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05 CHAPTER
PAST QUESTIONS ACCORDING TO ARTICLE F.Sc, Part – I
INTRODCUTION DISCOVERY OF ELECTRON DISCOVERY OF PROTON DISCOVERY OF NEUTRON
DETERMINATION OF e/m VALUE, CHARGE AND MASS OF ELECTRON RUTEHRFORD ATOMIC MODEL
PLANCK’S QUANTUM THEORY OF RADIATION

MCQs
(1). Neutron was discovered by: (RWP,1997)(LHR,2011)(SGD,2014)
(a). J J Thomson (b). James Chadwick (c). Rutherford (d). Dalton
(2). When α – particle is emitted from the nucleus of a radioactive element, the mass number of atom:
(a). increases (b). decreases (c). does not change (d). remains constant (KHI,1997)
(3). Which one is having higher energy: (DGK,1997)
(a). α – rays (b). β – rays (c). X – rays (d). none of these
(4). Charge on electron was determined by: (SGD,1998)(GRW,1999)(DGK,2000)(LHR,2001)
(a). Thomson (b). Millikan (c). Crooks (d). Haber
(5). Nature of cathode rays for H2, He and CO2 is: (MUL,1998s)
(a). same (b). different (c). opposite (d). almost similar
(6). Gamma rays carry: (DGK,1998s)
(a). positive charge (b). negative charge (c). no charge (d). partial positive charge
(7). The emission or absorption of energy by an atom is represented by: (NWFP,1999)
(a). ∆E = hv (b). ∆E = mgh (c). ∆E = mc2 (d). ∆E = ½ mv2
(8). Application of external magnetic field causes the cathode rays to: (MUL,1999s)
(a). move in a circular path (b). reflect (c). deflect (d). bend
(9). When electrons are passed through a magnetic field, they bend towards: (GRW,1999s)
(a). north pole (b). south pole (c). Both poles (d). none of the poles
(10). An alpha particle consists of: (DGK,1999s)
(a). Neutron (b). Positron (c). Electron (d). Helium nuclei
Or An alpha particle is equal to: (BWP,2003oc)
(a). Neutron (b). Positron (c). Electron (d). Helium nucleus
(11). Which of the following ray are non material: (DGK,1999s)
(a). alpha rays (b). beta rays (c). gamma rays (d). cathode rays
(12). The flow of current in a conductor is due to the movement of : (LHR,2000)
(a). electrons (b). protons (c). neutrons (d). ions
(13). Positron is: (FSD,2000)(2001)(GRW,2001)
(a). negatively charged (b). neutral (c). positively charged (d). none of these
(14). Canal rays are produced inside the discharge tube from: (BWP,2000)
(a). gas molecules inside the discharge tube (b). cathode (c). anode (d). None of the above
(15). Electron carry: (DGK,2000s)
(a). positive charge (b). negative charge (c). no charge (d). none of these
(16). Mass an electron is: (SGD,2001)(LHR,2011)
(a). 9.1 x 10 – 31kg (b). 9.1 x 10 30kg (c). 9.1 x 10 – 31g (d). 9.1 x 10 31g
(17). Negatively charged particles were named electrons by: (MZD,2004oc,op)
(a). R.A Millikan (b). G.J Stoney (c). W. Crooks (d). Chadwick
Or The name to electron was give by: (SWL,2018)
(a). William (b). Stoney (c). J.J Thomson (d). Chadwick
(18). Electrons and protons have: (GRW,2004)
(a). Equal charge and equal mass. (b). Different charge and different mass.
(c). Equal charge and different mass. (d). Different charge and equal mass.
(19). The e/m values for the positive rays is maximum for: (MUL,2007)(LHR,2008)(GRW,2009)
(a). hydrogen (b). helium (c). oxygen (d). nitrogen
(20). How many times the mass of neutron is greater than that of electrons? (GRW,2007np)
(a). 1480 (b). 2000 (c). 200 (d). 1840
(21). The nature of positive rays depends upon: (BWP,2007s)(LHR,2013)(SWL,2015)
(a). nature of electrode (b). nature of discharge tube (c). nature of residual gas (d). none of these
(22). When beryllium is bombarded with fast moving alpha particle the sub –atomic particle produced is:
(a). Electron (b). Proton (c). Neutron (d). Beta particle(SGD,2008)(2008s)
(23). Mass proton is (in kg): (LHR,2008)(MUL,2008)
(a). +1.6 x 10 – 19 (b). –1.6 x 10 – 19 (c).1.672 x 10 – 27 (d). 9.1 x 10 – 31
(24). The reciprocal of wavelength is: (GRW,2009s)
(a). Frequency (b). Wavelength (c). Wavenumber (d). Velocity of electron.
(25). The negative charge on the cathode rays was established by: (GRW,2009)
(a). William crooks (b). J Perrin (c). J.J Thomson (d). Hittorf
(26). Angstrom is the unit of : (LHR,2009)
(a). Time (b). Length (c). Mass (d). Frequency
(27). Properties of waves are: (FSD,2009)
(a). Wavelength (b). Wavenumber (c). Frequency (d). All
(28). The velocity of photon is: (FSD,2009)(SGD,2017)
(a). independent its wavelength (b). depends on its source
(c). equal to square of its source (d). depends on its wavelength
SHEIKH SHAHBAZ ALI,Assistant Professor,Govt. College, Satellite Town, Gujranwala.
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(29). Electrons carry: (GRW,2009)
(a). positive charge (b). negative charge (c). no charge (d). partial positive charge
(30). Cathode rays consists of : (MUL,2009s)
(a). electrons (b). protons (c). neutrons (d). positrons
(31). Bombardment of α – particles on beryllium (Be) atom emits neutron and this process is called:
(a). natural radioactivity (b). artificial radioactivity (c). Pauli’s exclusion principle (d). Hund’s rule (GRW,2011)
(32). The number of neutron present in 3919K is: (FSD,2011)
(a). 39 (b). 18 (c). 20 (d). 19
(33). The wave number of the light emitted by a certain source is 2x10 7 m –1, the wavelength of this light will
be: (GRW,2012)
(a). 500nm (b). 500m (c). 50nm (d). 5x107m
Or The wave number of the light emitted by a certain source is 2x10 6 m –1, the wavelength of this light will
be: (FSD,2014)
(a). 500nm (b). 500m (c). 50nm (d). 5x107m
(34). + X, where X is: (LHR,2014)
(a). Proton (b). Positron (c). Electron (d). Neutron
(35). Cathode rays can be generated at the pressure of: (SWL,2014)
(a). 1 torr (b). 0.1 torr (c). 0.01torr (d). 0.001 torr
(13). The e/m value for the positive rays is maximum for the gas: (BWP,2015)
(a). hydrogen (b). helium (c). oxygen (d). nitrogen
(36). Rutherford’s Atomic failed because: (DGK,2016)
(a). The atom did not have nucleus and electrons (b).It did not account for the attraction between proton and neutron
(c). It did not account for the stability of atom (d). There is no space between nucleus and electrons
(37). When beta(β)particle is emitted from the nucleus of an atom its: (FSD,2018)
(a). atomic number increases by 1 (b). atomic number decreases by 1
(c). atomic mass increase by 1 sheikh shahbaz ali (d). atomic mass decreases by 1
(38). The charge on proton is: (FSD,2018)
(a). 1.6022 x 10 – 13C (b). 1.6022 x 1011C (c). 1.6022 x 10 – 19C (d). 1.6022 x 1019C
(39). 1A0 = m: (MUL,2018)
(a). 10 – 10 (b). 10 – 11 (c). 10 – 12 (d).10 – 13
(40). Positive rays were discovered by: (SWL,2018)
(a). J.J Thomson (b). Goldstein (c). William Crookes (d). Rutherford

