Design of Abut A1 MNB8 R1

Rambn-Banihal Section of NH-1A : Design Calculation of Hindustan Construction Company Limited
Abutment A1 of Minor Bridge-8
Detailed Design of Abutment & Foundation

1.0 Design Data A1
1.1 Span
a) Left Span (c/c of exp gap) 57 m
b) Right Span (c/c of exp gap) 0 m
c) Left Span (c/c of brg) 54.500 m
d) Right Span (c/c of brg) 0.000 m
e) Alignment - Left Span Straight
f) Alignment - Right Span Straight
g) Radius of curve - Left Span 100000000 m
h) Radius of curve - Right Span 100000000 m
i) Carriageway width -Left Span 9.000 m
j) Carriageway width -Right Span 9.000 m
k) Overall width- Left Span 12.000 m
l) Overall width- Right Span 12.000 m
m) Depth of superstructure -Left Span 3.300 m
n) Depth of superstructure -Right Span 0.000 m
o) Cg of superstructure from bottom - Left Span 1.929 m
p) Cg of superstructure from bottom - Right Span 0.000 m
q) Spacing of girders 4.800 m
r) Ht of crash barrier 1.05 m
s) Wearing coat thickness 0.065 m
t) Height of downstand 0 m
u) Height of bearing and pedestal 0.35 m
1.2 Salient Levels
a) Formation Level 1195.227 m
b) Bearing Level of fixed bearing 1191.862 m
c) Abutment Cap top Level 1191.392 m
d) Lowest Bed level 1186.328 m
e) Founding level 1180.500 m
f) Average ground level at toe side foundation 1185.500 m
1.3 Dimension details of abutment

a) Length of abutment 12.000 m
b) Width of abutment Cap 2.500 m
c) Length of abutment Cap 12.000 m
d) Distance from center of exp. joint to bearing 1.250 m
e) Thickness of abutment Cap 0.800 m
f) Thickness of front wall 0.500 m
g) Thickness of back wall 0.500 m
h) Nos. of counterfort wall 4
i) Thickness of outer couterfort wall 0.600 m
j) Thickness of inner couterfort wall 0.600 m
k) Thickness of dirt wall 0.400 m
l) Tranverse Ecentricity of Girders 0.000 m
1.4 Details of foundation

a) Width of foundation 12.500 m
b) Width of toe 3.000 m
c) Width of heel 7.500 m
d) Total Length 10.500 m
e) Width of Earth fill box portion 4.500 m
f) Width of Earth fill heel portion 2.000 m
g) Thickness of foundation slab 0.700 m
h) Height of toe counterfort 4.000 m
i) Allowable Bearing capacity of abutment foundation-A2 100.0 MT/m2
Document No. 47501600/MNB-8/SUB/ABUT-A1/01

Consulting Engineering Services (I) Pvt. Ltd. Page No. 1 of 57 Rev. No. R1, Dt. 18.04.2018
1.5 Details of wearing coat and backfill matterial

Thk. of Ashphaltic Concrete = 40 mm Angle of internal friction (φ) = 30.00 degrees
Thk. of mastic Asphalt = 25 mm Angle of wall friction (δ) = 20.00 degrees
Thk. of fill over base slab = 2400 mm Slope of backfill soil (β) = 0.00 degrees
Unit weight of wearing coat = 22.0 kN/m3 Angle of earthside wall (α) = 0.00 degrees
Unit weight of soil = 19.0 kN/m3 Surcharge 1.2xγsoil
1.6 Others
a) Unit wt of concrete for abutment 25 kN/m3
b) Unit wt of concrete for foundation 25 kN/m3
c) Unit wt of Earth above foundation 19 kN/m3
d) Unit wt of wearing coat 22 kN/m3
e) Grade of concrete of abutment & abutment cap M35
Grade of concrete = M35 Mean concrete strength fcm = 45.00 MPa
Modulus of elasticity Ecm = 32308 MPa Mean tensile strength fctm = 2.77 MPa
Lower fractile tensile fctm = 1.94 MPa Upper fractile tensile fctm95 = 3.60 MPa
Material safety factor γm = 1.50 Design concrete strength fcd = 15.63 MPa
Permissible tensile stress = 1.29 MPa Coeff of thermal expansion = 12 E-06 /0C
Permissible Compressive stress at rare combination of loads = 16.80 MPa
Permissible Compressive stress at frequent combination of loads = 12.60 MPa
f) Grade of concrete of foundation M35
Grade of concrete = M35 Mean concrete strength fcm = 45.00 MPa
Modulus of elasticity Ecm = 32308 MPa Mean tensile strength fctm = 2.77 MPa
Lower fractile tensile fctm = 1.94 MPa Upper fractile tensile fctm95 = 3.60 MPa
Material safety factor γm = 1.50 Design concrete strength fcd = 15.63 MPa
Permissible tensile stress = 1.29 MPa Coeff of thermal expansion = 12 E-06 /0C
Permissible Compressive stress at rare combination of loads = 16.80 MPa
Permissible Compressive stress at frequent combination of loads = 12.60 MPa
g) Grade of steel Fe500
Grade of reinforcement Fe 500 Modulus of elasticity = 200000 MPa
Material safety factor gs = 1.15 Design yield strength fyd = 434.78 MPa
Design yield strain eyd = 0.0022 Permissible working stress = 240.00 MPa
1.7 Seismic Forces Seismic Zone Zone IV
As per cl. No. 219.6 pof IRC 6:2014, seismic force below ground level shall not be considered.

1.8 Sketches
12000
500 1500 500 9000 500
Abutment cap 0.80
12
Abutment Wall
3.800 3.800 3.800
0.600 0.600
12.500
1180.500
Open Foundation 0.70
Elevation of abutment, abutment cap along Transverse direction
1195.227
0.800
2.50 14.727
0.500 0.500
Bed level
0.70
Open Foundation
1180.500
2.000 4.500
7.500 3.000
10.500
Elevation of Abutment along Longitudinal direction

2.0 Load calculation

2.1 Dead Load of structure
2.1.1 Self weight of superstructure
Support reactions for self weight of girders & wt of deck slab from superstructure analysis are considered for analysis
of substructure & foundation,
(a) Left Span = 54.500 m
DL Reaction of Super structure = 5831.0 kN
Total dead load of Superstructure = 5831.0 kN
2.1.2 Self weight of substructure
Self weight of substructure is computed considering unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m3.
SL. No. Loads Nos. Length (m) Breadth (m) Height (m) Load (kN)
1 Bearing 2 Wt of each bearing = 2 kN 4.0

2 Pedestal 2 1.00 1.00 0.30 15.0
3 Central pedestal 1 1.00 1.00 0.360 9.0
4 Seismic restrainer2 2.80 0.75 1.60 168.0
5 Abut cap 1 12.00 2.50 0.80 600.0
6 Dirt wall 1 12.00 0.40 3.72 445.8
Therefore total weight of substructure = 1241.8 kN
2.2 Super Impose Dead Load from superstructure

Support reactions of girders for superimposed live load from superstructure analysis are considered for
analysis of substructure & foundation,
(a) Left Span
SIDL reaction from longer Super structure = 1311.00 kN
Total SIDL from Superstructure = 1311.00 kN
2.3 Footpath Live Load from superstructure

As per Cl. No. 206.3(b) of IRC:6-2014, 7.5m> L (Span length)<30m
P/ =
/ 2
Where, P= P - (40L-300)/9 500 Kg/m
2
W= 1.5 m P= 291.1 Kg/m
Left span L1 = 54.50 m L2 = 0.00 m Right span
U.D.L. due to footpath live load = 4.37 kN/m 4.37 kN/m
Table 2.3.1 Summary of footpath live load
Vertical load (kN) Eccentricity (m) Long. Tranverse
Span mkd Due to moment (kN- moment (kN-
One side Long Trans m) m)
curvature
Left span 124.5 0.000 4.75 0.000 0.0 591.1
Right span 0.0 0.000 4.75 0.000 0.0 0.0
Total Tranverse Moment 0.00 591.14
2.4 Vehicular Live Load from superstructure
Maximum Longitudinal Moment due to vehicular live load is summarized below. The longitudinal dispositions of axle
loads causing maximum reaction and moments on substructure and foundation are computed in a separate pages.
Table 2.4.1 Summary of Vehicular live load at bearing level for Normal load case
Vertical Horizontal Force (kN) ML (KN-m) MT (KN-m) or
Loaded length
Load V (kN) HL HT
Max. Long Moment
1050.04 504.60 0.00 0.00 -3050.36 950.28
(1L 70R)

Table 2.4.2 Summary of Vehicular live load at bearing level for Longitudinal Seismic
Vertical Horizontal Force (kN) ML (KN-m) MT (KN-m) or
Loaded length
Load V (kN) HL HT
Max. Long Moment
210.01 386.60 0.00 0.00 -610.07 190.06
(1L 70R)
2.5 Wind Load on structure

Wind load has been calculated as per clause no. 209 of IRC 6:2014. A detailed calculation for Wind load
on the Structure has been calculated in a separate page of this design Calculation report. A summary of
forces & moments on the structure has been presented here.
Table 2.7.1 Summary of Wind force at bearing level
Vertical Longitudi Transvers Long. Tranv.
Case
Load (kN) nal Force e Force Moment Moment
Unloaded Structure 587.50 102.18 408.72 48.02 665.19
Loaded Structure 304.56 72.26 289.05 33.96 1036.43
Table 2.7.1 Summary of Wind force at base of pier
Case Vertical Longitudi Transvers Long. Tranv.
Unloaded Structure 587.50 102.18 587.50 1160.97 5116.95
Loaded Structure 304.56 72.26 304.56 821.04 4184.74
2.6 CENTRIFUGAL FORCE

2
WV
C =
127R
W = Live load
V = Design Speed = 60 km/hr.
R = The Radius of Curvature in m = 1E+08 m
2.7 Dead load Calculation of abutment

Thickness of outer couterfort wall 0.600 m
Thickness of inner couterfort wall 0.600 m
1195.227 m
1270
350
3,835
7
10 6 800
2500
9,727
5 500 14,727
5192
500 10192 1 Average Ground level = 1185.500 m

4
2500
5500 500 2800
7500 5,000
3300 2 500
1180.5 m
3 700
2000 4500
7500 3000
10500
Section of Retaining Wall

3
2.8 Load Calculation Unit wt of concrete for abutment 25 kN/m
3
Unit wt ofSoil 19 kN/m
Width of abutment 12 m
Width of foundation 12.5 m
Weight Horz. Lever Moment
Sl No Load Calculation Area(m2) arm(m)
(kN) (kN-m)
Wt. of abutment only
1 (14.73-3.835-0.8-0.7)x0.5x(12-2*0.6-2*0.6 45.1 1127.0 3.250 3662.9
2 Toe wall = 4x3.3x3x0.6 23.8 594.0 1.500 891.0
-4x1/2x2.5x2.8x0.6 -8.4 -210.0 0.833 -175.0
3 10.5x0.7x12.5 91.9 2296.9 5.250 12058.6
4 Outer wall= 2x(7.5)x(14.727-0.7)x0.6 126.2 3156.1 6.750 21303.5
-2x(1.27+0.35)x(3.835+0.8)x0.6 -9.0 -225.3 3.810 -858.2
Inner wall= 2x(5.5)x10.192x0.6 67.3 1681.7 5.750 9669.7
-2x(1.27+0.35)x(3.835+0.8)x0.6 -9.0 -225.3 3.810 -858.2
5 (12-2x0.6-2x0.6)x0.5x10.192 48.9 1223.0 8.250 10090.1
6 Abut cap 2.5x0.8x12 24.0 600.0 3.870 2322.0
7 Dirt wall 0.35x3.835x12 16.1 402.7 5.325 2144.2
PCC on Toe = 3x1x12.5-10 27.5 687.5 1.500 1031.3
Conn. Beam 0.0 0.0 5.750 0.0
Superstructure
Self wt of girder 5831.00 5831.0 3.250 18950.8
SIDL 1311.00 1311.0 3.250 4260.8
Crash barrier on outer wall =7kN/m 59.2 6.385 378.1
Wt. of Soil
Soil on toe =(5-0.7-1)x3x12.5-15 108.8 2066.25 1.500 3099.4
Soil on box =4.5x(12.5-2x0.6-2x0.6)x(14,727-0.7) 637.5 12113.02 5.750 69649.8
Soil on heel =2x(12.5-2x0.6)x(14,727-0.7) 317.0 6023.19 9.500 57220.3
Live Load Surcharge
13 (7.5-1.27)x1.2x12 82.236 1562.48 7.385 11538.944

Summary of load due to self wt of abutment Wall 11108.4 61281.7
Summary of load for earth fill 20202.5 129969.6
Summary of load due to Live load & live load surcharge 1562.5 11538.9
Moment about toe due to weight of abutment & earth fill shall be negative.
For calculation of Seismic force Level upto = 1185.500 m

Vertical
Weight Moment
Sl No Load Calculation Area(m2) Lever
(kN) arm(m) (kN-m)
Wt. of abutment only
1 (9.73-3.835-0.8)x0.5x(12-2*0.6-2*0.6 24.4 611.0 7.546 4610.9
4 Outer wall= 2x(5.5)x(9.727)x0.6 92.6 2314.5 9.864 22828.6
-2x(1.27+0.35)x(3.835+0.8)x0.6 -9.0 -225.3 12.410 -2795.4
Inner wall= 2x(5.5)x(5.192)x0.6 34.3 856.7 7.596 6507.3
-2x(1.27+0.35)x(3.835+0.8)x0.6 -9.0 -225.3 12.410 -2795.4
5 (12-2x0.6-2x0.6)x0.5x5.192 24.9 623.0 7.596 4732.6
7 Abut cap 2.5x0.8x12 24 600.0 10.492 6295.2
8 Dirt wall 0.35x3.835x12 16.1 402.7 12.810 5158.1
Total 4957.4 44542.0
Ecentricity M/P = 9.0 m

2.9 Earth pressure calculation

2.9.1 Active earth Pressure on vertical wall at normal case 0.000 kN/m2
(As per clause no. 214 of ammendment no. 2 of IRC:6-2014, August 2014)
Active earth pressure coefficient at Normal case Ka
2
= Cos (φ-α)
Cos2α*Cos(α+δ)*[1+{Sin(φ+δ)*Sin(φ-β)/(Cos(α-δ)*Cos(δ+α))}1/2]2
Note :-
α = Angle subtended by the earth side wall with the 78.175 kN/m2
vertical on the earth side = 0.00 radians
φ = Angle of internal friction of the earth fill = 0.52 radians
δ = Angle of friction of the earth side wall with the earth=2φ/3 = 0.35 radians
β = Inclination of the earth fill surface with horizontal = 0.00 radians
Hence, dry unit wt of soil shall be considered.
2
γs = Unit weight of Soil at normal case = 19.00 kN/m
Surcharge = 1.2xγsoil = 22.80 kN/m2
Active earth pressure coefficient at Normal case = Ka = 0.297
Earth pressure = γs * height of wall * Ka
Height abutment wall 14.727 m
Horz. earth pr. at top = 0.297*19*0*COS(0.35) = 0.000 kN/m2
Horz. earth pr. at foundation level = 0.297*19*14.727*COS(0.35) = 78.18 kN/m2
Earth pr. due to LL surcharge at top 0.297x1.2x19xcos(0.35) = 6.370 kN/m2
Summary of Earth pressure on abutment
Lever arm
Description Earth pr. (kN/m2) Force Moment at
at centre
Height (m) (kN/m centre of abut
of abut
At top At bottom width) cap (kN-m/m)
cap(m)
a) Earth pressure 0.0 78.2 14.727 575.64 6.19 3560.55
b))Live load surcharge 6.4 6.37 14.727 93.81 7.36 690.77
Summary of Force & moment due Earth pressure on abutment

Description Earth pr. (kN/m2) Lever arm Moment at
Force
Width from bottom bottom of
Height (m) (kN/m Force (kN)
(m) of foundation
width)
At top At bottom foundation (kN-m/m)
a) Earth pressure 0.0 78.2 14.727 575.64 12 6907.71 6.19 42726.56
b))Live load surcharge 6.4 6.4 14.727 93.81 12 1125.72 7.3635 8289.26
Total 1125.72 8289.26

2.9.2 Active earth Pressure on vertical wall at seismic case 0.000 kN/m2

= (1+-Av)*Cos2(φ− λ -α)
Cosλ∗Cos2α*Cos(α+δ+λ)*[1+{Sin(φ+δ)*Sin(φ-β−λ)/(Cos(α-β)*Cos(δ+α+λ))}1/2]2
Note :-  z  S a 
   
α = Angle subtended by the earth side wall with the  2  g 
Ah = 32.588 kN/m2
R 
vertical on the earth side   = 0.00 radians
 I 
2
2
Surcharge = 1.2xγsoil = 22.80 kN/m
Seismic forces on the structure are calculated as per Cl 222, IRC : 6 - 2014.
Where, Ah = Horizontal Seismic Coefficient
z = zone factor = For Zone V = 0.36

I = Importance factor = = 1.20
R = Response Reduction factor = = 3.00
Sa/g = 2.5 for 0.0 < T < 0.55 For Medium Soil
= 1.36/T for 0.55 < T < 4.0
So, Sa/g = = 2.50
Horizontal coefficient - Ah 0.36/2x2.5/(3/1.2) = 0.18
Vertical coefficient - Av = 0.12
λ = Ah/(1+Av) = 0.16
Active earth pressure coefficient at seismic case = Ka = 0.485
Dynamic increment of static earth pressure coefficient = 0.188
Horz. earth pr. at top = = 0.000 kN/m2
2
Horz. earth pr. at average GL = i.e. 1195.227-1185.5= 9.73 m = 32.59 kN/m
Earth pr. due to LL surcharge at top = 4.020 kN/m2
Summary of Dynamic increment of Earth pressure on dirt wall &Moment abutment at column
Description Earth pr. (kN/m2) Lever arm top of pile
Height (m) Force (kN)
At top At bottom (m) cap (kN-m)
a) Earth pressure
Dirt wall +skin wall 0.0 32.6 9.727 158.49 7.3635 1167.054
b))Live load surcharge
Summary of Force & moment dueof Dynamic increment of Earth pressure at bottom of pile cap
Description Earth pr. (kN/m2) Lever arm Moment at
Force
Height (m) (kN/m Force (kN) foundation
(m) of
width)
a) Earth pressure
Dirt wall +skin wall 0.0 32.6 9.727 158.49 12 1901.90 9.86 18759.41
b))Live load surcharge
Dirt wall +skin wall 4.0 4.0 9.727 39.11 12 469.27 11.48 5389.38

