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Guidebook for Formulation of Solid Waste Management Plan
Guidebook
for
Formulation of Solid Waste Management Plan
First Edition 2010
by
National Solid Waste Management Commission
(NSWMC)
Japan International Cooperation Agency
(JICA)
Copyright ¤ 2010
By the
Office of the Secretariat
All right reserved
No Part of this guidebook may be reproduced or duplicated in any form by Photostat, microfilm or
by any other means, without written permission from the publisher.
Acknowledgements
This Guidebook is made possible with invaluable assistance from the following, who
provided the write-ups and reviewed the manuscripts:
Chapter Technical Writers

Alma Pascual-Ferareza, Senior Environmental Management Specialist
Rachel Cabigas-Pasion, Human Resource Management Officer I
Ma. Delia Cristina M. Valdez, Senior Economic Development Specialist
Editorial Staff
Mr. Masaharu Takasugi
Mr. Takashi Goto
Support to the Guidebook Preparation

Gerardo V. Calderon, Assistant Secretary for Local Government Concerns and Lands and
Executive Director, NSWMCS
Emelita C. Aguinaldo, Deputy Executive Director, NSWMCS
NSWMC Secretariat
Philippine Ecogovernance Project
Table of Contents
Page
Table of Contents……………………………............................................... i
List of Tables ……………………………............................................... iii
List of Figures ………………………………………….…........................ iii
Abbreviation of terms …………………….................................................. iv
Chapter 1 Introduction ……………….................................................. 1

1.1 Purpose of the Guidebook …………………..…………………........... 1
1.2 Approach for the Preparation of the Guidebook ……………………. 2
1.3 Definition of Terms …………………… ……….............................. 2
Chapter 2 Mobilizing the Planning Process …………………………............. 3
Chapter 3 Situation Analysis ………………………….................................... 4

3.1 Location …………………………….................................................. 4
3.2 History …………………………………........................................... 4
3.3 Population ………………… …………........................................... 4
3.4 Economic Profile/Land Use ………………………………................. 5
3.5 Physical Characteristics ……………………………….……............... 5
3.6 Institutional Arrangements ……………………………….................... 5
3.7 Inventory of Equipment & Staff ..…………..……………..…………….. 6
3.8 Waste Reduction at Source …………………………………..…....... 6
3.9 Recycling ……………………………….............................................. 6
3.10 Composting ……………………………........................................... 7
3.11 Collection ……………………………............................................... 7
3.12 Transfer Station ………………………………….............................. 9
3.13 Intermediate Treatment Facilities ………………………………....... 9
3.14 Final Disposal ……………………………………….......................... 9
3.15 Special/Hazardous Wastes ………………………........................... 10
3.16 Recyclable Waste of Market Waste & Junk Shop………………… 10
3.17 Information and Education Campaign (IEC) ………………………. 11
3.18 Revenue and Cost ………………………………............................ 11
3.19 Definition of Problems and key Issues ……….………….………… 13
3.20 Waste Characterization ………………………………....................... 13
3.21 Legal/Institutional Set up ………………………………................... 16
Chapter 4 Establishing the Planning Framework ………………………...... 17

4.1 Mission ……………………………..................................................... 17
4.2 Vision ……………………………..................................................... 17
4.3 Target …………………………….................................................. 18
4.4 Strategies ……………………………................................................... 22
i
Chapter 5 Planning the Sustainable SWM System ……….……..…….. 24

5.1 Concepts to Formulate the 10-year SWM Plan ………..……………. 25
5.2 Waste Collection ………………………………………........................ 26
5.3 Waste Reduction, Segregation, Recycling and Composting…………. 27
5.4 Intermediate Treatment, Composting of Biodegradable Waste…........ 29
5.5 Transfer Station …………………………………………...................... 29
5.6 Waste Disposal ……………………………………….............................. 29
5.7 Domestic Hazardous Waste/Special Waste ……………………..…….. 30
5.8 Information Education and Communication (IEC) ………………..…… 31
5.9 Institutional Aspects ………………………………………...................... 31
5.10 Social and Environmental Aspects …………………………..…......... 33
5.11 Financial Plan ………………………………………............................. 33
Chapter 6 Preparation of the Action Plan ……………………........................... 35

6.1 Implementation Strategy and Action Plans………………..…….……… 35
Chapter 7I Implementing the Action Plan …………………………................. 36

7.1 Phases and Targets ………………………………………...................... 36
7.2 Milestones ……………………………………….................................... 36
7.3 Implementation Schedule ……………………….…............................... 36
Appendix ……………………………................................................................ 37
ii
List of Tables
Page
1. Table 3.1 :Standard Form and Result of Junk Shop

Survey (Example of ABCDE City)……………………….………………… 10
2. Table 3.2: Example of Waste Categories and Kind
Kind of Waste for Waste Composition Survey d ………………………… 14
3. Table 3.3: Example Form and Result of Waste Amount
Survey of Individual House ……………………….………………………. 15
4. Table 3.4 : Waste Composition Survey Recording Sheet
(Example: Abcde City) …………………………………………………….. 15
5. Table 4.1: Prediction of Waste and Implementation
Target Amount ………………………………………………………………. 20
6. Table 5.1 : Options Required for the Preparation of the
SWM Plan …………………………………….…………………………….. 25
List of Figures
Page
1. Figure 3.1 : Example of Location ………………………………………..… 4

2. Figure 3.2 : Example of Land Use Map …………………………………… 5
3. Figure 3.3 : Recyclable Material Recovery Stream
by the Junk Shops (Example of ABCDEFG City) …………………….… 11
4. Figure 4.1: Waste Stream and Method of Computation of
Waste Diversion Ratio ……..……………………………………………… 21
5. Figure 5.1 : Cycle in SWM Planning ……………………………………… 24
iii
Abbreviation of Terms
BSWMC : Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee
CBD : Central Business District
CSWMB : City Solid Waste Management Board
DENR : Department of Environment and Natural Resources
EMB : Environmental Management Bureau
EIA : Environmental Impact Asessment
HDPE : High–density Polyethylene
IEC : Information and Education Campaign
IEE : Initial Environmental Examination
IRR : Implementing Rules and Regulations
LDPE, HDPE : Low-density Polyethylene, High-density Polyethylene
LGU : Local Government Unit
MRF : Materials Recovery Facility
NGO : Non-Government Organization
O&M : Operation and Maintenance
PET : Polyethylene Terephthalate
RA : Republic Act
SLF : Sanitary Land Fill
SWM : Solid Waste Management
TOR : Terms of Reference
WACS : Waste Amount and Composition Survey
WDR : Waste Diversion Ratio
WGR : Waste Generation Ratio
FIRR : Financial Internal Rate of Return
NPV : Net Present Value
RIRR : Economic Internal Rate of Return
iv
Guidebook
for
Formulation of Solid Waste Management Plan
First Edition 2010
by
(NSWMC)
Japan International Cooperation Agency
(JICA)
Copyright ¤ 2010
By the
Office of the Secretariat
All right reserved
No Part of this guidebook may be reproduced or duplicated in any form by Photostat, microfilm or
by any other means, without written permission from the publisher.
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
Republic Act 9003 mandates LGUs to prepare its 10-Year Solid Waste Management
Plan. The Act states that:
The province, city or municipality, through its local solid waste management boards,
shall prepare its respective 10-year solid waste management plans consistent with
the National Solid Waste Management Framework: Provided, that the waste
management plan shall be for the re-use, recycling and composting of wastes
generated in their respective jurisdictions: Provided, further, that the solid waste
management plan of the LGU shall ensure the efficient management of solid waste
generated within its jurisdiction. The plan shall place primary emphasis on
implementation of all feasible reuse, recycling, and composting programs while
identifying the amount of landfill and transformation capacity that will be needed for
solid waste which cannot be re-used, recycled, or composted. The plan shall contain
all the components provided in Section 17 of the Act, RA9003 and a timetable for the
implementation of the solid waste management program in accordance with the
National Framework and pursuant to the provisions of the Act: Provided, finally, it
shall be reviewed every two years by the provincial, city or municipal solid waste
management board.
In the preparation of the 10-Year Solid Waste Management Plan, this Chapter shall
contain an overview of the plan including its purpose and approach. It explains the
need for a solid waste plan and its function, the context behind the plan direction, the
plan scope, and the process by which the plan was developed, including public
involvement activities.
Ecological solid waste management plan shall be formulated with involvement of the
city or municipality, citizen, communities, business establishments, etc. The
involvement begins with an assessment and planning process so that all
stakeholders understand the current situation, agree on what will work and plan on a
strategic actions on how to reach the city/municipality’s goal.
The introduction to the plan shall contain the following:
1.1 Purpose of Guidebook
The plan shall place primary emphasis on implementation of all feasible reuse,
recycling, and composting programs while identifying the disposal amount and
treatment capacity. The plan shall contain all the components provided in Section 17
of this RA 9003 and a timetable for the implementation of the solid waste
management program in accordance with the National Framework and pursuant to
the provisions of the Act: Provided, finally, That it shall be reviewed and updated
every two (2) years by the provincial, city or municipal solid waste management
board as required.
This guidebook provides practical advice on how the solid waste management plan
can be formulated and implemented at the city/municipal level by introduction of the
concept of strategic planning for municipal solid waste management. The guidebook
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describes the process and the outputs of strategic planning, points out what is
needed to proceed and guides the reader through the process in a practical, step-by-
step approach. Eventually, it is expected that the guidebook will provide the charts
for the LGUs to:
1. understand the concept of strategic planning for municipal solid waste

management;
2. understand what is needed to develop a municipal waste management plan
and strategy;
3. understand the potential advantages and disadvantages of a participatory
stakeholder approach;
4. understand how to organize and manage the different stages of the strategic
planning process.
1.2 Approach for Preparation of Guidebook
The main approach in preparing this guidebook is to identify firstly the problems and
issues of the LGUs for solid waste management. Then based on the analysis of the
existing situation, generating objectives to address the problems, appraising and
objectives setting, generating actions that support each objective, and preparation of
the action plans, proposal for funding, etc., the guidebook is developed for guiding
the LGUs for preparation of the solid waste management plan easier and effectively.
1.3 Definition of Terms
The terms used in this guidebook shall refer to the definition of terms in RA 9003.
-2-
Chapter 2 MOBILIZING THE PLANNING PROCESS

