PSYCHOLOGY AND LANGUAGE LEARNING Versión

PRIMERA EVALUACION PARCIAL 0008

1. Which of the following is the best definition of chunk?
a. A unit of language that is often perceived or used as a single unit.
b. A general term to describe a variety of second language programmes.
c. A statistical procedure that compares the relative frequency to determine whether there is a relationship between them.

2. Identity and _____________________ affiliation can affect language learning success.

a. Willingness.
b. Ethnic group.
c. Political.

3. Which is the best explanation of the concept of "field dependent" learning style?
a. People tend to think carefully about the instructional programmes.
b. People tend to create a learning environment.
c. People tend to see things holistically.

4. Which is the best definition of integrative motivation?

a. Learning for personal growth.
b. Learning for practical goals.
c. Learning for communicative competence.

5. What is the risk of early immersion in a second language environment?

a. Children may have problems with reading and writing.
b. Children may lose some or all of their first language abilities.
c. Children may affect their motivation and willingness.

6. What can be inferred as an assumption of people who feel that it is better to begin learning a second or foreign language at
an early age?
a. It is always desirable for the learner to achieve native-like competence.
b. It is possible to learn a second language at an older age.
c. Adults have some advantages over children when learning a second or foreign language.

7. It is widely accepted that children are more successful language learners than adults. However the reasons for this are
less well understood. Which of the follow is may be a reason fewer adults achieve the same high level of second or foreign
language ability as children?
a. Adults have the same access to innate abilities as children.
b. Adults are not as willing to take risks and practice their new language.
c. Adults are often embarrased by their lack of mastery of the language.

8. Which of the following is true about personality studies?

a. Personality variables have an important influence on succes in language learning.
b. Personality variables measure communicative ability and metalinguistic knowledge.
c. Personality variables may be a major factor only in the acquisition of conversational skills, not in the acquisition of literacy
or academic skills.

9. According to experts age of acquisition of a second language is a very important factor in limiting the development of ...
a. The grammatical skills of a second language.
b. The native-like mastery of a second language.
c. The second language morphology and syntax.

10. Early intensive exposure to a second language may produce ...

a. Lost or incomplete development of the child´s first language.
b. A fully bilingual child.
c. A fully sequential bilingual child.

11. Which of the following is likely to result in a willingness to learn and keep learning a new language?
a. A learner’s need to use a language in a wide range of social and/or professional situations.
b. A learner’s desire to have travel abroad and use the new language.
c. A learner´s receive only a few hours of instruction.
12. The fact that a student feels anxious at oral presentations in front of the second language class but not when working in
oral tasks with classmates in groups, shows that anxiety is ..
a. Surely, a natural reaction of people with high self-esteem.
b. Likely to be dynamic and dependent on specific situations and circumstances.
c. A social dynamic factor.

13. If two variables are correlated, it means that….

a. one is caused by another
b. one cuases the other.
c. one is influenced by the other.

14. There are 3 perceptually based learning styles and two cognitive learning styles; which classroom situation would most
likely result in successful language learning for an aural field dependant learner?
a. A classroom which focuses on grammatical structures taught based on behaviorist theories.
b. A classroom which focuses on communicative functions taught based on cognitivist/developmental theories.
c. A classroom which focuses on grammatical structures taught based on innatist theories.

15. One of the most impressive language development in the early school years is …..
a. The earliest vocalizations such us involuntary crying.
b. The astonishing growth of vocabulary.
c. The cooing and gurgling sounds

16. "Child direct speech" refers to …

a. Slower rate of delivery, higher pitch, stresss on key words, frequent repetition.
b. Read and write simultaneously.
c. Co-construct knwoledge.

17. Vygotsky conceive Language as …

a. A internalized speech, and speech emerged in social interaction.
b. A complex system that humans developed while evolved.
c. A specific innate system to discover the rules.

18. Noam Chomsky´s Innatist perspective states that:

a. All human languages are innate and the same principle underlie all of them.
b. Language develops in the child in exactly the same way other biological functions develop.
c. Language develops primarily from social interaction.

19. One of the most remarkable facts about first language acquisition is….
a. All children follow the same language acquisition sequence and timeline.
b. All children speak the same language until they are three.
c. All children, at the end of their first year can produce at least fifty words.

20. Which of the following studies helped to prove that children master certain elements of their language in a remarkably
similar sequence?
a. Innatist study.
b. Behaviorist study.
c. Grammatical morpheme study.

21. As children learn their first language in the first 3 years there are predictable patterns in the emergence and development
of many features of the language they are learning. Which of the following best describes the determining factor for the
acquisition of these features?
a. Developmental stages of the child which allows them to understand concepts such as time and therefore use language
related to these concepts.
b. Mastery of linguistic elements children need to use in order to describe concepts they already have in their mind.
c. Learning to read gives a major boost to this aspect of language development.
22. Which best describes the idea of a “critical period” in first language acquisition?
a. A time in the life of a person in which they become critical of their society.
b. A time in the life of a person in which they are meant to learn how to acquire a specific skill or ability.
c. A time in the life of a person or animal in which they get critically ill and require care.

