Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
-Interpret using artist’s viewpoint, symbols, captions, humor and satire and
historical images.
Creates interest
Requires knowledge of historical/literacy images 1) Caricature- Overemphasis on a person’s features
2) Irony-saying opposites,on purpose
3)stereotype-fixed idea about a thing/person
How did the locals respond to British rule after WWII? (H chap 7)
-Ppl lived in overcrowding, slum conditions. Poor sanitation and lack of health
services led to diseases.
-The British govt passed laws…All unions had to register wif da govt. this
helped to monitor ppl in the trade unions and ensured that money was not
funded for communist de stuff.
-Singaporeans changed their attitudes towards the British govt and evoked
their desire for self-govt.
1) Felt tat the Brits ruled Singapore for over 100 years and still can’t protect
it(To the Japs)
2) External events such as India, the Brits largest colony became independent
from them.
-The Brits had no intention of giving up complete control, but in order to gain
support, they allowed some locals to be elected into da Legislative Council.
Thus held the first elections in 1948.
-Only those born in Singapore can vote, and it wasn’t made compulsory. Thus
not a lot of ppl bother to vote.
-Singapore Progressive Party(SPP) worked closely wif Brits. Mostly are eng-
educated and is not popular wif da Chinese-educated. Believed in gradual self
govt, introduced Central Providence Fund(CPF) Won 3/6 seats in 1948.
- David Marshall
1)1st locally born dude to serve Singapore govt.
2) Jewish lawyer
3) Was under the Brits’ control, and wasn’t respected. He was refused when
he asked for more powers. Untimely was because the Brits didn’t expect his
party, LF to win da elections!
-April 1955
- Hock Lee Amalgamated Bus Company was a small company. Workers who worked for it came from Singapore Bus Workers
Union (SBWU) and Hock Lee Employers’ union.
-SBWU workers demanded for better pay and working conditions. In response, Hock Lee Amalgamated Bus Company or Hock
Lee Bus Company dismissed 229 workers.
- Workers gathered at the bus depot at Alexandra Road and prevented buses from leaving the garages. Police were called in
on 27 April 1955, and the workers’ threw stones at them. Police used Batons.
- Students even came in Lorries, and showed their support by bringing food and entertaining the workers with songs and
dance.
- David Marshall tried to settle this by setting up a Commission Inquiry, but sadly, it failed and da ppl continue rioting. Bus
workers form 6 other companies even joined in.
-Climax was on 12 May 1955,when ppl attacked the police with bricks/stones/battles.
-it all came to an end on 13 may 1955, 4 ppl were killed, 31 were injured. (a.k.a black Thursday)
-most imp, the sacked workers got their jobs back.
-David Marshall was unwilling to arrest/imprison the communists.
This made the Brits think that Marshall couldn’t protect the Brits’ interests and
prevent Singapore from falling into the communists’ hands.
-Marshall also asked for more power, but was rejected, as the Brits would not
agree with internal self-government.
Internal self govt = local representatives having complete control of
all internal matters, except external affairs and defense.
-Marshall then went to London,in attempt to get Singapore the full self-
government. Yet the Brits were unconvinced that Marshall could cope with the
communists, and disagreed. And so, the talks failed..
This made Marshall resign his post of Chief Minister.
-One of the challenges faced by Lim Yew hock was when he announced the
closure of Singapore Chinese middle school students’ union (SCMSSU) due
to its communist activities.
- October 1956
- Closure of SCMUSSU. Arrest of student leaders and expulsion of 142 students for taking part in communist activities.
- Students retaliated quickly. They camped at Chung Cheng High school and Chinese High School.
- On 24 Oct 1956, the govt. told parents to persuade their children to return home, but the students refused.
- And Lim chin siong happen to be organizing a meeting near Chinese high school. When it ended, some workers joined in da riots.
- The govt. then gave orders for the police to use tear gas to clear the students out of school.
- Students threw stones & bottles, overturned cars and damaged traffic lights. The riots went on for 3 days.
- A curfew was imposed, armies were called in. road blocks were also set up to prevent ppl from gathering into large crowds.
- Many were later arrested, including Lim chin siong and Fong swee suan.
-13 ppl died, 100 were injured.
-The Brits were therefore pleased with Lim Yew hock’s success in suppressing
the strikes and riots.
-In 1957, Lim Yew hock to re-negotiate for full self-self govt. he wanted
Singapore to have a say in matters of defense and external events,
COMPROMISED on the issue of internal security.
The talks were successful and on his return, Lim Yew hock announced that
Singapore would have internal self-govt. with elections to be held in May
1959.
-voting was also made compulsory; there was increased interest by the ppl on
who should govern Singapore.
-yet, the most impressive party was still da PAP. As they were united, had a
clear plan for Singapore, were concerned about the ppl’s lives, and promised
to make improvements in health and education. Won 43/51 seats!
-Lee Kuan Yew the new Prime minister on the state of Singapore.
Yusof bin Ishak became the Head of state.
-Yet, Malaya wasn’t keen about the idea of merger. They were afraid of racial
imbalance, that the Chinese will outnumber the Malays. (A pre-dominantly
Chinese state)
Economic reasons, relief of long term responsibilities(its Very poor, underdeveloped and under populated.
colonies are spore/sabah/sarawark), secure stability in da Merger would help solve these problems.
strong anti-communism Malaya
-The PAP welcomed the idea and even had talks with the Tunku, but the
radicals within PAP opposed the idea.
-PAP therefore started a year-long campaign to build up support for the
merger.
-And so, a referendum was conducted in Singapore on 1 September 1962 to
find out which type of merger the ppl wanted. Majority(71%) supported the
govt position.
Conclusion
1) Common market to be established in stages
2) Singapore to provide $150 million loan
3) Singapore collects its own revenue and pays an agreed
sum of money
-The Cobbold commission was set up in Jan 1962 to find out whether ppl
favored in Sabah/Sarawak to join Malaysia.
-Result is that 2/3 ppl favored merger. And so, Malaysia would be formed on
31 August 1961.
-On 16 September 1963, Malaysia came into existence. 14 states were under
control of the central govt at Kuala Lumpar.
-Therefore, differences between the Alliance & PAP were too complicate to
resolve, and racial riots could happen again.
-Tunku decided that Singapore must leave Malaysia and Singapore leaders
eventually agreed with this decision.
-On 9 August 1965, Lee Kuan Yew announced at Caldecott Hill that Singapore
is no longer part of Malaysia.
-we have our own pledge/flag. Flag is raised at United Nation’s building.
DEFENCE
-The Brits announced the withdrawal of its military troops by the end of 1971,
which meant we had to build our own self-defense.
-Made NS a must for those fit male aged above 18.gave them trainings.
-The Singapore improvement trust (SIT) set up by the Brits did not build
sufficient housings. Half a million lived in the slums/squatter settlements in
1959.
- And so, Housing development board (HDB) gave top priority to housing
problems. It implemented housing programs through three-to-five year plans
to build affordable housing.
EDUCATION
-The education system was to get ppl to interact and support Singapore’s
economical development. And so, there were integrations for different
educational systems. It is to make education accessible to all groups of ppl,
technical education.
-teachers were recruited and training for them were enhanced. More schools
were built. There was emphasis on math/science/technical subjects and the
bilingual policy.