Planning of solid waste management requires the cooperation and inputs of all
stakeholders that include city/municipal officials, residents and other groups in the
communities having the benefits or affected by solid waste management. Thus, the
establishment of a working committee or solid waste management board composed
of different sectors involved in waste management is basically required. These
stakeholders have different experiences, needs and ideas that could contribute very
well to the formulation of the plan.
A Sanggunian Resolution for the formation of the working committee/board is also

necessary to formalize and legalize the creation of the committee/board.
Capability building of the working committee/board is also necessary so that a

common understanding could be reached. Thereafter, the meetings and/or
brainstorming shall be conducted and moderated by a capable facilitator who can set
the agenda for planning. In most of the cases, the agenda should include:
• Views on the goals and objectives of each stakeholder

• Issues and problems encountered by each stakeholder in the implementation of
solid waste management
• The provisions of RA 9003
• Available data and or materials
• Plans for implementation of proper solid waste management from the point of
view of the stakeholders
The next step is to assess all gathered data taking into consideration of the present
service level and/or system of solid waste management in the city/municipality for
the information including the status of waste generation, waste volume, storage,
collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of municipal solid waste. The
assessment when completed offers a comprehensive picture or the images for how
to solve the problems on the waste management system of the city/municipality. It
will then become the basis for development of the solid waste management plan.
This Chapter shall discuss how the working committee or the board was created.
The discussion should also include the processes on how they were able to gather
data, how they identified issues/problems, logistics and how they plan to find
solutions to the identified problems.
This Chapter serves as a framework for understanding the problems first and looking
for solutions, second. This is important because many of the failures in waste
management are related to an inadequate analysis of the problem, which leads to
emergencies and poor, crisis-driven decision making.
-3-
Chapter 3 SITUATION ANALYSIS
This section discusses the current solid waste management practices of the
City/Municipality. This shall include the following sub-topics:
3.1 Location
The city/municipality’s location shall be discussed, if possible its longitudinal and

latitudinal points, the areas bounding its location including its land area. The names
of all the barangays must also be
included indicating whether it is urban or Figure 3.1
rural and the barrangays in collection
service.
A map must be included the locations of

barangays, as well as residential,
commercial, industrial centers, and
agricultural areas as well as dump sites,
landfills and other solid waste facilities.
The map shall indicate as well, the
proposed sites for disposal and other
solid waste facilities. Maps are important
because they can be an effective
instrument to use in assessment. Maps
can triangulate official information,
assess routing and collection efficiency,
can help in the time and motion
assessment, density of population,
zoning classification and many more.
An example of a map is shown as Figure 3.1
3.2 History
The historical background of the city/municipality: how and when it was created, the
law governing its creation and its present classification, e.g 1st, 2nd, or highly
urbanized.
3.3 Population
The population of the city/municipality must be shown indicating also the population
of each barangay within the city or municipality and the population projection for a
10-year period. The growth rate must also be specified. Basically what must be
included in this topic are:
-4-
• Current population of the city/municipality indicating also the current population of

each barangay and identifying also the rural and urban areas and the barrangays
in collection service.
• The 10-yr projection of population down to the barangay level as required.
3.4 Economic Profile/Land Use
The economic profile must be Figure 3.2

discussed including list of
industries within the
city/municipality. The
economic condition of the
area is important because
this would later on influence
the LGU’s choice of system
for collection, transportation,
storage, technology, etc.
The land use map is also
necessary, in particular
showing the urban and rural
land use classification.
An example of a land use

map is shown as Figure 2:
The major transportation
routes and traffic conditions
must also be discussed
because this will affect the
collection system and routes
.
3.5 Physical Characteristics
The plan shall indicate the following background information on the city or
municipality and its component barangays, covering important highlights of distinct
geographic characteristics and other conditions particularly geology, hydrology, soil,
and climate of the area or region.
3.6 Institutional Arrangements
List of existing agencies of the city/municipal administration that handle SWM and
its services, and the roles and responsibilities of the agencies. It should include all
aspects of SWM such as: collection, recycling, disposal, IEC, accounting,
implementation and enforcement of regulations.
-5-
3.7 Inventory of Equipment and Staff
The inventory of equipment particularly the collection vehicles and landfill equipment
are necessary because this could measure collection and landfill operation
efficiency. Appropriate numbers of good working vehicles can perform the sufficient
collection services and disposal of waste each day.
Therefore, the data included are:
• List of existing equipment, its capacity and present conditions, maker, model,
year of procurement, repair shop, and others,
• The number of personnel and their positions/designation must also be stated to
assess whether there are enough manpower to implement the SWM activities
effectively; and
• The trainings available for the SWM staff must also be stated.
.
3.8 Waste Reduction at Sources
The waste reduction component shall include the LGUs current programs and
implementation schedule which shows the methods by which the LGU, in
combination with the recycling and composting components, reduce a sufficient
amount of solid waste disposed of in accordance with the diversion requirements of
Section 20 of the Act, RA9003.
The component of waste reduction at sources shall include waste reduction
strategies, programs and economic incentives provided under Section 45 of the Act
to reduce and use of non-recyclable materials, replace disposable materials and
products with reusable materials and products, reduce packaging, and increase the
efficiency of the use of paper, cardboard, glass, metal, and other materials. The
waste reduction activities of the community shall also take into account, among
others, local capability, economic viability, technical requirements, social concerns,
disposition of residual waste and environmental impact.
3.9 Recycling
The recycling component shall include a program and implementation schedule

which shows the methods by which the LGU shall reduce a sufficient amount of solid
waste disposed of in accordance with the diversion requirements set in Section 20.
The LGU recycling component shall describe the following:
(1) The types and amount of materials recycled under the program;
(2) Segregation and recovery of different types of recyclable waste for re-use,
recycling and composting;
(3) Location of MRFs in operation, description of the major activities of the

MRFs, recovered recyclable waste amount per month or year, number of
staff of each MRF, etc.
-6-
(4) The methods for determining the categories of solid wastes to be diverted
from disposal through recycling;
(5) Education and/or public campaign conducted for promotion of the

recycling activities; and
The strategy for collecting, treatment, marketing and selling the designated
recyclable materials shall take into account the waste generators and the recycling
industries. Such strategy may be based upon the results of the waste composition
analysis performed pursuant to this Section or information obtained in the course of
past collection of solid waste by the local government unit, and may include
recommendations with respect to increasing the amount of recyclable materials
designated for recycling pursuant to the Act.
The LGU recycling plan shall include industrial, commercial, residential, agricultural,
governmental, buy-back recycling programs, automated materials recovery facilities,
zoning, building code changes and pricing of recyclable materials which encourage
recycling of materials. The Solid Waste Management Plan shall indicate the specific
measures or action plans to realize the targeted waste diversion ratio.
3.10 Composting
The composting component shall be included in the 10-Year SWM Plan in

combination with the segregation of food waste/ biodegradable wastes at the waste
generation sources to comply with the diversion requirements of the Act in
combination with the recycling plan to recover valuable wastes.
The LGU composting components shall describe the following:
(1) The kinds of materials that are composted under the program;
(2) The methods or processes for composting for home composting,

community level composting and/or central composting; and
(3) Capacity of new facilities, and expansion of existing facilities for

composting.
3.11 Collection
The practical waste collection activity shall take into account the geographic
conditions to determine the coverage of the solid waste collection area in every
barangay. The barangay shall be responsible to provide sufficient waste collection
services from residential, commercial, industrial and agricultural sources as required,
where necessary within the barangay.
Waste collection is one of the most expensive and visible elements in waste
management activities. Thus, in order to assess the efficiency of collection, the
matters described here shall be the coverage of the solid waste collection area in
-7-
every barangay, the manner of collection (door to door, curbside, collection points,
etc), collection route, and collection schedule/frequency. It should also take into
account the following information:
(1) Availability or provision of properly designed containers or receptacles in

collection points for the temporary storage of solid waste while awaiting
collection and transfer to processing sites or to final disposal sites;
(2) Hauling and/or transfer of solid waste from sources or collection points to
processing sites or final disposal sites;
(3) Status of Issuance and enforcement of ordinances to implement a

collection system effectively in the barangay; and
(4) Availability of provision of properly trained officers and workers to handle

solid waste collection.
The discussion shall define and specify the methods and systems for the
transportation of solid waste from the specific collection points to solid waste
treatment/disposal facilities. It must also include whether the collection service is
being conducted by administration or by private collectors/haulers and whether
segregated collection is being implemented and the schedule of collection.
If the collection is being provided by private haulers, a list of the collectors/haulers

and their service area, numbers of vehicles in service, collection/transportation
capacity, etc. in the contract must be indicated.
Following is an example of description for the collection system employed by

