FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING

ECW566

ASSIGNMENT
SEWER DESIGN EXAMPLE (McGhee, 1991)

PREPARED FOR:
Dr. NORHAFEZAH KASMURI

PREPAREAD BY:
NAME ID
AERNEMASNI BINTI SULAIMAN 2016209402
BATRISYIA ALYA BINTI RUSLI 2016209432
DAYANG NUR ERLIYANA ALIAH BINTI ERWAN 2016209366
NUR AIN BINTISHAMSUDDIN 2016209452
NUR SYAHIRAH BINTI ROSHADI 2016209434

SUBMISSION DATE:
11TH JUNE 2019
Question:

Figure 16-7 shows a portion of a city for which sewers are to be designed. Sewers for
the area north of Maple Avenue have already been designed and a sewer leading from that area
flows south on 15th Street to manhole 22. The illustrative design covers the area west of 12th
Street and that portion east of 12th Street and south of Beech Avenue. The main sewer will flow
south on 10th Street from manhole 1. The area east of 12th Street and north of Beech Avenue is
not a part of this design.

Following the ground slope, sewers are located on the map in the streets and alleys in
a manner which provides service to all of the buildings. Arrows on the map show the assumed
direction of flow. Manholes (which are numbered) are located at intersections of the sewer
lines, changes in direction, and at intervals of not more than 90 m along the upper ends of the
laterals and 120 m elsewhere. The area tributary to each line is shown by the dashed lines on
the drawing. These boundaries are determined by field inspection of the location of buildings
and lot lines. Some of the lines have no tributary area, although they would receive some
infiltration if this were considered separately from the sewage flow.

It is assumed that the, maximum population density in the area will be 10000
persons/km2. It is also assumed that the maximum rate of sewage flow, including infiltration,
will be 1500 L/capita per day.
Results

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
LINE NO TO STREET FROM TO LENGTH AREA POPULATION TOTAL TIBUTARY SEWAGE FLOW SEWAGE FLOW
POPULATION
(m) (m2) (persons) (persons) (L/day) (m3/min)
0 15th … 22 … … … 5725 8587500 5.96
1 Alley between Maple and Locust 18 19 90 10000 100 100 150000 0.10
2 Alley between Maple and Locust 19 20 90 7000 70 170 255000 0.18
3 Alley between Maple and Locust 20 21 90 7000 70 240 360000 0.25
4 Alley between Maple and Locust 21 22 120 12000 120 360 540000 0.38
5 15th 22 17 87 … … 6085 9127500 6.34
6 Alley between Locust and Elm 13 14 90 10000 100 100 150000 0.10
7 Alley between Locust and Elm 14 15 90 7000 70 170 255000 0.18
8 Alley between Locust and Elm 15 16 90 7000 70 240 360000 0.25
9 Alley between Locust and Elm 16 17 120 12000 120 360 540000 0.38
10 15th 17 12 87 … … 6445 9667500 6.71
11 Alley between Elm and Beech 8 9 90 10000 100 100 150000 0.10
12 Alley between Elm and Beech 9 10 90 7000 70 170 255000 0.18
13 Alley between Elm and Beech 10 11 90 7000 70 240 360000 0.25
14 Alley between Elm and Beech 11 12 120 12000 120 360 540000 0.38
15 15th 12 7 87 … … 6805 10207500 7.09
16 Alley between Beech and Spruce 7 6 120 12000 120 6925 10387500 7.21
17 Alley between Beech and Spruce 6 5 120 9000 90 7015 10522500 7.31
18 Alley between Beech and Spruce 5 4 120 12000 120 7135 10702500 7.43
19 Alley between Beech and Spruce 4 3 120 11000 110 7245 10867500 7.55
20 Alley between Beech and Spruce 3 2 120 11000 110 7355 11032500 7.66
21 Alley between Beech and Spruce 2 1 90 7000 70 7425 11137500 7.73
Table 1 Flow calculation for a sanitary sewer system
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
GROUND ELEVATION INVERT ELEVATION