2.9.3 Active earth Pressure on tranverse side wall at normal case 0.000 kN/m2
(As per clause no. 214 of ammendment no. 2 of IRC:6-2014, August 2014)
= Cos2(φ-α)
2 1/2 2
Cos α*Cos(α+δ)*[1+{Sin(φ+δ)*Sin(φ-β)/(Cos(α-δ)*Cos(δ+α))} ]
Note :-
Hence, dry unit wt of soil shall be considered.
2
Surcharge = 0 xγsoil South bound carriage 7.5m away from north bound carriageway = 0.00 kN/m2
Active earth pressure coefficient at Normal case = Ka = 0.297
Earth pressure = γs * height of wall * Ka
Height abutment wall 14.727 m
Horz. earth pr. at top = 0.297*19*0*COS(0.35) = 0.000 kN/m2
Horz. earth pr. at foundation level = 0.297*19*14.727*COS(0.35) = 78.18 kN/m2
Earth pr. due to LL surcharge at top 0.297x0x19xcos(0.35) = 0.000 kN/m2
Summary of Earth pressure on abutment
Description Earth pr. (kN/m2) Force Lever arm Moment at
Height (m) (kN/m at centre centre of abut
At top At bottom width) of abut cap (kN-m/m)
a) Earth pressure 0.0 78.2 7.364 287.82 3.09 890.14
b)Surcharge 0.0 0.0 7.4 0.00 3.68 0.00
Percentage of active force at tranverse direction is considered  z  S a  = 50%

   
 2  g 
Ah =
 R 
Summary of Force & moment due Earth pressure at base of abutment  
 I  Lever arm Moment at
Description Earth pr. (kN/m2) Force
Height (m) (kN/m Force (kN)
(m) of foundation
width)
a) Earth pressure 0.0 78.2 14.727 575.64 5.5 1583.02 6.19 9791.50
0.0 0.0 0.00 0 0.00 14.73 0.00
Cantilever wall
0.0 0.0 0.00
b)Surcharge 0.0 0.0 14.727 0.00 5.5 0.00 7.3635 0.00

2.9.4 Active earth Pressure on tranverse side wall at seismic case 0.000 kN/m2

2
= (1+-Av)*Cos (φ− λ -α)
2 1/2 2
Cosλ∗Cos α*Cos(α+δ+λ)*[1+{Sin(φ+δ)*Sin(φ-β−λ)/(Cos(α-β)*Cos(δ+α+λ))} ]
Note :-
φ= Angle of internal friction of the earth fill = 0.52 radians
δ= Angle of friction of the earth side wall with the earth=2φ/3 = 0.35 radians
β= Inclination of the earth fill surface with horizontal = 0.00 radians
γs = Unit weight of Soil at normal case = 19.00 kN/m2
Surcharge = 1.2xγ soil = 0.00 kN/m2
z = zone factor = For Zone IV = 0.24

R = Response Reduction factor = = 3.00
Sa/g = 2.5 for 0.0 < T < 0.55 For Medium Soil
= 1.36/T for 0.55 < T < 4.0
So, Sa/g = = 2.50
Horizontal coefficient - Ah 0.24/2x2.5/(3/1.2) = 0.12
Vertical coefficient - Av = 0.08
λ = Ah/(1+Av) = 0.11
Active earth pressure coefficient at seismic case = Ka = 0.417
Dynamic increment of static earth pressure coefficient = 0.119
Horz. earth pr. at centre of top = = 0.000 kN/m2
2
Horz. earth pr. at average GL = i.e. 1195.227-1185.5= 9.73 m = 20.72 kN/m
Earth pr. due to LL surcharge at top = 0.000 kN/m2
Summary of Dynamic increment of Earth pressure on dirt wall & abutment column
Description Earth pr. (kN/m2) Moment at
Lever arm
top of pile
Height (m) Force (kN)
(m)
At top At bottom cap (kN-m)
a) Earth pressure
b)Surcharge
Summary of Force & moment dueof Dynamic increment of Earth pressure at bottom of pile cap
Description Earth pr. (kN/m2) Force Lever arm Moment at
Width
Height (m) (kN/m Force (kN) from bottom bottom of
At top At bottom width)
(m) of foundation
a) Earth pressure
Dirt wall +skin wall 0.0 20.7 9.727 100.78 5.5 277.14 9.86 2733.62
0.0 0.0 0.00 0 0.00 9.73 0.00
Cantilever wall
0.0 0.0 0.00
b)Surcharge
Dirt wall +skin wall 0.0 0.0 9.727 0.00 5.5 0.00 11.48 0.00

3.0 Live load calculation at normal case

Multiplication factor 1
Centrifugal Force Velocity, V = 60 kmph
Radius, R = 1E+08 m
Acts at 1.2m m above deck level
Height of structure above bearing = -4.565 m
2
Centrifugal Force = WV /127R = 0.000 W
Ecentricity due to Curvature = R[sin(φ/2)/(φ/2)-cos( or 2/3*R[-cos(φ/2)]
Where, φ = L/2R, R (left) = 1E+08 m L (left) = 57 m
R (right) = 1E+08 m L (right) = 0 m
Eccentricity due to curvature (left) = 0.000 m Right 0.000 m
3.1 MAXIMUM LONGITUDINAL MOMENT CASE

(a) 1-laneClass 70R (W) Loading
1000 kN
2.0 0.5 9 0.5
1.2 2.79
0.86
12.00
Section showing location of 70R wheeled loading
5.124 CG of all loads =5.124m
47.274 4.499 from extreme right
170kN load.
C A
1000 KN 1000 kN
1.250 54.50 1.250
Rc (free bearing)= 1000+1000-1050.037 = 949.96 KN

RA (fixed bearing)= (54.5 - 4.499)/54.5 * 1000+(54.5 - 47.274)/54.5 * 1000 = 1050.04 KN
R = R2 + R3 = = 1050.0 KN
Tranverse Eccentricity = 0.905 m
or = -2.905 m
Horiz Force,for left span Fh 1000x0.2 = 200.00 KN
HorizForce,for right span Fh = 0 KN
DL+SIDL Reaction of left span = 7142.00 KN
DL+SIDL Reaction of right span = 0 KN
Centrifugal Force for left span = 0.0 KN
Centrifugal Force for right span = 0.0 KN
Value of " µ " = 0.05 0.03
Horizontal force at free bearing of left span (R2) =µxRc = 242.76 KN
Horizontal force at Pier =Fh1-µxRc = -42.76 KN
OR =(Fh1)/2+µxRc = 504.60 KN
Total Longitudinal horizontal force on pier 504.60 KN
Total Tranverse Force horizontal force on pier = 0.00 KN
Transverse moment MT = 950.28 KN-m
or = -3050.36 KN-m

(b) 1-lane Class 70R Tracked Loading

700 kN
2.0 0.5 9.00 0.5
1.2 2.9
0.84
12.00
Section showing location of 70R tracked loading
2.285
35.61 1.66
C A
700 700 kN
1.250 54.5 1.250

RA (fixed bearing)= (54.5 - 1.66)/54.5 * 700 + (54.5 - 35.605)/54.5 *=700 921.37 KN
R = R2 + R3 = = 921.37 KN
Transverse eccentricity = 0.850 m
or = -2.850 m
Horiz Force,for left span Fh 700x0.2 = 140 KN
DL+SIDL Reaction of right span = 0.00 KN
Value of " µ " = 0.05 0.03
OR =(Fh1)/2+µxRc = 451.03 KN
or = -2625.90 KN-m

(c) 1/2 lane Class A Loading

(i) Class A (2 Lane) Loading
554 554 kN
2.0 0.5 9.00 0.5
0.4 1.8 1.7 1.8
0.84
12.00
Section showing location of 2lane Class -A loading
CG of all loads =9.091m
from extreme right 47.50 8.466
27 kN load.
C A
554 554 kN
1.250 54.500 1.25
1-lane 2-lane
Rc (free bearing)= 554+554-539.098 568.9 KN 1137.8 KN
RA (fixed bearing)= (54.5 - 8.466)/54.5 * 554 + (54.5 - 47.5)/54.5 * 554 539.10 1078.20 KN
R = R2 + R3 = 568.9 1137.8 KN
Eccentricity 2.200 0.450 m
or = -4.200 -2.450 m
Horiz Force,for left span Fh 110.80 110.80 KN
HorizForce,for right span Fh 0 0.0 KN
DL+SIDL Reaction of left span 7142.00 7142.00 KN
DL+SIDL Reaction of right span 0.00 0.00 KN
Centrifugal Force for left span 0.0 0.0 KN
Centrifugal Force for right span 0.0 0.00 KN
Value of " µ " 0.05 0.05 0.03
Horizontal force at free bearing of left span (R2) =µxRc 231.33 248.39 KN
Horizontal force at Pier =Fh1-µxRc -120.53 -137.59 KN
OR =(Fh1)/2+µxRc 440.95 469.39 KN
Total Longitudinal horizontal force on pier 440.95 469.39 KN
Total Tranverse Force horizontal force on pier 0.00 0.00 KN
Transverse moment MT 1251.58 512.01 KN-m
or = -2389.39 -2787.62 KN-m
SUMMARY OF LIVE LOADS & MOMENTS
1lane 70R 1lane 70R 1lane 2lane
COMPONENTS
Wheeled Tracked Class-A Class-A
1.0 Vertical Load V 1050.04 921.37 568.90 1137.80
2.0 Transverse Ecc. eT -2.905 -2.850 2.200 0.450
3.0 Transverse Moment MT -3050.36 -2625.90 -2389.39 -2787.62
or 950.28 783.16 1251.58 512.01
4.0 Longitudinal Ecc. eL 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
5.0 Difference in reaction 1050.04 921.37 539.10 1078.20
6.0 Longitudinal Moment ML 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7.0 Horizontal Force HL 504.60 451.03 440.95 469.39
8.0 Horizontal Force HT 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3.2 Summary of Live load Live Loads - Normal case

Load Case Vertical Horizontal Force (kN) ML (KN- MT (KN- or
Load V HL HT m) m)
Case 1 : Max. M L Case (LL2)
a) 1 L Class 70R (W) 1050.04 504.60 0.00 0.00 -3050.4 950.3
b) 1L Class 70R (T) 921.37 451.03 0.00 0.00 -2625.9 783.2
c) 1L Class A 568.90 440.95 0.00 0.00 -2389.4 1251.6
d) 2L Class A 1137.80 469.39 0.00 0.00 -2787.6 512.0
3.3 Snow load

a) for 70R tracked (0.5m thick snow) Reaction = 1710 kN
b) for 70Rwheeled (0.25m thick snow) Reaction = 855 kN

3.4 Live load calculation at Seismic case

Multiplication factor 0.2
Centrifugal Force Velocity, V = 60 kmph
Radius, R = 1E+08 m
Acts at 1.2m m above deck level
Height of structure above bearing = -4.565 m
2
Centrifugal Force = WV /127R = 0.000 W
Ecentricity due to Curvature = R[sin(φ/2)/(φ/2)-cos( or 2/3*R[-cos(φ/2)]
Where, φ = L/2R, R (left) = 1E+08 m L (left) = 57 m
R (right) = 1E+08 m L (right) = 0 m
Eccentricity due to curvature (left) = 0.000 m Right 0.000 m
MAXIMUM LONGITUDINAL MOMENT CASE

(a) 1-laneClass 70R (W) Loading
1000 kN
2.0 0.5 9 0.5
1.2 2.79
0.86
12.00
Section showing location of 70R wheeled loading
5.124 CG of all loads =5.124m
47.274 4.499 from extreme right
170kN load.
C A
200 KN 200 kN
1.250 54.50 1.250

RA (fixed bearing)= (54.5 - 4.499)/54.5 * 200+(54.5 - 47.274)/54.5 * 200 = 210.01 KN
R = R2 + R3 = = 210.0 KN
Tranverse Eccentricity = 0.905 m
or = -2.905 m
Horiz Force,for left span Fh 200x0.2 = 40.00 KN
DL+SIDL Reaction of right span = 0 KN
Value of " µ " = 0.05 0.03
OR =(Fh1)/2+µxRc = 386.60 KN
or = -610.07 KN-m

(b) 1-lane Class 70R Tracked Loading

700 kN
2.0 0.5 9.00 0.5
1.2 2.9
0.84
12.00
Section showing location of 70R tracked loading
2.285
35.61 1.66
C A
140 140 kN
1.250 54.5 1.250

RA (fixed bearing)= (54.5 - 1.66)/54.5 * 140 + (54.5 - 35.605)/54.5 * =140 184.27 KN
R = R2 + R3 = = 184.27 KN
Transverse eccentricity = 0.850 m
or = -2.850 m
Horiz Force,for left span Fh 140x0.2 = 28 KN
DL+SIDL Reaction of right span = 0.00 KN
Value of " µ " = 0.05 0.03
OR =(Fh1)/2+µxRc = 375.89 KN
or = -525.18 KN-m

(c) 1/2 lane Class A Loading

(i) Class A (2 Lane) Loading
554 554 kN
2.0 0.5 9.00 0.5
0.4 1.8 1.7 1.8
0.84
12.00
Section showing location of 2lane Class -A loading
CG of all loads =9.091m
from extreme right 47.50 8.466
27 kN load.
C A
110.8 111 kN
1.250 54.500 1.25
1-lane 2-lane
Rc (free bearing)= 110.8+110.8-107.82 113.8 KN 227.6 KN
RA (fixed bearing)= (54.5 - 8.466)/54.5 * 110.8 + (54.5 - 47.5)/54.5 * 110.8 107.82 215.6 KN
R = R2 + R3 = 113.8 227.6 KN
Eccentricity 2.200 0.450 m
or = -4.200 -2.450 m
Horiz Force,for left span Fh 22.16 22.16 KN
HorizForce,for right span Fh 0 0.0 KN
DL+SIDL Reaction of left span 7142.00 7142.00 KN
DL+SIDL Reaction of right span 0.00 0.00 KN
Centrifugal Force for left span 0.0 0.0 KN
Centrifugal Force for right span 0.0 0.00 KN
Value of " µ " 0.05 0.05 0.03
Horizontal force at free bearing of left span (R2) =µxRc 217.67 221.09 KN
Horizontal force at Pier =Fh1-µxRc -195.51 -198.93 KN
OR =(Fh1)/2+µxRc 373.87 379.56 KN
Total Longitudinal horizontal force on pier 373.87 379.56 KN
Total Tranverse Force horizontal force on pier 0.00 0.00 KN
Transverse moment MT 250.32 102.40 KN-m
or = -477.88 -557.52 KN-m

SUMMARY OF LIVE LOADS & MOMENTS

1lane 70R 1lane 70R 1lane 2lane
COMPONENTS
Wheeled Tracked Class-A Class-A
1.0 Vertical Load V 210.01 184.27 113.78 227.56
2.0 Transverse Ecc. eT -2.905 -2.850 2.200 0.450
3.0 Transverse Moment MT -610.07 -525.18 -477.88 -557.52
or 190.06 156.63 250.32 102.40
4.0 Longitudinal Ecc. eL 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
5.0 Difference in reaction 210.01 184.27 107.82 215.64
6.0 Longitudinal Moment ML 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7.0 Horizontal Force HL 386.60 375.89 373.87 379.56
8.0 Horizontal Force HT 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.5 Summary of Live load Live Loads - Normal case

Load Case Vertical Horizontal Force (kN) ML (KN- MT (KN- or
Load V HL HT m) m)
Case 1 : Max. M L Case (LL2)
a) 1 L Class 70R (W) 210.01 386.60 0.00 0.00 -610.1 190.1
b) 1L Class 70R (T) 184.27 375.89 0.00 0.00 -525.2 156.6
c) 1L Class A 113.78 373.87 0.00 0.00 -477.9 250.3
d) 2L Class A 227.56 379.56 0.00 0.00 -557.5 102.4
3.6 Snow load

a) for 70R tracked (0.5m thick snow) Reaction = 1710 kN
b) for 70Rwheeled (0.25m thick snow) Reaction = 855 kN

4.0 Wind Loads on Structure

Wind Load as per clause no. 209 of IRC 6:2014
Vb = design wind speed = 50 m/s
Tranverse wind Force FT = PZxA1xGxCD
Longitudinal wind Force FL = 25% of FT
Vertical wind Force FV = PZxA3xGxCL
Left Span (c/c of exp gap) = 57.00 m
Right Span (c/c of exp gap) = 0.00 m
Overall width- Left Span = 12.00 m
Overall width- Right Span = 12.00 m
Depth of superstructure -Left Span = 3.30 m
Depth of superstructure -Right Span = 0.00 m
where, Pz = The design wind pressure at the location of the bridge.
A1 = Solid area as seen in elevation. =57/2x(3.3+1.05+0.065)+0/2x(0+1.05+0.065) = 125.828 sqm
A3 = Plan area of the Superstructure =57x12/2+0x12/2 = 342.000 sqm
Type of Superstructure : Single beam/Box girder
b/d ratio for the Superstructure : =12/3.3 = 3.6
CD = Drag coefficient for the Superstructure = 1.4
(For slab bridge, CD =1.1, For Single beam/Box girder, CD =1.5 for b/d<=2.0, CD =1.3 for b/d>=6.0 and inbetween interpolated CD to be considered)
G = Gust Factor (If Span<=150, G=2, Otherwise Wind tunnel testing required) = 2.0
CL = Lift coefficient = 0.75
4.1 Wind load on Unloaded structure
a) Wind load on Superstructure
Bridge situated in : = Plain Terrain
Formation Level = 1195.227 m
Bearing Level of fixed bearing = 1191.862 m
Pier Cap top Level = 1191.392 m
Ground level = 1186.328 m
Pier base Level = 1180.500 m
Wind Speed & design wind pressure for Basic wind speed of 33 m/sWind speed & design wind pr. for Basic wind speed of 50m/s
H Bridge Situated in Bridge Situated in
Plain Terrain Terrain with Obstructions H Plain Terrain Terrain with Obstructions
2 2
Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m ) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m ) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2)
10 27.8 463.7 17.8 190.5 < 10 63.82 1064.5 40.9 437.3
15 29.2 512.5 19.6 230.5 15 67.03 1176.5 45.0 529.2
20 30.3 550.6 21 265.3 20 69.56 1264.0 48.2 609.0
30 31.4 590.2 22.8 312.2 30 72.08 1354.9 52.3 716.7
50 33.1 659.2 24.9 370.4 50 75.99 1513.3 57.2 850.3
60 33.6 676.3 25.6 392.9 60 77.13 1552.6 58.8 902.0
70 34.0 693.6 26.2 412.8 70 78.05 1592.3 60.1 947.7
80 34.4 711.2 26.9 433.3 80 78.97 1632.7 61.8 994.7
90 34.9 729 27.5 454.2 90 80.12 1673.6 63.1 1042.7
100 35.3 747 28.2 475.6 100 81.04 1714.9 64.7 1091.8
Average Height of superstructure =1195.227-1180.5+1.05-(3.3+1.05)/2 = 13.602 m

2
Lower bound Height = 10 m Pz = = 1064.5 N/m
2
Upper Bound Height = 15 m Pz = = 1176.5 N/m
2
Pz = The design wind pressure at the bridge location for h= 13.602 m = 1145.2 N/m

A1 = Solid area as seen in elevation.