Quezon City where collection is carried out by the cell.
The City is implementing a Macro and Micro Cell-Based Collection System,

wherein the waste generation of an area or a cell is equivalent to one
truckload of garbage or 16 cubic meters of wastes. This system of collection
was established for the following purposes:
To know the required number of vehicles needed to collect the daily waste
generation of Quezon City.
For proper coding of the service area.
For proper scheduling of waste collection.
The Cell-Based Collection System is also being used as basis for the
Package Clean-Up Contract with the waste haulers/contractors. Under this
type of Contract, the contractor is given full responsibility to manage,
administer and directly carry out collection, cleaning and disposal of solid
waste from various sources.
-8-
In terms of collection schedule, Quezon City has three (3) service schedules:
Main Thoroughfares - collection of garbage is done daily from 4:00 AM to

7:00 AM, with mopping-up operations not later than 9:00 A.M. and 2:00 P.M.
Mopping or follow-up collections are undertaken to collect late and untimely
disposals. The main thoroughfare areas are of mixed sectors, composed
mostly of commercial establishments, some industries and residential houses.
Stationary collection – route for public markets and hospitals (domestic

wastes only). Collection is done on a daily basis. For government-owned
institutions, collection of waste depends on waste volume. Collection is done
on a daily, twice or thrice weekly basis.
Barangay (residential) collection - scheduled twice-a-week: Mondays &

Thursdays, Tuesdays and Fridays, and Wednesdays & Saturdays. The
Barangay areas are composed mostly of residential houses mixed with some
other sectors like commercial and industrial, etc.
3.12 Transfer Station
Waste transfer station if utilized for transportation of waste to the final disposal site,
the facilities shall be described for the location, capacity, types of waste
unloading/loading waste, recovery of recyclable materials if any, supporting
facilities/equipment and the operation system/staff.
3.13 Intermediate Tratment Facilities
The existing intermediate facilities shall be described through the inventory survey
for the facilities including composting facilities, other intermediate treatment facilities
being used to process or convert solid waste for stabilization and reduction of
volume. The location, capacity, types of waste/materials accepted and sources of
waste/materials must be described.
3.14 Final Disposal
Status of the existing final disposal facilities shall be described through the result of
inventory survey in addition to the method of waste disposal including the strategies
employed for the efficient and effective waste disposal operation to mitigate adverse
impact on occupational disease and the environment and to extend the life span
shall also be stated. Open dump sites shall not be allowed as final disposal sites.
The open dump site exist within the city or the municipality shall be closed
immediately or renovated to the sanitary landfill. Kind of waste accepted, disposal
amount, amount of earth cover, landfill operation hour, list of landfill equipment,
position/number of operation staff, etc. shall be stated clearly.
-9-
3.15 Special/Hazardous Wastes
The existing methods/facilities of handling/collection, treatment, disposal/storage of

domestic special/hazardous waste shall be stated properly by the kinds of
special/hazardous wastes. The private sector if contracted for handling/disposal of
domestic special/hazardous waste, the name of the company, the method of
handling/disposal and quantity of domestic special/hazardous wastes by the kinds
shall be stated clearly.
3.16 Recyclable Waste of Market Waste and Junk Shop
The waste amount records of market waste, especially, fresh food market waste
shall be recorded and described separately for the portion of biodegradable waste,
other recyclable waste and residual waste.
Recovered/handling waste by the junkshops shall be described through the
information/data of junk shop survey for each recovered material including, plastics,
paper, metals, glass, etc. The recovered material at the junk shops shall be clearly
identified for the handling amount by each primary/middle junkshop and state
exactly the amount of recovered material within the administration area of the LGU.
The list of all the junk shops for their location and the types and quantities of
recovered materials handled shall be stated in addition to the list of recyclers or the
industries in the LGU that use the recovered material for recycling and/or reuse.
.The flowing table shows the standard form for the questionnaire survey of junk
shop.
Table 3.1 Standard Form and Result of Junk Shop Survey(Example of ABCDEFG City)
-XQN6 KRS6XUYH\([DP SOH)RUP
1 DP HRI-XQN6 KR $ $ $ $ $ $ $$ $ $ $ $ $ $$ $ $ $ $
% X\LQJNJP RQWK 6HOOLQJNJP RQWK
)URP )URP 2 WKHU )URP -XQN XQLW & RQYHUVLRQ % X\LQJ % X\LQJ 7RWDORI 7 R-XQN 7RGHDOHUV 7RWDORI
+ RXVKROGV -XQN6 KRSV 6 KRSVLQ 5 DWLRWRNJ $P RXQWLQ $ P RXQW % X\LQJ 6 KRSVLQ LQ2 WKHU 6HOOLQJ
,WHP DQG: DVWH 2 WKHU 6DJD\FLW\ IURP -XQN $ P RXQW 6 DJD\ 0 XQLFLSDOLW\ $ P RXQW
3LFNHUV 0 XQLFLSDOLW\ 6KRSVLQ NJ NJ
2 WKHU
0 XQLFLSDOLW\
3 ODVWLFV NJ
3 (7% RWWOHV NJ
& DUWRQ NJ
* ODVV% RWWOHV SFV
$ OXP LQLXP & DQ NJ
3 DSHUV NJ
0 HWDOV NJ
$ OXP LQLXP NJ
& DU% DWWHU\ SFV
% URQ]H NJ
6 FUDS,URQ NJ
* DOYDQL]HGLURQ NJ
7LQFDQ NJ
7RWDO
- 10 -
Junk Shop ձ 200

AAAAAAAA ղ 3,825
Recyclable Materials from

Junk Shop ճ 8,750 Other Municipality
BBBBBBBB մ 0
15,700
Junk Shop յ 460
CCCCCCCC ն 295
Households / Junk Shop շ 13,755 Junk Shop 23,165 Dealers in Other

Waste Pickers DDDDDDD ո 0 EEEEEEEEE 69,680 Municipality
E
տ 30,815
Junk Shop չ 0
FFFFFFFF պ 955
Junk Shop
ջ 0
GGGGGGGG
ռ 1,855
Junk Shop ս 0
HHHHHHH վ 1,075
Recovered from ABCDEFG City and Sold to the Dealers in ABCDEFG City 53,980 kg
Recovered from ABCDEFG City and Sold to the Dealers in Other Municipality 8,005 kg
Recovered from Other Municipalities and Sold to the Dealers in ABCDEFG City 15,700 kg
Recovered Recyclable Materials Handled in ABCDEFG City and Sold to the Dealers in Other Mun 69,680 kg
Total Amount of Recyclable Materials Recovered in ABCDEFG City (Per Month) 61,985 kg
(= ձ+ղ+ ճ+մ +յ+ ն+շ +ո+չ +պ+ ջ+ռ +ս+ վ+տ)
Figure 3.3 Recyclable Material Recovery Stream by the Junk Shops (Example of ABCDEFG City)
3.17 Information and Education Campaign (IEC)
The information and education activities shall be described how the LGU educates,
informs, promote awareness for waste reduction at sources, recovering resource
materials, reuse, recycling, and composting activities. It shall also describe whether
information on waste collection services, solid waste management, public sanitation
& health and the environmental concerns are widely disseminated among the public.
A list of IEC activities must be included, its target audience, and effectiveness.
3.18 Revenue and Cost
The annual revenue and cost shall be stated separately from the activities other than
solid waste management. The revenue from the annual budget, waste charge, loan
- 11 -
and other income sources shall be stated clearly with the breakdown. The cost of
SWM activities shall be also stated with the breakdown cost for personnel, projects,
procurement, fuel, repair, etc, for operation & maintenance of the facilities and
equipment. It also required to indicate the funds and cost of the specific projects,
activities, equipment and technological requirements for which outside sourcing of
funds or materials was used to carry out the specific components. In summary, the
statement of revenue and cost under this section shall indicate the following:
• Revenue from annual budget, loan, waste charge, license fee, and other
income sources for SWM in the last 5 years; .
• Expenditures Including capital investment, operation & maintenance,
procurement, and administration for SWM in the last 5years; .
An example of a budget statement for a highly urbanized/ 1st Class City is:
Annual Budget Allocated for

Calendar Year 2005: P 828,934,342.00
Personal Services Expenses: P 5,818,614.00
Of the total amount allocated under this item, only about 5% was spent because
only 28 positions were filled-up. The remaining personnel were hired under Contract of
Service.
Maintenance and other operating expenses: P 821,329,400.00
P 600,000,000.00 was allocated for Garbage Hauling Services. The expenses for
garbage hauling was computed at P 50,000,000.00 per month for 12 months for the 5
collection districts (District I, District II-A, District II-B, District III and District IV). The
amount was based on the price ceilings under the TOR set by the City Government for
bidding purposes. However, the actual expenses in a month’s time were lower than the
ceiling price due to the imposition of fines and penalties on the Contractors for various
shortcomings and deficiencies. The penalties accrue as “savings” for the City and were
used for Special Operations.
P 193,200,000.00 was allocated for the improvements that were undertaken at the
Payatas Controlled Dump Facility.
P 10,464,000.00 was allocated for the salaries of the 155 Contractual Personnel in the
Department.
P 5,050,000.00 was allocated for massive IEC-related programs (signboards, flyers,

contest in schools and barangays, conduct of special events, rentals, seminars on
SWM and Anti-Pollution, etc.).
P 5,000,000.00 was allocated for the Incentive Package Program given to barangays
for the savings accrued through waste diversion.
P 3,850,400.00 was allocated for the annual implementation of the Sagip Batis sa QC
Project or the Riverways Management Program.
- 12 -
P 3,565,000.00 for Advertisements on SWM.
P 200,000.00 was allocated for office equipment and repairs and maintenance of motor
vehicles.
Capital Outlay: P 1,786,328.00
P 1,386,328.00 was allocated for Other Structures – Massive Information Campaign