GRADE OF SEWER
UPPER MANHOLE

UPPER MANHOLE
CAPACITY (FULL
VELOCITY (FULL
FALL OF SEWER
SEWAGE FLOW

DIAMETER OF
MANHOLE

MANHOLE
LENGTH

Q/Qfull
LOWER

LOWER
V/Vfull
FLOW)

FLOW)
FROM

PIPE
TO
TO STREET

V
LINE NO

m m3/min m m mm m m/s m3/min m/s m m

0 15th … 22 … 5.96 … 93.69 305 … … … … … … … … 91.23
1 Alley between Maple and Locust 18 19 90 0.10 97.74 96.40 200 0.01800 1.62 1.40 2.64 0.04 0.44 0.62 95.54 93.92
2 Alley between Maple and Locust 19 20 90 0.18 96.40 95.27 200 0.01300 1.17 1.19 2.24 0.08 0.53 0.63 93.92 92.75
3 Alley between Maple and Locust 20 21 90 0.25 95.27 93.93 200 0.01130 1.02 1.11 2.09 0.12 0.58 0.64 92.75 91.73
4 Alley between Maple and Locust 21 22 120 0.38 93.93 93.69 200 0.00700 0.84 0.87 1.65 0.23 0.68 0.59 91.73 90.89
5 15th 22 17 87 6.34 93.69 92.99 380 0.00400 0.35 1.01 6.89 0.92 1.02 1.03 90.71 90.37
6 Alley between Locust and Elm 13 14 90 0.10 96.04 95.37 200 0.01800 1.62 1.40 2.64 0.04 0.44 0.62 93.84 92.22
7 Alley between Locust and Elm 14 15 90 0.18 95.37 94.57 200 0.01300 1.17 1.19 2.24 0.08 0.53 0.63 92.22 91.05
8 Alley between Locust and Elm 15 16 90 0.25 94.57 93.81 200 0.01130 1.02 1.11 2.09 0.12 0.58 0.64 91.05 90.03
9 Alley between Locust and Elm 16 17 120 0.38 93.81 92.99 200 0.00700 0.84 0.87 1.65 0.23 0.68 0.59 90.03 89.19
10 15th 17 12 87 6.71 92.99 92.32 460 0.00150 0.13 0.70 7.03 0.96 1.03 0.73 88.93 88.80
11 Alley between Elm and Beech 8 9 90 0.10 94.85 94.30 200 0.01800 1.62 1.40 2.64 0.04 0.44 0.62 92.65 91.03
12 Alley between Elm and Beech 9 10 90 0.18 94.30 93.48 200 0.01300 1.17 1.19 2.24 0.08 0.53 0.63 91.03 89.86
13 Alley between Elm and Beech 10 11 90 0.25 93.48 92.90 200 0.01130 1.02 1.11 2.09 0.12 0.58 0.64 89.86 88.84
14 Alley between Elm and Beech 11 12 120 0.38 92.90 92.32 200 0.00700 0.84 0.87 1.65 0.23 0.68 0.59 88.84 88.00
15 15th 12 7 87 7.09 92.32 91.92 530 0.00092 0.08 0.61 8.03 0.88 1.02 0.62 87.67 87.59
16 Alley between Beech and Spruce 7 6 120 7.21 91.92 91.74 530 0.00092 0.11 0.61 8.03 0.90 1.02 0.62 87.56 87.45
17 Alley between Beech and Spruce 6 5 120 7.31 91.74 91.71 530 0.00092 0.11 0.61 8.03 0.91 1.02 0.62 87.45 87.34
18 Alley between Beech and Spruce 5 4 120 7.43 91.71 91.40 530 0.00092 0.11 0.61 8.03 0.93 1.02 0.62 87.34 87.23
19 Alley between Beech and Spruce 4 3 120 7.55 91.40 91.43 530 0.00092 0.11 0.61 8.03 0.94 1.02 0.62 87.23 87.12
20 Alley between Beech and Spruce 3 2 120 7.66 91.43 91.40 530 0.00092 0.11 0.61 8.03 0.95 1.03 0.62 87.12 87.01
21 Alley between Beech and Spruce 2 1 90 7.73 91.40 90.61 530 0.00092 0.08 0.61 8.03 0.96 1.03 0.62 87.01 86.93
Table 2 Design of a sanitary sewer system
Calculation