=57/2x(3.3+1.05+0.065)+0/2x(3.3+1.05+0.065) = 125.828 sqm
Summary of wind Force on superstructure
Tranverse wind Force FT = 408.7 kN wind force acting at 1193.020 m
Moment at abutcap top level = 665.19 kN-m Moment at pier base level = 5116.95 kN-m
Longitudinal wind Force FL = 102.2 kN wind force acting at 1191.862 m
Vertical wind Force FV = 587.5 kN
4.2 Wind load on loaded structure

a) Wind load on Superstructure
Wind Speed & design wind pressure for Basic wind speed of 33 m/sWind speed & design wind pr. for Basic wind speed of 36m/s
H Bridge Situated in Bridge Situated in
Plain Terrain Terrain with Obstructions H Plain Terrain Terrain with Obstructions
2 2
Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m ) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m ) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2)
10 27.8 463.7 17.8 190.5 < 10 33.08 551.84 21.18 226.71
15 29.2 512.5 19.6 230.5 15 34.75 609.92 23.33 274.31
20 30.3 550.6 21.0 265.3 20 36.06 655.26 24.99 315.73
30 31.4 590.2 22.8 312.2 30 37.37 702.39 27.13 371.54
50 33.1 659.2 24.9 370.4 50 39.39 784.50 29.63 440.81
60 33.6 676.3 25.6 392.9 60 39.99 804.85 30.47 467.58
70 34.0 693.6 26.2 412.8 70 40.46 825.44 31.18 491.27
80 34.4 711.2 26.9 433.3 80 40.94 846.39 32.01 515.66
90 34.9 729 27.5 454.2 90 41.53 867.57 32.73 540.54
100 35.3 747 28.2 475.6 100 42.01 888.99 33.56 566.00
Average Height of superstructure = 13.602 m
2
Lower bound Height = 10 m Pz = = 551.8 N/m
2
Upper Bound Height = 15 m Pz = = 609.9 N/m
2
Pz = The design wind pressure at the bridge location for h= 13.60 m = 593.7 N/m
A1 = Solid area as seen in elevation. =57/2x(3.3+0.065)+0/2x(0+0.065) = 95.903 sqm
Summary of wind Force on superstructure
Tranverse wind Force FT = = 161.5 kN acting at 1193.545 m
Longitudinal wind Force FL = = 40.4 kN acting at 1191.862 m
Vertical wind Force FV = = 304.6 kN
 z  S 

 z  S a 
  

b) Wind load on live load :  2  g 
Ah =
 R 
Wind load on the exposed frontal area of the Live load has been calculated as per Cl. 
I No.
 209.3.6
of IRC 6: 2014. As per clause 209.3.7 the bridges shall not be considered to be carrying any live load
when the wind speed at deck level exceeds 36m/s.
Average Height of superstructure
=1195.227+0.065-1180.5+3/2 16.292 m
2
Lower bound Height = 15 m Pz = 609.9 N/m
2
Upper Bound Height = 20 m Pz = 655.3 N/m
D 2
Design Wind Pressure for height = 16.29 m T = 2.0 Pz =
1000 F 621.6 N/m
Drag coefficient for the Superstructure, Cd : = 1.2
A1 = Solid area as seen in elevation. =57/2x3+0/2x3 = 85.500 sqm
Summary of wind Force for loaded structure
Tranverse wind Force FT = 127.6 kN acting at 1196.8 m
Moment at piercap top level = 688.82 kN-m Moment at pier base level = 2078.20 kN-m
Longitudinal wind Force FL = 31.9 kN acting at 1191.9 m
Moment at piercap top level = 14.99 kN-m Moment at pier base level = 362.33 kN-m
4.4 Seismic Forces
Horizontal Seismic force, Fh = Ah x (Dead Load + Appropriate Live Load)
z = zone factor = For Zone IV = 0.24

R = Response Reduction factor = = 3
2
Young Modulus, E = Grade of concrete for pier = 35 Mpa = 32308 kN/m
Sa/g = Average Response Acceleration Coefficient
Sa/g = 2.5 for 0.0 < T < 0.4 For Hard Soil
= 1.0/T for 0.4 < T < 4.0
T = Fundamental Natural Time Period of Pier/Abutment
Total Dead Load + SIDL =2x(0+1311) = 2622 kN

Live Load , assume = 279.72 kN
D = Appropriate Dead Load of Superstructure and Live Load in kN = 2901.72 kN
F = Horizontal Load Required for one mm deflection = 3EI/L3
Moment of inertia has been calculated based on base section of pier
L = Height of =1191.392-1180.5
Pier = 10.892 m
Size of pier along Tranverse direction i.e. width of pier = 12.000 m
Size of pier along Longitudinal direction i.e. depth of pier = 10.500 m
For Longitudinal Direction, I = 1157.6 m4
4
For Transeverse Direction, I = 1512.0 m
F (For Londitudinal Direction) = 86832 kN T= 0.008 Sec
F (For Transeverse Direction) = 113413.2 kN T= 0.007 Sec
So, Sa/g = = 2.500
Seismic coefficient
Vertical coefficient - longitudinal = 0.0800
Horizontal coefficient -Longitudinal 0.24/2x2.5/(3/1.2) = 0.120
Vertical coefficient - tranverse = 0.0800
Horizontal coefficient -Transverse = 0.120

5.0 Design of Abutment Cap & front wall
Abutment cap 0.80

12.00
0.60
Abutment wall
& Counterfort
3.800 3.800 3.800
Foundation slab
12.500 0.70
Elevation of abutment, abutment cap along Transverse direction
0.800
2.500
0.500
10.500 Foundation slab 0.70
Elevation of Pier cap, Pier along Longitudinal direction

5.1 Calculation of moment & shear on Abutment cap :-

The moment & shear for abutment cap is computed by staad pro for normal condition & jackup condition.
The summary of BM & SF diagrams as below:
For normal condition
1.37e +003 kNm 1.25e +003 kNm 1.37e +003 kNm
3.038 kNm
0 kNm 3.038
0 kNm
-2.32e +003 kNm -2.32e +003 kNm
BMD FOR NORMAL CONDITION
Y
X Z Loa d 0 : Be nding Z
Mome nt - kNm
Ma x : 7.41e + 003 kN
Ma x : 816.061 kN
Ma x : 20.250 kN Ma x : -128.250 Ma
kN x : 0 kN Ma x : 128. 250 kN Ma
Ma x: x : 0 kN kN
-20.250
Ma x : -816.062 kN
Y
X Z Loa d 0 : She a r Y
SFD FOR NORMAL CONDITION Force - kN
Ma x : -7.41e +003 kN
For Jackup condition
1.34e+003 kNm 1.4e +003 kNm

892.691 kNm 941.448 kNm
3.038 kNm
0 kNm 3.038 kNm
0 kNm
-1.07e +003 kNm

-1.26e +003 kNm
BMD FOR JACKUP
Y
Z X Load 1 : Be nding Z
Mome nt - kNm
4.83e +003 kN
4.79e+003 kN
497.147 kN 429.647 kN
163.705 kN 240.647 kN
0 kN
-20.250 kN -25.295 kN 20.250
0 kNkN
-223.234 kN
-412.234 kN
kN-479.734 kN
SFD FOR JACKUP
-5.31e-5.35e+003
+003 kN kN
Y
Z X Loa d 1 : She ar Y
Force - kN
Max Hogging Moment on abutment cap = 2320.00 kN-m

Max Sagging Moment on abutment cap = 1400.00 kN-m
Max Shear = 7417.00 kN

5.1.1 Check for ultimate strength of Abutment cap :-

0.00350 15.63
4268 kN
136.52
= 800 NA NA
72
2500 0.0152 4268 kN
Strain Diagram Stress Diagram
Grade Concrete = M35 Grade of steel Fe 500

Modulus of elasticity Ecm = 32308 MPa Modulus of elasticity = 200000 MPa
Width of the section = 2500 mm Depth of the section = 800 mm
Clear Cover = 50 mm Main dia of bar used = 20 mm
Dia of shear reinf. = 12 mm Effective depth, d = 728 mm
2
R = Mu/bd = 1.75 MPa Design Moment = 2320 kN-m
2
Mu,Lim/bd = 0.133xfck = 4.655 MPa Ast = 7804.6 mm2
Lower fractile tensile fctm = 1.94 MPa Where, pt = fck/(2*fy)*(1-sqrt(1-(4.598*R/fck))*100
Min. reinforcement 0.26xf /f
ctm yk xb t xd but not less than 0.0013b t d = 2366.0 mm2
Hence provide top reinforcement
Effective Strain at
Diameter 2 CG Distance Stress at ULS
Layer Nos Area (mm ) Depth , d ULS
(mm) (mm) condition
(mm) condition
a1 = 25 20 9817.48 62.00 738.00 0.01542 434.78
a2 0 3 0.00 62.00 738.00 0.01542 434.78
Total Area= 9817.48 mm2 CG = 738 mm Force 4268 kN
E of reinforcement = 200000 MPa Max strain in concrete = 0.0035

E of concrete = 32308 MPa Min strain in steel = 0.00418
Balanced neutral axis depth = 331.99 mm Actual neutral axis depth = 136.5 mm
Strain in steel = 0.0152 Stress in steel = 434.8 MPa
Section is under reinforced, Hence ok
Total ultimate compressive force = 4268 kN Total ultimate tensile force == 4268 kN
Compressive force CG 56.79 mm Moment of resistance = 2865 kNm
> 2320 kNm Hence O.K.
Hence provide bottom reinforcement
b1 = 25 20 9817.48 62.00 738.0 0.01542 434.78
Force 4268 kN

Total ultimate compressive force = 4268 kN Total ultimate tensile force == 4268 kN

5.1.2 Shear design

VRD= Design Shear Force of the concrete section = 7417.0 kN
Vccd= Design component of Shear Force in the compression area due to inclined compression chord
Vtd= Design component of Shear Force in tensile reinforcement due to inclined tensile chord
VRd.s= Design value of Shear Force for yielding of vertical shear reinforcement
VRD= VRd.s + Vccd + Vtd Here, Vccd= Vtd = 0.0 kN
Hence, V RD= V Rd.s
a) Design the section without shear reinforcement
VRD,C= Design Shear Resistance of the concrete section = [0.12K(80p1fck)^0.33+0.15σCP]bwd
Grade Concrete = M35 Grade of steel = Fe 500
Width of beam = 2500 mm Effective depth, d = 728 mm
K= 1+sqrt(200/d)<=2.0 = 1.52 z = 671 mm
vmin = 0.031K^1.5xfck^0.5 = 0.35 MPa p1 = Asl/bwd <=0.02 = 0.0054
σCP = = 0.00 MPa VRD,C = 815.4 kN
Hence shear reinforcement required < 7417.0 kN
b) Design the section with shear reinforcement
Max VEd = 0.5bwdvfcd v= 0.6*(1 - fck/310)
Max Ved = 7572.1 kN > 7417.0 kN Hence O.K.
Design Tensile stress in stirrups (fywd= 0.8fyk/γm) = 347.8 Mpa
VRd,s = Asw / s. z. fywd cot θ by yielding of the Vertical reinforcement
VRd,max = acw bw z v1 fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) by Crushing of Compression strut
Concrete Strength (fcd) = 15.6 Mpa Coeff accounting stress in compression chord n1 = 0.60
Minimum Asw/s required (ASW/sbw=0.072*sqrt(fck)/fyk) = 2.130 mm
Hence Provide 2 -L 12 dia Stirrups @ 125 c/c
2 -L 12 dia
Asv, provided = 452.39 mm2 Asv/s, provided = 3.619 mm
5.2. Front wall

5.2.1. Main reinforcement
Minimum reinforcement is guided as there is no moments & shear
Minimum main reinf. 0.26xfctm/fykxbtxd but not less than 0.0013btd = 650.0 mm2
Hence provide 12 T @ 125 c/c Vertical Ast = 904.8 mm2
12 T @ 125 c/c Horizontal both sides
5.3 Details of Pedestal

Size of pedestal = 1000 mm x 1000 mm x 300 mm (min)
Minimum reinforcement for pedestal column as per cl.no. 16.2.2(1) of IRC:112-2011 = 0.15 %
Area of reinf reqd. = 1500 mm2
Hence provide Main reinforcement 24 Nos. 12 T Ast, provided 2714 mm2
Links 6L - 8 @ 100 c/c Hence O.K.
Mesh reinf 8T @ 75 c/c

5.4 Design of pedestal for pin bearing

Size of pedestal = 1000 mm x 1000.00 mm x 360 mm
So, actual horizontal force at seismic case = 1714.08 kN
Ultimate horizontal force 1,714.08*1.5 = 2571.12 kN
Minimum interface reinforcement of pedestal 0.15 %
Area of reinf reqd. = 1500.0 mm2
Hence provide main reinforcement 4 Nos. 25 T Ast, provided 11781 mm2
20 Nos. 25 T
Links 14 L - 16 T @ 100 c/c As, stirrups = 10133.5 mm2
Hence O.K.
CG of horizontal force, a = 260.00 mm

Moment = 668.49 kN-m
Shear = 2571.12 kN
b= 1000 mm D= 1000 mm d= 932 mm
a/d = = 0.27897 > 1.0
Hence simply bending
Vu/bd = 2.759 N/mm2 < 4.67 N/mm2
Avf = Vu/(0.87xfsy) = 5911 mm2 < 10134 mm2
Af = M/(0.87xfsyx0.9d) = 1832 mm2 < 11781 mm2
(0.04xfc/fsy)xbxd/ = 2982 mm2 < Hence O.K.
The interface shear stress, Vedi <= the resisting capacity at the section, VRdi
Vedi = β Ved/zbi
Where, β = The ratio of longitudinal force in the new concrete and total longitudinal force
Ved = The tranverse shear force
z = Lever arm
bi = the width of interface
VRdi = µσn + ρfyd[µsinα+cosα] <=0.5vfcd fck = M40
µ = friction for rough surface = 0.7 fyd = 500 Mpa
σn = the minimum co existing normal stress < 0.6fcd = 0.00 Mpa
ρ = As/Aj where As is the area of reinforcement, Aj is the interface area
ν1 = Coeff accounting stress in compression chord = 0.60
α = the angle of the reinforcement to the interface = 90.00 degree
fcd = αcc*fck/γm where, αcc =0.67 and γm = 1.5 = 17.87 Mpa
Shear demand of Beam,VEd (kN) = 2571.12 kN

Ratio of Longitudinal forces (β) = 1.00
Lever arm taken from flexural analysis z (m) = 788 mm
Interface Width bi ( mm) = 1000 mm
Design value of Shear Stress vEdi ( MPa) = 3.26 Mpa
Roughness Co-efficient, µ = 0.70
Stress caused by minimum external normal force = 0.0 Mpa
Minimum reinf.=0.15% of area of interface = 1500 mm2
Area of Reinforcement at interface, As (mm2/m) = 11781 mm2
Area of the joint, Ai (mm2) = 1000000 mm3
ρ = As/Aj = 0.01178
Strength reduction factor (n) = 0.60
Design shear resistance at the Interface(vRdi) = 4.12
Status with respect to the Interface Shear = Ok

7.12 Details of Seismic Restrainer

Stopper as designed as additional safety measure of superstructure.
Size of pedestal = 2800 mm x 1600.00 mm x 750 mm
So, actual horizontal force = 1714.08 kN
Ultimate horizontal force 1,714.08*1.5 = 2571.12 kN
Minimum interface reinforcement for restrainer 0.15 %
Area of reinf reqd. = 6720.0 mm2
Hence provide Main reinforcement 30 Nos. 25 T Ast, provided 14726 mm2
Links 8 L- 12 T @ 100 c/c As, stirrups = 9048 mm2/m
Hence O.K.
CG of horizontal force, a = 1450.00 mm

Moment = 3728.12 kN-m
Shear = 2571.12 kN
b= 2800 mm D= 750.00 mm d= 673 mm
a/d = = 2.155 < 1.0
Flexure Design
Width of the section = 2800.0 mm Depth of the section = 750.00 mm
Dia of shear reinf. = 12 T mm Effective depth, d = 688 mm
R = Mu/bd2 = 2.817 MPa Design Moment = 3728 kN-m
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck = 5.985 MPa Ast = 13522.3 mm2
Min. reinforcement 0.26xfctm/fykxbtxd but not less than 0.0013btd = 2502.5 mm2
Hence provide 30 Nos. 25 dia Ast = 14726.2 mm2
Total ultimate compressive force = 6403 kN Total ultimate tensile force = 6403 kN
> 3728 Hence O.K.
Shear Design
VRd.s = VED - Vccd - Vtd = 2571.1 kN
z= 629 mm Asv/s required VRD.S/(zxfywd) = 8.18 mm
(ASW/sbw=0.072*sqrt(fck)/fyk)
Minimum Spacing required Asv/s (minimum ) = 2.705 mm
Hence Provide 8 -L 12 dia Stirrups @ 100 c/c
Asv, provided = 904.78 mm2 Asv/s provided = 9.048 mm
Hence O.K.