(house to house IEC – Billboards and Flyers).
P 400,000.00 was allocated for miscellaneous expenses.
An average of P400,000.00 a year is earned from penalties paid by Environment

Violators. The revenue earned from violators is low because Violators are given the
option to render community service rather than pay the fine.
The City has never collected hauling service fees from residential areas. With the
approval of the New Revenue Code, however, fees for the collection of bulky wastes
was imposed, thereby, generating a total revenue of Php156,412.50 from February to
October 2005.
3.19 Definition of Problems and Key Issues
What shall be identified here are the major problems being encountered by the
city/municipality for implementation of solid waste management i.e. mixed waste
collection, unavailability of disposal facility, disposal area for special/hazardous
wastes and define clearly the encountering issues for solving the current problems in
addition to the probable issues towards upgrading the current SWM activities and/or
implementing the new projects/plans and programs.
3.20 Waste Characteristics
Characteristic of municipal solid waste shall be stated under this section through the
result of Waste Amount and Composition Survey (WACS) for domestic waste,
commercial wastes, street waste for the samples at the waste generation sources,
mixed disposal waste (residual waste), commercial wastes, market waste, street
waste, etc. The survey shall be conducted for the representative waste samples of
the solid waste generated and disposed of and may be carried out for the composite
samples for each type of waste generation sources. Finally, the result/analysis of
WACS will be used for the basic data for the coming formulation of waste collection,
3R, intermediate treatment and waste disposal plans for the 10-year SWM Plan.
Following tables show the examples for waste amount and composition survey
forms and the results.
- 13 -
Table 3.2 Waste Categories and Kind of Waste for Waste Composition Survey
Waste Category Kind of Waste included under the Waste Category
- Paper Cardboard, newspaper, magazine, office paper/high grade, mixed paper
- Plastics PET, HDPE, LDPE/ film plastic, other composite
- Kitchen Wastes Food wastes, fruits and vegetable peelings
- Yard Wastes / Wood Grass & leaves, trimmings, wood
- Textiles Textile
- Rubber and Leather Rubber and leather
- Yard Wastes / Wood Grass & leaves, trimmings, wood
- Textiles Textile
- Rubber and Leather Rubber and leather
- Other Organic Wastes Animal remains, other/composite
- Glass/Bottles Returnable bottles, other live bottles & containers, broken glass
- Metal Tin cans, aluminum cans, steel, aluminum, cupper, other metals
- Ceramic & Stone Ceramic/stone
I- Other iinorganic Dust, sand & soils and small items not elsewhere classified
- Hazardous Wastes Oil/oil filters, small batteries, paints, others
Waste sample for WACS shall be identified by weight, percentage in weight or its
volumetric equivalent, waste type, and source of generation which includes
residential, commercial, industrial, governmental, or other sources for the WACS
conducted for waste generation sources. The WACS for disposal waste can
conducted only for the mixed waste or composite waste unloaded form the collection
vehicles. Those waste samples shall be recorded together with the information of
collection area of the vehicle taking the waste sample. Followings are the key notes
reiterated for WACS.
• Quantity of waste disposed, by sector (e.g., low-income residential, middle-

income residential, high-income residential, commercial, institutional,
industrial, markets) (in kg/day).
• Composition of waste disposed, by sector (in wt. %).
• Results of bulk density analysis (in kg/m3).
• Summary tables and figures showing the quantity and composition of
disposed waste by, by sector and the average waste quality representing the
municipal waste for the LGU.
The following tables are presented for the examples of WACS for waste generation
amount survey and the recording sheet of waste composition survey.
- 14 -
Table 3.3 Example: Form and Result of of Waste Amount Survey of Individual House
Sampling Category : Waste Amount of Individual House-Residential Upper Income Group Zone : 09
Name of Surveyor : Mr. ABABABABABA and Mr. ABCDFEGGG Date : 08-08-2009
Floor Area Monthly Cntributing Quantity of Waste (Kg.) Volume of Waste (m 3) Waste Generation
Sl. Name & Address of the
Expenditure Population Amount per Capita
No. Households (m 2) (Shs) (Nos.) Organic Inorganic Organic Inorganic per Day (g/day)
Total Total
(Blue) (Black ) (Blue) (Black)
1 Mr. A AAA
th 233 180,000 10 3.55 0.25 3.80 0.0170 0.0028 0.0198 380
House-3 (5 Floor-R/S), Rd-7
2 Mr. B BBBB
nd 466 200,000 9 3.85 0.65 4.50 0.0141 0.0071 0.0212 500
House-2 (2 Flo or 2 Unit) Rd-7
3 Mr. CCCCC
th 233 180,000 8 3.55 0.35 3.90 0.0085 0.0028 0.0113 488
House-2 (4 Floor-L/S ), Rd-8
4 Mr. DDDDDD
233 150,000 6 4.55 0.35 4.90 0.0113 0.0028 0.0141 817
House-3 (3rd Floor-L/S), Rd-8
5 Mr.EEEEEE
233 200,000 8 5.65 0.55 6.20 0.0212 0.0031 0.0243 775
House-5 (5th Floor-L/S), Rd-7
6 Mr. FFFFFFF
210 190,000 4 2.65 1.05 3.70 0.0142 0.0071 0.0213 925
House-1, Rd-7
7 Mr. GG GGGGGGGG
525 250,000 11 3.35 1.15 4.50 0.0141 0.0028 0.0169 409
House-1, Road-7
8 Mr. HHHHHHHHHH
House-8, Rd-7
670 500,000 40 12.85 1.85 14.70 0.0212 0.0283 0.0495 368
9 Mr. Jomsher
House-11, Rd-8
210 160,000 6 2.05 0.85 2.90 0.0051 0.0142 0.0193 483
10 Ms. XXXXXX
536 200,000 10 2.55 0.85 3.40 0.0071 0.0212 0.0283 340
House-11, Rd-7
11 Ms.JJJJJJJJJJJ
803 320,000 9 7.85 0.65 8.50 0.0212 0.0170 0.0382 944
House-1, Road-8
12 Mr.KKKKKKK K
469 150,000 4 3.65 1.25 4.90 0.0170 0.0283 0.0453 1225
House-1, Road-8
13 Ms. LLLLLLLLL
210 150,000 4 2.75 0.85 3.60 0.0057 0.0212 0.0269 900
House-5 (4 B), Rd-8
14 Mr. MMMMMMM
210 170,000 14 3.45 1.75 5.20 0.0142 0.0212 0.0354 371
House-6 (1A), Rd-8
15 Mr. NNNNNNNN
210 160,000 6 1.55 1.05 2.60 0.0057 0.0142 0.0199 433
House-4 (3A), Rd-8
Total/Average 5451 3,160,000 149 63.85 13.45 77.30 0.198 0.194 0.392 519
A verage Bulk Density (kg/m3) 197
Table 3.4 Example: Form and Result of Waste Composition Survey

Waste Composition Survey Record Sheets ( No. 4/10)
Name of Sampling Area : Abcde Village No. of Household : 30
Type of Waste : Residential-Middle Income
Survey Date : 12 June, 2009 Residential Population : 176
Weather : Fine Population per Household : 5.9
Name of Surveyor : Mr. Xyzxxyz
Container-1 Gross Weight- Container-2 Gross Weight- Container-3 Gross Weight- Total Net
Type of Waste
Weight (g) 1 (g) Weight (g) 2 (g) We ight (g) 3 (g) Weight (g)
Organic Waste
Food Waste 1,000 2,700 1,000 3,500 1,000 1,850 5,050
Paper Clean Recyclable Paper 50 4,300 50 2,300 6,500
Cardboard 50 3,700 50 700 4,300
Other paper 50 3,700 50 3,200 6,800
Paper (Total) 150 11,700 150 6,200 17,600
Plastics Sheet/Film 50 1,080 1,030
Plastic Bottle/Tube 300 1,240 300 1,040 300 240 1,620
PET Bottle 1300 2,200 900
Other Plastics 50 1,080 1,030
Plastic (Total) 1,700 5,600 300 1,040 300 240 4,580
Rubber & Leather 300 1,280 980
Textiles 50 1,240 1,190
Yard Waste 2,300 28,500 1300 1950 26,850
Wood 50 2,680 2,630
Other Org. Waste 2,540 4,080 1,540
Subtotal (Organic Wastes) 8,090 57,780 2,750 12,690 1,300 2,090 60,420
In-organic Waste
Glass Broken Glass 300 1,080 780
Glass Bottles 300 1,500 1,200
Glass (Total) 600 2,580 1,980
Tin Cans (Steel Cans) 1300 3,460 2,160
Aluminum cans 300 300
Cupper 60 60
Other Metals 300 1,320 1,020
Dirt, Ash, Stone, Sand 1,300 27,000 1,300 4,780 29,180
Subtotal (Inorganic Wastes) 3,500 34,720 1,300 4,780 34,700
Hazardous Waste (Batteries) 160 160
Other Hazardous Waste 50 50
Subtotal (Hazardous Waste) 0 210 0 0 210
Total Weight (kg) : 11,590 92,710 4,050 17,470 95,330
Waste Generation Rate (g/capita.day) 542
Total Waste Volume (lit.) 507
Waste Bulk Density (kg/lit.) 0.188
- 15 -
3.21 Legal/Institutional Setup
The status of existing institutional arrangements or the office mainly responsible for
the management of solid waste services shall be identified in order to name specific
parties responsible for undertaking the relevant aspects of the activities. Further, the
specific laws, ordinances/by-laws, rules and regulations related to the management
of solid waste shall also be stated.
3.21.1 Local Laws and Regulations
• Related laws and regulations and their relevant provisions.

