"YEAR OF THE FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION AND IMPUNITY"”

UNIVERSITY NATIONAL "SANTIAGO

ANTÚNEZ DE MAYOLO"

UNASAM LANGUAGE CENTER

EXHIBITION PRESENTATION REPORT

WORLD WATER CRISIS

RESPONSABLE
LLECLLISH CUPITAN KAREN DAYANA

TEACHER
SALAZAR SAGASTEGUI HELEN PAMELA

AUGUST 7, 2019
HUARAZ – PERÚ
 WORLD WATER CRISIS

I. TITLE:
WORLD WATER CRISIS

II. INTRODUCTION:
What is the world water crisis?
Did you know that only 2.5% of all the water in the world is fresh water? And
that only 1% is accessible, by accessible I mean trapped in glaciers and snow
fields. We only have real access to 0.0007% of the planets water, that’s all we
have to feed and fuel over 6.8 billion people. The lack of clean water is a
plague which affects 1.8 billion people every year.
A water crisis is when there is not enough potable water for a population,
which in turn leads to drought, famine and death.

Today safe drinking water has become a luxury for people living in drought
hit regions and African subcontinent. People can be seen walking miles and
spending entire day searching for it. Even if they get it, they have to fight with
the water borne diseases arising from it. Economic development suffers when
basic necessities are not met and people have to struggle hard for them. Still,
we people take it for granted and do not understand the importance of water
conservation. Today we will be going over some of the causes, effects and
possible solutions for the water crisis.

Water is essential to life, yet 844 million people in the world - 1 in 9 - lack
access to it. According to a report by the World Economic Forum, the water
crisis is the #4 global risk in terms of impact to society.
While the world's population tripled in the 20th century, the use of renewable
water resources has grown six-fold. Within the next fifty years, the world
population will increase by another 40 to 50 %. This population growth -
coupled with industrialization and urbanization - will result in an increasing
demand for water and will have serious consequences on the environment, but
What is causing the water crisis?

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 Climate change, such as altered weather-patterns (including droughts or
floods), deforestation, increased pollution, greenhouse gases, and wasteful use
of water can cause insufficient supply. All causes of water scarcity are related
to human interference with the water cycle.

III. DEVELOPMENT:
Earth is known as the "Blue Planet" because 71 percent of the Earth's surface is
covered with water, therefore the water Is life, because wherever they are, people
need water to survive. Not only is the human body 60 percent water, the resource
is also essential for producing food, clothing, and computers, moving our waste
stream, and keeping us and the environment healthy; however, we face a global
crisis of water scarcity.

3.1. Effects of water crisis:

There are several principal manifestations of the water crisis such us the Food
security in the Middle East and North Africa Region Nouri (2019). "Water
scarcity alleviation through water footprint reduction in agriculture: The
effect of soil mulching and drip irrigation". Science of the Total Environment.
Inadequate access to safe drinking water for about 885 million people
Inadequate access to sanitation for 2.5 billion people, which often leads to
water pollution.
Some of the major reasons for water scarcity are:
- Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet water demand.
It affects every continent and was listed in 2019 by the World Economic
Forum as one of the largest global risks in terms of potential impact over
the next decade. It is manifested by partial or no satisfaction of expressed
demand, economic competition for water quantity or quality, disputes
between users, irreversible depletion of groundwater, and negative
impacts on the environment. One-third of the global population (2 billion
people) live under conditions of severe water scarcity at least 1 month of
the year. Half a billion people in the world face severe water scarcity all
year round. Half of the world’s largest cities experience water scarcity.
- Inefficient use of water for agriculture.
- Reduction in traditional water recharging areas.

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 - Sewage and wastewater drainage into traditional water bodies.
- Release of chemicals and effluents into rivers, streams and ponds.

3.2. Causes of Water Crisis:

a) Water Pollution: Most of the sources of water in rural areas are terribly
polluted due to poor sanitation and lack of waste treatment plants. Overall
levels of global pollutants are having a negative effect on the drinking
water that is currently clean, as time goes on this damage will be
exacerbated.
b) Groundwater over drafting: The excessive use of groundwater in our
agricultural industries is leading to diminished yields and wasted water.
Over 70% of our water is used to grow crops and most is wasted due to
leaky pipes and poor watering techniques.
c) Overuse and misuse of water: This leads to more water being wasted
and squandered for pointless reasons and leads to further escalations of
the crisis.
d) Disease: A large quantity of the available groundwater in the worst
effected parts of the world is ridden with disease. Due to the lack of
proper water treatment and recycling.
e) Climate change: Climate change is changing the way water evaporates
and where it rains, pushing rainfall further south in both hemispheres
f) Corruption: Simply put. Some of the people who have the power to help
those people in need just don’t care.
g) Lack of infrastructure: Poor regions often don’t have the funds or
education to implement proper infrastructure such as waste treatment and
recycling plants.
h) Loss of groundwater: Due to climate change, human expansion and
development is leading to loss of groundwater worldwide.
i) Unfair pricing of water: Areas of extreme poverty often have to pay
extortionate rates in order to purchase clean water. Those who have no
money have to drink from holes in the dirt, or puddles on the roadside.

