EXPERIMENT NO.

Objective: To study and understand 4-to-1 Multiplexer and 1-to-4 Line Demultiplexer

Multiplexing means transmitting many information units over a smaller number of channels
or lines to minimize the number of circuits or communication channels. Demultiplexing is
the reverse process of multiplexer. It is to break one data or information stream into several
streams, transfer them simultaneously over several communication channels, and recreate
the original data stream.

Multiplexer: A digital multiplexer is a combinational circuit that selects binary information

from one of many input lines and directs it to a single output line. The selection of a
particular input line is controlled by a set of selection lines. The selection of a particular
input line is controlled by a set of selection lines.

Normally, there are 2n input lines and n selection lines whose bit combinations determine
which input is selected. A 4-line to 1-line multiplexer is shown in Fig.1 each of the four input
lines, D0 to D3, is applied to one input of an AND gate. Selection lines S1 and S0 are decoded
to select a particular AND gate. The Function Table-1 lists the input-to-output path for each
possible bit combination of the selection lines.

When this MST function is used in the design of a digital system, it is represented in block
diagram form as shown in Fig.2 To demonstrate the circuit operation, consider the case
when S1S0 = 10. The AND gate associated with input D2 has two of its inputs equal to 1 and
the third input connected to D2. The other three AND gates have at least one input equal to
0, which makes their output equal to 0.

A multiplexer is often abbreviated as MUX. Multiplexer ICs may have an enable input to
control the operation of the unit. When the enable input is in a given binary state, the
outputs are disabled, and when it is in the other state (the enable state), the circuit
functions as a normal multiplexer. The enable input (sometimes called strobe) can be used
to expand two or more multiplexer ICs to a digital multiplexer with a larger number of
inputs. In some cases two or more multiplexers are enclosed within one IC package. The
selection and enable inputs in multiple-unit ICs may be common to all multiplexers.

Procedure:

1. first make sure that toggle switches of input section are Off (i.e. in downward direction).

2. Connect bits I0, I1, I2, I3, I4 and I5 of Input Section to the inputs D0, D1, D2, D3 and
selection lines S1 and S2 of 4-to-1 Line Multiplexer respectively.

3. Connect outputs of the Multiplexer Y to O1 or any other terminal of the Output Section.

4. Connect +5V adaptor on the DC socket provided on the trainer.

5. Switch On the power supply.

6. Now using toggle switches of Input Section provide input to the multiplexer as per below
truth table. (In the observation table)

7. Observe the outputs, record it in observation table and verify & compare the outputs of
this truth table with table
Demultiplexer: A demultiplexer is a circuit that receives information on a single line and
transmits this information on one of 2n possible output lines. The selection of a specific
output line is controlled by the bit values of n selection lines. Fig. 3 shows a 1-to-4 Line
Demultiplexer.

Figure 4 E line is taken as a data input line and lines S1 and S0 are taken as the selection
lines. This is shown in Fig.4 .The single input variable E has a path to all four outputs, but the
input information is directed to only one of the output lines, as specified by the binary value
of the two selection lines S1 and S0. This can be verified from the truth table of this circuit,
shown in Table2
 If the input value E = 1 then all outputs are maintained at 1 irrespective of the values of
selection lines S1 and S0. E = 1, then all outputs = 1 and if the Selection Lines S1S0 = 00, then
output D0 = E, while all other outputs are maintained at1. Selection Lines S1S0 = 01, then
output D1 = E, while all other outputs are maintained at1. Selection Lines S1S0 = 10, then
output D2 = E, while all other outputs are maintained at1and Selection Lines S1S0 = 11, then
output D3 = E, while all other outputs are maintained at t1

Procedure:

1. First make sure that toggle switches of input section are Off (i.e. in downward direction).

2. Connect bits I0, I1 and I2 of Input Section to the inputs E, S1 and S0 of 1-to-4 Line
Demultiplexer respectively.

3. Connect outputs of the Demultiplexer D0, D1, D2 and D3 to O1, O2, O3 and O4 of the
Output Section. 4. Connect +5 V adaptors on the DC socket provided on the trainer.

5. Switch On the power supply.

6. Now using toggle switches of Input Section provide input to the demultiplexer as per
below truth table. (In the observation table)

7. Observe the outputs, record it in observation table and verify & compare the outputs of
this truth table with table 2