• Permitting procedures of the LGU for solid waste facilities as well as when,
by whom, and how inspection and compliance procedures are being
conducted.
3.21.2 Roles
• Roles of the City SWM Board (CSWMB), the city, barangay, private entities
and institutions as generators, citizens, NGOs and recycling companies
shall be stated.
3.21.3 City/Municipal Solid Waste Management Board
• Sanguniang Panglungsod Ordinance No. for creating the CSWM Board.

• List of members of the CSWM Board.
• Description of activities to date and planned activities.
3.21.4 Barangay Solid Waste Management Committees
• List of BSWM Committees (BSWMC) formed to date and schedule of Board

meetings of all barangays
3.21.5 Stakeholders Participation
• Activities conducted and future plans to involve stakeholders in development

and implementation of plan.
• For LGUs which have considered solid waste management alternatives to

comply with Section 37 of the Act, but are unable to utilize such
alternatives, a timetable or schedule of compliance specifying the remedial
measures and eventual compliance shall be included in the plan.
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Chapter 4 ESTABLISHING THE PLANNING FRAMEWORK

Formulation of the Solid Waste Management Plan (SWM Plan) is one of the duties
and responsibilities of the City or Municipal Solid Waste Management Board as
stated in Section 12 of the Act. The SWM Plan shall ensure the long-term
management of solid waste as well as integration of the various solid waste
management plans and strategies of the LGU in the area of jurisdiction. The SWM
plan shall be formulated in accordance with the requirements under Section 16 and
Section 17, Chapter III, RA9003 and Section 2, Part III, IRR of RA9003. This
guidebook provides some practical means that explain the requirements and/or
augment the references helpful for the LGUs to formulate the 10-year SWM Plan.
Before proceed to formulate the 10-year SWM Plan, the situation analysis of SWM
carried out based on the several conditions described in III. SITUATION ANALYSIS
of this Guidebook shall be ensured in the point of appropriateness and correctness
especially for the problem analysis, current issues and financial capability.
Following sections presents the approaches, studies, analysis and/or the explanation
for how to formulate the 10-year SWM Plan by the LGUs.
4.1 Mission
A mission statement is not always required in the formulation of the plan, but this is
just a formal short written statement of the purpose of the LGU to direct the course to
formulate the SWM Plan. The Mission Statement will guide the actions of the
organization, spell out its overall goal, provide a sense of direction and guide
decision making.
For example:
“To implement a Solid Waste Management program that will institutionalize
the practice of environmental and sanitary waste management in the
municipality.”
Municipality of A, Province of XYZ
4.2 Vision
On this part of the plan, you have to provide a Vision Statement that can help your
LGU be focused, inspired and committed to implement ESWM. This can be further
explained by discussing the goals in achieving it. In simplest terms, the Vision is
what the LGU want to establish for the SWM, while the Goal is what/how the LGU
have to attain.
Here are some tips that can be followed to arrive at the Vision statements:
• Set limitations on what the vision statement addresses. It must be feasible,

realistic and transferable into future plans;
- 17 -
• Think of the future development of the LGU. Dream big but make the vision
realistic and achievable statement.
For example:
“The Municipality A envisions that “by year 2015, it will be a progressive
and peaceful community, sustainably managing its forests resources that are
equitably allocated and providing socio-economic and ecological benefits to
all stakeholders.”
The followings are some tips for setting the goals of SWM in connection with
formulation of the 10-year SWM Plan. The goal must be;
1. within the skills and capabilities. Knowing the strengths and weaknesses of
the LGU will help to set the goals that can accomplish.
2. realistic. Setting a goal to gradually implement the SWM Plan in the
Municipality within 3 years is realistic. Trying to fully implement the SWM Plan
in 6 months is not realistic.
3. flexible. Sometimes things will not go the way anticipated and it may need to
change the goals. Stay flexible so when realized a change is necessary it will
be ready to make the change.
4. measurable. It is important to be able to measure your progress toward a
goal. It is especially important to recognize when you have accomplished your
goal and need to go no further. Failure to measure your progress toward a
goal and recognize its accomplishment will result in effort that is misdirected
and wasted.
For example:
• To conserve and protect the environment through proper SWM

management and disposal;
• To ensure public health among constituents and protect them from
environmental hazards, pests and diseases;
• To improve efficient and effectiveness of the local government in
delivering SWM services; and
• To help provide employment opportunities for the community.
4.3 Target
In compliance with RA 9003 the LGUs should have diverted at least 25% of all solid
waste from disposal facilities through recycling, recovery, composting and other
resource recovery activities by year 2006 and should have implemented the increase
in its waste diversion goal by 2009. Hence, by year 2010 the LGU should have
diverted more than 25 % of the total waste generated from disposal facilities by
implementing said resource recovery activities.
- 18 -
The target of waste diversion should be determined as a result of the integrated

approach starting from estimation of waste generation amount, waste collection
amount, recovery amount of recyclable materials, waste amount for intermediate
treatment, and waste disposal amount which are targeted by these interrelated
action plans to be formulated for the next 10 years.
Generally, or most practically, the waste amount is estimated based on the

