INTRODUCTION

Sandoricum koetjape or commonly traditional systems of medicine, modern

known as Santol is a tropical tree and do medicines, nutraceuticals, food

not grow over 10m. It is usually supplements, folk medicines,

cultivated in different countries in Asia pharmaceutical intermediates and

and abundant in the local markets. chemical entities for synthetic drugs.

Santol bears a round, yellow edible fruit (Pandey et al., 2014).

with brown seed surrounded by a white,

Wound healing is one of the
edible sour or sweet juicy rind. It grows
significant way to maintain and preserve
up to 25 meters (50 meters in some
healthy body state. To elevate the wound
species). Its leaves are either elliptic or
healing capability, the researchers need to
oblong-ovate, 10-25cm long with
use nutritious and healthy fruits. Santol
pointed tips and round bases. (Verheij,
bark contains the phytochemical
2006). According to studies, Santol tree
constituent and it is reveal that Saponins
also exhibit pharmacological activities
exhibit wound healing activity.
like anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic
OBJECTIVES
and anti-carcinogenic effect.

The general objectives of this study is to

Plant derived substances have
determine the wound healing property of
recently become of great interest owing
saponins from the Bark of Santol
to their versatile applications (Tiwari, et
(Sandoricum koetjape)
al, 2011). The most valuable resources

of drugs are the medicinal plants, the

 Specifically, this study aims the The negative control group

following objectives: which was administered with plain NSS

showed significantly higher PMNs,

1. To extract and purify the saponin
indicative that a certain degree of
from santol bark.
inflammation was still present, lower
2. To determine the concentration
fibroblast proliferation and epithelial
of saponins that will exert the
growth which may mean slower wound
wound healing property.
healing.
3. To compare the wound healing

property of saponin extracts with The 5% saponin extract group

the standard drug. showed closest result to that of the

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION positive group, with lower inflammation,

The positive control group, which was more apparent healing during wound

treated with povidone iodine, showed measurement, and higher fibroblast and

greatest evidence of healing. The epithelial proliferation.

histopathology result showed that the

The 4% saponin extract group
positive control group had lowest PMN
also exhibited wound healing promotion.
level indicating lowest inflammation
Appreciable fibroblast and epithelial
amongst the five groups, relatively
proliferation and lower inflammation
higher fibroblast proliferation leading to
were apparent.
more collagen secretion and wound
The 2.5% extract group exhibited
healing. It also showed greatest
some wound healing properties, but not
epithelial proliferation, indicative of
as significant as that of the higher
regrowth of new tissue.
concentrations.
 The most effective saponin Reference

concentration for wound healing was Verheij, E. (2006) Fuits Growing in the
Tropics
5%.

RECOMMENDATION Tiwari, P. (2011, January)

Phytochemical Screening and Extraction
1. To conduct High Performance

Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Pandey, A., Tripathi, S. (2014) Concept

of Standardization, Extraction and Pre
test to know and verify the
Phytochemical Screening Strategies for
specific Saponins of Sandoricum Herbal Drug

koetjape (Santol) bark.

2. To formulate a dosage form of

the Sandoricum koetjape saponin

bark extract.

3. To conduct a study focusing on

the other potential activities of

the Sandoricum koetjape bark.

4. To conduct a study that aims to

determine other therapeutic

activities of the Saponins from

the Sandoricum koetjape bark.

 THE WOUND HEALING PROPERTY OF THE SEMI-PURIFIED SAPONIN
FROM THE BARK OF SANTOL (Sandoricum koetjape fam. Meliaceae )

Seletaria, M.J.S., Tiu, C.H., Victoriano, J.D., Renopalo, C.C.,

Mylene Sevilla Andal, RPh, MS Pharm and Susan S. Montemayor, RPh, MS Pharm

School of Pharmacy, Centro Escolar University, Mendiola, Manila

ABSTRACT
Sandoricum Koetjape or commonly known as Santol are rich in phytonutrient that has
vital role in our health. It stated that this plant contains phytochemical constituent
saponins that are useful as anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic and antidiarrheal
effect. Wounds are result of a skin tissue damage that may be caused by an incision, a
burn, or at times, infections. Human body has its own innate physiological means to heal
and regenerate itself. However, a number of factors could prevent a wound from healing.
The Phytochemical constituent of Saponins are extracted by macerating 500 mL of 20%
Ethanol for 49 hours, then subjected to 90 minute water bath in 55°C and filtered the
heated to 90°C introducing 40 mL diethyl ether, after transferring in separatory funny, 30
mL n-butanol was added and washed with 5% NaCl and incipient dryness was obtained.
The Santol extract was subjected to 25 ICR mice, divided into five groups. Negative
control using a Plain NSS, Positive control using 2% Povidone Iodine, 2.5%, 4% and 5%
extracts. The Organoleptic Test obtained from the bark of Sandoricum koetjape was a
brown amorphous solid with a tea-like odor and it was soluble in Distilled water and
Insoluble in Chloroform and Ether. The extract of Sandoricum koetjape confirmed the
Presence of Saponins since all the chemical test gave positive results.The Instrumental
analysis using FTIR confirmed that the extract potentially contain the presence of
Saponins.The histopathology result, the group with the treated extract showed small
significant difference compared to the negative control group. Based on the Biological
Assay the rate of the healing of the experimental groups was comparable to that of the
positive control group. The researchers therefore conclude that the saponins obtained
from Sandoricum koetjape bark contains wound-healing properties.