Corbal effect
Vu/bd = 1.36 N/mm2 < 5.15 N/mm2
Avf = Vu/(0.87xfsy) = 5910.6 mm2 < 9048 mm2
Af = M/(0.87xfsyx0.9d) = 14149.6 mm2 < 14726 mm2
(0.04xfc/fsy)xbxd/ = 6783.8 mm2 < Hence O.K.
The interface shear stress, Vedi <= the resisting capacity at the section, VRdi
Vedi = β Ved/zbi
Where, β = The ratio of longitudinal force in the new concrete and total longitudinal force
Ved = The tranverse shear force
z = Lever arm
bi = the width of interface
VRdi = µσn + ρfyd[µsinα+cosα] <=0.5vfcd fck = M45
µ = friction for rough surface = 0.7 fyd = 500 Mpa
σn = the minimum co existing normal stress < 0.6fcd = 0.00 Mpa
ρ = As/Aj where As is the area of reinforcement, Aj is the interface area
ν1 = Coeff accounting stress in compression chord = 0.60
α = the angle of the reinforcement to the interface = 90.00 degree
fcd = αcc*fck/γm where, αcc =0.67 and γm = 1.5 = 20.10 Mpa
Shear demand of Beam,VEd (kN) = 2571.12 kN

Ratio of Longitudinal forces (β) = 1.00
Lever arm taken from flexural analysis z (m) = 1298 mm
Interface Width bi ( mm) = 2800 mm
Design value of Shear Stress vEdi ( MPa) = 0.71 Mpa
Roughness Co-efficient, µ = 0.70
Stress caused by minimum external normal force = 0.0 Mpa
Minimum reinf.=0.15% of area of interface = 6720 mm2
Area of Reinforcement at interface, As (mm2/m) = 14726 mm2
Area of the joint, Ai (mm2) = 4480000 mm3
ρ = As/Aj = 0.00329
Strength reduction factor (n) = 0.60
Design shear resistance at the Interface(vRdi) = 1.15
Status with respect to the Interface Shear = Ok

6.0 Load Combination at base of foundation for bearing capacity calculation

6.1 Water at HFL
Bearing Level = 1191.862 m
Abut Cap top Level = 1191.392 m
Founding level = 1180.500 m
CG level of Live Load = 1196.427 m
CG level of superstructure = 1193.791 m
CG level of SIDL = 1195.452 m
Seismic data
Vertical coefficient for longitudinal seismic = 0.080
Horizontal coefficient -Longitudinal = 0.120
Vertical coefficient for tranverse seismic = 0.080
Multification Factor of Live load during seismic = 0.2
Multiplication factor of Seismic force transmitted by its substructure = 1.350
6.1.1 Load and Moment calculation about toe

SL. No. Description V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN) eL (m) eT (m) ML (kN-m) MT (kN-
1 Dead load of Superstructure
5831.00 -3.25 -18951 0.00
Wt of Pedestal 28.00 -3.25 -91 0.00
Wt of abutment 11108.36 -61282 0.00
Wt of earth over fnd slab
20202.46 -129970 0.00
Total Dead load 37169.82 -210293 0.0
2 SIDL 1370.22 -3.25 -4639 0.00
3 Earth pressure 6908 1583 42727 9792
4 Live load Surcharge 1562.48 -11539
1126 8289 0.000
5 587.50 -3.25 -1909
Wind load on unloaded structure
102.18 587.50 1161 5117.0
304.56 -3.25 -989.8
6 Wind load on loaded structure
72.26 304.56 821.0 4184.7
7 Footpath Live load 124.45 -3.25 -404.46 591.1
8 Live load+ snow load - Normal case
1905.04 -3.25 -6191.37 950.28
Max. Longitudinal moment
504.60 0.00 11.36 11.36 5733.24 0.00
9 Live load +snow load - Seismic case
1065.01 -3.25 -3461.27 190.06
386.60 0.00 11.36 11.36 4392.55 0.00
10 Seismic force -Longitudinal direction
Dead load 629.75 1889.24 11.36 21465.6
Pedestal 3.02 4.54 10.89 49.4
Abutment 535.40 803.09 8.99 7215.8
SIDL 147.98 443.95 11.36 5044.2
Dynamic increment of Earth pr. 1995.76 19837.3
Total Seismic 1316.15 5136.58 53612.3
11 Seismic force - Tranverse direction
Dead load 629.75 944.62 13.29 12555.0
Pedestal 3.02 4.54 10.89 49.4
Abutment 535.40 803.09 8.99 7215.8
SIDL 147.98 221.98 14.95 3319.0
Live load 22.68 34.02 15.93 541.9
Total Seismic 1338.83 2285.4 26415
Seismic force of structure below ground level and scour level is not considered as per clause 219.6 of IRC:6-2014.

6.1.2 Summary of Load and Moment

a)Restoring Forces
Sl No. Type of loads V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN) ML (kN-m)MT (kN-m)
1 Wt of abutment 11108 0.00 0.00 -61282 0.0
2 Dead Load 37170 0.00 0.00 -210293 0.0
3 SIDL 1370.22 0.00 0.00 -4639 0.00
4 Earth pressure 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
5 Live load surcharge 1562.48 0.00 0.00 -11539 0.00
6 Footpath Live load 124.45 -404 591
7 Live load - Normal
Max. Tranverse moment 1905.04 0.00 0.00 -6191 950.3
8 Wind Load - unloaded structure
587.50 0.00 0.00 -1909 0.0
9 Wind Load - loaded structure
304.56 0.00 0.00 -990 0.0
10 Live load - Seismic
11 Longitudinal seismic +ve1316.15
V 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
-ve V -1316.15 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
12 Tranverse seismic
Max. Tranverse moment +ve V 1338.83 0.00 0.00 0 0.0
Max. Tranverse moment -1338.83
-ve V 0.00 0.00 0 0.0
b) Overturning Forces
ML MT
Sl No. Type of loads V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN)
(kN-m) (kN-m)
1 Wt of abutment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 Dead Load 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 SIDL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4 Earth pressure 0.0 6907.7 1583.0 42726.6 9792
5 Live load surcharge 0.0 1125.7 0.0 8289.3 0
Max. Tranverse moment 0.0 504.6 0.0 5733.2 0.0
0.0 102.2 587.5 1161.0 5117.0
8 Wind Load - loaded structure 0.0 72.3 304.6 821.0 4184.7
Max. Tranverse moment 386.6 0.0 4392.5 0.0
10 Longitudinal seismic 5136.6 0.0 53612.3 0.0
11 Tranverse seismic 0.0 2285.4 0.0 26415
6.1.3 Load Combination As per Clause 706 of IRC:78-2014

1) Dead load of abutmwnt
2) Dead load of abutmwnt + Earth pressure
3) Dead load +Earth pressure
4) Dead load +SIDL+Live load +Earth pressure+Live load surcharge
5) Dead load +SIDL+Earth pressure+wind load (unloaded structure)
6) Dead load +SIDL+Live load +Earth pressure+Live load surcharge+wind load(loaded structure)
7) Dead load +SIDL+Live load +Earth pressure+LL surcharge+long seismic+0.3xTranv seismic+0.3x vertical seismic
8) Dead load +SIDL+Live load +Earth pressure+LL surcharge+0.3xLong seismic+Tranv seismic+0.3x vertical seismic
Wind on Wind on
Earth Live load Long. Tranv. vertical
Load Case DL SIDL LL unloaded loaded
Pressure surcharge Seismic Seismic seismic.
structure structure
1 1
Normal 2 1 1
Case 3 1 1 1
4 1 1 1 1 1
Wind 5 1 1 1 1
Case 6 1 1 1 1 1 1
Seismic 7 1 1 1 0.2 1 1 0.3 0.3
case 8 1 1 1 0.2 1 0.3 1 0.3
* live load factor for seismic case is 0.2 which is already multiplied in live load.

Summary of load & moments

Restoring Forces Overturning Forces
Load Case ML ML (kN-
V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN) MT (kN-m) V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN) MT (kN-m)
(kN-m) m)
1 11108 0 0 -61282 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 37170 0 0 -210293 0 0 6908 1583 42727 9792
3 38540 0 0 -214932 0 0 6908 1583 42727 9792
4 42132 0 0 -232662 950 0 8538 1583 56749 9792
5 39128 0 0 -216841 0 0 7010 2171 43888 14908
6 42437 0 0 -233652 950 0 8610 1888 57570 13976
7 40337 0 0 -220782 175 0 13170 2269 100731 17716
8 39548 0 0 -218474 175 0 13170 2269 100731 17716
9 40344 0 0 -216051 308 0 9574 3868 60128 36206
10 39541 0 0 -216051 308 0 9574 3868 60128 36206
6.2 Stability Check
Factor of Safety Normal case Wind/Seismic Case
Check against Sliding = 1.5 = 1.25
Check against Overturning = 2.0 = 1.50
Bearing pressure = 1000.0 kN/m2 = 1250 kN/m2
a) Check against Sliding

Vertical Load = W kN
Horizontal Long Active Force = EaL kN
Horizontal Tranverse Earth Force = EaT kN
Horizontal Active Force = sqrt(EaL^2+EaT^2) = Ea kN
Horizontal Passive Earth Force = Ep kN
Friction coefficient between soil and concrete (µ) = 0.50 Contact between soil & concrete
0.70 Contact between fissured rock & concrete
0.80 Contact between hard rock & concrete
Factor of Safety = Wsxµ/(Ea-Ep) < 1.50
(b) Check against Overturning

Restoring Moment due to vertical loads = Rw kN-m =sqrt(RaL^2+RaT^2)
Overturning Moment due to Earth pressure & force = Oa kN-m =sqrt(OaL^2+OaT^2)
Restoring Moment due to Horz. Passive Earth Force = Rp kN-m
Total Restoring Moment ( R) = Rw+Rp kN-m
Total Overturning Moment( O) = Oa kN-m
Factor of Safety = R/O < 2.00
(c) Check Bearing Pressure
Total Vertical Load = W kN
Total Restoring Moment = RaL kN-m
Total Overturning long Moment = OaL kN-m
Length of Abutment (L) = 10.5 m
Width of Abutment (B) = 12.5 m
Centre of Gravity of Vertical Load about Toe = (RaL-OaL)/L m
C.G. of Vertical Load about Centre of Base (eL) = (B/2-e) m < B/6
Total Overturning Tranverse Moment ( OT) = OaT kN-m
C.G. of Vertical Load about Centre of Base (eT) = (RaT+OaT)/B m
Base Pressure at heel = W/BxL-6xWxeL/(L^2xB)-6xWxeT/(LxB^2) > 0
Base Pressure at toe = W/BxL+6xWxeL/(L^2xB)+6xWxeT/(LxB^2) < Bearing pressure
a) Check against Sliding

Wsxµµ/
Load Case W EaL EaT Ea Ep µ Check
(Ea-Ep)
1 11108 0 0 0 0 0.70 Not Rqd. > 1.50 OK.
2 37170 6908 1583 7087 0 0.70 3.67 > 1.50 OK.
3 38540 6908 1583 7087 0 0.70 3.81 > 1.50 OK.
4 42132 8538 1583 8684 0 0.70 3.40 > 1.50 OK.
5 39128 7010 2171 7338 0 0.70 3.73 > 1.25 OK.
6 42437 8610 1888 8815 0 0.70 3.37 > 1.25 OK.
7 40337 13170 2269 13364 0 0.70 2.11 > 1.25 OK.
8 39548 13170 2269 13364 0 0.70 2.07 > 1.25 OK.
9 40344 9574 3868 10326 0 0.70 2.73 > 1.25 OK.
10 39541 9574 3868 10326 0 0.70 2.68 > 1.25 OK.

(b) Check against Overturning

Ra = Oa = (Ra+Rp)/
Load Case RaL RaT sqrt(RaL^2 OaL OaT sqrt(OaL^2 Rp Check
+RaT^2) +OaT^2)
Oa
1 -61282 0 61282 0 0 0 0 Not Rqd. > 2.00 OK.
2 -210293 0 210293 42727 9792 43834 0 4.80 > 2.00 OK.
3 -214932 0 214932 42727 9792 43834 0 4.90 > 2.00 OK.
4 -232662 950 232664 56749 9792 57588 0 4.04 > 2.00 OK.
5 -216841 0 216841 43888 14908 46351 0 4.68 > 1.50 OK.
6 -233652 950 233654 57570 13976 59242 0 3.94 > 1.50 OK.
7 -220782 175 220782 100731 17716 102277 0 2.16 > 1.50 OK.
8 -218474 175 218474 100731 17716 102277 0 2.14 > 1.50 OK.
8 -216051 308 216051 60128 36206 70187 0 3.08 > 1.50 OK.
9 -216051 308 216051 60128 36206 70187 0 3.08 > 1.50 OK.
(c) Check Bearing Pressure
Length of Abutment (L) = 10.5 m B/6 = 1.750 m
Width of Abutment (B) = 12.5 m B/6 = 2.083 m
Min. base
Load Base pr. at Heel Base pr. at Toe pr. at heel
W RaL OaL RaT OaT eL eT
Case (kN/m2) (kN/m2) side
(kN/m2)
Valley Valley
Hill side Hill side
side side
1 11108 -61282 0 0 0 -0.267 0.000 98 98 72 72 98
2 37170 -210293 42727 0 9792 0.742 0.263 199 127 439 367 127
3 38540 -214932 42727 0 9792 0.782 0.254 198 127 461 389 127
4 42132 -232662 56749 950 9792 1.075 0.255 163 85 557 479 85
5 39128 -216841 43888 0 14908 0.830 0.381 211 102 494 385 102
6 42437 -233652 57570 950 13976 1.101 0.352 175 65 581 472 65
7 40337 -220782 100731 175 17716 2.274 0.444 -27 -157 772 641 -157
8 39548 -218474 100731 175 17716 2.273 0.452 -25 -155 758 627 -155
9 40344 -216051 60128 308 36206 1.385 0.905 198 -69 684 417 -69
10 39541 -216051 60128 308 36206 1.307 0.923 210 -57 660 393 -57
Tension
Actual Shifting of Shifting of Minimum Maximum
Tension length width along
Tension affected CG along CG along pressure at pressure
along length of width of
area (m2)
% of area Check area Length of Width of
ILL ITT
heel side at toe side
abutment (m) abutment
(m2) abutment abutment (kN/m2) (kN/m2)
(m)
Hill side Valley side
(a) (b)
0.00 0 0.00 0.00 100 >80%, O.K. 131.3 0.000 0.000 1205.9 1709.0 98 72
0.00 0 0.00 0.00 100 >80%, O.K. 131.3 0.000 0.000 1205.9 1709.0 199 439
0.00 0 0.00 0.00 100 >80%, O.K. 131.3 0.000 0.000 1205.9 1709.0 198 461
0.00 0 0.00 0.00 100 >80%, O.K. 131.3 0.000 0.000 1205.9 1709.0 163 557
0.00 0 0.00 0.00 100 >80%, O.K. 131.3 0.000 0.000 1205.9 1709.0 211 494
0.00 0 0.00 0.00 100 >80%, O.K. 131.3 0.000 0.000 1205.9 1709.0 175 581
2.07 0.35 12.50 15.12 88.5 >80%, O.K. 116.1 0.591 0.193 1056.9 1452.1 90 689
2.09 0.33 12.50 15.09 88.5 >80%, O.K. 116.2 0.590 0.197 1062.8 1450.9 91 674
1.50 0 3.25 2.44 98.1 >80%, O.K. 128.8 0.090 0.098 1149.5 1641.3 201 670
1.34 0 2.68 1.79 98.6 >80%, O.K. 129.5 0.066 0.074 1163.8 1656.2 212 649
b Valley side
Heel side Toe side
zero pr. Line 12.500
Effective pressure zone
a
7.500 3.000
10.500
Hill side

Plan showing abutment foundation and effective pressure zone
Tension zone
Effective pressure zone
Elevation showing effective pressure zone of abutment foundation
Max. base pressure Design base pressure

Maximum bearing capacity at Normal case = 557.4 kN/m2 = 557.4 kN/m2
Maximum bearing capacity at Wind case = 581.3 kN/m2 = 465.0 kN/m2
Maximum bearing capacity at Seismic case = 688.6 kN/m2 = 550.9 kN/m2
Design bearing capacity = 557.4 kN/m2 < 1000 kN/m2

Hence O.K.