SQs
(1). Describe the behaviour of cathode rays in magnetic field. (RWP,2004)(DGK,2014)
(2). Explain the defects in Rutherford’s model of atom.
(DGK,2005np)(GRW,2009s)(MUL,2008)(2011)(FSD,2009)(SGD,2010)(LHR,2011)
Or Why the Rutherford’s Atomic Model was unsatisfactory? (BWP,2013)
Or Give drawbacks of Rutherford’s Atomic Model. (DGK,2014)(GRW,2017)
Or What was defect in the Rutherford’s planet like picture of atom? Draw structure. (DGK,2017)
(3). How will you relate energy of emitted light with its frequency and wavelength? (GRW,2006)
(4). Give one nuclear reaction for the production of neutron. (MUL,2006)
Or Give nuclear reactions for the production of free neutron and α – particle. (AJK,2007)
Or What are nuclear reactions? Write equation for a nuclear reaction for the production of neutron.(BWP,2017)
(5).Write balanced equation for any two nuclear reactions. (LHR,2008)(MUL,2008)
Or Write the nuclear reaction when slow moving neutrons hit the ‘Cu’ atoms. (GRW,2008s)(MUL,2009s)
Or Give nuclear reaction for the conversion of 6629Cu and 6630Zn. (BWP,2013)(FSD,2016)
Or Write down nuclear reaction involved in the conversion of Cu into Zn. (GRW,2014)
Or How neutrons hit on Cu? Give reactions. (DGK,2017)
Or Write two equation when slow moving neutrons hits Cu metal. (BWP,2018)
(6). What particles are formed by the decay of free neutron? (BWP,2013)(FSD,2014)
Or What are the decay products of free neutrons? (LHR,2014)
Or What particles are formed by the decay of free neutron? Write balanced chemical equation. (SGD,2015)
(7). State the postulates of “Plank’s Quantum theory.” (GRW,2006s)
Or What is Planck’s quantum theory? (LHR,2013)
Or Write down two postulates of Planck’s Quantum Theory. (LHR,2014)(GRW,2014)(LHR,2017)
(8). The e/m value of positive rays for different gases are different but those of cathode rays the value is same. Justify
(GRW,2007)
Or Whichever gas is used in the discharge tube, the nature of the cathode rays remains the same. Why? (AJK,2007)
Or Why cathode rays are independent of the nature of gas used in the discharge tube? (DGK,2009)
Or Cathode rays do not depend on the nature of the gas used in the discharge tube. Explain (GRW,2009s)
Or Why the nature of cathode rays is independent of the nature of the gas used in the discharge tube.(GRW,2014)
Or Why does the e/m values of positive rays for different gases are different but those for cathode rays, the e/m values are
same? (SGD,2018)
(9). Why e/m value of the cathode rays is just equal to that of electron?
(GRW,2007np)(BWP,2007s)(LHR,2008s)(SWL,2014)(GRW,2015)
Or Why e/m value of cathode rays is the same for all gases? (LHR,2009)(2013)
Or How cathode rays termed as electrons? (FSD,2009)
(10). How cathode rays affect on the gas enclosed in the discharge tube. (AJK,2007)
(11). How we come to know that cathode rays are material particles with negative charge? (LHR,2007)(MUL,2009)
SHEIKH SHAHBAZ ALI,Assistant Professor,Govt. College, Satellite Town, Gujranwala.
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Or How will prove that the cathode rays are material particle with negative charge? (MUL,2009)
(12).Give an experiment in the cathode rays tube to show that cathode rays are material particles.(GRW,2008)
Or Cathode rays are material particles having definite mass and velocity. Justify. (GRW,2008s)
Or Cathode rays are material particles. Explain with reason. (GRW,2015)
(13). The e/m values of positive rays obtained from the hydrogen gas is 1836 times less than that of cathode rays. Justify it
(LHR,2007)(GRW,2011)(BWP,2018)(DGK,2018)
