PERHITUNGAN MENGGUNAKAN DATA DESAIN

1. Menghitung Heat Balance (Q)

Q pada Raw Oil (Shell Side – Cold Fluid AR dan DMAR)
Diketahui :
m = 179505 kg/hr = 395740,784 lb/hr
Cp = 0,596 kcal/kg ℃ = 0,0317 Btu/lb ℉
Δt = 59 oF
q = m.cp.Δt
= 395740,784 lb/hr . 0,0317 Btu/lb ℉. 59 oF
= 740153.9883 Btu/hr

Q pada Net Bottoms (Tube Side – Hot Fluid DCO)

Diketahui :
M = 40904 kg/hr = 90177,884lb/hr
Cp = 0,5395 kcal/kgoC = 0,028711 Btu/lboF

ΔT = 163 oF
Q = M.Cp.ΔT
= 90177,884 lb lb/hr . 0,028711 Btu/lboF . 163oF
= 422022,84809 Btu/hr

2. Menghitung ΔTLMTD
Hot Fluid Cold Fluid
500 oF Higher temp 363,2 oF Δt2 = 136,8 oF
368,6 oF Lower temp 336,2 oF Δt1 = 32,4 oF
131,4 oF Difference 27 oF Δt2 – Δt1 = 104,4 oF

(Δt2 – Δt1) 104,4

LMTD = Δt2 = 136,8 = 72,4818℉
𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛
Δt1 32,4

𝑇 −𝑇 131,4 𝑡 −𝑡 27
R = 𝑡1−𝑡2 = = 4,8667 S = 𝑇2 −𝑡1 = 500−336,2 = 0,1648
2 1 27 1 1

FT = 0,98 ; Fig.18
Δt = ΔTLMTD . FT = 158,441 × 0,98 = 155,2722℉
 3. Menghitung Temperature Caloric
∆𝑡𝑐 32.4
 = 136,8 = 0.2368
∆𝑡ℎ

Kc = 0,4 ; Fc = 0,375 ; Fig.17

Tc = T2 + Fc (T1 – T2) = 368.6+ 0,375 (500 – 368,6) = 417,875 oF
tc = t1 + Fc (t2 – t1) = 336.2 + 0,375 (363,2 – 336,2) = 346,325 oF

Evaluasi Perpindahan Panas (Rd)

Shell Tube
ID = 970 mm = 3,1826 ft = 38,1908 in Number = 540
Baffle Space (B) = 400 mm = 15,7737 in L = 6100 mm = 20,013 ft
Passes (n) = 1 BWG = 12
OD = 25,4 mm = 1 in
c’ = PT – OD Tube Pitch = Rectangular = 31,75 mm = 1,25 in
= 1,25 in – 1 in Passes = 12
= 0,25 in

4. Flow Area 4. Flow Area

𝑎𝑠 =
𝐼𝐷 ×𝑐 ′ ×𝐵
=
38,1908in × 0,25 in × 15,7737 in a’t = 0,479 𝑖𝑛2
144 × 𝑃𝑟 144 × 1,25 𝑖𝑛
𝑁𝑡 × 𝑎′𝑡 540 × 0,479 𝑖𝑛2
= 0,8367 𝑓𝑡 2 𝑎𝑡 = = = 0,1497 𝑓𝑡 2
144 × 𝑛 144 ×12

5. Mass Velocity 5. Mass Velocity

𝑊 395740,7840𝑙𝑏/ℎ𝑟 𝑊 90177,884 𝑙𝑏/ℎ𝑟
Gs = 𝑎 = Gt = 𝑎 =
𝑠 0,8367 𝑓𝑡 2 𝑡 0,1497 𝑓𝑡 2

𝑙𝑏 𝑙𝑏
=472978.1 ℎ𝑟 𝑓𝑡 2 = 602390,7 ℎ𝑟 𝑓𝑡 2

6. Reynold Number 6. Reynold Number

𝑙𝑏 𝑙𝑏
2,42 2,42
 𝑓𝑡 ℎ𝑟
 𝑓𝑡 ℎ𝑟
𝜇 = 5,584 𝐶𝑝 × 𝜇 = 1.1445 𝐶𝑝 ×
1 𝐶𝑝 1 𝐶𝑝
𝑙𝑏 𝑙𝑏
= 13,5133 𝑓𝑡 ℎ𝑟 = 2,7697 𝑓𝑡 ℎ𝑟

