find the currents and voltages in the circuit shown below.

Solution:

First solve for node voltage VA


Using KCL
(10-VA)/2=VA/8 + VA-(-6V)/4
VA = 4V
V1 = 10-4=6V
V2 = VA = 4V
V3 = 4 – (-6) = 10V
Answer : v1=6V, v2=4V, v3=10V, i1=3A, i2=500mA, i3=1.25A

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 42

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Medium Page 52

For the circuit shown below, find v1 and v2

Answer: v1 = 45V, v2 = 60V

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 52

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Medium Page71

Find R for the circuit given

Solution:
Using KVL
20V - 10V - V10Ω + 30V = 0
V10Ω = 40V
I = 40V / 10Ω = 4A
R = 10V / 4A = 2.5 Ω

Answer : R = 2.5 ohms

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 52

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Medium
Find the Ammeter and Voltmeter reading

Solution:
V = 0V because of the ammeter connected
parallel in it.
Ω A = 12V / 4K = 3mA

Answer = 0V, 3mA


Medium
Find the unknown voltage source and resistor for the networks of Fig. 5.76. Also
Indicate the direction of the resulting current.

Answer: R = (12/16)(2k) = 1.5k ohms


E = 8 + 12 + 6 + 16 = 42V

Introductory Circuit Analysis 10th edition Boylestad

Page 162

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Medium

In the circuit given below, find the value of the current source Is if Io = 1A

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 130

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Medium
For the network in the figure given
a. Determine the open-circuit voltage VL
b. If the 2.2-kΩ resistor is short circuited, what is the new value of VL?
c. Determine VL if the 4.7-kΩ resistor is replaced by an open circuit.

Answer : 2.87 V, 9 V, 9 V

Introductory Circuit Analysis 10th edition Boylestad

Page 211

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Medium
Find Req and io in the circuit

Solution:
80||20 + 12||6
= 16 + 4 = 20 Ω
Req = 2.5 + 15||20||60
Req = 2.5 + 7.5 = 10 Ω
Io = 35 V/10 Ω = 3.5A

Note: Req is the total resistance in the given circuit

Answer : Req = 10 ohms , Io = 3.5 A

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 71

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Hard

Determine vo and i in the circuit shown below

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 41

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Hard

Find the equivalent resistance Rab in the circuit

Solution:
Rab = 10 + 8 + 5||20 + 6||3
Rab = 10 + 8 + 4 + 2
Rab = 24 Ω

Answer: Rab = 24 ohms

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 73

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Hard

Calculate the equivalent resistance Rab in the circuit

Solution:
Rab = [{(1+5)||4||12} +1] ||6||3 + 10
Rab = 3||6||3 + 10
Rab = 1.2 + 10
Rab = 11.2Ω

Answer : Rab = 11.2 Ω

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 48

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Hard

Obtain the equivalent resistance at the terminals a-b for each of the circuits given
Solution:
R1 = (10*10)/(10+10+20) = 2.5Ω
R2 = (10*20)/(10+10+20) = 5Ω
R3 = (10*0)/(10+10+20) = 5Ω
Rab = { (2.5+10)||(20+5) + 5} || 30
Rab = (12.5||25 + 5 ) || 30
Rab = (8.333 +5)||30
Rab = 13.333||30
Rab = 9.231 Ω

R1 = (20*30)/(10+20+30) = 10Ω
R2 = (20*10)/(10+20+30) = 3.333Ω
R3 = (30*10)/(10+20+30) = 5Ω
Rab = 25 + 5 + { (15+10)||(5+3.333) }
Rab = 30 + 6.25
Rab = 36.25
Answer: a.) 9.231 ohms b.) 36.25 ohms

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 74

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Diodes

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Easy
An ideal diode presents a(n) ________ when reversed-biased and a(n) ________ when
forward-biased.