7.0 Design of Foundation slab

7.1 Ultimate limit state
Bearing Level = 1191.9 m
Abut Cap top Level = 1191.4 m
Founding level = 1180.5 m
CG level of Live Load = 1196.4 m
CG level of superstructure = 1193.8 m
CG level of SIDL = 1195.5 m
Seismic data
Vertical coefficient for longitudinal seismic = 0.080
Horizontal coefficient -Longitudinal = 0.120
Vertical coefficient for tranverse seismic = 0.080
Multification Factor of Live load during seismic = 0.2
Multiplication factor of Seismic force transmitted by its substructure = 1.350
7.1.1 Load and Moment calculation about toe

SL. No. Description V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN) eL (m) eT (m) ML (kN-m) MT (kN-
1 Dead load of Superstructure
5831.00 -3.25 -18951 0.00
Wt of Pedestal 28.00 -3.25 -91 0.00
Wt of abutment 11108.36 -61282 0.00
Total Dead load 16967.36 -80323 0
2 Wt of earth over fnd slab20202.46 -129970 0.00
3 SIDL 1370.22 -4639 0.00
4 Earth pressure 6908 1583.0 42727 9792
5 Live load Surcharge 1562.48 -11539
1126 8289
6 587.50 -3.25 -1909
Wind load on unloaded structure
102.18 587.50 1161 5117.0
7 304.56 -3.25 -989.8
Wind load on loaded structure
72.26 304.56 821.0 4184.7
8 Footpath Live load 124.45 -404.5 591.1
9 Live load+ snow load - Normal case
1905.04 -3.25 -6191.37 950.28
504.60 0.00 11.36 11.36 5733.24 0.00
10 Live load - Seismic case
1065.01 -3.25 -3461.27 190.06
386.60 0.00 11.36 11.36 4392.55 0.00
11 Seismic force -Longitudinal direction
Dead load 629.75 1889.24 11.36 21465.6
Pedestal 3.02 4.54 10.89 49.4
Abutment 535.40 803.09 8.99 7215.8
SIDL 147.98 443.95 11.36 5044.2
Total Seismic 1316.15 5136.58 53612.3
12 Seismic force - Tranverse direction
Dead load 629.75 944.62 13.29 12555.0
Pedestal 3.02 4.54 10.89 49.4
Abutment 535.40 803.09 8.99 7215.8
SIDL 147.98 221.98 14.95 3319.0
Max. Longitudinal moment 22.68 34.02 15.93 541.9
Dynamic increment of Earth pr. 0.00 277.14 0.00 2733.6
Total Seismic 1338.83 0.00 2285.39 0.00 26414.6
Seismic force of structure below ground level and scour level is not considered as per clause 219.6 of IRC:6-2014.

7.1.2 Summary of Load and Moment

a)Restoring Forces
Sl No. Type of loads V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN) ML (kN-m) MT (kN-m)
1 Wt of abutment 11108 0 0 -61282 0.0
2 Dead Load 16967 0.00 0.00 -80323 0.0
3 Earth Load 20202 0 0 -129970 0
4 SIDL 1370.22 0.00 0.00 -4639 0.00
5 Earth pressure 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
6 Live load surcharge 1562.48 0.00 0.00 -11539 0.00
7 Footpath Live load 124.45 0.00 0.00 -404 591
587.50 0.00 0.00 -1909 0.0
304.56 0.00 0.00 -990 0.0
12 Longitudinal seismic +ve 1V316.15 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
-ve V -1316.15 0.00 0.00 0 0.00
13 Tranverse seismic
Max. Tranverse moment +ve V 1338.83 0.00 0.00 0 0.0
Max. Tranverse moment-1338.83
-ve V 0.00 0.00 0 0.0
ML (kN- MT
m) (kN-m)
1 Wt of abutment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 Dead Load 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 Earth Load 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4 SIDL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5 Earth pressure 0.0 6907.7 1583.0 42726.6 9792
6 Live load surcharge 0.0 1125.7 0.0 8289.3 0.0
7 Footpath Live load
0.0 102.2 587.5 1161.0 5117.0
Max. Tranverse moment 386.6 0.0 4392.5 0.0
12 Longitudinal seismic 5136.6 0.0 53612.3 0.0
13 Tranverse seismic 0.0 2285.4 0.0 26415

3) Dead load +Earth pressure
7) Dead load +SIDL+Live load +Earth pressure+Live load surcharge+long seismic+0.3xTranv seismic
8) Dead load +SIDL+Live load +Earth pressure+Live load surcharge+0.3xLong seismic+Tranv seismic

Wind on Wind on
Earth Live load Long. Tranv. vertical
Load Case DL Earth load SIDL LL unloaded loaded
Pressure surcharge Seismic Seismic seismic.
structure structure
Normal
1 1.35 1.5
Case
2 1.35 1.5 1.5
3 1.35 1.5 1.5
4 (a) 1.35 1.5 1.75 1.5 1.2 1.5
4 (b) 1 1.5 1 1 1.2 1.5
Wind 5 (a) 1.35 1.5 1.75 1.5 1.5
5 (b) 1 1.5 1 1 1.5
6 (a) 1.35 1.5 1.75 1.5 1.2 1.5 0.9
6 (b) 1 1.5 1 1 1.2 1.5 0.9
Seismic
case
7 (a) 1.35 1.5 1.75 1 0.2 1 1.5 0.45 0.45
7 (b) 1 1.5 1 1 0.2 1 1.5 0.45 0.45
7 (c) 1.35 1.5 1.75 1 0.2 1 1.5 0.45 0.45
7 (d) 1 1.5 1 1 0.2 1 1.5 0.45 0.45
8 (a) 1.35 1.5 1.75 1 0.2 1 0.45 1.5 0.45
8 (b) 1 1.5 1 1 0.2 1 0.45 1.5 0.45
8 (c) 1.35 1.5 1.75 1 0.2 1 0.45 1.5 0.45
8 (d) 1 1.5 1 1 0.2 1 0.45 1.5 0.45
(kN-m) m)
1 14996 0 0 -82730 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 53210 0 0 -303391 0 0 10362 2375 64090 14687
3 53210 0 0 -303391 0 0 10362 2375 64090 14687
4 (a) 60340 0 0 -334643 1425 0 12469 2375 82637 14687
4 (b) 53374 0 0 -303050 1425 0 9015 1583 61274 9792
5 (a) 56489 0 0 -314373 0 0 10515 3256 65831 22363
5 (b) 49523 0 0 -282781 0 0 7061 2464 44468 17467
6 (a) 60614 0 0 -335534 1425 0 12534 2649 83376 18454
6 (b) 53648 0 0 -303941 1425 0 9081 1857 62012 13558
7 (a) 60402 0 0 -320008 950 0 15342 2611 130536 21678
7 (b) 53436 0 0 -288416 950 0 15342 2611 130536 21678
7 (c) 60402 0 0 -320008 950 0 15342 2611 130536 21678
7 (d) 53436 0 0 -288416 950 0 15342 2611 130536 21678
8 (a) 60426 0 0 -320008 950 0 9949 5011 74243 49413
8 (b) 53459 0 0 -288416 950 0 9949 5011 74243 49413
8 (c) 60426 0 0 -320008 950 0 9949 5011 74243 49413
8 (d) 53459 0 0 -288416 950 0 9949 5011 74243 49413
7.1.4 Bearing Pressure
Length of Abutment (L) = 10.50 m
Width of Abutment (B) = 12.50 m
Base pr. at Heel Base pr. at Toe
(kN/m2) (kN/m2)
Load Case W RaL OaL RaT OaT eL eT Valley side Hill side Valley side Hill side
1 14996 -82730 0 0 0 -0.267 0.000 132 132 97 97

2 53210 -303391 64090 0 14687 0.753 0.276 285 177 633 526
3 53210 -303391 64090 0 14687 0.753 0.276 285 177 633 526
4 (a) 60340 -334643 82637 1425 14687 1.074 0.267 237 119 801 683
4 (b) 53374 -303050 61274 1425 9792 0.720 0.210 280 198 615 533
5 (a) 56489 -314373 65831 0 22363 0.850 0.396 303 140 721 558
5 (b) 49523 -282781 44468 0 17467 0.438 0.353 347 219 536 408
6 (a) 60614 -335534 83376 1425 18454 1.090 0.328 247 101 822 677
6 (b) 53648 -303941 62012 1425 13558 0.740 0.279 291 181 636 527
7 (a) 60402 -320008 130536 950 21678 2.113 0.375 -13 -178 1099 933
7 (b) 53436 -288416 130536 950 21678 2.295 0.423 -44 -210 1024 858
7 (c) 60402 -320008 130536 950 21678 2.113 0.375 -13 -178 1099 933
7 (d) 53436 -288416 130536 950 21678 2.295 0.423 -44 -210 1024 858
8 (a) 60426 -320008 74243 950 49413 1.183 0.833 333 -35 956 587
8 (b) 53459 -288416 74243 950 49413 1.244 0.942 302 -66 881 513
8 (c) 60426 -320008 74243 950 49413 1.183 0.833 333 -35 956 587
8 (d) 53459 -288416 74243 950 49413 1.244 0.942 302 -66 881 513

Tension Maximum
Shifting of Minimum Maximum
width along Tension Actual Shifting of CG pressure
Tension length along CG along pressure pressure
width of area affected along Width of ILL ITT at heel
length of abutment (m) Length of at toe side at toe side
abutment (m2) area (m2) abutment side
abutment (kN/m2) (kN/m2)
(m) (kN/m2)
Hill side (a) Valley side (b)
0.00 0 0.00 0.00 131.3 0.000 0.000 1205.9 1709.0 132 97 97

0.00 0 0.00 0.00 131.3 0.000 0.000 1205.9 1709.0 285 526 633
0.00 0 0.00 0.00 131.3 0.000 0.000 1205.9 1709.0 285 526 633
0.00 0 0.00 0.00 131.3 0.000 0.000 1205.9 1709.0 237 683 801
0.00 0 0.00 0.00 131.3 0.000 0.000 1205.9 1709.0 280 533 615
0.00 0 0.00 0.00 131.3 0.000 0.000 1205.9 1709.0 303 558 721
0.00 0 0.00 0.00 131.3 0.000 0.000 1205.9 1709.0 347 408 536
0.00 0 0.00 0.00 131.3 0.000 0.000 1205.9 1709.0 247 677 822
0.00 0 0.00 0.00 131.3 0.000 0.000 1205.9 1709.0 291 527 636
1.68 0.12036 12.50 11.28 120.0 0.440 0.170 1133.0 1509.1 124 882 982
2.06 0.43387 12.50 15.59 115.7 0.612 0.183 1030.9 1449.8 111 813 921
1.68 0.12036 12.50 11.28 120.0 0.440 0.170 1133.0 1509.1 124 882 982
2.06 0.43387 12.50 15.59 115.7 0.612 0.183 1030.9 1449.8 111 813 921
0.59 0 1.19 0.35 130.9 0.014 0.016 1196.9 1696.9 334 589 952
1.20 0 2.25 1.35 129.9 0.051 0.057 1173.6 1667.2 305 518 870
0.59 0 1.19 0.35 130.9 0.014 0.016 1196.9 1696.9 334 589 952
1.20 0 2.25 1.35 129.9 0.051 0.057 1173.6 1667.2 305 518 870
7.1.5 Effective pressure on base slab At first center of box = 2.450 m

Tranverse width = 12.500 m
Heel side
Toe side
0.7 A B C D E
0.7
2 5.000
7.000 3.000
10.500
Wt.of base slab*1.35 23.625 kN/m2 23.625 23.625 kN/m2 23.625 kN/m2
Wt.of earth fill*1.5 399.8 kN/m2 399.8 122.6 kN/m2 122.6 kN/m2
Base pressure 131.7 kN/m2 108.5 106.8 kN/m2 96.8 kN/m2
Total pr. 291.8 kN/m2 315.0 39.4 kN/m2 49.3 kN/m2
Maximum pressure
Eff. Base Eff. Base
Avg. Base Avg. Base
Base pr. at B Base pr. at Base pr. At Eff. Base pr. Bet. A pr. Bet. B pr. for 1m
Load Case pr. at Heel pr. at Toe E
(kN/m2) C (kN/m2) D (kN/m2) & B (kN/m2) &C strip
'A' (kN/m2) (kN/m2)
(kN/m2) (kN/m2)
1 106 104 100 99 97 -81.4 -78.4 -48.9
2 229 302 485 503 612 158.0 30.1 448.0
3 229 302 485 503 612 158.0 30.1 448.0
4 (a) 190 302 582 610 778 177.2 -18.5 603.4
4 (b) 225 297 474 492 599 162.5 37.9 435.0
5 (a) 244 329 541 562 689 137.3 -11.2 521.8
5 (b) 279 323 433 444 511 122.5 45.3 353.3
6 (a) 198 312 595 624 794 168.2 -30.1 619.1
6 (b) 234 306 488 506 615 153.5 26.3 450.7
7 (a) 100 264 675 716 963 241.4 -46.2 775.4
7 (b) 88 243 629 668 899 257.7 -12.6 714.7
7 (c) 100 264 675 716 963 241.4 -46.2 775.4
7 (d) 88 243 629 668 899 257.7 -12.6 714.7
8 (a) 269 385 677 706 881 96.5 -107.7 705.8
8 (b) 245 351 616 642 801 125.5 -59.8 628.3
8 (c) 269 385 677 706 881 96.5 -107.7 705.8
8 (d) 245 351 616 642 801 125.5 -59.8 628.3
Maximum 257.7 45.3 775.4
Minimum -81.4 -107.7 -48.9

Minimum pressure At first center of box = 10.050 m

Eff. Base Eff. Base
Avg. Base Avg. Base
Base pr. at B Base pr. at Base pr. At Eff. Base pr. Bet. A pr. Bet. B pr. for 1m
(kN/m2) C (kN/m2) D (kN/m2) & B (kN/m2) &C strip
'A' (kN/m2) (kN/m2)
(kN/m2) (kN/m2)
1 26 39 73 77 97 -8.9 -32.6 -52.7
2 56 149 383 407 547 320.8 157.1 377.5
3 56 149 383 407 547 320.8 157.1 377.5
4 (a) 46 172 486 517 706 314.2 94.4 528.4
4 (b) 55 149 384 408 549 321.4 156.7 379.4
5 (a) 59 160 413 438 590 313.5 136.7 418.3
5 (b) 68 137 311 329 433 320.7 199.1 269.3
6 (a) 48 174 486 518 705 312.5 93.5 527.8
6 (b) 57 151 385 408 548 319.7 155.9 378.8
7 (a) 9 179 604 647 902 329.5 31.8 713.3
7 (b) 4 162 557 597 834 340.2 63.6 648.4
7 (c) 9 179 604 647 902 329.5 31.8 713.3
7 (d) 4 162 557 597 834 340.2 63.6 648.4
8 (a) 52 168 458 487 660 313.3 110.6 485.2
8 (b) 34 139 403 429 587 337.1 152.5 414.8
8 (c) 52 168 458 487 660 313.3 110.6 485.2
8 (d) 34 139 403 429 587 337.1 152.5 414.8
Maximum 340.2 199.1 713.3
Minimum -8.9 -32.6 -52.7
7.1.6 Calculation of moment & shear on base slab Depth of slab= 0.700 m
a) Toe slab 1m strip Eff. Depth = 0.615 m
0.55 3.80 3.80 3.80 0.55

Clear span = 3.200 m Max base presure Min base presure
Effective base pressure for 1m strip toe edge = 775.4 kN/m2 or -52.7 kN/m2
Transverse support moment =WL2/12 = 661.7 kN-m/m -45.0 kN-m/m
Transverse span moment =WL2/16 = 496.3 kN-m/m -33.7 kN-m/m
Longitudinal Cantilever moment =W l2/4 = 496.3 kN-m/m -67.5 kN-m/m
Transverse shear at distance d =0.55xwl = 584.3 kN/m 39.7 kN/m
b) Heel slab 1m strip

A-B Zone Maximum eff. base pressure = 340.2 kN/m2 -81.4 kN/m2
Longitudinal Cantilever moment =W l2/2 = 680.5 kN-m/m -162.8 kN-m/m
Shear at distance d = 471.2 kN/m 50.0 kN/m
B-C Zone Maximum effective base pressure = 199.1 kN/m2 -107.7 kN/m2
(-ve) (+ve)
Ly/Lx
One Long edge discontinuous Coeff. Moment Coeff. Moment
Shorter Span Lx = 3.8 m 0.0570 163.9 0.0440 126.5
1.32
Longer Span Ly = 5.0 m 0.0370 106.4 0.0280 80.5
7.1.7 Check for ultimate strength of foundation slab in Flexure :-

Consider rectangular beam for design
1000 0.00350 15.63
2006 kN
159.18
NA NA
615
0.0100 2006 kN

a) Support moment
R = Mu/bd2 = 1.799 MPa Design Moment = 680 kN-m
Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.133xfck = 4.655 MPa Ast = 2715.1 mm2
Hence provide 16 dia @ 150 c/c Ast = 4612.9 mm2
25 dia @ 150 c/c > Hence O.K.
Flexure Design
Heel slab Toe slab
Description
A-B Zone B-C Zone Support Span Cantilever
(+ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve)
Moment 680.5 162.8 163.9 126.5 661.7 496.3 496.3
Width 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00
Depth 615 615 595 595 590 590 615
R = Mu/bd2 1.80 0.43 0.46 0.36 1.90 1.43 1.31
pt 0.0044 0.0010 0.0011 0.0008 0.0047 0.0034 0.0032
Ast required for bending 2715.1 617.3 643.0 494.6 2763.2 2033.9 1942.8
Ast required for shear 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total Ast required 2715.1 617.3 643.0 494.6 2763.2 2033.9 1942.8
1st layers 20 dia 16 dia 16 dia 16 dia 25 dia 25 dia 20 dia
Reinf provided 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c
2nd layers 20 dia 0 dia 0 dia 0 dia 16 dia 0 dia 16 dia
150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c
Ast provided 4188.8 1340.4 1340.4 1340.4 4612.9 3272.5 3434.8
Actual NA 145 46 46 46 159 113 119
Strain in steel 0.0114 0.0430 0.0415 0.0415 0.0095 0.0148 0.0147
Stress in steel 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8
Total tension = 1821 583 583 583 2006 1423 1493
Total compression 1821 583 583 583 2006 1423 1493
Difference of force 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Compressive force CG 60.1 19.2 19.2 19.2 66.2 47.0 49.3
Moment of resistance 1011 347 336 336 1051 773 845
Factor of Safety 1.49 2.13 2.05 2.65 1.59 1.56 1.70
Pt 0.0068 0.0022 0.0023 0.0023 0.0078 0.0055 0.0056
c) Shear design
Hence, VRD= VRd.s
Toe slab
Design the section without shear reinforcement Design shear = = 584.3 kN
K= 1+sqrt(200/d)<=2.0 = 1.57 z = 549 mm
σCP = = 0.00 MPa
Reduction of shear force as per cl. No. 10.3.2 (5) of IRC:112-2011
αV = d= 615 mm β= αV /2d = 0.5
VRD,C = 320.9 kN > 584.27x0.5= 292.1 kN
Hence shear reinforcement Not required
Heel slab
p1 = Asl/bwd <=0.02 = 0.0068
VRD,C = 306.6 kN > 471.24x0.5= 235.6 kN
Hence shear reinforcement Not required