De = 0,99 in = 0,0825 ft ; Fig.28 D = 0,782 in = 0,0652 ft ; Tabel 10

 𝐷𝑒×𝐺𝑠 𝐷×𝐺𝑡
Res = Re t=
𝜇 𝜇
𝑙𝑏 𝑙𝑏
0,0825 𝑓𝑡 × 472978.1 0,0652 𝑓𝑡 ×602390,7
ℎ𝑟 𝑓𝑡2 ℎ𝑟 𝑓𝑡2
= 𝑙𝑏 = 𝑙𝑏
13,5133 2,7697
ℎ𝑟 𝑓𝑡 ℎ𝑟 𝑓𝑡

= 2887,577 = 14180,55

7. Mencari Faktor Panas (jH) 7. Mencari Faktor Panas (jH)

𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢
jH = 28,5 𝑙𝑏 𝑓𝑡 2 ℉ ; Fig.28 jH = 65𝑙𝑏 𝑓𝑡 2 ℉ ; Fig.28

L/D = 20,013 ft/0,065 ft = 306,948

8. Mencari (Pr)1/3 8. Mencari (Pr)1/3

tc = 346,325 Tc = 417,875
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑡𝑢
k = 0,091 𝑚 ℎ𝑟 ℃ = 0,0611 k = 0,0855 𝑚 ℎ𝑟 ℃ = 0,0575 𝑓𝑡 ℎ𝑟 ℉
𝑓𝑡 ℎ𝑟 ℉

cp = 0,596 kcal/kgoC = 0,0317 Btu/lboF cp = 0.5395 kcal/kgoC = 0,0287 Btu/lboF

𝐶𝑝 ×𝜇 1/3 𝐶𝑝 ×𝜇 1/3
(Pr)1/3 = ( ) (Pr)1/3 = ( )
𝑘 𝑘
Btu 𝑙𝑏 Btu 𝑙𝑏
0,0317 × 13,5133 0,0287 × 2,7697
lb ℉ 𝑓𝑡 ℎ𝑟 1/3 lb ℉ 𝑓𝑡 ℎ𝑟 1/3
=( 𝐵𝑡𝑢 ) =( 𝐵𝑡𝑢 )
0,0611 0,0575
𝑓𝑡 ℎ𝑟 ℉ 𝑓𝑡 ℎ𝑟 ℉

= 1,9143 = 1,1140

9. Mencari ho 9. Mencari ho
𝑗𝐻 ×𝑘 𝑗𝐻 ×𝑘
ho = × 𝑃𝑟 1/3 × ∅𝑠 hio = × 𝑃𝑟 1/3 × ∅𝑡
𝐷𝑒 𝐷𝑒
𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢
ℎ𝑜 28,5 ×0,0611 ℎ𝑖 65 ×0,0575
𝑏 𝑓𝑡2 ℉ 𝑙𝑏 𝑓𝑡2 ℉

𝑓𝑡 ℎ𝑟 ℉ 𝑓𝑡 ℎ𝑟 ℉
= × 1,9143 = × 1,1140
∅𝑠 0,0825 ft ∅𝑡 0,0652 ft
𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢
= 40,39788 𝑓𝑡 ℎ𝑟 ℉ = 63,85808 𝑓𝑡 ℎ𝑟 ℉
ℎ𝑖𝑜 ℎ𝑖 𝐼𝐷 0,782𝑖𝑛
= ∅𝑡 × = 63,85808 ×
∅𝑡 𝑂𝐷 1𝑖𝑛
𝐵𝑡𝑢
= 49,93702 𝑓𝑡 ℎ𝑟 ℉

10. Tube-wall Temperature

ℎ𝑜
∅𝑠 40.39788
tw = 𝑡𝑐 + ℎ𝑖𝑜 ℎ𝑜 × (𝑇𝑐 − 𝑡𝑐 ) = 346.325 + 49,93702 +40.39788 × (568,9 − 408,3)
+
∅𝑡 ∅𝑠

= 378,3223 ℉
11. Pada tw = 378,3223 ℉ 11 Pada tw = 378,3223 ℉
𝜇𝑤 = 0,4 cP = 0,968 lb/ft hr 𝜇𝑤 = 0,36 cP = 0,8712 lb/ft hr
Fig. 14 Fig. 14
𝜇 13,5133 0,14 𝜇 2,7697
∅𝑠 = (𝜇 )0,14 = ( ) = 1,4464 ∅𝑡 = (𝜇 )0,14 = ( 0,8712 )0,14 = 1,1758
𝑤 0,968 𝑤