population and the waste generation/ discharge amount per capita per day. In order
to estimate the future population, the past population records for the minimum 10
years shall be collected and analyzed to determine the equation for predicting the
future population. The past population data can be plotted for a graph by a spread
sheet software. The tendency curve analysis is available by the spread sheet
software for series equation models such as exponential, linear, logarithmic, moving
arrange, etc. and select the most appropriate series equation for the LGU to estimate
the future population. The future population should include the following areas.
• Population of LGU within the administration area of the LGU
• Barangay population provided with waste collection service
• Actual waste collection population within the barangays provided with waste
collection
Waste amount also predicted for the said three areas accordingly.
Waste generation/discharge amount per capita per day shall be obtained through the
waste amount and composition survey conducted prior to or in the initial stage of
formulation of the SWM Plan. Moreover, the recovery amount of recyclable
materials shall be obtained basically through the result/analysis of the junk shop
survey, waste picker survey and composting activities. The current or initial waste
diversion ratio should be determined by the result of these surveys and increase the
waste diversion ratio to the value targeted by the annual implementation of the action
plans.
An example, the following Table, shows all the elements and the method of
computation of the target values of waste collection, waste recovery, waste
treatment, waste disposal, etc. and waste diversion ratio to comply with the
requirements of RA9003.
- 19 -
Table 4.1 Prediction of Waste Amount and Implementation Target Amoun
Table: Estimation of Waste Amount and Waste Diversion Ratio
Code
Year Current Unit
Urgent Short Term Long Term Equation/Remarks
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
A Total Population of LGU 142,113 Person 143,733 145,371 147,029 148,705 150,400 152,115 153,849 155,603 157,376 159,171 input
B Population of Barangays providing Collection Service 94,290 Person 104,087 105,274 106,474 107,688 125,112 126,539 127,981 129,440 130,916 132,408 input
C Collection Service Population (population in actual waste collection area) 45,048 Person 45,724 46,410 47,106 47,812 48,529 49,257 49,996 50,746 51,507 52,280 input
D Collection Service Population Ratio to All City Population 31.7% % 31.8% 31.9% 32.0% 32.2% 32.3% 32.4% 32.5% 32.6% 32.7% 32.8% C/A x 100
E Waste Generation Amount of LGU 49,715 kg/day 50,785 51,877 52,994 54,134 55,298 56,488 57,703 58,945 60,213 61,508 AxS
F Waste Generation Amount of Barangays providing Collection Service 34,340 kg/day 38,287 39,111 39,952 40,812 47,889 48,920 49,972 51,047 52,146 53,267 BxT
G Planned Waste Discharge Amount in Actual Waste Collection Area 21,240 kg/day 21,774 22,322 22,883 23,459 24,049 24,654 25,274 25,909 26,561 27,229 SUM(I : P)
H Collected Waste 15,990 kg/day 16,392 16,805 17,227 17,660 18,105 18,560 19,027 19,505 19,996 20,499 SUM(I : L)
I Residential Waste 9,560 kg/day 9,801 10,047 10,300 10,559 10,824 11,097 11,376 11,662 11,955 12,256 CxQ
J Commercial / Institution 4,880 kg/day 5,003 5,129 5,258 5,390 5,525 5,664 5,807 5,953 6,102 6,256
K Market Waste 1,450 kg/day 1,486 1,524 1,562 1,601 1,642 1,683 1,725 1,769 1,813 1,859
L Street Waste 100 kg/day 103 105 108 110 113 116 119 122 125 128
Waste Amount x Increase 1% per annum
M Sold to Junkshops 3,950 kg/day 4,049 4,151 4,256 4,363 4,472 4,585 4,700 4,818 4,940 5,064 x Pop2009 / Pop2008
No Sold/Provided to Waste Collectors such as Food Waste for Feed 40 kg/day 41 42 43 44 45 46 48 49 50 51
O Composted in Barangays 1,200 kg/day 1,230 1,261 1,293 1,325 1,359 1,393 1,428 1,464 1,501 1,538
P Recycled & Reused in Barangay 60 kg/day 62 63 65 66 68 70 71 73 75 77
Q Domestic Waste Discharge Rate in Waste Collection Service Area (from WACS) 0.212 kg/c./day 0.214 0.216 0.219 0.221 0.223 0.225 0.228 0.230 0.232 0.234 1% per annum
R Waste Discharge Rate in Waste Collection Service Area (from WACS) 0.471 kg/c./day 0.476 0.481 0.486 0.491 0.496 0.501 0.506 0.511 0.516 0.521 1% per annum
S Waste Generation Rate in LGU (from WACS) 0.350 kg/c./day 0.353 0.357 0.360 0.364 0.368 0.371 0.375 0.379 0.383 0.386 1% per annum
T Waste Generation Rate in Brgys. providing Collection Service (from WACS) 0.364 kg/c./day 0.368 0.372 0.375 0.379 0.383 0.387 0.390 0.394 0.398 0.402 1% per annum
U Collected Waste Ratio to the Total Waste Generation Amount of LGU 42.7% 42.9% 43.0% 43.2% 43.3% 43.5% 43.6% 43.8% 44.0% 44.1% 44.3%
WACS WACS+Junk WACS+Junk WACS Waste
Computation of Recyclable Waste Amount Composition Shop Amount Shop Amount
V Plastic 7.85% 2,105 9.91% 1,255 kg/day 2,158 2,213 2,268 2,325 2,384 2,444 2,505 2,568 2,633 2,699 G x V(Comp Ratio-Total)
W Metals 2.54% 1,906 8.97% 406 kg/day 1,954 2,003 2,054 2,105 2,158 2,212 2,268 2,325 2,384 2,444 G x W(Comp Ratio-Total)
X Paper 14.25% 3,129 14.73% 2,279 kg/day 3,207 3,288 3,371 3,455 3,542 3,631 3,723 3,816 3,912 4,011 G x X(Comp Ratio-Total)
Y Glass 2.40% 1,134 5.34% 384 kg/day 1,162 1,192 1,222 1,252 1,284 1,316 1,349 1,383 1,418 1,453 G x Y(Comp Ratio-Total)
Z Food 25.28% 4,642 21.86% 4,042 kg/day 4,759 4,879 5,001 5,127 5,256 5,388 5,524 5,663 5,805 5,951 G x Z(Comp Ratio-Total)
AA Yard 25.00% 4,698 22.12% 3,998 kg/day 4,816 4,937 5,061 5,188 5,319 5,452 5,590 5,730 5,874 6,022 G x AA(Comp Ratio-Total)
AB Others (Residuals) 22.68% 3,627 17.07% 3,627 kg/day 3,718 3,811 3,907 4,005 4,106 4,209 4,315 4,424 4,535 4,649 G x AB(Comp Ratio-Total)
AC Subtotal 100.00% 21,240 100.00% 15,990 21,774 22,322 22,883 23,459 24,049 24,654 25,274 25,909 26,561 27,229 Sum(V : AV)
Current
AD Planned Segregation Ratio Recovery Ratio
AE Plastic 40.38% % 40% 40% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% Plannd Recovery Ratio
AF Metals 78.69% % 80% 80% 80% 80% 80% 85% 85% 85% 85% 85% Plannd Recovery Ratio
AG Paper 27.17% % 28% 28% 30% 30% 30% 35% 35% 35% 40% 40% Plannd Recovery Ratio
AH Glass 66.15% % 70% 70% 80% 80% 80% 85% 85% 85% 85% 85% Plannd Recovery Ratio
AI Food 12.92% % 13% 20% 35% 35% 35% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% Plannd Recovery Ratio
AJ Yard 14.90% % 15% 20% 35% 35% 35% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% Plannd Recovery Ratio
AK Others Plannd Recovery Ratio
Junk Shop
Planned Segregated Waste Amount Survey Amount
AL Plastic 850 kg/day 863 885 1,134 1,163 1,192 1,222 1,253 1,284 1,316 1,349 V x AE
AM Metals 1,500 kg/day 1,563 1,603 1,643 1,684 1,727 1,881 1,928 1,976 2,026 2,077 W x AF
AN Paper 850 kg/day 898 921 1,011 1,037 1,063 1,271 1,303 1,336 1,565 1,604 X x AG
AO Glass 750 kg/day 814 834 977 1,002 1,027 1,119 1,147 1,176 1,205 1,235 Y x AH
AP Food 600 kg/day 619 976 1,750 1,795 1,840 2,694 2,762 2,831 2,903 2,976 Z x AI
AQ Yard 700 kg/day 722 987 1,771 1,816 1,862 2,726 2,795 2,865 2,937 3,011 AA x AJ
AR Others 0 kg/day AB x AK
AS Planned Total Recycle Waste 5,250 kg/day 5,479 6,206 8,286 8,497 8,711 10,913 11,188 11,468 11,952 12,252 Sum(AL : AR)
AT Planned Collected Waste 15,990 kg/day 17,017 17,103 18,118 18,573 19,040 19,161 19,643 20,137 20,449 20,964 G-AS + AP+ AQ
AU Planned Recovered Waste by Waste Pickers at Landfill Site 500 kg/day 500 Max. 3 % x AT
AV Planned Waste Disposal Amount 15,490 kg/day 15,795 16,116 14,597 14,962 15,338 13,741 14,086 14,441 14,609 14,977 AT-AU-AP-AQ
AW Waste Diversion Ratio (WDR) to Potential Waste Generation Amount of LGU 11.6% 11.8% 12.0% 15.6% 15.7% 15.8% 19.3% 19.4% 19.5% 19.8% 19.9% (AS+AU)/E
AX WDR to Potential Waste Generation Amount of the Barangays providing Collection Servic 16.7% 15.6% 15.9% 20.7% 20.8% 18.2% 22.3% 22.4% 22.5% 22.9% 23.0% (AS+AU)/F
AY WDR to Actual Waste Collection Service Area 27.1% % 27.5% 27.8% 36.2% 36.2% 36.2% 44.3% 44.3% 44.3% 45.0% 45.0% (AS+AU)/G
- 20 -
Administration Area of LGU

Out of Waste Collection Service Area: Barangays NOT providing Waste Collection Services
Generation WGR Population Waste

Source Generation
Amount
kg/day/cap. (t/d)
Domestic 0.296 47,823 14.16 Uncollected DW Self-disposal Self-disposal
34% Feed for (Swines, Dogs, etc.)
Others 1.22 Compost (Naturally by piled waste)
15.38
A part is recovered by Junk Shops
Collection Service Area within the Barangays providing Waste Collection Services Landfill, Burning
Whole Area Puroks in Waste Collection Barangays NOT providing Waste Collection Service 15.38
Population Waste
Generation
Amount
49,242 14.58 Uncollected DW 14.58
34% 33.73
Actual Collection Service Area
Puroks in Waste Collection Area provided with Waste Collection Service
Result of Waste Generation Survey 2007 Estimated Waste Generation Amount in Collection Area 3.77 Uncollected DW 3.77
0.084
Waste Generation WGR Populatio Waste Generation WGR Population Waste Population Collected
Sources n Generation Sources Generation Waste
Amount Amount Amount
kg/day/cap. (t/d) kg/day/cap. (t/d) (t/d) WDR to; Waste Amount WDR
(t/d) (%)
Domestic 0.296 142,113 42.07 Domestic 0.296 94,290 27.91 45,048 9.56 Recoverd Amount LGU Admin. Area 49.72 11.6%
Restaurant 100% Restaurant 66% 32% 0.212
Commercial 4.90 Commercial 4.38 By Collectors 0.04 Total Area of Brgys. 34.34 16.7%
providing Collection Service
Govt. Offices 0.60 Govt. Offices 0.50 6.43 6.43 By Junk Shops 3.95
School School Composting 1.20 5.25 Actual Collection Service Area 21.45 26.8%
Street 0.20 Street 0.10 Collected Amount Recycle 0.06 0.476
At disposal site 0.5
Market 1.95 Market 6.4300 1.45
Total 49.72 34.34 16.20 5.75 15.70 Disposed Amount

Unit W.G.Rate 0.350 0.364 0.360
34.55 55.18
Figure 4.1 Waste Stream and Method of Computation of Waste Diversion Ratio
- 21 -
4.4 Strategies
Formulation of the SWM Plan and the implementation thereafter shall be conducted
with strategies to be worked out but not limited to the following items:
• The strategies to materialize and attain the waste diversion targets (detail will
be provided in the succeeding sections). **
• The strategies to coordinate with the barangays to implement 3 R activities
through waste segregation at sources, separate collection, MRFs and
composting facilities.**
• The strategies to improve/expand waste collection.**
• The strategies for development and maintenance of SLF for waste disposal
• The strategies to improve and strengthen institutional setup and capacity
development
• The strategies to improve and strengthen the financial conditions for
sustainable operation of the SWM activities,
• The strategies for participation of the public to SWM activities,
• The strategies for environmental conservation and social consideration
Below is an example of brief information on the strategies done by a LGU.
Waste Reduction at Source
An effective Ecological Solid Waste Management Program must necessarily begin at

the source. Thus, this first strategy refers to activities undertaken by households institutions,
and establishments to manage prior to collection in order to minimize the overall volume of
waste and increase the effectiveness of other management efforts “downstream”.
There are three main components of this stratagem – reduction at source,

segregation at source, and diversion. Through IEC and public education, households,
institutions, establishments, and other producers of waste will be encouraged to reduce the
amount of waste they produce, to properly segregate their wastes according to classification
so as to streamline collection and diversion processes, and to divert wastes that can be
removed from the waste stream at the household level.
Division of Collection Responsibilities
A division of collection responsibilities will be essential to the Ecological Solid Waste