Or Justify that e/m value for positive rays obtained from hydrogen gas is 1836 times lesser than that of cathode rays.
(GRW,2017)
(14). e/m value for positive rays is the maximum for hydrogen gas. Why? (GRW,2007np)
(15). Calculate the mass of an electron when e/m =1.755x10 11 Coulomb kg – 1. (GRW,2007s)(LHR,2014)(LHR,2017)
Or Calculate the mass of an electron when e/m ratio is 1.7588x1011Coulomb’s kg– 1 and charge on an electron is
1.602x10 –19 Coulombs. (MUL,2011)
Or Calculate mass of electron by using its value of charge and e/m value. (RWP,2018)
Or Evaluate the mass of electron. (GRW,2018)
(16). How did Rutherford’s model of an atom first of all proved the existence of nucleus of the atom?(GRW,2008)
(17). Why positive rays are also called canal rays? (MUL,2008)(SGD,2010)(GRW,2010)(SGD,2014)(SWL,2014)
Or Which observation tells the presence of positive rays in the discharge tube? (DGK,2009)(FSD,2008)
(18). How slow neutrons prove to be more effective than the fast neutrons? (LHR,2008s)
(19). Give two properties of neutrons. (GRW,2009)(LHR,2014)(BWP,2014)(LHR,2016)
Or What are slow and fast neutrons? (MUL,2008s)
Or Differentiate between slow and fast neutron. (GRW,2017)
(20). Define frequency and wave number. (D.G Khan,2009)
Or Differentiate between frequency and wave number. (GRW,2011)(2011s)(DGK,2018)
Or Define; (i)Pauli – exclusion principle (ii)Wavelength (Lahore,2011)
(21). Give two postulates of Rutherford’s atomic model. (GRW,2009s)
(22). Why it is necessary to decrease the pressure in discharge tube to get cathode rays?
(SGD,2010)(GRW,2012)(SGD,2014)(SGD,2016)(DGK,2017)
Or What are cathode rays? Why is it necessary to decrease the pressure in the discharge tube to get the cathode rays?
(GRW,2017s)
(23). Write four properties of cathode rays. (MUL,2010s)
(24). Write four properties of positive rays. (GRW,2011)(LHR,2013)
(25). Cathode rays can cause a chemical change. Justify (MUL,2011)(FSD,2016)
Or Give any two properties of cathode rays. (LHR,2015)
(26). Complete: (a) 42He + 9 4Be (b) 147N + 10n (FSD,2011)
Or Complete the following nuclear reactions: (a) 42He +9 4Be ? (b)147N + 10n (fast) ?
(GRW,2014)(FSD,2011)
(26). How the bending of cathode rays in the electric and magnetic field show that they are negatively charged?
(GRW,2012s)(BWP,2015)
(27). Give reasons for production of positive rays. (LHR,2013)
Or How positive rays are produced? (DGK,2014)
(28). Calculate mass of electron from its e/m value. (LHR,2013)
(29). The e/m values of positive rays are different for different gases but that of cathode rays obtained from different
gases is the same. Give reasons. (RWP,2014)
(30). The e/m value of positive rays depends upon the nature of gas in the discharge tube. Explain with reason.(MUL,2014)
(31). Prove that E = h c v. (DGK,2014)
(32). How neutrons were discovered by Chadwick? Give the equation involved for the nuclear reaction. (LHR,2015)
Or How was neutron discovered by James Chadwick? Prove it by a nuclear reaction. (RWP,2018)
(33). Why slow neutrons are usually more effective than the fast ones for the fission purpose? (BWP,2015)
(34). The e/m value of positive rays is less than cathode rays. Justify. (SWL,2015)
Or Why is the e/m value for the positive rays always smaller than that of cathode rays? (MUL,2018)
(35). What happens when neutron decays? (MUL,2015)
(36). How neutron are used in the treatment of cancer? (DGK,2016)
(37). How will you prove that cathode rays travel in straight line? (BWP,2017)
(39). Cathode rays are negatively charged? Explain it with diagram. (DGK,2017)