3.3. Effects of Water Crisis:

Below are the effects of water crisis on us.

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 a) Death: All life needs water, every 90 seconds a child dies from water
related illness and disease.
b) Disease: Waterborne disease is one of the leading causes of mortality in
the world, water related disease affects more than 1.5 billion people each
year.
c) Warfare: Regional conflicts have arisen due to the loss of safe water
sources.
d) Lack of irrigation: Without water, farmers can’t grow any crops, which
leads to the death of nearly 1 million people every year.
e) Lack of hygiene: 1/3 of the world’s population lives without access to a
toilet. This leads to disease and kills nearly 1 million people each year.
f) Agricultural problems: No water means no crops. Previous regions
with a good amount of water have seen a decline in the ground water and
without water, they cannot grow crops.
g) Livestock problems: The lack of water leads to the impossibility of
keeping livestock, which in turn makes it even harder for people in arid
regions to find food and income.
h) Malnutrition: Due to lack of water and the ability to grow crops,
malnutrition sets in, increasing the chance of disease and death. 160
million children suffer from chronic malnutrition linked to water and
sanitation.
i) Birth defects: Lack of nutrition during pregnancy and malnutrition
causes birth defects in infants.
j) Poor Healthcare: Most hospitals and clinics operate without access to
safe water, leaving them unable to safely help people.
k) Societal impact: Improvements in society are halted due to a constant
need to find water, 5-6 hours every day is spent looking for water on
average. Collectively, women and children spend 125 million hours
every day collecting water.

3.4. Effects of water crisis on the environment:

a) Increased Salinity: Due to poor treatment of water and sanitation. This
leads to more water being unsafe to drink.

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 b) Nutrient pollution: Algal growth caused by excessive nutrients in
groundwater is rendering more water being unsafe to drink to high levels
of nitrate.
c) Drying of riverbeds: Due to poor agricultural practices and human
expansion. Leads to loss of habitat and less water access for poor regions.
d) Loss of habitat: Leading to extinction of species relying on water to
survive in arid climates.
e) Subsidence: Caused by the loss of groundwater, leads to landslips and
sinkholes.

3.5. Solutions to Water Crisis:

a) Funding: Governments could allocate more funding toward ending the
water crisis, currently the US government donates $8 billion every year,
$1 Trillion is needed to solve the problem in the long term.
b) Spreading the message: Educate people better on the causes and effects
of the water crisis, as well as what they can do to help. So they in turn
can teach others and raise awareness.
c) New technologies: Incentivize innovation in the fields of water recycling,
conservation and consumption.
d) Improved irrigation: Change the way we irrigate. Roughly 70% of the
world’s freshwater is used to grow crops; we could improve these
practices to use much less water than we currently use.
e) Energy efficient desalination plants: We need to start finding the means
to make the current desalination plants more effective. By reducing the
energy required to run these plants, we will help millions of people
worldwide.
f) Rainwater harvesting: Areas with very little groundwater reserves can
greatly improve the way they harvest rainwater by building larger
facilities and incorporating better technologies.
g) Transfer of technologies: More developed countries who have a higher
level of technological advancement can help out greatly by sharing their
advancement with developing countries.
For example:

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 The Peruvian Ministry of Housing estimates at least 3.4 million Peruvians
lack access to potable water. there are programs launched in 2013, such
for example the Water.org’s Water Credit program in Peru that prioritizes
regions that have a strong financial institution presence and high demand
for water and sanitation improvements.

IV. CONCLUSION:
Water on Earth is a finite source. Protecting the water means protecting all forms
of the Groundwater can be found in aquifers. water found on Earth. Water at the
surface, under the ground, in vapor form, and as precipitation. Pollution from using
fossil fuels can impact all forms of water. For example, the acid rain that falls onto
the land and flows into the surface water, back into the ground, and back into the
air. As contamination infiltrates the water cycle, more water will be impacted. some
of the solutions for this problem are:
- Educate to change consumption and lifestyles.
- Invent new water conservation technologies.
- Recycle wastewater.
- Improve irrigation and agricultural practices.
- Appropriately price water.
- Develop energy efficient desalination plants.

We have to be aware of the current problem we have.

People in general believe that the only ones responsible for this global water crisis
are the authorities responsible for their care, industrial factories, etc; However, we
have to be aware and take care of our resources, avoiding littering anywhere and
also avoiding the indiscriminate use of non-renewable resources, such as plastics.

V. BIBLIOGRAPHY:

- http://www.worldwatercouncil.org/en/water-crisis.
- https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-effects-solutions-to-critical-
problem-of-water-crisis.php.
- https://www.export.gov/article?id=Peru-Water-Resources.
- https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/freshwater-crisis/