Keywords: Saponin, phytonutrient, phytochemical,anti-inflammatory, incision,

regenerate, macerate, organoleptic, amorphous solid, histopathology
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The accomplishment of this research would not have been possible without the people

who generously shared their ideas, knowledge and time to help the researchers. Therefore, the

researchers would like to extend their deepest gratitude to the following people:

To their research advisers, Mrs. Mylene S. Andal and Dr. Susan S. Montemayor for they have

guided the researchers throughout the whole research process. For their never ending patience

and understating. For trusting the capabilities of the researchers with full belief and confidence

for the accomplishment of such study. Without these research advisers this study would not have

come to a successful completion, for that the researchers express their greatest appreciation.

To their families, who expressed their unconditional love and support to the researchers and for

their encouragement and unselfish help for the success of this study.

To their friends and classmates from BSP-4H, for their support and encouragement to the

researchers and for the completion of this research.

To Mr. John Karlo Ecalne, Mr. John Patrick Ramos, Mr. John Toting, Mrs. Juliet D. Dungca and

Mrs. Menchita Domingo for patiently assisting the researchers with their needs for the study and

for willingly helping the researchers to accomplish the success of their research.
To the Dean, Dr. Cecilia D. Santiago, for inspiring the researchers to aim high standards and

become effective researchers that would contribute to the ever expanding knowledge of science.

Above all, is to the Almighty God, for His divine guidance and for blessing the researchers the

wisdom and strength they need for the accomplishment of this research. To God be the Glory!

M.J.D.S

C.H.T

J.D.V

C.C.R
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS…………………………………………………………………………..i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………………………………………..ii

CHAPTER

1. Introduction and Background

Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………1

Background of the Study ………………………………………………………………... 2

Conceptual Framework………………………………………………………………….. 3

Theoretical Framework…………………………………………………………………...3

Research Objective……………………………………………………………………….4

Significance of the Study………………………………………………………………....4

Hypothesis………………………………………………………………………………..4

Scope and Delimitation…………………………………………………………………..5

Definition of Terms………………………………………………………………………5

2. Review of Related Literature and Studies

A Background on Santol………………………………………………………………..7

Wound Healing Studies of Plants………………………………………………………8

Phytochemical screening of Santol……………………………………………………..9

Wound Healing…………………………………………………………………………10

Medicinal Uses of Santol……………………………………………………….............11

 Studies on Saponins……………………………………………………..………..……12

3. Methods and Procedures

Research Methodology……………………………………………………………......17

Research Procedures………………………………………………..………….……...17

Screening for Presence of Saponins………………………………………….……….19

Instrumental Analysis……………………………………………………….………...20

Determination of Wound Healing Property…………………………………….….....20

Experimental or animal manipulation methods……………………………...….….....21

Biological evaluation of wound healing effectiveness………………………...….......23

Statistical Treatment………………………………………………………….….....24

4. Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

Isolation and Calculation of Percentage Yield…………………………………...….25

Organoleptic Test………………………………………………………………...….26

Solubility Test………………………………………………………………….…....27

Chemical Test……………………………………………...…………….….……....28

FTIR Interpretation……………………………………………………….………....29

Biological Test……………………………………………………………….……...30

Histopathological Result……………………………………………………….…...33

Statistical Treatment……………………………………………………...……..….37

5. Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendation

Summary of Findings…………………………………………………..…………41

Conclusion……………………………………………...…………………………43

Recommendation………………………………………...………………………..43
Reference List

Appendices

Curriculum Vitae

LIST OF TABLES

Table

1 Isolation and Calculation of Percentage Yield………………………………….....….25

2 Organoleptic Test………………………………………………………………...….26

3 Solubility Test………………………………………………………………….…....27

4 Chemical Test……………………………………………...…………….….….…....28

5 FTIR Interpretation..…………………………………………………….…….….....29

6 Proliferation of PMN………………………………………………………………...30

7 Proliferation of Fibroblast…………………………………………………………..31

8 Proliferation of Epithelium…………………………………………………………..32

9 Hitopathological Result of Proliferation of PMN……………………………………33

10 Hitopathological Result of Proliferation of Fibroblast……………….....…………..34

11 Hitopathological Result of Proliferation of Epithelium…………………………….35

12 Wound Size Reduction………………………………………………………….......36

13 Statistical Treatment……………………………………………………………...…37

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure

1 Paradigm of the Study……………………………………………………………….18