LQs
Q.No.1(a). Discuss the conclusions of Rutherford’s model of atom. (3)(BWP,2003oc)
Or Rutherford’s Atomic Model is based on the scattering of – particles from a thin gold foil. Describe it and explain the
conclusion. (4)(RWP,2014)
(b).Explain the J.J Thomson’ s experiment for determining e/m value of electrons. (4)(GRW,2007)(LHR,2007)
Or What is J.J Thomson experiment for determining the e/m value of electron? (4)(BWP,2016)
Or Write a note on e/m value of electron and its measurement. (4)(BWP,2016
Or How charge to mass (e/m) ratio of electron is measured? (4)(MUL,2017)(DGK,2017)
Or Describe J.J Thomson’s experiment for determining the e/m value of electron. (4)(LHR,2018)

Q. No.2(a). Explain Rutherford’s Atomic model on the basis of his experiment. (4)(GRW,2007np)
Or Explain Rutherford Atomic Model. Give its defects. (4)(LHR,2017)
(b). Explain the experiment which helps us to understand the discovery of proton. (4)(LHR,2007)

Q.No.3(a). Give the measurement of charge and mass of an electron by MILLIKAN’S Oil Drop Method.
(5)(RWP,2004)(LHR,2007)(2013)(BWP,2007s)(GRW,2007s)(MUL,2008)(2012)
Or How the charge on the electron is measured? (4)(GRW,2009s)
SHEIKH SHAHBAZ ALI,Assistant Professor,Govt. College, Satellite Town, Gujranwala.
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Or Write Millikan’s Oil Drop Method for the measurement of charge on electron. (4)(LHR,2014)
Or Describe Millikan’s Oil Drop Method for the measurement of charge on an electron. (4)(DGK,2014)(2018)
Or How the charge on electron was measured by oil drop method? (4)(BWP,2015)
Or Explain Millikan’s oil drop experiment to determine the charge on electron.(4)(BWP,2015)(GRW,2017)(DGK,2017)

(b). What are positive rays? Give their properties. (5)(MUL,2008)(GRW,2008s)

Q.No.4(a). Discuss Chadwick’ s experiment for the discovery of neutron. Give properties of neutrons.(5)(LHR,20008s)
Or What is neutron? How it was discovered? Give its two properties. (4)(GRW,2011)
Or Describe discovery and properties of neutron in Chadwick experiment. (4)(FSD,2013)
Or Write four properties of neutrons. (4)(LHR,2013os)
Or Discuss Chadwick’s experiment for the discovery of neutron. Write three properties of neutrons.(4)(GRW,2014)
(b). (i) Write three points of Planck’s quantum theory. (4)(FSD,2010)
(ii) Define frequency and wavenumber.

Q. No.5(a). Write defects in Rutherford’s model of atom. How Bohr removed them? (4)(SGD,2011)
(b). Discuss properties of cathode rays. (4)(FSD,2011)(MUL,2014)(LHR,2015)

Q. No.6(a). How are positive rays produced in discharge tube? Give properties of these rays. (4)(GRW,2015)
(b). Write four properties of positive rays. (4)(SGD,2016)

Q. No.7(a). Describe determination of atomic number of element by X – Rays. (4)(GRW,2017)

(b). What is Cathode Ray Tube? Describe two properties of cathode rays. (4)(MUL,2017)

05 CHAPTER
PAST QUESTIONS ACCORDING TO ARTICLE F.Sc, Part – I
BOHR’S ATOMIC MODEL DERIVATION OF RADIUS AND ENERGY SPECTRUM
HYDROGEN SPECTRUM CALCULATION OF WAVENUMBERS
DEFECTS OF BOHR’S ATOMIC MODEL X – RAYS

MCQs
(1). Lyman series of spectral lines are found in: (MUL,1998)
(a). Visible region (b). Ultraviolet region (c). Infra red (d). None of these
(2). When light after passing through a prism splits into different colours, this pattern is called:
(a). wave front (b). light pattern (c). rain bow (d). spectrum (DGK,1999)
(3). A spectrometer can measure the frequency of the radiations: (MUL,2000)
(a). emitted (b). absorbed (c). both a and b (d). none of these
(4). An instrument used to measure the frequency and intensity of absorbed light is called: (GRW,2000)
(a). potentiometer (b). photometer (c). spectrometer (d). voltmeter
(5). In the ground state of an atom, the electron is present:(SGD,2003)(LHR,2007)(2008s)(GRW,2008s)
(a). In the nucleus (b). In the second shell (c). Nearest to the nucleus (d). Farthest from the nucleus(LHR,2014)
(6). According to Bohr’s Model angular momentum of electron of H – atom in second orbit is:
(a). h/2π (b). 3h/2π (c). h/π (d). 2h/3π (SGD,2005)
(7). Balmer series lie in: (GRW,2005os)(GRW,2010)
(a). Radio – wave region. (b). Visible region. (c). ultra – violet region. (d). infra red region.
(8). Lyman series is obtained when electron in an atom jumps from higher energy level to: (GRW,2007np)
(a). ground level (b). 2nd level (c). third level (d). 4 th level
(9). Lyman series occurs in: (LHR,2007)
(a). Visible region (b). U.V region (c). I.R region (d). None of these
Or The wavelength of Lyman series lies in the region: (SGD,2010)
(a). Visible (b). U.V (c). I.R (d). None of these
Or The Lyman series lies in the region: (SWL,2014)
(a). U.V region (b). Visible region (c). I.R region (d). Microwave region
(10). Splitting of spectral lines when excited atoms of hydrogen are subjected strong electric field is called:
(a). Zeeman effect (b). Stark effect (AJK,2007)
(c). Photoelectric effect (d). Compton effect (DGK,2009)(GRW,2010)
(11). Lines of Paschen series are produced when electron jumps from higher orbit to ---orbit.(GRW,2008)
(a). 1st (b). 2nd (c). 3rd (d). 4th
(12). According to Bohr’s the radius of second orbit of hydrogen atom is: (LHR,2008)
(a). 0.529A0 (b). 2.116A0 (c). 4.0A0 (d). 5.0A0
(13). Bohr’s model of atom is contradicted by: (MUL,2008)(GRW,2012s)(MUL,2014)
(a). Photo electric effect (b). Pauli exclusion principle
(c). Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle (d). Aufbau principle
(14). The K- series have wavelength: (MUL,2009)
(a). Longer (b). Smaller (c). Same (d). Different.
(15). The limiting line of Balmer series lies in the region: (SGD,2011)
(a). visible (b). U.V (c). Near I.R (d). Far I.R
SHEIKH SHAHBAZ ALI,Assistant Professor,Govt. College, Satellite Town, Gujranwala.
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(16). The wave number of the light emitted by a certain source is 2x10 7 m –1, the wavelength of this light will
be: (GRW,2012)
(a). 500nm (b). 500m (c). 50nm (d). 5x107m
(17). Bohr’s model of atom is contradicted by: (LHR,2014)
(a). Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle (b). Planck’s Quantum theory
(c). Dual nature of matter (d). All of these
(18).Emission spectrum of sodium atoms in vapour state show doublet. This is due to: (BWP,2015)
(a).different spins of valence shell electrons (b). fine spectrum
(c). Stark effect (d). Zeeman effect
(19). The wavenumber of light emitted by a certain source is 2 x 10 8 m –1, the wavelength of this light will
be: (DGK,2018)
(a). 500nm (b). 500m (c). 5nm (d). 50nm

