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Abstract: In 2001 Gray Chartrand introduced the notation of radio labeling [1]. The application of radio labeling is
usedin computer science, cell biology, radiology (cancer treatment) and networking. In this paper our aim is to label the
vertices and edges of a complement related graphs. Our special interest is to find a general formula to label the vertices and
edges of the graph.
Key Words: Labeling, Radio Labeling, Transformation graph, Radio number.
Introduction:
The graph labeling problem is one of the recent developing area in graph theory. Alex Rosa first introduced this
problem in 1967 [6]. Radio labeling is motivated by the channel assignment problem introduced by W.K. Hale in 1980
[2].Liu and Zhu first determined the radio number in 2005 [5].
Radio Labeling is use for X-ray crystallography, coding theory, network security, network addressing, channel
assignment process, social network analysis such as connectivity, scalability, routing, computing and cell biology etc.
Definition: 1.1
A graph G is an ordered pair (V(G),E(G)) consisting of a non-empty set V(G) of vertices and a set E(G), disjoint
from V(G), of edges, together with an incidence function that associate with each edge of G is an unordered pair of
vertices of G.
Definition: 1.2
Walk is an alternating sequence of vertices and edges starting and ending with vertices. A walk in which all
the vertices are distinct is called a path. A closed path is called a cycle.
Definition: 1.3
The complement or inverse of a graph G is a graph H on the same vertices such that two distinct vertices of H are
adjacent if and only if they are not adjacent in G. Which is denoted by H=Gc.
Definition: 1.4
The sum of graphs G and H is each vertices of G is adjacent with every vertex of H and it is denoted by G+H.
Definition: 1.5
A labeling or valuation of a graph G is an assignment f of labels to the vertices of G that induces for each edge xy a
label depending on the vertex labels f(x) and f(y).
Definition: 1.6
Thedistance between any two vertices u and v denoted by d(u,v) is the length of a shortest u-v path.
Definition: 1.22
Let G be a graph and v be a vertex of G. The eccentricity of the vertex v is the maximum distance from v to any
other vertex of G.
That is .
Definition: 1.7
The diameter of G is the maximum eccentricity among the vertices of G. Which is denoted by
.
Definition: 1.8
The span of f is defined as max{
Definition: 1.9
A radio labelingf of G is an assignment of nonnegative integers to the vertices of G satisfying,
. The radio number denoted by is the
minimum span of a radio labeling for G.
Theorem: 2.1
Let where be a complete graph with m vertices and be a complement of
a complete graph with n vertices then
.
Proof:
Given, where be a complete graph with m vertices and be a complement
of a complete graph with n vertices Therefore,
and The graph G is represent in (figure:1) as below.
(figure:1)
The vertex set of G is where and . Choose
any pair of vertices
…………. (1)
Choose any pair of vertices (x,y) which has distance greater than one.That is . Where
. The pair of vertices is the neighbourhood of vi.
Therefore, …………. (2)
…………. (3)
By equations (1) to (3), .
Define
(figure:2)
vi is a neighborhood vj where and .
Therefore, …………. (4)
Choose any pair of vertices which has distance greater than one. That is vi
and vjare passing through the same vertex .
Therefore, …………. (5)
By equations (4) and (5), .
Define
(figure:3)
Proof:
Given, and n > 1 where be a complement of path graph with m vertices andPn
be a path of order n then vertices. and is represent
in (figure:4) as below.
(figure:4)
where and .
Choose any pair of vertices ,
…………. (8)
Also passing through the same vertex
…………. (9)
…………. (10)
and …………. (11)
By equations (69) and (72), .
Define
Therefore,
Proof:
Given, and n > 1 where be a complement of cycle with m vertices and Pn be a
path of order n. and
is represent in (figure:5) as below.
(figure:5)
where and .
…………. (14)
and …………. (15)
By equations (12)to (15), .
Define
Therefore,
Corollary: 2.7
Let and n > 1 where be a compliment of path graph
with m vertices be a complement of cycle with m vertices and be a path of order n. If the radio labeling of
is same as the radio labeling of then .
Proof:
By theorem 2.5 and 2.6,
.
Theorem: 2.8
Let where be a complement of path graph with m vertices and Cn be a cycle
with n vertices then
Proof:
(figure:6)
where and .
Choose any pair of vertices
…………. (16)
Since passing through the same vertex
…………. (17)
and n 1.
and n 1. …………. (18)
The vertices
and and n 1. …………. (19)
By equations (16)to (19), .
Define
Therefore,
Proof:
Given, where be a complement of cycle with m vertices and Cn be a cycle
of order n. and
is represent in (figure:7) as below.
(figure:7)
where and .
Choose any pair of vertices . The vertices is a neighbourhood of such that
and n-1.
and n-1 …………. (20)
Choose any pair of vertices . such that and . That is
and . The vertices passing through the same vertex
Therefore, and …………. (21)
and
and . …………. (22)
and
and . …………. (23)
Therefore,
(figure:8)
The vertex set of G is which is denoted by
where and .
Choose any pair of vertices .
…………. (24)
Choose any pair of vertices .
and n-1. …………. (25)
…………. (26)
…………. (27)
and and n-1.
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