7.2 Servicebility limit State Method

a)Restoring Forces
Sl No. Type of loads V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN) ML (kN-m) MT (kN-m)
1 Wt of abutment 11108.4 0.0 0.0 -61282 0.0
2 Dead Load 37169.8 0.0 0.0 -210293.0 0.0
3 SIDL 1370.2 0.0 0.0 -4638.9 0.0
4 Earth pressure 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5 Live load surcharge 1562.5 0.0 0.0 -11538.9 0.0
Max. Tranverse moment 1905.0 0.0 0.0 -6191.4 950.3
587.5 0.0 0.0 -1909.4 0.0
304.6 0.0 0.0 -989.8 0.0
ML (kN- MT
m) (kN-m)
1 Wt of abutment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 Dead Load 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 SIDL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4 Earth pressure 0.0 6907.7 1583.0 42726.6 9792
5 Live load surcharge 0.0 1125.7 0.0 8289.3 0.0
0.0 102.2 587.5 1161.0 5117.0

Load Combination for Rare Combination (SL1)
Service stage stage
3) Dead load +Earth pressure+SIDL
Load Combination for Quasi-permanent Combination (SL2)
9) Dead load +Earth pressure+SIDL
Wind on
Earth Live load Wind on unloaded
Load Case DL SIDL LL loaded
Pressure surcharge structure
structure
Rare Combination
1 1
2 (a) 1 1
3 (a) 1 1.2 1
3 (b) 1 1 1
4 (a) 1 1.2 1 0.8 1
4 (b) 1 1 1 0.8 1
5 (a) 1 1.2 1 1.0
5 (b) 1 1 1 1.0
6 (a) 1 1.2 1 0.8 0.75 1.0
6 (b) 1 1 1 0.8 0.75 1.0
6 (c) 1 1.2 1 0.8 1 0.6
6 (d) 1 1 1 0.8 1 0.6
Quasi-permanent Combination
7 1
8 1 1
9 (a) 1 1.2 1
9 (b) 1 1 1


(kN-m) m)
Rare Combination
1 11108 0 0 -61282 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 (a) 37170 0 0 -210293 0 0 6908 1583 42727 9792
3 (a) 38814 0 0 -215860 0 0 6908 1583 42727 9792
3 (b) 38540 0 0 -214932 0 0 6908 1583 42727 9792
4 (a) 41969 0 0 -231282 950 0 8313 1583 55091 9792
4 (b) 41695 0 0 -230354 950 0 8313 1583 55091 9792
5 (a) 39119 0 0 -216849 0 0 6980 1888 43548 13976
5 (b) 38845 0 0 -215922 0 0 6980 1888 43548 13976
6 (a) 41797 0 0 -230724 713 0 8259 1888 54479 13976
6 (b) 41523 0 0 -229796 713 0 8259 1888 54479 13976
6 (c) 42152 0 0 -231876 950 0 8356 1766 55584 12302
6 (d) 41878 0 0 -230948 950 0 8356 1766 55584 12302
7 11108 0 0 -61282 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 37170 0 0 -210293 0 0 6908 1583 42727 9792
9 (a) 38814 0 0 -215860 0 0 6908 1583 42727 9792
9 (b) 38540 0 0 -214932 0 0 6908 1583 42727 9792
7.2.2 Bearing Pressure

Base Width (B) = 10.50 m
Length of Abutment (L) = 12.50 m Base pr. at Heel Base pr. at Toe
Valley Valley
Load Case W RaL OaL RaT OaT eL eT Hill side Hill side
side side
Rare Combination
1 11108 -61282 0 0 0 -0.267 0.000 98 98 72 72
2 (a) 37170 -210293 42727 0 9792 0.742 0.263 199 127 439 367
3 (a) 38814 -215860 42727 0 9792 0.789 0.252 198 127 465 393
3 (b) 38540 -214932 42727 0 9792 0.782 0.254 198 127 461 389
4 (a) 41969 -231282 55091 950 9792 1.052 0.256 167 88 551 473
4 (b) 41695 -230354 55091 950 9792 1.047 0.258 167 88 547 468
5 (a) 39119 -216849 43548 0 13976 0.820 0.357 210 107 489 387
5 (b) 38845 -215922 43548 0 13976 0.812 0.360 210 107 484 382
6 (a) 41797 -230724 54479 713 13976 1.033 0.351 184 77 560 453
6 (b) 41523 -229796 54479 713 13976 1.028 0.354 184 77 556 448
6 (c) 42152 -231876 55584 950 12302 1.068 0.314 174 77 566 469
6 (d) 41878 -230948 55584 950 12302 1.062 0.316 174 77 561 464
7 11108 -61282 0 0 0 -0.267 0.000 98 98 72 72
8 37170 -210293 42727 0 9792 0.742 0.263 199 127 439 367
9 (a) 38814 -215860 42727 0 9792 0.789 0.252 198 127 465 393
9 (b) 38540 -214932 42727 0 9792 0.782 0.254 198 127 461 389
Tension
Min. base Tension Actual Shifting of Shifting of
width along
pr. at heel length along Tension affected CG along CG along
Load Case
side length of
width of
area (m2)
% of area Check area Length of Width of
ILL ITT
abutment
(kN/m2) abutment (m) (m2) abutment abutment
(m)
1 98 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 >80%, O.K. 131.3 0.0000 0.0000 1205.9 1709.0
2 (a) 127 0.00 0 0 100 >80%, O.K. 131.3 0.0000 0.0000 1205.9 1709.0
3 (a) 127 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 >80%, O.K. 131.3 0.0000 0.0000 1205.9 1709.0
3 (b) 127 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 >80%, O.K. 131.3 0.0000 0.0000 1205.9 1709.0
4 (a) 88 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 >80%, O.K. 131.3 0.0000 0.0000 1205.9 1709.0
4 (b) 88 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 >80%, O.K. 131.3 0.0000 0.0000 1205.9 1709.0
5 (a) 107 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 >80%, O.K. 131.3 0.0000 0.0000 1205.9 1709.0
5 (b) 107 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 >80%, O.K. 131.3 0.0000 0.0000 1205.9 1709.0
6 (a) 77 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 >80%, O.K. 131.3 0.0000 0.0000 1205.9 1709.0
6 (b) 77 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 >80%, O.K. 131.3 0.0000 0.0000 1205.9 1709.0
6 (c) 77 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 >80%, O.K. 131.3 0.0000 0.0000 1205.9 1709.0
6 (d) 77 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 >80%, O.K. 131.3 0.0000 0.0000 1205.9 1709.0
7 98 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 >80%, O.K. 131.3 0.0000 0.0000 1205.9 1709.0
8 127 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 >80%, O.K. 131.3 0.0000 0.0000 1205.9 1709.0
9 (a) 127 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 >80%, O.K. 131.3 0.0000 0.0000 1205.9 1709.0
9 (b) 127 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 >80%, O.K. 131.3 0.0000 0.0000 1205.9 1709.0

Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum

pressure at pressure at pressure at pressure at
Load Case
heel side heel side toe side toe side
(kN/m2) (kN/m2) (kN/m2) (kN/m2)
1 98 98 72 72
2 (a) 127 199 367 439
3 (a) 127 198 393 465
3 (b) 127 198 389 461
4 (a) 88 167 473 551
4 (b) 88 167 468 547
5 (a) 107 210 387 489
5 (b) 107 210 382 484
6 (a) 77 184 453 560
6 (b) 77 184 448 556
6 (c) 77 174 469 566
6 (d) 77 174 464 561
7 98 98 72 72
8 127 199 367 439
9 (a) 127 198 393 465
9 (b) 127 198 389 461
7.2.3 Effective pressure on base slab At first center of box = 2.450 m

Tranverse width = 12.500 m
Heel side
Toe side
0.7 A B C D E
0.7
2 5.000
7.000 3.000
10.500
Wt.of base slab 17.5 kN/m2 17.5 17.5 kN/m2 17.5 kN/m2
Wt.of earth fill 266.5 kN/m2 266.5 81.7 kN/m2 81.7 kN/m2
Maximum pressure
Eff. Base Eff. Base
Avg. Base Avg. Base
Base pr. at B Base pr. at Base pr. at D Eff. Base pr. Bet. A pr. Bet. B pr. for 1m
(kN/m2) C (kN/m2) (kN/m2) & B (kN/m2) &C strip
'A' (kN/m2) (kN/m2)
(kN/m2) (kN/m2)
1 98 93 80 79 72 -77.6 -69.0 55.5
2 (a) 185 231 345 356 425 76.3 -3.8 314.4
3 (a) 184 235 362 375 451 74.5 -14.4 339.0
3 (b) 184 234 359 372 447 74.8 -12.6 334.9
4 (a) 151 225 408 426 536 96.0 -32.2 418.3
4 (b) 152 224 405 423 532 96.3 -30.4 414.2
5 (a) 189 243 376 389 469 67.9 -25.1 356.3
5 (b) 190 242 373 386 464 68.2 -23.4 352.2
6 (a) 163 235 414 432 539 85.1 -40.2 422.1
6 (b) 163 234 411 429 535 85.4 -38.4 418.0
6 (c) 155 229 416 435 547 92.0 -38.6 428.7
6 (d) 155 229 413 432 542 92.3 -36.8 424.6
Maximum 96.3 -3.8 428.7
Minimum -77.6 -69.0 55.5
7 98 93 80 79 72 -77.6 -69.0 -26.2
8 185 231 345 356 425 76.3 -3.8 314.4
9 (a) 184 235 362 375 451 74.5 -14.4 339.0
9 (b) 184 234 359 372 447 74.8 -12.6 334.9
Maximum 76.3 -3.8 339.0
Minimum -77.6 -69.0 -26.2

Minimum pressure At first center of box = 10.050 m

Eff. Base Eff. Base
Avg. Base Avg. Base
Base pr. at B Base pr. at Base pr. at D Eff. Base pr. Bet. A pr. Bet. B pr. for 1m
(kN/m2) C (kN/m2) (kN/m2) & B (kN/m2) &C strip
'A' (kN/m2) (kN/m2)
(kN/m2) (kN/m2)
1 98 93 80 79 72 -77.6 -69.0 -26.2
2 (a) 141 187 301 313 381 119.8 39.8 270.8
3 (a) 141 191 318 331 407 118.1 29.1 295.5
3 (b) 141 191 316 328 403 118.4 30.9 291.4
4 (a) 104 177 360 378 488 143.7 15.6 370.6
4 (b) 104 176 357 375 484 144.0 17.4 366.5
5 (a) 127 181 314 327 407 130.1 37.0 294.1
5 (b) 127 180 311 324 402 130.4 38.8 290.0
6 (a) 98 169 348 366 474 150.5 25.1 356.7
6 (b) 98 169 346 363 470 150.8 26.9 352.6
6 (c) 96 170 357 376 488 151.0 20.3 369.8
6 (d) 96 170 354 373 483 151.3 22.1 365.7
Maximum 151.3 39.8 370.6
Minimum -77.6 -69.0 -26.2
7 98 93 80 79 72 -77.6 -69.0 -26.2
8 141 187 301 313 381 119.8 39.8 270.8
9 (a) 141 191 318 331 407 118.1 29.1 295.5
9 (b) 141 191 316 328 403 118.4 30.9 291.4
Maximum 119.8 39.8 295.5
Minimum -77.6 -69.0 -26.2
7.1.6 Calculation of moment & shear on base slab Depth of slab= 0.700 m
a) Toe slab 1m strip Eff. Depth = 0.615 m
0.55 3.80 3.80 3.80 0.55

Clear span = 3.200 m Rare Combination Quasi-permanent Combination
Maximumminimum effective base pressure for 1m strip toe edge = 428.7 kN/m2 or 339.0 kN/m2
Transverse support moment =WL2/12 = 365.8 kN-m/m 289.3 kN-m/m
Transverse span moment =WL2/16 = 274.4 kN-m/m 217.0 kN-m/m
Longitudinal Cantilever moment =W l2/4 = 274.4 kN-m/m 217.0 kN-m/m
Transverse shear at distance d = 0.55xwl = 323.0 kN/m 484.8 kN/m
b) Heel slab 1m strip

A-B Zone Maximum eff. base pressure = 151.3 kN/m2 119.8 kN/m2
Longitudinal Cantilever moment =W l2/2 = 302.5 kN-m/m 239.6 kN-m/m
Shear at distance d = 209.5 kN/m -73.7 kN/m
B-C Zone Maximum effective base pressure = 39.8 kN/m2

(-ve) (+ve)
Ly/Lx
Shorter Span Lx = 3.80 m 0.0570 32.7 0.0440 25.3
1.32
Longer Span Ly = 5.0 m 0.0370 21.2 0.0280 16.1
Quasi-permanent Combination Maximum effective base pressure = 39.8 kN/m2
(-ve) (+ve)
Ly/Lx
Shorter Span Lx = 3.80 m 0.0570 32.7 0.0440 25.3
1.32
Longer Span Ly = 5.0 m 0.0370 21.2 0.0280 16.1

7.3. Servicebility limit State Method

7.3.1. Flexure member At toe Design moment = 302.5 kN-m
Bending Compression of concrete = 16.80 Mpa fctm = Mean tensile strength of concrete = 1.94 Mpa
E of reinforcement = 200000 MPa E of concrete = 32308 MPa
Creep Coefficient, φ = 1 Ec, eff =Ecm /(1+φ) = 16154 MPa
Modular ratio =Es/Ecm = 12.38 Tensile stress of steel = 400 Mpa
Width of Section = 1000 mm Depth of Section = 700 mm
Clear Cover = 75 mm Effective depth, d = 615 mm
Minimum reinforcement 0.26xfctm/fykxbtxd but not less than 0.0013btd = 799.50 mm2
25 dia @ 150 c/c > Hence O.K.
Balanced neutral axis depth = = 210.39 mm Actual neutral axis depth = 214.01 mm
Strain in steel = 0.00060 MPa Stress in steel = 120.6 MPa
Comp. stress of concrete = 5.20 Mpa
Stress-strain diagram at Serviceability Limit State condition
0.00032 5.20
556.42
214
NA NA
120.62
0.00060
Total compressive force = 556.4 kN Total tensile force = 556.4 kN

Compressive force CG = 71.3 mm Moment of resistance = 302.5 kNm
Rare Combination
Heel slab Toe slab
Description
A-B Zone B-C Zone Support Span
Cantilever
(+ve) (-ve) (-ve)
h or D 700 700 700 700 700 700
b 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
d 615 595 595 590 590 615
Moment 302.50 32.73 21.24 365.83 274.37 274.37
Reinf provided 20 dia 16 dia 16 dia 25 dia 25 dia 20 dia
150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c
20 dia 0 dia 0 dia 16 dia 0 dia 16 dia
150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c
Ast provided 4188.8 1340.4 1340.4 4612.9 3272.5 3434.8
Stress in concrete 5.4 0.9 0.6 6.7 5.7 5.2
Actual NA 206 125 125 209 182 190
Stress in steel 132.2 44.1 28.6 152.4 158.4 144.8
Total ultimate tensile force = 554 59 38 703 518 497
Total ultimate compressive force 554 59 39 703 518 497
Difference of force 0 0 0 0 0 0
Compressive force CG 68.7 41.6 41.8 69.6 60.6 63.4
Moment of resistance 303 33 21 366 274 274
Diff. of moment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Heel slab Toe slab
(+ve) (-ve) (-ve)
700 700 700 700 700 700
1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
615 595 595 590 590 615
239.59 32.73 21.24 289.28 216.96 216.96
150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c
150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c
4188.8 1340.4 1340.4 4612.9 3272.5 3434.8
4.3 0.9 0.6 5.3 4.5 4.1
206 125 125 209 182 190
104.7 44.1 28.6 120.5 125.2 114.5
439 59 38 556 410 393
439 59 39 556 410 393
0 0 0 0 0 0
68.7 41.6 41.8 69.6 60.6 63.4
240 33 21 289 217 217
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
7.3.2. Check for crack width Check crack width As per IRC : 112-2011
Crack width, Wk = Sr,max * (εsm-εcm)
Where, εsm-εcm = (σsc-kt*fct,eff/ρp,eff*(1+αe*ρp,eff))/Es >= 0.6σsc/Es
σsc = 28.65 Mpa αe =Es/Ecm = 6.190
kt = 0.5 hc,eff=min of [2.5(h-d),(h-x/3),h/2]= 212.5 mm
Ac,eff =b*hc,eff ρp,eff = As/Ac,eff = 0.006
fct,eff = = 1.29 Mpa εsm-εcm = 8.6E-05
>= 0.6σsc/Es= 0.00009
Sr,max =3.4c+0.425*k1*k2*φ/ρp,eff Where, c = 75 mm 95 mm
k1 = 0.8
φeq=(n1*φ1^2+n2*φ2^2)/((n1*φ1+n2*φ2) = 16.000 mm k2 = 0.5
Sr,max = 686.2 mm Crack width, Wk = = 0.059 mm < 0.3 mm OK
Heel slab Toe slab
Description
(+ve) (-ve) (-ve)
Stress in steel, σs 104.7 44.1 28.6 120.5 125.2 114.5
As 4188.8 1340.4 1340.4 4612.9 3272.5 3434.8
Actual NA 206 125 125 209 182 190
hc,eff 212.5 262.5 262.5 275.0 275.0 212.5
ρp,eff 0.020 0.005 0.005 0.017 0.012 0.016
εsm-εcm 0.00034 0.00013 0.00009 0.00039 0.00038 0.00035
Cover in mm 70 75 50 75 50 70
φeq 20.0 16.0 16.0 21.5 25.0 18.2
Crack spacing Sr,max 410.5 770.7 770.7 455.8 595.1 429.6
Crack width, Wk 0.139 0.102 0.066 0.178 0.224 0.151
Check <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K.<0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K.
Tranverse Reinforcement
Minimum main reinf. 0.26xfctm/fykxbtxd but not less than 0.0013btd = 799.5 mm2/m
As per clause 16.6.1.1 (3) of IRC-112:2011, minimum tranverse reinforcement is 20% of main reinforcement.
Minimum tranverse reinforcement Longitudinal direction = 4188.8 mm2/m
Tranverse direction = 837.8 mm2/m
Hence provide 16 dia @ 150 c/c Ast provided = 1340.4 mm2
Hence OK.