A. open, short
B. short, open
C. open, open
D. short, short

http://www.indiabix.com/electronic-devices/semiconductors/201003
Easy
Determine the peak value of the output waveform.

A. 25 V
B. 15 V
C. -25 V
D. -15 V

http://www.indiabix.com/electronic-devices/diode-applications/103002
Easy
A silicon diode measures a low value of resistance with the meter leads in both
positions. The trouble, if any, is

A. the diode is open.


B. the diode is shorted to ground.
C. the diode is internally shorted.
D. the diode is working correctly.

http://www.indiabix.com/electronic-devices/semiconductors/
Medium
Find the voltage drop across the resistors

Solution:
RT = 12||12 + 2 + 4
RT = 12 Ω
V2Ω = 11.3 V(2/12) = 1.8833 V
V4Ω = 11.3 V(4/12) = 3.7667 V
V12Ω = 11.3 V (6/12) = 5.65 V

Answer: V12 = 5.65V, V2 = 1.8833V, V4 = 3.7667

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KCL , KVL

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Easy

What is the voltage at points B to D in the given circuit?

Answer: 19.2 V

http://www.indiabix.com/electronics/series-circuits/110002
Easy

Find i1 through i4 in the circuit below


Solution:
RT = 200||50||60||40
RT = 15 Ω
VT = 15 Ω * 16 A = 240 V
I1 = 240 / 50 = 4.8 A
I2 = 240 / 200 = 1.2 A
I3 = 240 / 40 = 6 A
I4 = 240 / 60 = 4A

Answer: i1 = 4.8 A, i2 = 1.2 A, i3 = 6 A, i4 = 4 A

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 71

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Medium

Find vo in the given circuit

Solution:
Using KCL
Vo/2 + (Vo- Va)/3 = 0
Vo = 0.4Va
(0.4Va - Va)/3 + 5 + (12 – Va)/5 = 0
2Va – 5Va + 75 + 36 – 3Va = 0
Va = 111 / 6 = 18.5
Vo = 0.4 (18.5) = 7.4 V
Answer: 7.4 V

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 132

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Medium Page 48

Find the current io and voltage vo in the circuit shown below

Solution:
Io = Vo / 4
0.5Vo/4 + 3 = Vo/4
Vo - 0.5Vo = 12
Vo = 24V
Io = 24V / 4Ω = 6A

Answer: io = 6 A, vo = 24 V

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page134

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Medium
Determine the voltages at the nodes
Solution:

@node1
3 = (V1-V2)/2 + (V1-V3)/4
12 = 2V1-2V2+V1-V3
Eq.1) 12 = 3V1 -2V2 - V3
@node2
(V1-V2)/2 = V2/4 + (V2-V3)/8
4V1-4V2 = 2V2 + V2 - V3
Eq.2) 4V1 – 7V2 + V3 = 0
@node3
(V1-V3)/4 +(V2-V3)/8 = 2(V1-V2)/2
Answers: v1 = 4.8 V, v2 = 2.4 V, v3 = -2.4 V 2V1-2V3 + V2-V3 = 8V1 - 8V2
Eq.3) -6V1 + 9V2 -3V3 = 0

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 87

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Medium

Obtain the node voltages in the circuit Solution:

@node1
3 = (V1-V2)/6 + V1/2
18 = V1-V2+3V1
Eq.1) 18 = 4V1 -V2
@node2
(V1-V2)/6 = V2/7 + 12
7V1-7V2 = 6V2 + 504
Eq.2) 504 = 7V1 - 13V2
Answers: v1 = -6V, v2 = -42 V

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 85

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Medium

Solve for vx in the circuit Solution:

@nodeVx
(25-Vx)/20 + 5 + 0.1Vx - Vx/4= 0
25 - Vx + 100 + 2Vx -5Vx= 0
125 = 4Vx
Vx = 31.25

Answer: vx = 31.25 V

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 134

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Hard

Solve for the value of I in the circuit


Solution:

Using Superposition
Current Source Off
Ia = (8V-6V)/(6Ω +2Ω +8Ω ) = 125mA
Voltage sources off
RT = (8+6)||2 = 1.75 Ω
VT = 1.75 * 2 = 3.5 V
IB = 3.5V / 14 Ω = 250mA
Answer: 375 mA I = 125mA + 250mA = 375mA

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 135

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Hard
For the circuit shown, fin d the node voltages v1 and v2

Answers: v1 = -7.333 V, v2 = -5.333 V

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 90

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Hard
Find v1, v2, and v3 in the circuit using nodal analysis
Solution:

Using Mesh
1st loop: (4+2)I1 – 4I2 = 25
2nd loop: (4+3)I2 – 4I1 = -5i
I1 = 3.804 A
V1 = 3.804 (2) = 7.608 V
V2 = 7.608 – 25 = -17.392V
5I = V3 – (-17.39)
5(3.804) – 17.39 = V3
V3 = 1.63 V

Answers: v1 = 7.608 V, v2 = -17.392 V, v3 = 1.6305 V

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 93

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Transistors

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Medium

For the transistor in the figure given, let β = 100 and VBE = 0.7 V.
Determine Vo and VCE
Solution:

5 – 10k(IB) – 0.7 – 0.2K(IB)(β+1) = 0


IB = 4.3V / (10K + 0.2K(β+1))
IB = 142.38 uA
IC = 14.238 mA
IE = 14.381 mA
Vo = 14.381 mA (200) = 2.876 V
VCE = 12 – 500(14.238 mA) – 2.876V
VCE = 2.005 1.984

Answer: vo = 2.876 V, VCE = 1.984 V

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 110

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Medium
In the circuit shown in Fig. 1.53, If β = 50, find IE, IB, IC and VC

https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=OfS6U4oh4cgC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fil&source=gbs_ge_summar
y_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false

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Medium
For a circuit shown below, VCC = 20 V, RC = 2 kΩ, β = 50, VBEact = 0.2 V
Calculate for IB, VCE & IC

Solution:

Using Thevenin first


VBB = 20V ( 5 / 100 + 5 )
VBB = 0.95 V
RTH = 100||5 = 4.762k Ω
0.95 – 4.762k(IB) – 0.2 – 0.1k(IB)(β+1) = 0
IB = 0.75V / (4.762K + 0.1k(β+1))
IB = 76.29 uA
IC = 3.814 mA
IE = 3.8785 mA
VCE = 20 – 2k(3.814 mA) – 0.1k(3.8785 mA)
VCE = 11.984 V

Answer: IB = 76.29 uA, IC = 3.814 mA, VCE = 11.983 V

https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=OfS6U4oh4cgC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fil&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=
0#v=onepage&q&f=false
1 - 35

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Medium
Refer to this figure. The value of VCE is:

Answer: 9.9 V

http://www.indiabix.com/electronic-devices/bipolar-junction-transistors/207003
Medium
Refer to this figure. The value of VBC is:

Answer: –9.2 V

http://www.indiabix.com/electronic-devices/bipolar-junction-transistors/207002

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Hard

The transistor circuit has β = 80 and VBE = 0.7 V. Find Vo and Io.

Solution:

1 – 120k(IB) – 0.7 = 0
IB = 0.3V /120k
IB = 2.5 uA
IC = 200 uA
IE = 202.5 uA

Using KCL
200 uA + Vo/20k = (20 – Vo)/10k
Vo = 12 V
Io = 12 / 20k
Io = 600 uA
Answer: 12 V, 600 uA

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 112

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Hard

For the BJT circuit, β = 150 and VBE = 0.7 V. Find vo.

