Article 195.

Subject to the provisions of the succeeding articles, the following

To Memorize: are obliged to support each other to the extent set forth in the proceeding
article:

1. The spouses;
MODULE 1
2. Legitimate ascendants and descendants;

Article 4 Section 1. The following are citizens of the Philippines 3. Parents and their legitimate children and legitimate and

1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the illegitimate children of the latter;

adoption of this constitution; 4. Parents and their illegitimate children and legitimate and

2. Those who are fathers and mothers are citizens of the illegitimate children of the latter; and

Philippines; 5. Legitimate brothers and sisters, whether of full or half blood.

3. Those born before January 27, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who

elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; MODULE 2
and
Article 2. Laws shall take effect after fifteen days following the completion of
4. Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.
their publication in the official gazette or in a newspaper of general circulation.

Article 194. Support comprises everything indispensable for sustenance,

Article 3. presupposes that the law has been published, if the presumption is
dwelling, clothing, medical attendance, education and transportation in
to have any legal justification at all.
keeping with the financial capacity of the family.

Article 14. Penal laws and those of public security and safety shall be obligatory
The education of the person entitled to be supported referred to in the
upon all who live or sojourn in Philippine territory.
preceding paragraph shall include his schooling or training for some
profession, trade or vacation, even beyond the age of majority. Transportation
Article 15. Laws relating to family rights and duties or to the status, condition
shall include expenses in going to and from school, or to and from place of
and legal capacity of persons are binding upon citizens of the Philippines, even
work.
though lived abroad.
MODULE 3: Cannons Cannon 8 – A lawyer shall conduct himself with courtesy, fairness and candor
towards his professional colleagues, and shall avoid harassing tactics against
Cannon 1 – A lawyer shall uphold the constitution, obey the laws of the land opposing counsel.
and promote respect for law and for legal processes.

Cannon 9 – A lawyer shall not, directly or indirectly, assist in the unauthorized

Cannon 2 – A lawyer shall make his legal services available in an efficient and
practice of law.
convenient manner compatible with the independence, integrity and
effectiveness of the profession.
Cannon 10 – A lawyer owes candor, fairness and good faith to the court.

Cannon 3 – a lawyer in making known his legal services shall use only true,
Cannon 11 – A lawyer shall observe and maintain the respect due to the courts
honest, fair dignified and objective information or statement of facts.
and judicial officers and should insist on similar conduct by others.
Cannon 4 – A lawyer shall participate in the improvement of the legal system
by initiating or supporting efforts in law reform and in the improvement of the
Cannon 12 – A lawyer shall exert every effort and consider it his duty to assist
administration of justice.
in the speedy and efficient administration of justice.

Cannon 5 – A lawyer shall keep abreast of legal developments, participate in

Cannon 13 – A lawyer shall rely upon the merits of his cause and refrain from
continuing legal education programs, support efforts to achieve high standards
any impropriety which tends to influence or gives the appearance of
in law school as well as in the practical training of law students and assist in
influencing the court.
disseminating information regarding the law and jurisprudence.

Cannon 14 – A lawyer shall not refuse his services to the needy.

Cannon 6 – These cannons shall apply to lawyers in government service in the
discharge of their official tasks.
Cannon 15 – A lawyer shall observe candor, fairness and loyalty in all his
dealings and transactions with his client.
Cannon 7 – A lawyer shall at all times uphold the integrity, and dignity of the
legal profession and support activities of the integrated bar.
Cannon 16 – A lawyer shall hold in trust all moneys and properties of his client
that may come to his possession.