SQs
(1). What is Summerfeld’s Modifications of Bohr’s Atomic Model? (LHR,2004)
(2). Differentiate between the Zeeman effect and Stark effect. (FSD,2005ns) (GRW,2008)(2009)(2010)
Or What is ‘Zeeman Effect’? (GRW,2007s)(MUL,2008)(SGD,2008)(FSD,2014)
Or What is Stark effect? (LHR,2008)(MUL,2008)(MUL,2015)
Or Define Zeeman’s effect and Stark effect. (LHR,2015)
Or Differentiate between Zeeman Effect and Stark Effect. (MUL,2017)
(3). Define Moseley’s Law. (LHR,2006)(2007)(DGK,2009)
Or What is the importance of Moseley’s Law? (GRW,2008s)
Or Define Moseley’s Law and give its mathematical expression. (GRW,2009)(SGD,2010)(LHR,2017)
Or Give Moseley’s Law. Also write its importance. (LHR,2009)(2011)(BWP,2014)
Or Write two importance of Moseley’s Law. (LHR,2014)
Or State and give two importance of Moseley’s Law. (SGD,2016)
Or State Moseley’s Law. What does it show? (DGK,2017)
Or What is Moseley’s Law? Give its significance. (GRW,2018)
(4). Define and classify the spectrum, giving one example of each case. (AJK,2007)
Or What is spectrum? Also give the range of wavelengths of visible light spectrum. (GRW,2008s)
Or Define spectrum. Give its two examples. (LHR,2009)
Or Define spectrum. Give its two types. (MUL,2009)(LHR,2009)(GRW,2018)
Or Define atomic emission spectrum. (LHR,2013os)
Or What is atomic emission spectrum. (SGD,2014)
Or Differentiate between line spectrum and continuous spectrum.(SGD,2011)(MUL,2011s)(LHR,2014)(BWP,2015)
Or Write a brief note atomic absorption spectrum. (BWP,2007s)
(5). Justify that the distance gaps between different orbits go on increasing from lower to the higher orbits.
(FSD,2007)
Or Calculate the radius of electron orbit of hydrogen atom for which the value of n = 2. (GRW,2003oc)
Or The distance gaps between different orbits go on increasing from lower to the higher orbits. Give reason.
(MUL,2014)
(6). The energy associated with violet colour is greater than red colour in visible spectra. Why? (LHR,2007)
(7). How is Balmer series produced? (BWP,2007s)
(8). What are the defects of Bohr’s atomic model? (GRW,2008)
(9). How are X – rays produced? (MUL,2008s)(BWP,2017)
(10). Why size of He+ is much smaller than hydrogen atom? (MUL,2009)
Or H – atom and He+ ions are mono electronic systems but the size of He+ ion is much smaller than H – atom. Why?
(GRW,2017)
Or Why does the size of He+ is much smaller than H – atom although both H – atom and He+ ion are monoelectronic
systems? (SGD,2018)(DGK,2018)
(11). What are the defects of the Bohr’s atomic model? (DGK,2009)(FSD,2013)
Or Mention two defects of Bohr’s Atomic Model. (GRW,2014)(SWL,2014)
(12). Energy of electron is inversely proportional to n 2. Discuss. (GRW,2009s)
(13). Calculate ionisation energy of hydrogen atom by using Bohr’s atomic model. (GRW,2010)
(14). Total energy of bonded electron is negative. Justify. (GRW,2010)
(15). What is the origin of spectrum on the basis of Bohr’s model? (FSD,2010)
Or What is the origin of Line Spectrum? (MUL,2016)
(16). Why potential energy of bound electron is negative? (MUL,2010s)
Or The potential energy of electron in an atom is negative. Give reason. (MUL,2018)
(17). Write names of spectral series of hydrogen atom. (LHR,2011)
(18). What is Lyman series? In which region it lies? (RWP,2011)
Or What is Lyman series? (DGK,2016)
(19). The radius of first orbit of hydrogen atom is 0.5290A. Calculate the radius of 3rd orbit of hydrogen atom. (GRW,2013)
(20). How the K – series and M – series of X – rays spectrum are produced? (LHR,2013)
(21). The velocity of electrons in higher orbits is less than that in the lower orbits of atom. Give reason. (RWP,20140
(22). Give two postulates of Bohr’s Atomic Model. (MUL,2014)
Or What is Bohr’s Atomic Model? Give its two postulates. (RWP,2018)
(23). Define(a)atomic absorption spectrum (b)atomic emission spectrum. (SGD,2015)
Or Differentiate between atomic emission spectrum and atomic absorption spectrum. (FSD,2017)
(24). Calculate the wavenumbr of photon, when the electron jumps from n=5 to n=2. (SGD,2015)
(25). Calculate wave number value of Lyman series when n 1 = 1 and n2 = 3. (GRW,2016)
SHEIKH SHAHBAZ ALI,Assistant Professor,Govt. College, Satellite Town, Gujranwala.
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(26). What is origin of emission of X – rays? (GRW,2017)
Or What are X – rays? What it their origin? (MUL,2017)
(27). What is meant by the fine structure of hydrogen spectrum? (MUL,2017)
Or What is fine structure of hydrogen spectrum? (MUL,2018)
(28). What is emission spectrum? (GRW,2018)
Or Explain atomic emission spectrum. (BWP,2018)
(29). Calculate potential energy of electron at a distance of “r” from a nucleus. (SWL,2018)
(30). Explain atomic absorption spectrum. (AJK,2018)
(31). Explain continuous spectrum. (MPR,2018)
(32). How do you justify that velocities of electrons inn higher orbits are less than those in lower orbits of H – atoms?
(GRW,2017)