23. Simultaneous Bilingualism takes place when ...

a. Children learn to read and write simultaneously.
b. Children learn more than one language from earliest childhood.
c. People who learn another language later in life.

24. Which of the following represents the importance of the environment for first language acquisition according to the innatist
perspective?
a. The environment provides the essential requirements.
b. The environment provides the minimum requirements.
c. The environment provides none of the necessary requirements.

25. Which is the best explanation of the concept of the “logical problem of language acquisition”?
a. Children know more language than they hear in their environment.
b. Children can not distinguish between grammatical and ungrammatical sentences.
c. Children are only exposed to correct language structures.

26. In the behaviorist perspective which of the following plays an important part of first language learning?
a. Language available in the environment.
b. The inborn ability for language learning.
c. The biological programming of people to learn language.

27. Which of the following is the suggestion for information processing model?
a. It suggests that there is a limit to use the amount of focused mental activity we can engage in at one time.
b. It suggests that there is a kind of resources needed to process the information.
c. It suggests that there is metaphor for the mind.

28. Which of the following is the correct definition of input processing?

a. Learners must first notice a language feature before it becomes part of their second language system.
b. Learners need to work with interlocutors who interlocutors who intentionally modify their speech to assist learning.
c. Learners have limited processing capability and cannot pay attention to form and meaning at the same time.

29. Which of the following explains the concept of Krahsen´s input hypothesis?
a. In order to be useful for language acquisition, the language a person hears must be understandable.
b. Second language unfolds in predictable patterns.
c. Metaphorical barrier that prevents language acquisition.

30. Which of the following explains the concept of Krashen´s affective filter?
a. Feelings, motives and needs that prevent learners from acquiring language even when comprehensible input is provided.
b. An acquired system which allows a speaker to use language spontaneously.
c. The difference between learning and acquiring language.

31. According to Krashen’s Monitor Model, needs, attitudes and emotional episodes that put a learner unavailable for
language acquisition are related to..
a. Input Hypothesis.
b. Natural Order Hypothesis.
c. Affective filter Hypothesis.

32. Which of the following explains the concept of Krahsen´s acquisition-learning hypothesis?
a. Language occurs when input is comprehensible.
b. Language is acquired without conscious attention or learned through conscious attention.
c. Language becomes automatic.
33. According to Connectionists, learners gradually construct their knowledge of language...
a. Through exposure to thousands of instances of linguistic features they hear.
b. Through memorization and simple generalization.
c. Through the neurological module.

34. Which of the following is true about processability theory?

a. It explains that first language influence does become more apparent as the learner learns more about the second
language.
b. It explains that learners do not simply transfer features from their first language at early stages of acquisition.
c. It explains that learners have limited processing capacity and cannot pay attention to form and meaning at the same time.

35. Which of the following best describes Swain’s (1985) concept of “comprehensible output”?
a. Learners produce language understood by native speakers.
b. Learners push their limits of second language production by working to find a better way to communicate.
c. Learners can make a great deal of progress through exposure to input.

36. The competition model is based on the hypothesis that...

a. Language Acquisition occurs with the necessity of learner´s focused attention.
b. Language Acquision occurs with no need of any innate brain module that is specifically for language.
c. Language Acquisition occurs with the transfer first language patterns.

37. Language is at least partly learned in chunks, according to ……

a. Competition model.
b. Connectionism.
c. Interaction hypothesis.

38. According to the sociocultural perspective, cognitive development (including language development) is a result of …
a. Social interaction
b. Universal grammar.
c. Contrastive analysis.

39. Comprehension checks, clarification questions, and self-repetitions are examples of ….

a. Comprehensive output.
b. Modified interaction.
c. Declarative knowledge.

40. Which of the following is the best definition for Clarification Request as an example of modified interaction?
a. Native speaker asks a learner to repeat what was said in order to be able to understand him or her.
b. Native speaker repeats what is said to ensure learner has grasped meaning.
c. The native speaker repeats his or her sentence either partially or in its enriety.
PSYCHOLOGY AND LANGUAGE LEARNING . Versión
PRIMERA EVALUACION PARCIAL 0008

SOLUCIONES
N° Sol Res N° Sol Res
1 A X 31 C OK
2 B OK 32 B OK
3 C OK 33 A X
4 A OK 34 A X
5 B OK 35 B OK
6 A OK 36 B OK
7 B X 37 B X
8 C X 38 A OK
9 B X 39 B X
10 A X 40 B OK
11 A OK
12 B OK
13 B OK
14 B X
15 B OK
16 A OK
17 A OK
18 A X
19 A OK
20 C X
21 B X
22 B OK
23 B OK
24 B X
25 A X
26 A OK
27 A X
28 C X
29 A OK
30 A OK