Given:

 Maximum rate of sewage flow = 1500 L/capita

 Maximum population density = 10000 persons/km2

 Minimum cover = 2 m

 Minimum pipe diameter = 200 mm

 Minimum velocity = 0.6 m/s

 Scale = 1cm:30m

Line 16: MH7 to MH6

𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 1𝑐𝑚

1. Length of line = = 4cm ÷ 30𝑚 = 120 m
𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒

1𝑐𝑚
2. Area = Length * Breadth = 120 m * (3.33 cm ÷ 30𝑚 ) = 12000 m2

3. Population = Area * Maximum population density

10000𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑠
= 12000m2 * (1000∗1000)𝑚2

= 120 persons

4. Total Tributary Population

= (Total population from pipe of MH12 to MH7) + (Population of MH7 to MH6)

= 6805 + 120

= 6925
5. Sewage flow (L/day) = Population * Maximum rate of sewage flow

1500𝐿
= 6925 * 𝑑𝑎𝑦

= 10387500 L/day

10387500𝐿 1 𝑑𝑎𝑦 1 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 1 𝑚3

6. Sewage flow (m3/min), Q = * 24 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 *60 𝑚𝑖𝑛 * 1000 𝐿 = 7.21 m3/min
𝑑𝑎𝑦

Take; Diameter of pipe, D = 530 mm = 0.53 m,

Grade of sewer = 0.00092

7. Fall of sewer = (Grade of sewer) * (Length of line) = 0.00092 * 120 m = 0.11 m

1
8. Full flow velocity, vfull = 𝑛 * R2/3 * √S where; n = 0.013,

𝐴 𝜋𝐷 2 /4 𝐷
R=𝑃= =4
𝜋𝐷

1 0.53 2/3
Vfull = 0.013 * ( ) * √0.00092 = 0.61 m/s
4

0.61𝑚 𝜋∗0.532 60 𝑠
9. Full flow capacity, Qfull = vfull * Apipe = * m2 * = 8.03 m3/min
𝑠 4 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝑄
10. 𝑄𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙 = 7.21 / 8.03 = 0.90
11. Using partial flow diagram (Fig. 16-6),

𝑉
= 1.02
𝑉𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙

12. Actual velocity, V = 1.02 * 0.61 m/s = 0.62 m/s

⇒V is more than minimum velocity (0.6 m/s), hence design is OK!

13. Invert elevation

 Upper manhole (MH7)

- Elevation of MH12 from Line 15 = 87.67 m

- Drop of 30mm is to be provided due to changes of direction from MH7 to

MH6

- Fall of sewer from MH12 to MH7 = 0.08 m

Invert elevation of MH7 = 87.67 – 0.08 – 0.03 = 87.56 m

 Lower manhole (MH6)

- Fall of sewer from MH7 to MH6 = 0.11 m

Invert elevation of MH6 = 87.56 – 0.11 = 87.45 m

Discussion

The design of the sanitary sewer system for the specified area is done first by
determining the length and area for each pipeline between two manholes. Then the total
population is calculated in order to estimate the flow rate within the sewer pipes. After that the
design of the sanitary sewer system can commence.

The suitability of the proposed design is checked by ensuring that the actual velocity of
each pipe is more than or equal to 0.6 m/s. Hence, based on the proposed design, the flow in
all of the pipes exceed the minimum value.

These pipes’ slopes are designed to follow the geographical terrain of the area in order
to minimise the work required for cutting and filling had the design goes against the natural
sloping of the area. Hence, cost for the sewer works is also minimise. When, design for the
invert elevation of the sewer system, a drop of 30mm is to be provided for the manhole in the
design when there are changes of direction in the sewer network. Meanwhile, when there are
changes in pipe sizes, the designer is to ensure that the crowns of the two pipes are at the same
elevation point.

Conclusion

From the design process, the calculation has shown that the velocity of designed
sewerage is higher than the minimum value required. Furthermore, the sewers and its invert
levels were designed with regards to the existing reduced level so that the flow of water follows
the correct path as have been proposed.

As a conclusion, this proposed design met the requirement for the sewerage system to
operate by using the engineering hydrological concepts in the specified area.