Answer: vo = 14.575 V

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

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Hard
Design the bias circuit below for VCC = 9V to provide VCC/3 V across RE and RC,
IE = 0.5 mA, and the voltage divider current of 0.2IE, as shown. Design the circuit
For large β, then find the actual value obtained for IE with a BJT having β = 100
Solution:

http://whites.sdsmt.edu/classes/ee320/notes/320Lecture17.pdf

Page 5
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Hard
Solve for IREF and IO if VCC = 12 V, VBE = 0.7 V, and R = 1k ohms and having
a β = 25.

Note: Ideally, Io = IC

Answer : IREF = (VCC – VBE) / R = 11.3 mA


IO = IC = IREF / ( 1 + 2/β) = 10.46 mA

http://tera.yonsei.ac.kr/class/2005_2/lecture/lect25.pdf

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Operational Amplifier

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Easy
Refer to the given figure. A square-wave input is applied to this amplifier. The output
voltage is most likely to be

A. a square wave.
B. a triangle wave.
C. a sine wave.
D. no output.

http://www.indiabix.com/electronic-devices/basic-op-amp-circuits/

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Easy
Refer to the given figure. This circuit is known as

A. a noninverting amplifier.
B. a differentiator.
C. an integrator.
D. a summing amplifier.

http://www.indiabix.com/electronic-devices/basic-op-amp-circuits/

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Easy
Refer to the given figure. Determine the output voltage, VOUT.

A. 1.05 V
B. –0.35 V
C. 0.35 V
D. –1.05 V

http://www.indiabix.com/electronic-devices/basic-op-amp-circuits/225004

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Easy
Determine the output voltage when V1 = –V2 = 1 V.

A.0 V
B.–2 V
C.1 V
D.2 V

http://www.indiabix.com/electronic-devices/op-amp-applications/

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Easy

Refer to the op amp in Fig.5.12. If vi = 0.5 V, calculate: (a) the output voltage vo, and
(b) The current in the 10-kΩ resistor

Answer: vo = -1.25 V, i = 50 uA

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

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Easy

If vs = 0 in the circuit of Fig.5.41, find the current io

Answer: Io = -10 uA

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

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Medium
Find vo and io in the circuit in Fig.

Solution:

Vo = 20 mV ( 12/3 + 1) ( 10/4 + 1) =
Vo = 350 mV
Io = { (350 mV – 20mV(12/3 +1) } / 10k
Io = 25 uA

Answer: vo = 350 mV, io = 25 uA

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

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Medium
Determine vo in the op amp circuit shown .

Answer: vo = -6 V

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 183

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Medium
Refer to the given figure. If Vin = 5 V, the rate of change of the output voltage in
response to a single pulse input is:

A. 15.2 mV/us
B. 1.52 V/us
C. 1.52 mV/us
D. 15.2 V/us

http://www.indiabix.com/electronic-devices/basic-op-amp-circuits/225003

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Medium
Find vo and io in the op amp circuit shown in the given figure

Answer: -3.8 V, -1.425 mA

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

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Medium
Determine vo for each of the op amp circuits

Answer: 2 V, 2 V

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

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Medium

Determine the voltage gain vo/vi of the op amp circuit.

Solution:

VA = VI (R2 / R2+R1)
Vo = VA ( R2/R1 +1) or VA (R2 + R1 / R1)
Vo /VI = (R2 / R2 + R1)(R2 + R1 / R1)
Vo/VI = R2 / R1

Answer: voltage gain = R2 / R1

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

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Medium
Find vo and io in the circuit

Solution:

VA = 1 (90 / 90+10)
VA = 0.9V
Vo = 0.9V ( 100 / 50 + 1)
Vo = 2.7 V
Io = (2.7–0.9)/100k + 2.7/10k
Io = 288 uA

Answer: 2.7 V, 288 uA

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

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Medium

Refer to the op amp circuit. Calculate ix and the power absorbed by the 3 kΩ resistor

Solution:

VA = 1mA (4k)
VA = 4V
Vo = 4V ( 1/2 + 1)
Vo = 6 V
Io = (6-4)/1k
Io = -2mA (opposite current direction)
Answer: ix= -2mA

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

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Medium
Determine vo and io in the op amp circuit

Solution:

VA = 1.2 V
Vo = 1.2 V ( 200/50 + 1)
Vo = 6 V
Io = (6-1.2)/200k
Io = 24 uA

Answer: 6 V, 24 uA

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 192

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Medium
Calculate the input voltage if the final output is 10.08 V.