LQs
Q.No.1(a). Define continuous spectrum. Explain hydrogen spectrum in detail. (5)(SGD,2003)
(b). Derive an equation to measure the radius of electron orbit of a hydrogen atom on hydrogen atom.
(4)(BWP,2003oc)(2013)(GRW,2008)(2013)
Or Derive the equation of radius of revolving electron in the nth orbit.(3)(LHR,2005)(4)(GRW,2009)(FSD,2009)
Or Calculate radius of Bohr’s Atom using Bohr’s Atomic Model. (4)(BWP,2014)(DGK,2018)
Or Derive the equation for the radius of nth orbit of hydrogen atom using Bohr’s Model. (4)(BWP,2015)(GRW,2018)
Or Derive an expression for determination of radius of nth orbit of hydrogen. (4)(GRW,2018)
Or Derive general formula to calculate the radius of ‘nth’ orbit of H – atom by using Bohr’s atomic model.(4)(FSD,2018)
Q.No.2(a). Write a short note on X – rays. (3)(GRW,2003nc)
Or What are x – rays? How was the idea of atomic number derived from the discovery of x – rays. (3)(DGK,2009)
Or Write a detailed note on X – Rays. (4)(SWL,2014)
Or What are X – rays? What is their origin? How was the idea of atomic number derived from discovery of X – rays and
Moseley’s Law? (4)(MUL,2018)
(b). Write postulates and defects of Bohr’s atomic model. (3,3) (BWP,2003oc)
Or What are the defects of Bohr’s atomic model? (4)(MUL,2009)(GRW,2010)(LHR,2011)(2014)(SGD,2018)
Or Give postulates of Bohr’s atomic model. (4)(LHR,2009)(BWP,2013)(AJK,2018)
Or Explain postulates of Bohr’s Atomic Model. (4)(LHR,2014)

Q.No.3(a). Calculate the energy, frequency and wavelength of the light emitted by hydrogen atom when it electron drops
from n2 = 4 to n1 = 2.(h = 6.626x10 – 34Js, c = 3x108ms – 1) (4) (FSD,2005oc)
(b). What is spectrum? Describe ‘Atomic Emission Spectrum’ and ‘Atomic Absorption spectrum’ in detail.(5)(GRW,2003oc)
Or Describe Atomic emission spectrum and atomic absorption spectrum with diagram. (4)(SGD,2010)
Or What is atomic spectrum? Explain its types. (4)(SWL,2017)

Q. No.4(a). Give main points of “BOHR’S ATOMIC THEORY”. (3)(SGD,2008s)

Or Give different postulates of Bohr’s Atomic Model. (4)(GRW,2014)
Or Write down the main postulates of Bohr’s Theory. (4)(FSD,2015)(MUL,2015)
(b). What are X – rays? Give the conclusions drawn in Moseley from study of spectral lines. (4)(DGK,2014)

Q. No.5(a). Calculate the energy, frequency and wavelength of radiations emitted when an electron drops from n=4 to
n=2 of hydrogen atom. (4)(FD,2014)
(b). What is spectrum? Explain Atomic Emission and Atomic absorption spectrum. (4)(DGK,2014)

Q. No.6(a). Mention four defects of Bohr’s Atomic Model. (4)(DGK,2018)

05 CHAPTER
PAST QUESTIONS ACCORDING TO ARTICLE F.Sc, Part – I
WAVE – PARTICLES NATURE OF MATTER (DUAL NATURE OF MATTER)
EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF DUAL NATURE OF MATTER. HEISENBERG’S UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE
QUANTUM NUMBERS SHAPES OF ORBITALS ELECTRONIC DISTRIBUTION
ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION OF ELEMENTS.