8.0 Design of Wall and counterfort

8.1 Ultimate limit state
8.1.1 Moment & shear of toe side counterfort
Spacing of central counterfort = 3.800 m
Spacing of Edge counterfort = 2.450 m
Cantilever span = 3m
Effective shear shall be checked at distance d. As depth of member is high, 60% of total shear at face is considered for design.
Edge counterfort Middle counterfort
Base pr. At
Base pr. at Moment Shear Moment Shear
Load Case E Toe
D (kN/m2) (kN-m) (kN) (kN-m) (kN)
(kN/m2)
1 76 73 817 329 1267 510
2 357 466 4738 1815 7348 2814
3 357 466 4738 1815 7348 2814
4 (a) 464 631 6345 2415 9841 3745
4 (b) 346 453 4599 1761 7134 2732
5 (a) 416 543 5519 2114 8560 3279
5 (b) 298 364 3774 1461 5853 2266
6 (a) 477 647 6514 2480 10103 3847
6 (b) 360 469 4768 1827 7396 2834
7 (a) 570 816 8096 3057 12557 4742
7 (b) 522 753 7453 2811 11560 4360
7 (c) 570 816 8096 3057 12557 4742
7 (d) 522 753 7453 2811 11560 4360 considered 50 % earth pr.
8 (a) 560 735 7460 2855 11570 4428
8 (b) 496 655 6635 2537 10291 3935
8 (c) 560 735 7460 2855 11570 4428
8 (d) 496 655 6635 2537 10291 3935
8.1.2 Moment & shear of heel side counterfort, vertical wall
0.0 kN/m2 6.4 kN/m2
3.000
4.635
14.027 10.727
6.092
2
48.0 kN/m
2 2
A 56.9 kN/m 6.4 kN/m
5.500 h/4 or clear span-D/2 = 3.0
2 2
4.000 60.83 kN/m 6.4 kN/m
7.500 3.00 78.2 kN/m2 6.4 kN/m2

Earth pressure Live load surcharge
Spacing of each counterfort = 3.8 m Clear span = 3.200
L= 4.5 m H= 14.027 m L/H = 0.321
Edge counterfort Span= 4.50 m Height = 14.03 m
For cantilever moment h/4 or clear span-D/2 = Span= 3.90 m
Earth pressure at base = 60.8 kN/m2 Earth pr. at end of cantilever = 48.0 kN/m
2
Edge counterfort Middle counterfort Vertical wall Edge counterfort wall

Tranv. Tranv. Tranv.
Pressure Vertical Tranv. Span Vertical
Load Pressure at Moment Shear Moment Shear Support Support Span
at A moment (kN- moment moment
Case Top (kN/m2) (kN-m) (kN) (kN-m) (kN) moment (kN- moment moment
(kN/m2) m/m) (kN-m/m) (kN-m/m)
m/m) (kN-m/m) (kN-m/m)
Earth pr. 56.9 0.0 4150 580 8299 1161 88.2 49.2 41.0 77.1 81.1 48.6
LL surcharge
6.4 6.4 696 130 1393 260 27.7 6.5 5.44 8.1 10.7 6.45
For ULS Earth pressure factor = 1.5 Live load surcharge = 1.2
For SLS Earth pressure factor = 1.0 Live load surcharge = 0.8
Combined effect
Edge counterfort Middle counterfort Vertical wall Edge counterfort wall
Tranv. Tranv. Tranv.
Vertical Tranv. Span Vertical
Moment Shear Moment Shear Support Support Span
Load Case moment moment moment (kN-
(kN-m) (kN) (kN-m) (kN) moment (kN- moment moment
(kN-m/m) (kN-m/m) m/m)
m/m) (kN-m/m) (kN-m/m)
ULS 7060 1026 14120 2052 166 82 68 125 134 81

SLS 4707 684 9414 1368 110 54 45 84 90 54
Quasi- permanent
4150 580 8299 1161 88 49 41 77 81 49

8.1.3 Check for ultimate strength of foundation slab in Flexure :-

Consider rectangular beam for design
600 0.00350 15.63
6294 kN
832.55
NA NA
3858
0.0127 6294 kN
a) Support moment
2
R = Mu/bd = 1.406 MPa Design Moment = 12557 kN-m
2
Mu,Lim/bd = 0.133xfck = 4.655 MPa Ast = 7864.4 mm2
> Hence O.K.
Flexure Design
Description Toe counterfort Heel counterfort Vertical front wall Edge counterfort wall
Edge Middle Edge Middle Vertical Horz. SupportHorz. Span Vertical Horz. Support
Horz. Span
Moment 8095.9 12556.9 7060.2 14120.4 166 82 68 125 134 81
Width 600 600 600 600 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Overall depth 4000 4000 7500 5500 500 500 500 600 600 600
Effective Depth 3865 3833 7390 5358 440 442 442 542 542 542
R = Mu/bd2 0.90 1.42 0.22 0.82 0.86 0.42 0.35 0.43 0.46 0.27
pt 0.0021 0.0034 0.0005 0.0019 0.0020 0.0010 0.0008 0.0010 0.0011 0.0006
Minimum Ast required 3014.7 2989.7 5764.2 4179.2 572.0 574.6 574.6 704.6 704.6 704.6
Ast required for bending 4967.7 7921.3 2212.2 6231.3 891.0 430.5 357.9 539.3 579.3 345.4
Ast required for shear 7889.4 12236.6 2648.3 5296.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total Ast required 7889.4 12236.6 5764.2 6231.3 891.0 574.6 574.6 704.6 704.6 704.6
Reinf provided 1st layers 5 Nos 5 Nos 5 Nos 5 Nos 16 dia 16 dia 16 dia 16 dia 16 dia 16 dia
32 dia 32 dia 32 dia 32 dia 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c
2nd layers 5 Nos 5 Nos 5 Nos 5 Nos 12 dia 0 dia 0 dia 16 dia 16 dia 0 dia
32 dia 32 dia 32 dia 32 dia 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c
3rd layers 2 Nos 8 Nos 0 Nos 12 Nos
32 dia 32 dia 32 dia 32 dia
Ast provided 9651.0 14476.5 8042.5 17693.4 2094.4 1340.4 1340.4 2680.8 2680.8 1340.4
Actual NA 555 833 463 1018 72 46 46 93 93 46
Strain in steel 0.0209 0.0126 0.0524 0.0149 0.0178 0.0299 0.0299 0.0170 0.0170 0.0375
Stress in steel 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8
Total tension = 4196 6294 3497 7693 911 583 583 1166 1166 583
Total compression 4196 6294 3497 7693 911 583 583 1166 1166 583
Difference of force 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Compressive force CG 230.9 346.3 192.4 423.3 30.1 19.2 19.2 38.5 38.5 19.2
Moment of resistance 15249 21945 25168 37962 373 246 246 587 587 305
Factor of Safety 1.88 1.75 3.56 2.69 2.25 3.02 3.62 4.68 4.36 3.78
Pt 0.0042 0.0063 0.0018 0.0055 0.0048 0.0030 0.0030 0.0049 0.0049 0.0025
Note : considering the other reinforcement in tension zone, minimum reinforcement criteria shall be satisfied.

c) Shear design
Hence, VRD= VRd.s
K= 1+sqrt(200/d)<=2.0 = 1.23 z = 3512 mm
σCP = = 0.00 MPa VRD,C = 877.1 kN
Hence shear reinforcement required < 4741.7 kN
Design the section with shear reinforcement
Max VEd = 0.5bwdvfcd v= 0.6*(1 - fck/310)
Max Ved = 9630.7 kN > 4741.7 kN Hence O.K.
Design Tensile stress in stirrups (fywd= 0.8fyk/γm) = 347.8 Mpa
VRd,s = Asw / s. z. fywd cot θ by yielding of the Vertical reinforcement
VRd,max = acw bw z v1 fcd / (cot θ + tan θ) by Crushing of Compression strut
Concrete Strength (fcd) = 15.6 Mpa Coeff accounting stress in compression chord n1 = 0.60
The maximum effective cross sectional shear reinforcement, Aswmax for Cotφ =1
VRD,S = VRd,max (Asw/s) z fywd Cotθ ≤ acw bw z v1 fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
For, Cotθ =1 (Asw/s) fywd ≤ 1/2 acw bw v1 fcd
acw = 1 Asw/s ≤ 1/2 acw bw v1 fcd/fywd ≤ 8.09 mm
Minimum Asw/s required (ASW /sbw=0.072*sqrt(fck)/fyk) = 0.511 mm
Hence Provide 2 -L 16 Stirrups @ 150 c/c
0 -L 16 Stirrups @ 150 c/c
Asv, provided = 402.12 mm2 Asv/s, provided = 2.681 mm
Shear resistance provided by reinf V RD,S = (Asw/s) z fywd Cotθ
Shear capacity of compression strut V RD,max = acw bw z v1 fcd / (cot θ + tan θ)
V RD,S = 7348.0 kN Assume, θ = 24.02 degree
V RD,max = 7348.0 kN V RD,S - V RD,max = 0.0 kN
Shear design Toe Counterfort Heel counterfort
Description Edge Middle Edge Middle
Prestress Force after all losses (kN) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Design Shear Force of the concrete (kN) 3057.2 4741.7 1026.2 2052.4
Shear demand of Beam (kN) 3057.2 4741.7 1026.2 2052.4
Width of beam, b (mm) 600 600 600 600
Effective depth, d 3865 3833 7390 5358
Lever arm taken from flexural analysis z (m) 3634 3487 7198 4935
K= 1.23 1.23 1.16 1.19
vmin = 0.25 0.25 0.23 0.24
p1 = 0.0042 0.0063 0.0018 0.0055
VRD,C= 768.10 873.86 1059.30 1135.09
Shear reinf. Shear reinf. Shear reinf. Shear reinf.
Check required required Not required required
Minimum area of Shear reinf. reqd Asw/s (mm2/mm) 0.511 0.511 0.511 0.511
2L- 2L- 2L- 2L-
Shear Reinforment
16 dia 16 dia 16 dia 16 dia
provided
150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c 150 c/c
Area of shear reinforcement provided (mm) 402.12 402.12 402.12 402.12
Area of shear reinf provided Asw/s (mm2/mm) 2.681 2.681 2.681 2.681
Angle of compression strut θ (degrees) 24.02 24.02 24.02 24.02
Shear resistance provided by reinf V RD,s (kN) 7604 7296 15061 10326
Coeff accounting stress in comp chord αcw 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
Shear capacity of compression strut V RD,max (kN) 7604 7296 15061 10326
Difference in shear resistance (kN) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shear capacity of the Section (kN) 7604 7296 15061 10326
Factor of Safety associated with failure 2.49 1.54 14.68 5.03
Longitudinal tensile force ∆Ftd (kN) 3430 5320 1151 2303
Area of steel required for shear due stut & tie model 7889 12237 2648 5297

8.2 Servicebility limit State Method

8.2.1 Moment
Base pr. at Middle
Base pr. at Edge beam
Load Case Toe beam (kN-
C (kN/m2) (kN-m)
(kN/m2) m)
Rare Combination
1 62 54 625 969
2 (a) 257 326 3340 5181
3 (a) 275 352 3597 5580
3 (b) 272 347 3554 5513
4 (a) 327 437 4410 6841
4 (b) 324 432 4368 6774
5 (a) 290 370 3781 5865
5 (b) 287 365 3738 5798
6 (a) 333 440 4456 6911
6 (b) 329 436 4413 6844
6 (c) 335 447 4521 7012
6 (d) 332 443 4478 6945
7 62 54 625 969
8 257 326 3340 5181
9 (a) 275 352 3597 5580
9 (b) 272 347 3554 5513
8.2.2. Servicebility limit State Method
Flexure member Design moment = 7011.7 kN-m
Bending Compression of concrete = 16.80 Mpa fctm = Mean tensile strength of concrete
= 1.94 Mpa
E of reinforcement = 200000 MPa E of concrete = 32308 MPa
Creep Coefficient, φ = 1 Ec, eff =Ecm /(1+φ) = 16154 MPa
Modular ratio =Es/Ecm = 12.38 Tensile stress of steel = 400 Mpa
Width of Section = 600 mm Depth of Section = 4000 mm
Clear Cover = 50 mm Effective depth, d = 3858 mm
Minimum reinforcement 0.26xfctm/fykxbtxd but not less than 0.0013btd = 3009.24 mm2
> Hence O.K.
Balanced neutral axis depth = = 1319.8 mm Actual neutral axis depth = 1248.58 mm
Strain in steel = 0.00070 MPa Stress in steel = 140.7 MPa
Comp. stress of concrete = 5.44 Mpa
Stress-strain diagram at Serviceability Limit State condition
0.00034 5.44
2037.22
1249
NA NA
140.73
0.00070
Section is under reinforced, Hence ok =
Total compressive force = 2037.2 kN Total tensile force = 2037.2 kN
Compressive force CG = 416.2 mm Moment of resistance = 7011.7 kNm
Rare Combination
Toe counterfort Heel counterfort Vertical front wall Edge counterfort wall
Edge Middle Edge Middle
Description Vertical Horz. SupportHorz. Span Vertical Horz. Support
Horz. Span
counterfort counterfort counterfort counterfort
h or D 4000 4000 7500 5500 500 500 500 600 600 600
b 600 600 600 600 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
d 3865 3833 7390 5358 440 442 442 542 542 542
Moment 4521 7012 4707 9414 110 54 45 84 90 54
Ast provided 9651.0 14476.5 8042.5 17693.4 2094.4 1340.4 1340.4 2680.8 2680.8 1340.4
Stress in concrete 4.1 5.5 1.6 4.0 4.4 2.5 2.1 2.1 2.3 1.8
Actual NA 1057 1244 1409 1646 127 106 106 159 159 119
Stress in steel 133.4 141.7 84.6 110.6 132.6 99.8 83.2 63.8 68.4 79.9
Total ultimate tensile force1287
= 2051 680 1957 278 134 111 171 183 107
Total ultimate compressive1287
force 2051 680 1957 278 134 111 171 183 107
Diff. of moment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Description Toe counterfort Heel counterfort Vertical front wall Edge counterfort wall
Edge Middle Edge Middle
Vertical Horz. SupportHorz. Span Vertical Horz. Support
Horz. Span
counterfort counterfort counterfort counterfort
h or D 4000 4000 7500 5500 500 500 500 600 600 600
b 600 600 600 600 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
d 3865 3833 7390 5358 440 442 442 542 542 542
Moment 3597 5580 4150 8299 88 49 41 77 81 49
Ast provided 9651.0 14476.5 8042.5 17693.4 2094.4 1340.4 1340.4 2680.8 2680.8 1340.4
Stress in concrete 3.2 4.4 1.4 3.5 3.5 2.3 1.9 2.0 2.1 1.6
Actual NA 1057 1244 1409 1646 127 106 106 159 159 119
Stress in steel 106.1 112.7 74.6 97.5 106.0 90.2 75.2 58.8 61.9 72.2
Total ultimate tensile force1024
= 1632 600 1726 222 121 101 158 166 97
Total ultimate compressive1024
force 1632 600 1726 222 121 101 158 166 97
Diff. of moment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
8.2.3. Check for crack width Check crack width As per IRC : 112-2011
Where, εsm-εcm = (σsc-kt*fct,eff/ρp,eff*(1+αe*ρp,eff))/Es >= 0.6σsc/Es
σsc = 112.75 Mpa αe =Es/Ecm = 6.190
Ac,eff =b*hc,eff ρp,eff = As/Ac,eff = 0.058
fct,eff = = 1.29 Mpa εsm-εcm = 0.00049
>= 0.6σsc/Es= 0.00034
Sr,max =3.4c+0.425*k1*k2*φ/ρp,eff Where, c = 91 mm 66 mm
= 50 mm 66.0 mm
k1 = 0.8
φeq=(n1*φ1^2+n2*φ2^2)/((n1*φ1+n2*φ2) = 32.000 mm k2 = 0.5
Sr,max = 264.1 mm Crack width, Wk = = 0.129 mm
< 0.3 mm OK
Toe Counterfort Heel counterfort Vertical front wall Edge counterfort wall
Description Edge Middle Edge Middle Vertical Horz. SupportHorz. Span Vertical Horz. Support
Horz. Span
Stress in steel, σs 106.1 112.7 74.6 97.5 106.0 90.2 75.2 58.8 61.9 72.2
As 9651.0 14476.5 8042.5 17693.4 2094.4 1340.4 1340.4 2680.8 2680.8 1340.4
Actual NA 1057 1244 1409 1646 127 106 106 159 159 119
hc,eff 337.5 417.5 275.0 355.0 150.0 145.0 145.0 145.0 145.0 145.0
ρp,eff 0.048 0.058 0.049 0.083 0.014 0.009 0.009 0.018 0.018 0.009
εsm-εcm 0.00044 0.00049 0.00029 0.00043 0.00032 0.00027 0.00023 0.00018 0.00019 0.00022
Cover 91 91 66 66 50 50 50 50 50 50
φeq 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0
Crack spacing Sr,max 423.5 403.5 421.0 374.9 504.2 603.6 603.6 456.5 456.5 603.6
Crack width, Wk 0.188 0.197 0.121 0.161 0.160 0.163 0.136 0.081 0.085 0.131
Check <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K. <0.3 O.K.
Tranverse Reinforcement for wall