Cannon 17 – A lawyer shall owes fidelity to the cause of his client and he shall
be mindful of the trust and confidence reposed in him.
Cannon 18 – A lawyer shall serve his client with competence and diligence.
Cannon 19 – A lawyer shall represent his client with zeal within the bounds of
the law.
Cannon 20 – A lawyer shall charge only fair and reasonable fees.
Cannon 21 – A lawyer shall preserve the confidences and secrets of his client
even after the attorney-client relation terminated.
Cannon 22 – A lawyer shall withdraw his services only for good cause and upon
notice appropriate in the circumstances.
MODULE 5
Article 1. Marriage is a special contract of permanent union between a man and
a woman entered into in accordance with law for the establishment of conjugal
and family life. It is the foundation of the family and an inviolable social
institution whose nature, consequences and incidents are governed by law and
not subject to stipulation, except that marriage settlements may fix the property
relations during marriage within the limits provided by this code.
Article 2. No marriage shall be valid, unless these essential requites are present:
1. Legal capacity of the contracting parties who must be a male and a
female; and
2. Consent freely given in the presence of the solemnizing officer.
Article 3. The formal requisites of marriage are:
1. Authority of the solemnizing officer;
2. A valid marriage license except in the cases provided for in Chapter 1
of this title; and
3. A marriage ceremony which takes place with the appearance of the
contracting parties before the solemnizing officer and their personal
declaration that they take each other as husband and wife in the
presence of not less than two witnesses of legal age.
Article 7. Marriage may be solemnized by:
1. Any incumbent member of the judiciary within the court’s jurisdiction;
2. Any priest, rabbi, imam or minister of any church or religious sect and
registered with the civil registrar general, acting within the limits of
the written authority granted him by his church or religious sect and
provided that at least one of the contracting parties belongs to the
solemnizing officer’s church or religious sect;
3. Any ship captain or airplane chief only in the cases mention in.
Article 35. The following marriages shall be void from the beginning: Article 38. The following marriages shall be void from the beginning for reason
1. Those contracted by any party below eighteen years of age even with of public policy:
the consent of parents or guardians; 1. Between collateral blood relatives, whether legitimate or illegitimate,

2. Those solemnized by any person not legally authorize to perform up to the fourth civil degree;
marriages unless such marriages were contracted with either or both 2. Between step-parents and step-children;
parties believing in good faith that the solemnizing officer had the 3. Between parents-in-law and children-in-law;
legal authority to do so; 4. Between the adopting parent and adopted child;
3. Those solemnized without license, except those covered by the 5. Between the surviving spouse of the adopting parent and the
proceeding chapter; adopted child;

4. Those bigamous or polygamous marriages not falling under Article 6. Between the surviving spouse of the adopted child and the adoptee;
41; 7. Between an adopted child and a legitimate child of the adopter;
5. Those contracted through mistake of one contracting party as to the 8. Between adopted children of same adopter; and
identity of the other; and 9. Between parties where one, with the intention to marry the other,
6. Those subsequent marriages that are void under Article 53. killed that other person’s spouse, or his or her own spouse.

Article 36. A marriage contracted by any party who, at the time of the Article 46. Any of the following circumstances shall constitute fraud referred to

celebration, was psychologically incapacitated to comply with the essential in number 3 of the proceeding article:

marital obligation of marriage, shall like be void even if such incapacity 1. Non-disclosure of a previous conviction by final judgement of the

becomes manifest only after its solemnization. other party of a crime involving moral turpitude;
2. Concealment by the wife of the fact that at the time of the marriage,

Article 37. marriages between the following are incestuous and void from the she was pregnant by a man other than her husband;

beginning, whether the relationship between the parties be legitimate or 3. Concealment of Sexual Transmitted Disease, regardless of its nature,

illegitimate: existing at the time of the marriage; or

1. Between ascendants and descendants of any degree; and 4. Concealment of drug addiction, habitual alcoholism, homosexuality