12. Corrected Coeficient 12 Corrected Coeficient

ℎ𝑜 ℎ𝑖𝑜
ℎ𝑜 = ∅𝑠 × ∅𝑠 ℎ𝑖𝑜 = × ∅𝑡
∅𝑠
𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢
= 40,39788 𝑓𝑡 ℎ𝑟 ℉ × 1,4464 = 49,93702 × 1,1758
𝑓𝑡 ℎ𝑟 ℉

=58,43091 = 58,71468

13. Clean Overall Coeficient (Uc)

ℎ ×ℎ 58,43091× 58,71468 𝐵𝑡𝑢
Uc = ℎ𝑜 +ℎ𝑖𝑜 = 58,43091+ 58,71468 = 29,28623 ℎ𝑟 𝑓𝑡 2 ℉
𝑜 𝑖𝑜

14. Dirt Overall Coeficient (Ud)

𝑓𝑡 2
𝑎𝑛 = 0,2618 𝑙𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑡

A = N.L. 𝑎𝑛 = 540× 20,013 × 0,2618 = 2829,2778

𝑄 422022,84809 𝐵𝑡𝑢
Ud = 𝐴 × ∆𝑡 = 2829,2778 × 63,42157 = 2,351924 ℎ𝑟 𝑓𝑡 2 ℉

15. Mencari Rd
𝑈 −𝑈 29,28623 −2,351924
Rd = 𝑈𝐶 × 𝑈𝐷 = 29,28623 ×2,351924 = 0,391038 ℎ𝑟 𝑓𝑡 2 ℉/𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐶 𝐷

= 0,0067922 ℎ𝑟 𝑚2 ℃/𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
16. Mencari ΔP
a. Shell : Berdasarkan nilai Res dari Fig.29 ; didapatkan
𝑓 = 0,00275 𝑓𝑡 2 /𝑖𝑛2
Berdasarkan data desain ; didapatkan nilai s = 0,828
De dari perhitungan = 0,0825 ft
Tube : Berdasarkan nilai Res dari Fig.29 ; didapatkan
𝑓 = 0,00025𝑓𝑡 2 /𝑖𝑛2
Berdasarkan data desain ; didapatkan nilai s = 0,8975
b. Perhitungan N+1 pada shell
N+1=12L/B
N+1=12(6100mm/400mm)
N+1=182,7011

c. Perhitungan ΔPt pada tube

𝑓 × 𝐺𝑡 2 ×𝐿 ×𝑛
ΔPt = 5,22 × 1010 ×𝐷 ×𝑠 ×∅𝑡
0,00025 × 602390,7 2 × 20,013 ×12
= 5,22 × 1010 × 0,0652 × 0,8975×1,1758 = 6,066021 𝑃𝑠𝑖

0,42657 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
d. Perhitungan ΔPs pada shell
𝑓 × 𝐺𝑠2 × 𝐷𝑒 ×(𝑁+1)
ΔPs = 5,22 × 1010 ×𝐷𝑒 ×𝑠 ×∅𝑠
0,00275 × 472978.12 × 0,0825× 182,7011
= 5,22 × 1010 ×0,0825 × 0,0825 × 1,4464
= 1,797923𝑃𝑠𝑖 =

0,126432 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2

e. Perhitungan ΔPr pada tube

𝑣2
Fig.27 berdasarkan nilai Gt didapatkan 2𝑔 = 0,1
4𝑛 𝑣 2 4 ×12
ΔPr = = (0,049) = 2,6206𝑃𝑠𝑖 = 0,1843 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
𝑠 2𝑔 0,8975

f. Perhitungan ΔPT pada tube

ΔPT = ΔPt + ΔPr
= 6,066021 𝑃𝑠𝑖 + 0,1843 𝑃𝑠𝑖
= 8,686634𝑃𝑠𝑖
= 0,610855 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
g. Menghitung Efisuensi Panas
𝑄𝑎𝑐𝑡
Efisiensi = 𝑥100%
𝑄𝑚𝑎𝑥

740153,9883
= 422022,84809x 100%

=175,3824 %