INTRODUCTION
Theory of Language
Reflecting the cognitive psychology and
humanistic approach prominent in the field
of education at that time, Krashens‟ five
theories on second language acquisition
shifted the culture of the language
classroom 180 degrees and brought a sense
of community to the students by their
sharing of the experience of learning the
same language together. (Richards &
Rodgers, 2001)
Stephen Krashen
An American expert in the field of
linguistics, specializing in theories of
language acquisition and development.
Much of his recent research has involved
the study of non-English and bilingual
language acquisition. During the past 20
years, he has published well over 100
books and articles and has been invited to
deliver over 300 lectures at universities
throughout the United States and Canada.
This acquisition-focused approach sees
communicative competence progressing
"Language acquisition does not require through three stages:
extensive use of conscious grammatical
rules, and does not require tedious (a) aural comprehension,
drill."
(b) early speech production
"Acquisition requires meaningful
interaction in the target language - (c) speech activities
natural communication - in which All fostering "natural" language
speakers are concerned not with the acquisition, much as a child would learn
form of their utterances but with the
his/her native tongue.
messages they are conveying and
understanding." 2. The Natural Order Hypothesis
1. The Acquisition/Learning “Grammatical morphemes seem to be
Distinction Hypothesis acquired in natural order. Some
structures are acquired earlier and some
Language acquisition (an unconscious
process developed through using later.”
language meaningfully) is different
from language learning (consciously
learning or discovering rules about a
language) and language acquisition is
the only way competence in a second
language can develop.
 L2 learners from different L1
backgrounds tended to acquire L2
(primarily English) morphemes in the
same sequence; for instance, the plural
“s” before the third person simple
present “s.”
3. Monitor Hypothesis
Explain the relationship between
acquisition and learning. The
acquisition is the utterance initiator,
while the learning system performs the
role of the “monitor” or the “editor.”
Individual variation in monitor use
KRASHEN’S FIVE
HYPOTHESIS ON
Monitor Over-users are learners who
attempt “monitor” all the time.
Monitor Under-users are learners who SLA
prefer not to use their conscious
knowledge.
Optimal Monitor users are learners who
use the “monitor” appropriately.
 According to Krashen, the role of
the monitor is or should be minor.
(Krashen, 1982)
4. The input hypothesis
Integrantes:
1. Emanuel Morales Colorado
2. Carolina Zuluaga Moreno
3. María Alejandra Carreño
5. The affective Filter Hypothesis Motezuma