2. Between brothers and sisters, whether full or half blood. or lesbianism existing at the time of the marriage.
No other misrepresentation or deceit as to character, health, rank, fortune, or
chastity shall constitute such fraud as will give grounds for action for the
annulment of marriage.
Article 47. The action for annulment of marriage must be filed by the following
persons and within the periods indicated herein:
1. For causes mentioned in Number 1 of Article 45, by the party whose
parent or guardian did not give his or her consent, within five years
after attaining the age of twenty-one; or by the parent or guardian or
person having legal charge of the minor, at any time before such party
reaches the age of twenty-one;
2. For causes mentioned in Number 2 of Article 45, by the sane spouse,
who had no knowledge of the other’s insanity; or by any relative,
guardian, or person having legal charge of the insane, at any time
before the death of either party; or by insane spouse during lucid
interval or after retaining sanity;
3. For causes mentioned in Number 3 of Article 45, by the injured party,
within five years after the discovery of the fraud;
4. For causes mentioned in Number 4 of Article 45, by the injured party,
within five years from the time the force, intimidation or undue
influence disappeared or ceased;
5. For causes mentioned in Number 5 and 6 of Article 45, by the injured
party, within five years after the marriage.
Article 55. A petition for legal separation may be filed on any of the following
grounds:
1. Repeated physical violence or grossly abusive conduct directed
against the petitioner, a common child or a child of the petitioner;
2. Physical violence or moral pressure to compel the petitioner to
change religious or political affiliation;
3. Attempt of respondent to corrupt or induce the petitioner, a common
child or a child of the petitioner, to engage in prostitution or
connivance in such corruption or inducement;
4. Final judgment sentencing the respondent to imprisonment of more
than six years, even if pardoned;
5. Drug addiction or habitual alcoholism of the respondent;
6. Lesbianism or homosexuality of the respondent;
7. Contracting by the respondent of a subsequent bigamous marriage,
whether in the Philippines or abroad;
8. Sexual fidelity or perversion;
9. Attempt by the respondent against the life of the petitioner; or
10. Abandonment of the petitioner by respondent without justifiable
causes for more than one year.
For purposes of this Article, the term “child” shall include a child by nature or
by adoption.
MODULE 8
Article 1156. An obligation is a juridical necessity, to give, to do or not to do.
Article 1157. Obligations arises from:
1. Law;
 2. Contracts; 4. By the confusion or merger of the rights of the creditor and debtor;
3. Quasi-contracts; 5. By compensation;
4. Acts or omission punishable by law; and 6. By novation.

5. Quasi-delicts.

Article 1164. the creditor has the right to the fruit of the thing from the time of
the obligation to deliver it arises. However, he shall acquire no real right over
it until the same has been delivered to him.
MODULE 9
Article 1305. A contract is a meeting of minds between two persons whereby
one binds himself, with respect to the other, to give to do or not to do.

Article 1169. those obliged to deliver or to something incur in delay from the
Article 1306. The contracting parties may establish such stipulation, clauses,
time the oblige judicially or extra-judicially, demands from them the fulfillment
terms and conditions as they may deem convenient, provided they are not
of their obligation.
contrary to law, morals, good customs, public order or public policy.

Article 1170. those who in the performance of their obligations are guilty of
Article 1318. There is no contract unless the following requisites concur:
fraud, negligence, or delay and those who in any manner contravene the tenor
1. Consent of the contracting parties;
thereof, are liable for damages.
2. Object certain which is the subject matter of the contract;
3. Causes of the obligation which is established.
Article 1174. except in cases expressly specified by the law, or when it is
otherwise declared by stipulation, or when the nature of the obligation requires
the assumption of risk, no person shall be responsible for those events which
MODULE 15
could not be foreseen, or which though foreseen, were inevitable.

Section 1. Forms of negotiable instrument – An instrument to be negotiable

Article 1231. Obligations are extinguished: must conform to the following requisites:
1. By payment or performance; 1. It must be in writing and signed by the maker or drawer;
2. By the loss of the thing due; 2. Must contain an unconditional promise to pay a sum certain in
3. By the condonation or remission of the debt; money;
 3. Must be payable on demand, or at fixed or determinable future time;
4. Must be payable to order or to bearer; and
5. Where the instrument is addressed to a drawee, he must be named

or otherwise indicated therein within reasonable certainty.

Section 52. A holder in due course is one who has taken the instrument under
the following conditions:
1. That is complete the regular upon its face;
2. That he became the holder of the instrument before it was overdue,

and without notice that it had been previously dishonored, if such was
the fact;
3. That he took it in good faith and for value;
4. That at the time it was negotiated to him he had no notice of any
infirmity in the instrument or defect in the title of the person
negotiating it.