Solution:

Vin = 10.08(-5/100)(-5/5)(5/{5+10})
Vin = 0.168 V

Answer: 0.168 V

http://www.indiabix.com/electronic-devices/op-amp-applications/121002

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Medium
Calculate the output voltage if V1 = V2 = 700 mV.

Solution:

VO1 = 700mV(-500k/250k)
VO1 = -1.4 V

Using KCL
1.4V/100k – 700mV/50k = VO /500k
Answer: 0 V 14 uA – 14 uA = VO/500k
VO = 0V

http://www.indiabix.com/electronic-devices/op-amp-applications/121003

67 | Maxim Integrated | Company Confidential


Hard
Determine the output voltage vo in the circuit below.

Solution:
@node 1
2mA + (VO-VA)/10k =VA/5k + VA/20k
40 + 2VO – 2VA = 4VA + VA
40 = 7VA – 2VO
@node VO
(VO-VA)/10k + VO/10k = 0
2VO = VA
By substitution
40 = 7 (2VO ) – 2V
Answer : vo = 10/3 V 40 = 12 V
VO = 10/3 or 3.333 V

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 203

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Hard
Calculate vo in the circuit given.
Solution:

VA = 3V (8k / 4k + 8k)
VA = 2V
Vo = 2V ( 5/2 + 1)
Vo = 7 V

Answer: vo = 7V

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 185

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Hard
Obtain io in the instrumentation amplifier circuit

Solution:

VA = 7V (40k / {20k + 40k} )


VA = 14/3 V
(14/3 - Vo )/40k = (6.98- 14/3) / 20k
14/3 - Vo = 13.96 – 28/3
14 - 3VO = 41.88 – 28
VO = 40mV
IO = 40mV/50k
IO = 800 nA

Answer: 800 nA

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 191

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Hard

Calculate ix and vo in the circuit.


Solution:

VO = 4mV (50k/10k + 1)
VO = 24 mV
R = 30||60 + 20
R = 40k Ω
iX = 24mV / 40k
iX = 0.6 uA

Answer: Vo = 12 mV, ix = 0.6 uA

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

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Capacitor

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Medium
Find the equivalent capacitance seen between terminal a and b of the circuit

Answer: 20 uF

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

Page 224

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Medium
For the circuit in the figure given, find the voltage across each capacitor

Solution:

Ceq = (40+20)||30||20
Ceq = 10mF
QT = 30V *10mF = 0.3 C
V1 = 0.3 / 20mF = 15 V
V2 = 0.3 / 30mF = 10 V
Answer: v1 = 15V, v2 = 10V, v3 = 5V V3 = 30 - 15 - 10 = 5V

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

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Medium
Find the voltage across each of the capacitors
Solution:

Ceq = { (30||60)+20 } || 40
Ceq = 20mF
QT = 90V *20uF = 1.8 mC
V1 = 1.8 mC / 40uF = 45 V
V2 = 90 - 45= 45 V
C34 = 20 uF
Q34 = 20 uF * 45V = 900 uC
Answer: v1 = 45V, v2 = 45V, v3 = 15V, v4 = 30V V3 = 900uC/60uF= 15 V
V4 = 900uC/30uF= 30 V

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th Edition by Charles K. Alexander| Matthew N.O. Sadiku

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Hard
If the switch in the circuit opens at t = 0, find v(t) for t >/= 0

Solution:

V = 24V (12||4 ) / ({12||4} +6)


V = 8V
When t > 0,
RT = 4||12 = 3 Ω
V2 = 90 - 45= 45 V
Answer: 8e-2t V C34 = 20 uF
Q34 = 20 uF * 45V = 900 uC
V3 = 900uC/60uF= 15 V
V4 = 900uC/30uF= 30 V

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Hard
Refer to the circuit in the figure, Let Vc(0) = 60 V. Determine vc, vx, and io for t >/= 0.