MCQs
(1). From which quantum number is the shape of an orbital determined: (MUL,1997)(KHI,1997)
(a). principal (b). azimuthal (c). magnetic (d). spin
(2). No two electrons in an orbital can have the same set of four quantum numbers is the statement of:
(a). Newton’s Law (b). Coulomb’s law (c). Hund’s rule (d). Pauli’s exclusion principle (KHI,1997)
(3). Azimuthal quantum number describes an orbital in terms of its: (RWP,1999)
(a). size (b). orientation (c). shape (d). spin
(4). An orbital can accommodate electrons: (BWP,1999s)
(a). 2 (b). 6 (c). 10 (d). 14
(5). The d – subshell consists of: (SGD,2000s)(MUL,2009s)
(a). 3 orbitals (b). 5 orbitals (c). 7 orbitals (d). 10 orbitals
(6). Number of electrons in d – orbitals is: (GRW,2001)
(a). 2 (b). 6 (c). 10 (d). 14
SHEIKH SHAHBAZ ALI,Assistant Professor,Govt. College, Satellite Town, Gujranwala.
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(7). If the configuration of 14 7N is written as 1s2, 2s2, 2px2, 2py1, 2pz 0,then which of following rule is violated:
(a). Paul’s exclusion principle (b). (n + ℓ ) rule (c). Aufbau principle (d). Hund’s rule(KHI,2003)
(8). f – subshell can accommodate electrons: (BWP,2003oc)
(a). 8 (b). 10 (c). 12 (d). 14
Or An f orbital can accommodate maximum electrons: (GRW,2006)
(a). 10 (b). 2 (c). 6 (d). 14
(9). When 6d orbital is complete the entering electron goes into:(MZD,2004nc,op)(GRW,2007)
(a). 7f (b). 7s (c). 7p (d). 7d (LHR,2007)(2008s)(GRW,2008s)(2012)(LHR,2013)
(10). An Atomic orbital has ℓ = 1, m = +1, 0, – 1 n = 3 then which one of the following atomic orbital has
such values. (MZD,2004nc,op)
(a). 2s (b). 2p (c). 3p (d). 3d.
(11). Orbitals having the same energy are called: (LHR,2005) (FSD,2005ns)(BWP,2007s)
(a). Hybrid orbitals (b). Valence orbitals (c). Degenerate orbitals (d). d – orbitals (GRW,2008)(2008s)
(12). The splitting of spectral lines when excited atoms of hydrogen are subjected in the magnetic field is
called: (BWP,2004)
(a). Stark effect. (b). Zeeman’s effect. (c). Photoelectric effect. (d). Compton effect.
(13). Maximum number of electrons in a sub – shell is given by: (LHR,2005)(2008)
(a). 2ℓ + 1 (b). 2ℓ –1 (c). 2(2ℓ + 1) (d). 2(2ℓ – 1)
(14). Which of these orbitals will be filled first. (FSD,2005np)
(a). 5d (b). 4s (c). 4f (d). 3d.
(15). If the value of ℓ = 1, the atomic orbital is: (DGK,2006)
(a). s (b). d (c). p (d). f
(16). Quantum number values for “2p” orbital are: (LHR, 2006)(GRW,2008s)(GRW,2010)(2012s)
(a). n = 2, ℓ = 1 (b). n = 1, ℓ = 2 (c). n = 1, ℓ = 0 (d). n = 2, ℓ = 0(FSD,2015)
(17). Which orbital has high energy: (MUL,2006)
(a). 2s (b). 3s (c). 4s (d). 4d
(18). The shape of p – orbital is: (AJK,2007)
(a). spherical (b). elliptical (c). dumbell (d). irregualar
(19). Quantum number values for “3p” orbital are: (GRW, 2007s)
(a). n = 2, ℓ = 1 (b). n = 3, ℓ = 1 (c). n = 1, ℓ = 2 (d). n = 3, ℓ = 0
(20). The electronic configuration of an atom is 1s2 2s2 2p4.The number of unpaired electron in this atom is:
(a). 0 (b). 2 (c). 4 (d). 6 (GRW,2008)
(21). Bohr’s model of atom is contradicted by: (MUL,2008)(GRW,2012s)
(a). Photo electric effect (b). Pauli exclusion principle
(c). Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle (d). Aufbau principle
(22). The number of electron in the outermost shell of Magnesium is: (BTN,2008)
(a). 4 (b). 12 (c). 2 (d). 1
(23). Partially filled orbitals in nitrogen atom are: (SGD,2008s)
(a). one (b). two (c). three (d). four
(24). An orbital which is spherical and symmetrical is: (LHR,2009)(GRW,2017)
(a). s – orbital (b). p – orbital (c). d – orbital (d). f – orbital
(25). What is the value of (n+ℓ) for the 3d subshell is: (MUL,2009)
(a). 2 (b). 1 (c). 5 (d). 3
(26). When 4s is complete, the electron goes into: (SGD,2010)(LHR,2014)
(a).4p (b). 3d (c). 4d (d). 4f
(27). Which equation correctly represents the Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle? (FSD,2010)
(a). ∆x. ∆p = h / 4π (b). ∆x. ∆p > h / 4π (c). ∆x. ∆p ≥ h / 4π (d). ∆x. ∆p ≤ h / 4π
(28). Quantum number values for 2s subshell are: (MUL,2010s)
(a). n= 2, ℓ = 0 (b). n= 2, ℓ = 1 (c). n= 1, ℓ = 0 (d). n= 1, ℓ = 1
(29). The maximum number of electrons in a orbital is: (LHR,2014)
(a). 6 (b). 10 (c). 14 (d). 12
(30). The electrons in a subshell are filled according to formula: (DGK,2014)
(a).2n2 (b). 2(2ℓ+1) (c). (2ℓ+1) (d).None of these
(31). The subshell which has highest energy is: (BWP,2015)
(a). 4d (b). 5d (c).6s (d). 6p
(32). The element which has maximum number of unpaired electrons is: (FSD,2016)
(a). Cr24 (b). Ca20 (c). Fe26 (d). Cu29
(33). Which particle has greater wavelength? (GRW,2016)
(a). electron (b). proton (c). neutron (d). – particle
(34). When 5d orbital is completed then entering electron goes into: (SWL,2017)
(a). 6s (b). 6p (c). 6d (d). 6f
(35). (n+ℓ)value of 6d orbital is: (BWP,2017)
(a). 08 (b). 09 (c). 10 (d). 11
(36). The maximum number of unpaired electrons are present it: (MUL,2018)
(a). Fe=26 (b). Ni = 28 (c). Cr=24 (d). Na=11

