Heat & Mass Transfer

Theory & Application

Dr. S. Kamran Afaq

Professor
HITEC University
Dr. S. Kamran Afaq
(Gold Medalist)

Education
• Ph.D. (Composite Structures) :
University Toulouse III, France - 2003

• M.E. (Composite Structures) :

University Toulouse III, France - 2000

• B.E (Mechanical) :
NED University of Engineering Technology, Pakistan - 1992
Dr. S. Kamran Afaq
Work Experience
• Professor (HOD)
HITEC University – 2009 – till date
• GM (Dy. Director)
Dr. A. Q. Khan Research Laboratories – 1994 - 2009

• Visiting Professor
KICSIT – 2004 – 2009
PIEAS – 2008
NIDA – 2006
• Assistant Professor
ENIT – France – 2002 - 2004
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Engine with Radiator
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Water Circulation
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat Transfer in a Vehicle
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Course Outline

• Introduction
• Heat Conduction
• Fundamental of Convection
• Application : Heat Exchangers
• Mass Diffusion
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Introduction
• Basics of Heat Transfer
• Heat & other Forms of Energy
• Mechanism of Heat Transfer
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Book:
Heat Transfer: A Practical Approach
By: Y A Cengel
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

www.moodle.hitecuni.edu.pk
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

www.moodle.hitecuni.edu.pk
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

www.moodle.hitecuni.edu.pk
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

www.moodle.hitecuni.edu.pk
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

What is difference b/w Thermodynamics

and Heat transfer?

 Thermodynamics :
Deals with the amount of heat transfer as a system undergoes
from one state to other equilibrium state.

 Heat Transfer :
1. In engineering we are normally interested in the rate of heat
transfer. How much heat is transfer per unit of time.
2. As well as the temperature distribution within the system at a
specified time.
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat Transfer?
Pipe flow Current flow

Pressure Voltage
Difference Difference

 Heat Transfer :

1. Heat can transferred from one system to other due to the

temperature difference

2. It is science which predict the heat energy transfer between

material bodies as a result of temperature difference.
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat Transfer
 Human Comfort

A human body is
continuously rejecting
heat to surrounding.

Human comfort is directly related to rate of heat

rejection (Heat Transfer rate). We adjust this rate by
our clothing to the environmental condition.
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat Transfer
 Daily Life Examples

 Heating & Air-Conditioning System

 Refrigerator, Iron
 Computer
 Energy Efficient Home
 Car Radiators
 Solar Collectors

(Minimum heat loss in winter and

Minimum heat gain in summer)
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Why we need a detailed study of

Heat Transfer ?
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Why we need a detailed study of
Heat Transfer ?

 Heat Transfer indicates how long a process will take.

A designer of thermos
normally interested in
that how long coffee will
sustain its temperature
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Engineering Heat Transfer

Applications

Rating : Determination of Heat

Transfer for an existing system at a
1. Heat Exchangers
specific temperature difference

2. Boilers

3. Condensers

4. Radiators Sizing : Determination of size of a

system in order to transfer heat as
5. Heaters a specified rate for a specific
temperature difference
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

UNITS

 Thermal Energy (Q) = 1 joule

 Heat Transfer rate (Q-dot) = 1 joule/sec = 1 watt

 Heat Flux (q-dot) = (Q-dot/A) = 1 watt/m2

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat & other forms of Energy

Energy :

• Thermal
• Chemical, Nuclear
• K.E, P.E
• Mechanical
• Electrical
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat & other forms of Energy

Internal Energy (U) :

Sum of all microscopic forms of energy of molecules.

U = K.E + P.E
Portion of K.E = Sensible Energy or Heat

Total K.E of molecules

Heat :

Temperature :
Average K.E of molecules
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat & other forms of Energy

Calorie :

Calorie is a unit of Heat Energy. Like Joule

1 Cal = 4.1868 Joule

1 Cal = Amount of heat required

raise the temperature of one gram
of water at 14.5°C by 1°C
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat & other forms of Energy

Specific Heat:
Amount of heat required raise the temperature of a
unit mass of a substance by 1°C

At Constant Volume At Constant Pressure

(Cv) (Cp)

For incompressible substance it is constant

UNIT ? C = f ( P,T )
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat & other forms of Energy

Specific Heat:
For an ideal gas , specific heat normally depends
only on temperature.

At low
pressure real
gas also du = Cv(T) dT dh = Cp(T) dT
behave as
Ideal gas

UNIT ?

Enthalpy
Sum of internal energy and energy required to flow of fluid
h = u + Pv
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat & other forms of Energy

Latent Energy or Heat :

If energy (Heat) supplied to the system is greater than

Molecular force  phase change
Amount of heat require to change the phase is called Latent heat.
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat & other forms of Energy

First law of Thermodynamics :

Ein  Eout  Esystem

In rate
  dEsystem
Ein  Eout 
dt

Steady State :

Esystem  0

Ein  Eout
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat & other forms of Energy

In the absence of electric, magnetic, gravity effect, normally the

change in total energy of the system is the simply change in
internal energy of the system;

Ein  Eout  Esystem  U system

Ein  Eout  mCv T (fixed mass system)

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat & other forms of Energy

In Heat Transfer, Normally we are interested in the Thermal

energy which is transferred due to temperature difference.

And, All Nuclear, Chemical, etc energies consider in the form of

thermal energies as heat generation;

Energy Balance in Heat Transfer

Qin  Qout  Egen  Ethermalsystem

Heat Transfer
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat Transfer

Is Heat transfer a scalar or

vector quantity?

How does transient heat transfer

differ from steady
heat transfer?

How does one-dimensional heat

transfer differ
from two-dimensional heat transfer?
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat Transfer
Example-1

V = π D3 / 6
SA = π D2
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat Transfer
Example-2

Assumption
• Heat loss is negligible
• Specific heats are constant

Ein  Eout  Esystem  U system

Ein  Eout  mCv T (fixed mass system)

Ein  mCv T water  mCv T pot

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Modes of Heat Transfer

1. Conduction

2. Convection

3. Radiation
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Modes of Heat Transfer

 Conduction :
Transfer of heat through solids or stationary fluids
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Modes of Heat Transfer

 Convection :
In this mode heat is transfer due to the movement
of the fluids
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Modes of Heat Transfer

 Radiation :
It does not require any medium for heat transfer. In
this mode the electromagnetic radiation is emitted by an
object for heat transfer.
Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Thank You