Management. These responsibilities will be delineated through policy and IEC for each of the
levels within the program – household, barangay, and municipal. This will ensure that waste
is handled with the utmost efficiency and that no opportunity is missed for reducing the
volume of the waste stream or for diverting waste.
- 22 -
Diversion
Diversion of potentially reusable and recyclable material from waste stream is a top priority
of this Ecological Solid Waste Management Plan. The most important aspect of the diversion
strategy will be mandatory composting at multiple levels. Because biodegradable waste
constitutes such a large percentage of the total waste stream, this category of waste should
be the focus of special and intensive efforts to minimize volume and capitalize on potential
value of this material.
With this in mind, a new ordinance will be drafted to the effect that each household
institution, or establishment will implement its own composting program. Household compost
pits or other mechanism will be used to divert biodegradable waste and preempt the
necessity of collecting this waste. Mechanisms will beestablished to assist households in
profiting from their composting activities by selling their final product to gardeners or farmers.
Hands on training on composting for household members including farmers shall be
conducted regularly
At its MRF, each barangay will be encouraged to establish a composting area to handle
overflow of biodegradable wastes from households and other sources, especially in the
central urban barangays where space for composting facilities is an issue. For its part, the
municipal government will establish an Eco-center, which will include an area dedicated to
composting waste originating from the public market. In addition, the LGU will also set up a
static composting area to serve as a model for barangays and households.
Appropriate Final Disposal
Under this plan, final disposal of waste will be managed according to the
classification of waste, so as to maximize the efficiency of the program. The most salient
aspect of the final disposal strategy will be the establishment if a new sanitary landfill as the
disposal site for the residual and special waste generated in the municipality.
Within the six-hectare of the Municipal Eco-Park, one (1) will be allocated for a four
chambers of the SLF including a Septic Vault, Leachate Pond, Monitoring wells, Filtering
Chambers and a Static Composting area. A guard house and an administrative building will
be established also. The rest of the area will be used for Agro-Forestry Project. Forest and
Fruit bearing trees will be planted to cash crops under them.
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Chapter 5 Planning the Sustainable SWM System

The purpose of this Chapter is to identify and study the practical options and
alternative solutions to formulate the SWM Plan.
Possible activities include: the collection of data and information to supplement the
findings on current situation, discussions and consent on the range of options that
will be considered practical and fully evaluate and finally select the preferable options
to formulate the SWM Plan. The local government unit has to identify and
systematically assess the range of institutional, technical, financial and promotional
options available. Further, the LGU has to revisit these processes to cope with the
development within the LGU.
Figure 5.1 Cycle in SWM Planning
- 24 -
Table 5.1 Options Required for Preparation of SWM Plan
Institutional Options Waste Collection and Recycling Options

Institutional Framework Improving service performance
Improving Organization and Management Extending service coverage
Involving the Private Sector Supporting recycling
Collecting special wastes
Waste Treatment and Disposal Options Cost Recovery and Financial Management
Waste Treatment and Disposal technologies Improving financial planning
Improving existing sites Assessing affordability and willingness to pay
Future sites Investment needs
Strategic, technical, and environmental aspects Improving cist recovery
Improving accounting
Public Awareness and Participation

Promoting public awareness
Encouraging community participation
Source: WB: Planning Guide for MSWM,2003
5.1 Concepts to Formulate the 10-Year SWM Plan
In the solid waste management hierarchy, waste generation amount reduction at

sources is of the prime priority. Effective waste reduction programs will influence in
the recycling and disposal programs of the LGU.
In the preparation of the 10-Year SWM Plan, the plans, projects and programs shall
be formulated for waste reduction at sources including the action plans and the
implementation schedule. Specify the implementing sectors to be targeted with a
given timeframe under the action plan of each activity. Given the results of the
WACS, the targeted recyclable materials shall be determined and addressed the
methods for recovery, collection, treatment and eventual waste diversion from
disposal.
Example:
“Segregation of wastes into biodegradable, recyclable, residual and special wastes will be
strictly enforced. This will be supported by ESWM Ordinance and ensuring that enforcement
system is in place. Education activities as well as incentives not only to enforcers but also to
waste sources will be adopted to increase compliance among waste generators.
Reduction at source will be mandatory. Backyard composting will be required among

households. Establishment and operation of on-site MRFs, with composting facilities and
storage for recyclable wastes, will be mandated to schools, agricultural and coastal
industries, and resorts. This will be a prerequisite to issuance of business permits. Point
source models will be developed to serve as learning sites for SWM stakeholders.
- 25 -
Participation of the barangays, BSWMCs, officials and SWM Coordinators will be sought.
They will be capacitated in providing technical assistance to waste generators.”
5.2 Waste Collection
Collection of segregated recyclable and compostable materials is the responsibility of

the barangay. Collection of mixed solid waste and residuals is the responsibility of
the LGU. The SWM plan should describe how the LGU will coordinate collection
activities with the barangay.
5.2.1 Overview
Formulate the waste collection plan based on the projected quantities of residual
waste. The waste collection plan shall include the waste collection for each type of
waste and the types of collection vehicles, collection frequency, collection points, and
types of containers. Furthermore, there should also be planned the sector(s)
involved in the collection of solid wastes.
5.2.2 Collection vehicle, equipment and area/routes
Procurement of collection vehicles shall be planned for each type of waste/generator

tnd service area in addition to the particular requirements for collection equipment
such as containers and/or temporary deposit if any. The vehicle list prepared with a
matrix or table with the current number of vehicles (compactors and/or dump trucks)
shall be indicated. Procurement plan shall be formulated based on the projection of
additional vehicles to be purchased by year type of collection vehicle, capacity, and
collection frequency and the rationale for selection of the equipment.
A list of collection routes or service areas should also be provided.
Formulate the plan for expanding the service coverage area including the plan to
provide waste collection service to the entire area of the LGU if applicable.
5.2.3 Private collection service
Should collection service be contracted out to private service provider(s), the

rationale for contracting out the service that includes a listing of service areas, types
of waste to be collected and transported together with the basic terms of the contract.
5.2.4 Storage/ Discharge of waste and setout
Formulate the plan or describe the types of containers or discharge method by each
group of waste generator type and service area including the rationale for selection of
the type(s) of container(s). Setout the requirements include the location of the
storage containers, schedule/frequency of collection, and others.
- 26 -
5.2.5 Collection of segregated recyclable materials
Describe the strategy for implementing segregated collection of recyclables in each

of the barangays including the types of materials or segregated wastes, types of
vehicles, collection frequency and types of containers.
Further, describe the assistance that the city/municipality will provide to the
barangay.
5.2.6 Collection of segregated biodegradable wastes
Formulate the plan for implementing the separate collection of biodegradable wastes
if applicable from each of the barangays including the types of vehicles, collection
frequency, types of containers. Also, describe the assistance the city/municipality will
provide to the barangay.
5.2.7 Collection of mixed solid waste/residual waste
Formulate the plan for collecting mixed solid waste (until segregated collection is
implemented in all barangays) and the plan for collecting residual waste.
Example:
“LGU’s waste collection service will be expanded to cover additional puroks in Barangays
Poblacion A, Poblacion B and Poblacion C. Barangays Alpha and Beta will also be included
in LGU’s waste collection area. No segregation, no collection policy will be strictly enforced.
All types of wastes will be collected from Public Market, Municipal Hall, Provincial Capitol,
health centers and Central Business District (CBD). Only segregated residual and special
wastes will be collected from households, schools, agricultural and coastal industries, resorts
and, government and private offices without available space for composting.
For barangays outside collection area, collection schedule will be arranged between
barangays and municipal LGU for collection of residual and special wastes. Collection points
will be designated.
SWM fees will be collected from all sources.”
5.3 Waste Reduction, Segregation, Recycling, and Composting
Segregation is a pre requisite to any waste diversion effort. It is often the most
challenging component of a solid waste management program as it is involved with
the public participation influencing the individual attitude and behavioral change.
Segregation is most efficient and cost effective as carried out at waste generation
sources.
- 27 -
Segregation, recycling and composting of segregated materials are the responsibility

of the barangay. However, the SWM plan should describe how the LGU will work
with the barangay to implement the programs.
5.3.1 Waste reduction at sources
The waste generation amount reduction at sources is the most challenging program
and it will be a time consuming activities supported by the society. To implement the
program so called waste generation control shall be focused on the flow of
consumable goods from the activities of production, distribution, sale and
consumption to reduce the waste generation potential in each process. This plan will
become erective as implemented by the national/provincial level plan involving all the
stakeholders and the society.
5.3.2 Segregation of recyclable waste
Formulate the plan for promoting segregation in each of the barangays including the
strategies for start-up, implementation, monitoring, and enforcement.
Further, describe the assistance that the city/municipality will provide to the
barangay.
5.3.3 Recovery, Reuse and Recycling
Formulate the plan for promoting waste recycling and the implementation schedule
for development/operation of MRFs in each of the barangays or in clusters of
barangays include the plan for start-up, implementation, monitoring, and
enforcement. The plan shall include the type of recyclable materials to be handled at
the MRF, the methods for recording the type of recyclable materials, recycling and
reuse at the MRF. The plan shall also describe the existing capacity,
function/activities, staffing, future improvement/expansion if applicable. Formulate
the plan of LGU to be provided to the barangays for promoting/assisting
implementation of the programs.
5.3.4 Marketing
Describe the existing and planned markets for each recyclable material and for
compost. Include the plan for expanding the markets.
- 28 -
5.4 Intermediate Treatment, Composting of Biodegradable Waste
Formulate the overall plan for management of biodegradable waste include but not
limited to the following:
• Quantity of waste to be composted or treated by other appropriate means;
• Existing capacity, future demand, and how the capacity will be determined
(e.g., new facilities and expansion of existing facilities);
• Formulate the plan for implementing the compost project or alternative

treatment facilities for biodegradable waste in households, communities,
barangays, in clusters of barangays and/or by central composting by LGU;
• Formulate the plan for selection of appropriate technology, design,

construction, operation & maintenance, staffing, monitoring, and evaluating;
• Utilization, delivery & marketing of compost;
• Estimation of investment cost and operation and maintenance cost
• Technical and financial assistance of the LGU to be provided to the barangay

and its implementation schedule.
5.5 Transfer Station
Should there be a need for a transfer station, formulate the plan for but not limited to
the following:
• Capacity, future demand, and how the capacity is determined (e.g., new
facilities and expansion of existing facilities).
• Location(s) for new facilities, types and quantities of waste that will be
transferred, source of waste, recovery of recyclable material if any ;
• Transfer station system, design and/or layout plan and staffing for operation
& maintenance,;
• Estimation of investment cost, operation& maintenance cost
5.6 Waste Disposal
Waste disposal plan for the next 10-years shall be formulated with the
identification/selection of the prospective/proposed sites for future use, plans for
upgrading or closing the existing facilities to meet the requirements for sanitary
landfill.
- 29 -
(a) Waste Disposal Capacity

