PROBLEMAS ADICIONALES A LA UNIDAD 6 (INVERSORES)

1.A simple inverter imposes a square wave on a load. Filtering is accomplished by including a
series 25 mH inductor at the output. The load resembles a resistor. Given a 50 Hz circuit
application,plot the amplitude of the wanted component of the output voltage as a function
of the load resistance in this case. Comment on load regulation.

2. A VSI(fig 1) connects a large battery storage system to an ac utility grid. One phase of the
circuit is shown in the next figure. The inverter bridge has relative phase angle 𝛿, and is set
so its wanted component lags the ac voltage by an angle 𝜑. For 𝛿 = 45° and 𝜑 = −30°, what
is the average power per phase flowing to the ac source? What if 𝜑 = +30°?

Fig. 1 interfase VSI entre un banco de baterías y un sistema CA de 60 Hz.

3.The voltage-source invertir(fig.1) uses relative phase control. Under a particular

circumstance,the relative phase delay angle is 36°. For phase angle 𝜑, between the ac source
and the wanted component,

a. Find the power flow to the ac source as a function of 𝜑

b. Estimate the RMS current by computing the first, third, and fifth harmonics. What is the
RMScurrent as a function of 𝜑?.
4.Remote power equipment is another important application of inverters. Many villages in
EastCentral Africa do not have electrical energy supplies. However, electric water pumps are
an important part of the sanitation system. Consider a village with a solar-powered well
pump.The pump fills a tank so that water is available at night or on overcast days. A typical
system has about 3 𝑚2 of solar panels, with peak output power of about 320 W-enough to
supply a 1/3 HP motor. If the panels are configured with the cells in series, the nominal dc
voltage is about 150 V. A VSI is to be designed for this application to power a small single-
phase motor.
a. Suggest a motor voltage (based on standard 120 V, 208 V, 230 V, 380 V, or 460 V machines)
that will be consistent with the VSI output. For this motor, what angle 𝛿 will be used? Plot the
voltage waveform for this choice.
b. If the motor is represented by a series L-R connection, and it shows a power factor of 0.8
to an ideal incoming ac line, plot the motor current when 60 Hz output is used.
c. In an emergency, if part of the panel fails or if there are long periods of heavy overcast, it
is desirable to run the pump at reduced speed and power so that water can be obtained.
Assume the pump draws a power that is linear with respect to motor speed. At 50% power,
what frequency and value of 𝛿 should be used for the inverter, if the bus voltage is still
about 150 V? What if the bus voltage is reduced to 100 V when a panel is removed for
service?

5. A PWM inverter operates with 50% depth of modulation from an input voltage of 72 V. It
supplies a series L-R load with L = 1 mH and R = 1 Ω.The modulating frequency is 50 Hz,
while the switching frequency is 500 Hz.
a. Draw the circuit. Based on triangle PWM, plot the voltage and current at the L-R
combination.
b. Plot the current waveform drawn from the dc supply.

6. A PWM inverter has modulation depth k. The output is variable. The inverter operates from
a 300 V dc bus and supplies a load with 90 𝜇H in series with 0.8 Ω. The switching frequency
is18 kHz.
a. What is the load power as a function of k ,for 60 Hz output?
b. The modulation frequency varies between 0 and 400 Hz. Is load power affected by the
modulation frequency? What is the output power for k = 0.7 at 10 Hz? What is the output
power with k = 0.7 at 400 Hz?
7. A three-phase line source provides a voltage of 380 Vline.to-linea t 50 Hz. This source is
rectified with diodes in a full bridge configuration. The rectifier output is a high capacitance.
This dc bus serves as the input for a PWM inverter. The inverter switching frequency is 12 kHz.
a. Estimate the dc bus voltage. How big should the capacitor be to keep the voltage ripple
below 5% peak to peak, if the nominal power level is 15 kW?
b. The inverter serves a motor rated at 380 Vline-to-line1,5 kW at 50 Hz. What is the
modulation index when the inverter provides rated output for the motor?
c. The inverter serves a motor rated at 230 Vhne-to-line1, 5 kW (20 HP) at 60 Hz. What is the
modulation index with the motor operating at rated conditions?

8. In three-level PWM, the modulating process operates on each portion of the modulating
function separately. The output peak value is still given by the depth of modulation, but the
RMS value of the square wave is not Vi,. Compute the THD for three-level PWM as a function
of the depth of modulation. (Hint: Each pulse-width is well-defined based on the modulating
function; the square of a pulse function is easy to compute.)