Minimum main reinf. 0.26xfctm/fykxbtxd but not less than 0.0013btd = 572.0 mm2/m
As per clause 16.6.1.1 (3) of IRC-112:2011, minimum tranverse reinforcement is 20% of main reinforcement.
Minimum tranverse reinforcement Longitudinal direction = 2094.4 mm2/m
Tranverse direction = 418.9 mm2/m
Hence OK.
8.3. Design of strut
Axial load in strut Compression = 1920.0 kN
Size of beam Width = 600 mm Depth = 1000 mm
Compressive stress 1920*1000/(600x1000) = 3.2 Mpa
< 15.63 Mpa
Minimum steel 0.4% of gross sectional area = 2400 mm2
Hence provide 20 Nos 16 dia and 2 L- 12 dia @ 150 c/c
8.4. Inner wall

Thickness of inner wall = 500 mm
Minimum steel 0.26xfctm/fykxbtxd but not less than 0.0013btd = 650.0 mm2
Hence provide 12 dia @ 150 c/c bothways = 754.0 mm2

11.0 Design of Dirt wall

12.000 0.3 0.4
0.35
0.25
3.835 0.25
12.00
Elevation of Dirt wall Section of Dirt wall
11.1 Load Calculation

Dead load Weight (kN) Lever arm (m)
Dead load of slab = 157.50 -0.35 -55.13 kN-m
Dirt wall 18.41 x 25 = 460.20 0 0.00 kN-m
Bracket 1.35 x 25 = 33.8 -0.35 -11.81 kN-m
651.4 -66.94 kN-m
SIDL = 68.60 -0.35 -24.01 kN-m
Live load Span = 3.5 m

Total Load On Deck Load (kN) 50% Impact Total (kN) Reaction (kN) Horiz. Force(kN)
70R Tracked 536.11 0.125 603.12 301.56 107.22
Total 603.12 301.56 107.22
70R tracked load = 301.56 kN

Horz. bracking force = 107.22 kN
Frictional coefficient = 0.5
Horozontal force =µxRd or Hs/2 whicherever is more = 113.05 kN
Moment due to horizontal force = 288.43 kN-m
Earth Pressure
Earth pressure at top = 0 kN/m2 Earth pressure at top = 20.36 kN/m2
LL surcharge = 6.370 kN/m2
Force due to earth pressure = 468.42 kN Moment due to earth pressure = 754.49 kN-m
Force due to LL surcharge = 293.14 kN Moment due to LL surcharge = 562.11 kN-m
Ultimate limit state

1) Dead load +SIDL+Live load incl. braking & centrifugal force
Earth
Load Case DL SIDL LL LL surcharge
pressure
Normal 1 (a) 1.35 1.75 1.5 1.5 1.2
Case 1 (b) 1 1 1 1.5 1.2
Load
V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN) ML (kN-m) MT (kN-m)
Case
1 (a) 1451.85 1223.98 0.00 2106.52 0.00
1 (b) 1172.39 989.77 0.00 1770.72 0.00
Size of Pier Long = 0.400 m

Tranv = 12.000 m
A, Area of pier = 4.800 m2
I, min = 0.064 m4
r, min = sqrt(I/A) = 0.115 m
Height of pier = 3.835 m
Only pier condition L 2.3L = 8.820 m
L/r = 76.388
< 50
Hence, this is short Column
Minimum percentage of longitudinal steel as per IRC 78:2000
= 0.3 %
Asc = 14400 mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement

1X 96 Nos. 12 T
1X 96 Nos. 16 T
10 T @ 150 c/c
Asc provided = 30159.29 mm2
Percentage of steel = 0.628 % Hence O.K
11.2 Design of Pier in Ultimate Limit State

1. Material data
[a] Concrete data (parabolic rectangular stress-strain relation)
Characteristic strength = 35.0 MPa E value of concrete = 32308 MPa
Peak strain at failure εcu2 = 0.0035 Strain at peak stress εc2 = 0.0020
Strength reduction α = 0.67 Partial factor of safety γc = 1.50
Design strength fcd = 15.61 MPa
[b] Reinforcement data (idealized elastic-perfectly plastic stress-strain relation)
Grade of steel = 500.0 MPa E value of steel = 200000 MPa
Partial factor of safety γs = 1.15 Design strength of steel fsd = 434.78 MPa
Yield strain of steel = 0.0022 Failure strain of steel = 0.1600
2. Geometric details
[a] Dimension detail of column
Actual column length = 3.83 m Effective length multiplier = 2.30
Width of wall = 12000 mm Thickness of wall = 400 mm
Radius of gyration, i = 115.5 mm
Effective length of col l e = 8.82 m Slenderness ratio λ = 76.39
[b] Reinforcement detail at column base
Diameter of long bars (L1) = 16.00 mm Number of long bars = 96
Diameter of long bars (L1) = 12.00 mm Number of long bars = 96
Area of long bars = 30159 mm2 Reinforcement % = 0.63 %
Diameter of spiral/hoop = 10.0 mm Spacing spiral/hoop S L = 150.0 mm
Mechanical reinf ratio ω = 0.175 Normalized force ratio nu = 1.175
Cover to stirrups/ties = 50.0 mm Effective diameter of reinf. 264 mm
3. Computation of Demand points incorporating second order effects

[a] Parameters for limiting slenderness ratio
λlim value is given by as per Eq 11.1 of IRC 112-2011
λlim = 20 * A * B * C / SQRT (n) A = 1/( 1+0.2*φef)
As per Eq A2-14, 15, 16 of IRC 112-2011
φef = effective creep ratio = φ(∞,o) * Moeqp/Moed Moeqp = BM in SLS Moed = BM in ULS
φ(∞,o) = φo* β (∞,0) φo = φRH * β(fcm) *β (t0) β (∞,0) =1
φRH = 1+ (1-RH/100)/0.1*h0^1/3 RH = relative humidity = 70 %
h0 = 2*Ac/u 387 mm φRH = 1.41
β(fcm) = 18.78/sqrt(fcm) 2.80 β (t0) = 1/(0.1+to^0.2) 0.488
to = age in days of loading = 28 days So, φ0 = 1.930
φ(∞,o) = φo* β (∞,0) 1.930
Moeqp = 1404.3 kNm Moed = 2106.5 kNm
So, φef = 1.29 So , A = 0.795
B = SQRT( 1+2w) 1.16 C = 1.7 - rm rm = 1

w= As*fyd/Ac*fcd = 0.175 C= 0.7
n= Ned/Ac*fcd 0.019 λlim = 20 * A * B * C / SQRT (n) 92.93

[b] Eccentricity due to slenderness

M2 = Ned * e2 Ned = Design Axial Force e2 = deflection = (1/r)*le^2/C
le = effective length = = 8.82 m C= 10
1/r = curvature = Kr* Kφ * 1/r0 kr= (nu-n)/(nu-nbal)<=1 ..Eq 11.9 of IRC 112-2011
nu = 1+w = = 1.175 n= NED/AcxfCD
nbal = = 0.4
Kφ = 1+ β * φ ef φ ef = = 1.29
β= 0.35+fck/200- = 0.016 The coefficient Kφ = 1.02
1/r0 = fyd/(Es*0.45*d) = 0.0170 1/m
[c] Design bending moment

Load M 0Ed n = N ed / M Ed
N Ed (kN) λ lim Kr e 2 (m)
case (kNm) (A c f cd ) (kNm)
1 (a) 1451.85 2106.52 0.02 92.93 1.00 0.000 2106.52
1 (b) 1172.39 1770.72 0.02 103.42 1.00 0.000 1770.72
d' = 58.000 d'/D = 0.145
Pt = 0.628 % Pt/fck = 0.018
[d] Capacity of bending moment
Load PU/ MU/ MU M Ed
N Ed (kN) Check
case fckbD fckbD^2 (kNm) (kNm)
1 1451.85 0.009 0.190 12768 > 2106.52 O.K.
2 1172.39 0.007 0.190 12768 > 1770.72 O.K.
11.3 Load Combination for Rare Combination (SL1)

1) Dead load +SIDL also for quasi-permanent combination
2) Dead load +SIDL+Live load
Earth
Load Case DL SIDL LL LL surcharge
pressure
Rare Combination
1 1.0 1.2
2 (a) 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.8
2 (b) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8
Load
V (kN) HL (kN) HT (kN) ML (kN-m) MT (kN-m)
Case
1 733.77 0.00 0.00 -95.75 0.00
2 (a) 1738.27 815.99 0.00 1396.85 0.00
2 (b) 1724.55 815.99 0.00 1401.66 0.00
Load case 1
Load Data
Axial Force (P) 733.77 kN
Moment about major axis (M) 95.75 kN-m
Shear force 0.00 kN

Material Data
Grade of Concrete M35
Grade of Steel Fe500
Load Case Normal
Permissible axial compressive stress in concrete (σcc) 8.75 Mpa
Permissible bending tensile stress in concrete (σct) 1.29 Mpa
Permissible bending compressive stress in concrete (σcb) 16.80 Mpa
Permissible tensile stress in steel (σst) 400 Mpa
Es 200000 Mpa
Ecm 32308 Mpa
E ceff 16154 Mpa
Modular Ratio 12.38
Geometric data
Clear cover (d'') 50.00 mm
Effective cover (d'=d''+φ/2) (compression) 56.00 mm
Effective cover (d'=d''+φ/2) (tension) 58.00 mm
Width of column (B) 12000.00 mm
Depth of column (D) 400.00 mm
Bar Diameter (φ) 12.00 mm
Spacing of reinforcement 125.00 mm
Number of bars along width (compression) 96 Nos.
Reinforcement area (Ast) 10857.34 mm2
Spacing of reinforcement 125.00 mm
Number of bars along width (tensile) 96 Nos.
2
Reinforcement area (Ast) 19301.95 mm
Reinforcement % 0.63 (Ok)
Min reinforcement % 0.300
Properties of uncracked section
2
Cross-sectional area of uncracked section 5143235.00 mm
4
Moment of inertia of uncracked section 71117320858 mm
Calculated direct compressive stress (σco,cal) 0.14 Mpa
Calculated bending compressive stress (σcb,cal) 0.27 Mpa
Interaction formula :
σco,cal / σco + σcb,cal / σcb ≤ 1.0 0.03 (Ok)
Resultant compressive stress in concrete (σct,cal) -0.13 Mpa
Design the section as uncracked section
Properties of cracked section
Neutral axis depth (n) 252.04 mm
2
Effective area of cracked section 3387008.69 mm
Eccentricity of load from the centroid of the effective section 61.16 mm
Net eccentricity 69.33 mm
4
Effective moment of inetria of cracked section 27414057561 mm
Calculated distance of neutral axis below CGeff (ycal) 116.74 mm
Assumed distance of neutral axis below CGeff (yassumed) 113.19 mm
ycal-yassum 3.54
Stress at neutral axis 0.01

Check for stress

Compressive stress in concrete (σcbc) 0.47 Mpa < 16.80 (Safe)
Tensile stress in steel (σsbt) -2.03 Mpa < 400.00 (Safe)
Shear Stress 0.000 Mpa
Load case 2(a)

Load Data
Shear force 815.99 kN
Material Data
Grade of Steel Fe500
Load Case Normal
Permissible tensile stress in steel (σst) 400 Mpa
Modular Ratio 12.38
Geometric data
Number of bars along width (compression) 96 Nos.
Reinforcement area (Ast) 10857.34 cm2
Bar Diameter (φ) 16.00 cm
Number of bars along width (tensile) 96 Nos.
2
Reinforcement area (Ast) 19301.95 cm
2
Cross-sectional area of uncracked section 5143235.00 cm
4
Moment of inertia of uncracked section 71117320858 cm
2
Calculated direct compressive stress (σco,cal) 0.34 kg/cm
2
Calculated bending compressive stress (σcb,cal) 3.93 kg/cm
2
Resultant compressive stress in concrete (σct,cal) -3.59 kg/cm
Design the section as cracked section
2
4
Effective moment of inetria of cracked section 18452332239 mm
ycal-yassum -0.79
Stress at neutral axis -0.05

Check for stress

Shear Stress 0.17 Mpa (Safe)
Permissible Shear stress in concrete for 0.83% Reinf = 0.32 Mpa
Hence no shear reinforcement required.
Load case 2(b)

Load Data
Shear force 815.99 kN
Material Data
Grade of Steel M500
Load Case Normal
Permissible tensile stress in steel (σst) 400.00 Mpa
Modular Ratio 12.38
Geometric data
Number of bars along width (compression) 96.00 Nos.
Bar Diameter (φ) 16.00 cm
Number of bars along width (tensile) 96.00 Nos.
2
Cross-sectional area of uncracked section cm
5143235.00
4
Moment of inertia of uncracked section 71117320858 cm
2
Calculated direct compressive stress (σco,cal) 0.34 kg/cm
2
Calculated bending compressive stress (σcb,cal) 3.94 kg/cm
2
Resultant compressive stress in concrete (σct,cal) -3.61 kg/cm

Design the section as cracked section

2
Effective moment of inetria of cracked section 18451652913 mm4
ycal-yassum -0.77
Stress at neutral axis -0.05
Check for stress
Shear Stress 0.17 Mpa
Permissible Shear stress in concrete for 0.83% Reinf = 0.32 Mpa (Safe)
11.4 Check for crack width Check crack width As per IRC : 112-2011
Where,
εsm-εcm = (σsc-kt*fct,eff/ρp,eff*(1+αe*ρp,eff))/Es >= 0.6σsc/Es
σsc = 2.03 Mpa αe =Es/Ecm = 6.190
Width 400.00 mm Ac,eff = 1680000 mm2
ρp,eff = As/Ac,eff = 0.0115
fct,eff = = 1.29 Mpa εsm-εcm = 6.1E-06
>= 0.6σsc/Es= 6.1E-06
Sr,max =3.4c+0.425*k1*k2*φ/ρp,eff Where, c = 50.0 mm
k1 = 0.8
φeq=(n1*φ1^2+n2*φ2^2)/((n1*φ1+n2*φ2) = 12.0 mm k2 = 0.5
Sr,max = 347.6 mm Crack width, Wk = = 0.002 mm
< 0.3 mm OK


Design of Abut A1 MNB8 R1

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Design of Abut A1 MNB8 R1

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Rambn-Banihal Section of NH-1A : Design Calculation of Hindustan Construction Company Limited

Abutment A1 of Minor Bridge-8

Detailed Design of Abutment & Foundation

1.3 Dimension details of abutment

1.4 Details of foundation

Document No. 47501600/MNB-8/SUB/ABUT-A1/01

1.5 Details of wearing coat and backfill matterial

Document No. 47501600/MNB-8/SUB/ABUT-A1/01

Abutment cap 0.80

Document No. 47501600/MNB-8/SUB/ABUT-A1/01

2.0 Load calculation

1 Bearing 2 Wt of each bearing = 2 kN 4.0

2.2 Super Impose Dead Load from superstructure

2.3 Footpath Live Load from superstructure

Document No. 47501600/MNB-8/SUB/ABUT-A1/01

2.5 Wind Load on structure

2.6 CENTRIFUGAL FORCE

2.7 Dead load Calculation of abutment

500 10192 1 Average Ground level = 1185.500 m

Document No. 47501600/MNB-8/SUB/ABUT-A1/01

13 (7.5-1.27)x1.2x12 82.236 1562.48 7.385 11538.944

For calculation of Seismic force Level upto = 1185.500 m

Document No. 47501600/MNB-8/SUB/ABUT-A1/01

2.9 Earth pressure calculation

Summary of Force & moment due Earth pressure on abutment

Document No. 47501600/MNB-8/SUB/ABUT-A1/01

Active earth pressure coefficient at Normal case Ka

z = zone factor = For Zone V = 0.36

Document No. 47501600/MNB-8/SUB/ABUT-A1/01

Percentage of active force at tranverse direction is considered  z  S a  = 50%

Document No. 47501600/MNB-8/SUB/ABUT-A1/01

Active earth pressure coefficient at Normal case Ka

z = zone factor = For Zone IV = 0.24

Document No. 47501600/MNB-8/SUB/ABUT-A1/01

3.0 Live load calculation at normal case

3.1 MAXIMUM LONGITUDINAL MOMENT CASE

Rc (free bearing)= 1000+1000-1050.037 = 949.96 KN

Document No. 47501600/MNB-8/SUB/ABUT-A1/01

(b) 1-lane Class 70R Tracked Loading

Rc (free bearing)= 700+700-921.367 = 478.63 KN

Document No. 47501600/MNB-8/SUB/ABUT-A1/01

(c) 1/2 lane Class A Loading

Document No. 47501600/MNB-8/SUB/ABUT-A1/01

3.2 Summary of Live load Live Loads - Normal case

3.3 Snow load

Document No. 47501600/MNB-8/SUB/ABUT-A1/01

3.4 Live load calculation at Seismic case

MAXIMUM LONGITUDINAL MOMENT CASE

Rc (free bearing)= 200+200-210.008 = 189.99 KN

Document No. 47501600/MNB-8/SUB/ABUT-A1/01

(b) 1-lane Class 70R Tracked Loading

Rc (free bearing)= 140+140-184.274 = 95.73 KN

Document No. 47501600/MNB-8/SUB/ABUT-A1/01

(c) 1/2 lane Class A Loading

Document No. 47501600/MNB-8/SUB/ABUT-A1/01

SUMMARY OF LIVE LOADS & MOMENTS

3.5 Summary of Live load Live Loads - Normal case

3.6 Snow load

Document No. 47501600/MNB-8/SUB/ABUT-A1/01

4.0 Wind Loads on Structure

Average Height of superstructure =1195.227-1180.5+1.05-(3.3+1.05)/2 = 13.602 m

Document No. 47501600/MNB-8/SUB/ABUT-A1/01

A1 = Solid area as seen in elevation.

4.2 Wind load on loaded structure