SQs
(1). What do you mean by uncertainty principle? (GRW,2003oc)
Or State Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. (GRW,2009)(2009s)
Or State Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle and represent its formula. (LHR,2009)(MUL,2011)(LHR,2015)(2018)
Or Define Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle alongwith its equation. (GRW,2011s)
Or Define Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle. (MUL,2014)
SHEIKH SHAHBAZ ALI,Assistant Professor,Govt. College, Satellite Town, Gujranwala.
 8
(2). Why “f” orbital can accommodate fourteen electron only? Explain. (GRW,2004)
Or Calculate the number of electrons in s, p, d and f sub – shell from the formula.(SGD,2005ns)(DGK,2014)
(3). What is Summerfeld’s Modifications of Bohr’s Atomic Model? (LHR,2004)
(4). What is function of principal quantum number? (BWP,2004)(GRW,2007s)(2008)(FSD,2009)(SWL,2014)
Or Define principal quantum number. (BWP,2013)
(5). Define Hund’s rule. (LHR,2005)(2007)(2008s)(GRW,2007np)(2008)(LHR,2014)
Or Define Hund’s rule, give example. (AJK,2006)(GRW,2007)
Or Discuss Pauli’s exclusion Principle. (SGD,2005)(LHR,2007)(2008)(GRW,2011s)
Or State Pauli’s Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Rule. (GRW, 2005ns)(2011)(GRW,2015)
Or What are:(i)Pauli’s exclusion principle (ii)Hund’s Rule (LHR,2014)
(6). Write electronic configuration for an element with atomic number Z = 29. (FSD,2011)
Or Give the electronic configuration of an element having atomic number 29. (SGD,2015)
(7). Give the difference between orbit and obital. (MUL,2007)
(8). Write de – Broglie’s equation. What does it show? (MUL,2008)(2010)
(9). Write electronic configuration of the elements: (i)Cu = 29 (ii)K=19 (LHR,2008)(GRW,2018)
(10). Give electronic configuration of the elements: Ca 20 and Br35 (FSD,2009)(RWP,2011)
(11). Define; (i)Pauli – exclusion principle (ii)Wavelength (LHR,2011)
(12). Write electronic configuration of 14Si and 24Cr. (MUL,2009s)(GRW,2013)
(13). Define azimutahl quantum number and give its importance. (SGD,2011)
(14). Electron has dual nature. Justify (SGD,2011)
(15). Give reasons for production of positive rays. (LHR,2013)
(16). How the K – series and M – series of X – rays spectrum are produced? (LHR,2013)
(17). State spin quantum number(s)briefly. (LHR,2013)
(18). How did Davission and Germer verify the Dual Nature of Matter? (LHR,2013os)
Or How Davisson and Germer proved dual nature of matter? (BWP,2014)
Or Describe experimental verification of dual nature of matter proved by Davisson and Germer. (AJK,2018)
(19). State the n +ℓ rule. (BWP,2013)
Or What is n +ℓ rule? Write electronic configuration of Br(At No35). (GRW,2014)
Or Describe(n+ℓ)rule. Arrange subshells according to this rule. (AJK,2018)
(20). Define quantum number. Write names of four types of quantum numbers. (LHR,2014)
(21). Distribute electrons in orbitals of Cr24 and Mg12. (LHR,2014)
(22). Define Pauli’s Exclusion principle. Also give an example. (LHR,2014)
(23). Write down electronic configuration of Fe(26) and Br(35). (LHR,2014)
(24). Calculate wavelength of a stone of mass of one gram moving with a velocity of 10ms – 1. (GRW,2014)
(25). Write electronic configuration of the following elements:(a) 12Mg (b) 29Cu (FSD,2014)
(26). Draw the shapes of ‘s’ and ‘p’ orbitals. (SGD,2014)
(27). Find the values of magnetic quantum number ,m, when azimuthal quantum number, ℓ is 3. (SGD,2014)
(28).Give electronic distribution of and . (LHR,2015)
(29). Distribute electrons in orbitals of 29Cu and 26Fe. (GRW,2015)
(30). Give electronic configuration of La – 57 and Cr – 24. (GRW,2016)
(31). What is orbital? Draw the shape of p orbitals. (LHR,2016)(LHR,2017)
(32). Define Hund’s Rule with two examples. (GRW,2017)
(33). Write electronic configuration of 7N and 17Cℓ. (GRW,2017)
(34). Define azimuthal quantum number. Justify concept of s, p, d and f subshells from it. (FSD,2017)
(35). Write electronic configuration of elements having atomic number 15 and 29. (SWL,2017)
(36). Distribute electrons in orbitals of 29Cu and 24Cr. (BWP,2017)
(37). Distribute electrons in orbitals of 29Cu and 55Cs. (GRW,2018)
(38). Write electronic configuration of Cu(29) and Sc(21). (FSD,2018)
(39). Write electron configuration of 11Na and 24Cr. (BWP,2018)
(40). Write distribution of electrons in subshell of 6C and 24Cr. (DGK,2018)
(41). Write electronic configuration of fluorine=9 and Cu=29. (MPR,2018)

LQs
Q.No.1(a). What are quantum numbers? Give significance of any one quantum number. (6)(SGD,2003oc)
Or What are quantum numbers? Describe in the detail the significance of any one quantum numbers.(4)(DGK,2009)
(GRW,2012s)
Or What are the quantum number? Discuss their significance? (4)(FSD,2007)
Or Define quantum numbers. Explain Principal and Magnetic quantum numbers. (4)(MUL,2011)(GRW,2016)
Or What are quantum numbers? Discuss Principal and Azimuthal quantum numbers. (4)(SGD,2014)
Or Discuss principal and azimuthal quantum numbers. (4)(SGD,2015)
Or What are quantum numbers? Explain Azimuthal quantum number and magnetic quantum number.(4)(SGD,2017)
Or What are quantum numbers? Explain principal quantum number. (SGD,2017)(BWP,2018)

Q.No.2(a). Describe quantum mechanical treatment of an atom. (5)(FSD,2005nc)

(b). Explain the dual nature of an electron (4) (LHR,2005op)
Or Explain the wave – particle nature of matter. (4)(LHR,2008)

Q. No.3(a). Describe the Aufbau Principle and Hund’s rule which have been adopted to distribute the electrons in orbitals.
(3)(DGK,2009)
(b). Explain Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle. (4)(LHR,2014)

Q. No.4(a). Discuss magnetic and spin quantum number. (4)(LHR,2015)

SHEIKH SHAHBAZ ALI,Assistant Professor,Govt. College, Satellite Town, Gujranwala.