Solution:

RT = (12||6) + 8 = 12 Ω
VC = VC(0)e-t/(1/3)(12)
VC = 60e-0.25t
VX = (60e-0.25t)(4/(4+8))
Answer: vc = 60e-0.25t, vx = 20e-0.25t, io = -5e-0.25t VX = 20e-0.25t
iO = C dV/dt
iO = (1/3 F) (-0.25)(60e-0.25t )
iO = -5e-0.25t

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Hard
The switch in the circuit has been position A for a long time. At t = 0,
The switch moves to B. Determine v(t) for t > 0 and calculate its value at
T = 1 s and 4 s
Solution:

V(t) = v(∞) + [ v(0) - v(∞) ] e-t/RC


v(0) = 24 (5/{5+8}) = 15V
v(∞) = 30V @ t > 0
V(t) = 30 + (15 - 30) e-t/(4k)(0.5mF)
V(t) = (30 - 15e-0.5t) V
v(1) = (30 - 15e-0.5(1)) V = 20.9 V
v(4) = (30 - 15e-0.5(4)) V = 27.97 V
Answer: v(t) = (30 - 15e-0.5t) V;
v(1) = 20.9 V
v(4) = 27.97 V

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Hard

Find the step response vo(t) for t > 0 in the op amp circuit. Let vi = 2u(t) V, R1 = 20 kΩ ,
Rf = 50kΩ , R2 = R3 = 10 kΩ , C = 2 uF.
Solution:

VO1 = 2u(t) (-50k/20k) = -5u(t)


vTH = -5u(t) (10k/20k) = -2.5u(t)
RTH = 10k||10k = 5k
vO(t) = -2.5u(t) (1 – e-t/(5k)(2uF) )
vO(t) = -2.5u(t) (1 – e-100t)
vO(t) = 2.5 ( e-100t - 1 ) u(t) V

Answer: vo (t) = 2.5(e-100t – 1) u(t) V

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Hard
Sketch the output voltage for the circuit in Fig. (a), given the input voltage
in Fig. (b).

Answer:

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Inductors

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Easy
Find the equivalent inductance of the circuit shown

Answer: 18 H

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Hard
The switch in the circuit of Fig. 7.16 has been closed for a long time. At t = 0,
The switch is opened. Calculate i(t) for t > 0.

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Hard
For the circuit given, i(t) = 4(2 – e-10t) mA. If i2(0) = - 1 mA,
find: (a) i1(0); (b) v(t), v1(t), and v2(t); (c) i1(t) and i2(t)

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RC Charging
• Vin – VR – VC = 0 VR = IRR ; IR=IC= C(dVC/dt)
• – RC (dVc/dt) = Vc–Vin
• ∫(dVc/Vc– Vin) = ∫(-dt/RC)
• ln(Vc–Vin) – ln(-Vin) = -t/RC
• ln((Vc–Vin )/-Vin) = -t/RC
• (Vc–Vin )/-Vin = e-t/RC
• Vc–Vin = -Vin e-t/RC
• Vc = Vin-Vin e-t/RC
• Vc = Vin (1 - e-t/RC )

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RC Discharging
• – VR – VC = 0 VR = IRR ; IR=IC= C(dVC/dt)
• – RC (dVc/dt) = Vc
• ∫(dVc/Vc) = ∫(-dt/RC) Vo = initial voltage
• ln(Vc) – ln(Vo) = -t/RC
• ln(Vc/Vo) = -t/RC
• Vc/Vo= e-t/RC
• Vc = Voe-t/RC )

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