Beams

Rectangle T-Beams
Analysis Design Analysis Design
Cracking Moment Dimensions: Check: Find:
Minimum thickness beff=1/4 beam span beff=1/4 beam span
from ACI Table 9.5a 8*hf + bw 8*slab thickness + bw
Where: Width= ½ thickness ½ Clear distance ½ Clear distance
Mcr= Moment As min
fr=7.5 Weight:
Ig= Moment of Inertia w= Find:
Yt=distance from centroid to tensile
fiber Assume large of:
Elastic Stresses – Concrete Cracked Calculate:
N.A

Where: ρ (assuming ∅=0.9) If N.A. is in flange:

Trial Steel Area:
n=modular ratio Compare with As min
E=modulus of elasticity
Select
Transformed Area Reinforcement:
New Z

Where: Check:
b=base
d=distance from center of steel to top
compressive fiber
x=distance from top compressive fiber
to neutral axis For Slabs: If N.A. is not in flange:
As=Area of Steel Shrink & Temp. Steel
Moment of Inertia

Bending Stresses
Doubly Reinforced Beams
Analysis Design
Until As is consistent then compare
Find: Find:
with As min
Ultimate Flexural Moments
Find:

’
Strength Analysis If  sy:

Check Safety Factor: ’ ’ ’ ’

If  s0.00207 fs =fy otherwise fs =s Es
’
If  sy:
Solve for c

If bars are different sizes:

Then find: Solve for c

If not strong enough use smaller

compressive steel.
 Development Lengths Shear Columns Footings
Is reinforcement needed: Axially Loaded: Wall-
Calculate Vu at distance d from Find Area of Concrete (Ag): Assume 12 in h with d=8.5in
support
Where: Calculate:
cb=Center of tension bar to nearest Assuming Ast=0.02Ag
concrete surface or center to If stirrups are needed Then Find Ast with selected Ag
center spacing
Ktr=0 (ACIU 12.2.3) Calculate: Ties- =0.65 Find Required Depth
Theoretical stirrup spacing- Spacing of ties = lesser of
16*longitudinal bar diameter or
48*tie diameter (#3bar ties for
If Bundled Bars: #10 or smaller long. Bars, #4 for
Imaginary bar centroid is used Where
larger) Where bw =base width (assumed 1ft for wall
Development +20% for 3 bars Maximum spacing for min area – footing)
+40% for 4 bars Spiral-=0.75 If d is met-
Find Ac (area of core inside the
For Hooks: Max Spacing: spiral)
Where a is the column width

Length after turn: Solve for spacing (s) Find steel as usual
90 degree = 12db
Where Find Development Length
180 degree = 4db
Longitudinal Temp & Shrinkage steel
Eccentricly Loaded:
For Compression: Check V at different distances for
Plastic Centroid-
spacing changes.
Simple Beam Deflections Rectangular footings-
Instantaneous dead load-
Reduction Factor:

Design-
Splices , Depth Required for 2 way (punch)
If MaMcr Ma=Mcr
Compresssion:
,
for 60kpsi or less Find Transformed area &
for 60kpsi moment of inertia as on the ,
front. Find ρg on Interaction diagram
Tension:
Calculate:
Depth Required for 1 way shear
Otherwise:

Crack Width (Gergely-Lutz) Span Formulas

Inst. Dead + Live: Simple- If all depths are ok-
As with dead only
Where:
Βh=ratio of distance to NA from
Inst. Live
extreme tensile concrete to Combined footing:
Fixed-
extreme tensile steel Find Center of gravity-
fs=0.6fy
Long Term
dc=Outermost cover to centroid of
bar Cantilever- Footing length =2x+distance to property line
A=tension area of concrete- Footing Width = x
Where:
centroid of bars to outer layer Create sheer & Moment diagrams solve as
=Time factor (2 for 5+yrs, 1.4
divided by the number of bars Rectangular footing.
for 1 yr, 1.2 for 0.5yr, 1 for 3
Properties months)
’
ρ =compression steel