• Projection of the annual waste disposal amount and the capacity needed to
accommodate mixed solid waste and residual waste for the next 10-year
period.
(b) Existing Facilities

• For each facility, indicate status (open dump, controlled dump, sanitary
landfill) and disposal capacity.
• For open dumps, provide the plan to close or to improve/convert to sanitary
landfill immediately. Improvement work shall include: a well-maintained
access road; restriction of waste to small working areas; regular cover of
waste using inert material; control of surface water, litter, and waste picking;
maintaining records. etc.
• For controlled dumps, provide the plan to close or to improve/convert to
sanitary landfills (SLF) immediately.
• Strategies to extend the life span and/or the capacity of the existing disposal
site.
• Closure plans to include the methods of restoration of the existing sites.
(c) New Facilities

• Formulation of the waste disposal plan of new facilities based on the
categorization of sanitary landfill determined by the daily waste disposal
amount stated under DAO-10, 2006.
• Study, explanation and rationale for selection of the waste disposal site in
accordance with the criteria set out by the ESWMA and by the earlier DAO-
50, 1998.
(d) Sanitary Landfill (SLF) Design

• Disposal capacity shall be ensured for the minimum of 5 years based on the
projected waste disposal amount, density of filled/compacted waste, and
volume of soil cover.
• Layout plan comprised of the facilities required for each SLF category stated
under DAO-10, 2006 and the requirements stated under RA9003 and the
IRR and description of the major facilities to be constructed for SLF;
• Description for the method of collection and treatment of leachate, and its
adequacy to handle the projected maximum quantity of leachate (calculated
based on the average daily rainfall for the maximum months multiplied by the
area);
• Procurement of landfill machine/equipment and staffing for operation and
management;
• Estimation of investment, operation & maintenance cost;
• Operational practices to reduce the risk of environmental impact.
5.7 Domestic Hazardous Waste/ Special Wastes
The plan for domestic hazardous waste or special waste shall be formulated but not
limited to the following items:
- 30 -
• Existing storage, collection, disposal practices and the proper handling, re-
use and long-term disposal.
• Estimated quantities of special wastes to be generated in the future.
• Formulation of the programs to be implemented by the LGU describing how
to handle, treat, re-use, recycle, and provisos for long-term disposal.
5.8 Information, Education and Communication (IEC)
This is considered as the “mouth and feet” of the SWM program. It is basically
responsible for the promotion and dissemination of the program which focuses on
increasing public and private participation in waste reduction, segregation, recovery
and recycling and strengthening cooperation/collaboration among the key
stakeholders.
Formulate the IEC programs for each of the target group including the a matrix of
planned activities that will specify the purpose, target group, subject of message,
method, responsible party, and monitoring plan. Also include an implementation
schedule of the IEC activities.
5.9 Institutional Aspects
Effective and efficient organization and management are required to sustain a proper
solid waste management system. Planning for strengthening/improvement of the
institutional setup needs to ensure the functions, roles & responsibilities,
implementing primary organization & staffing, capacity to implement the appropriate
SWM services. These issues on institutional aspects shall be clearly defined and
planned for the sustainable management to provide solid waste management
services within the administration area of LGU. The planning subjects for
strengthening the institutional setup is summarized and reiterated as follows.
• Clarification and determination of the roles and responsibilities of the

implementing organization, divisions, sections, offices and individual staff,
• Setup the structure required for the implementing organization, sections, task
groups, manpower requirement and the supporting/collaborating
organizations of any.
• Capacity development and training scheme for the management level staff,
engineers, technicians and the field staff
As prescribed in the RA 9003, the Solid waste Management Board is responsible for
ensuring that the principles embodied in the solid waste management plans will result
in the implementation of activities. Specifically, the following are the duties and
responsibilities of the City and Municipal Solid Waste Management Boards and the
institutional setup shall be established to materialize the following requirements.
- 31 -
a. Develop the City or Municipal Solid Waste Management Plan that shall ensure
the long-term management of solid waste, as well as integrate the various
solid waste management programs and strategies of the barangays in its area
of jurisdiction. In the development of the Solid Waste Management Plan, it
shall conduct consultations with the various sectors of the community;
b. Adopt measures to promote and ensure the viability and effective

implementation of solid waste management programs in its component
barangays;
c. Monitor the implementation of the City or Municipal Solid Waste Management

Plan through its various political subdivisions and in cooperation with the
private sector and the NGOs;
d. Adopt specific revenue-generating measure to promote the viability of its Solid

Waste Management Plan;
e. Convene regular meetings for purposes of planning and coordinating the

implementation of the solid waste management programs of the respective
component barangays;
f. Oversee the implementation of the City or Municipal Solid Waste Management

Plan;
g. Review every two (2) years or as the need arises the City or Municipal Solid
Waste Management Plan for purposes of ensuring its sustainability, viability,
effectiveness and relevance in relation to local and international developments
in the field of solid waste management;
h. Develop the specific mechanics and guidelines for the implementation of the
City or Municipal Solid Waste Management Plan;
i. Recommend to appropriate local government authorities specific measure or

proposals for franchise or build-operate-transfer agreements with duly
recognized institutions, pursuant to RA 6967, to provide either exclusive or
non-exclusive authority for the collection, transfer, storage, processing,
recycling or disposal of municipal solid waste. The proposals shall take into
consideration appropriate government rules and regulations on contracts,
franchises and build-operate-transfer agreements.
j. Provide the necessary logistical and operational support to its component

cities and municipalities in consonance with subsection (f) of Section 17 of the
Local Government Code;
k. Recommend measures and safeguards against pollution and for the

preservation of the natural ecosystem; and
- 32 -
l. Coordinated the efforts of its component barangays in the implementation of

the city or municipal Solid Waste Management Plan.
5.10 Social and Environmental Aspects
Formulate the plans and programs for social and environmental issues to take it
consideration for mitigate the impacts in the course of implementation/development
of the SWM facilities to comply with the relevant rules, regulations and the law(s).
The significant social impacts (both positive and negative) from community-based
SWM should be identified and prepare and implement measures for minimizing the
impacts. These shall include, among others, the environmental conservation and the
social acceptability of proposed solid waste system including collection system,
intermediate treatment, MRFs, and waste disposal facilities. The plan shall include
the measures by hardware in design and construction and by the software in
operation procedures and monitoring. It also include the measures/consideration to
the waste pickers working at the disposal site for the support/assistance of the LGU
to improve their situations. The plan also take it consideration to conduct IEE or EIA
for the construction of waste disposal facili tie, waste treatment facilities, MRFs, etc in
the course of implementing stage of the 10-Year SWM Plan.
5.11 Financial Plan
After the estimate of capital and operation & maintenance costs of the required
facilities, financial analysis shall be carried out for estimation of the unit costs for
waste collection, waste treatment, waste disposal and for the overall SWM services
and determine the waste charge.
The financial plans shall provide an annual financing requirements to implement the
10-year plan. Using the identified strategies indicate which year will heavy costs in
terms of investment and/or operation be incurred.
Study the options to finance the implementation of the plan for the source(s) of the
capital investments (e.g., loans from financial institutions, central government grants,
and municipal funds). Also indicate the options to finance recurring costs (e.g., local
taxes, intergovernmental transfers, and user charges).
If revenues are expected from the solid waste management services, present the
existing and projected sources. Separate the projections coming from different
sources of revenues. Include the revenues from collection of fees and tipping fee for
waste disposal; other funding sources, collection and use of fines, and sources for
the local SWM fund and their uses. The financial plan shall also include the draft
waste tariff and the strategies for charging & collection of waste fee.
- 33 -
The cost recovery study shall be conducted with full cost recovery, 50% cost
recovery and/or the recovery ratio considered appropriate to the LGU. To implement
the cost recovery analysis, the project life for the evaluation may be exceed the
period more than 10 years and the income and the cost of the exceeding period shall
also be estimated properly for the cost recovery analysis for the entire project life.
The financial evaluation shall be conducted with the analysis of financial internal rate
of return (FIRR) with several alternatives including the waste charge alternatives and
propose the best alternative which ensure the financial viability to implement the
SWM project. The financial evaluation shall also include the study on net present
value (NPV), cost-benefit, profit and loss statement, money (cash) flow statement,
loan repayment plan, etc. as required. The result of analysis of economic internal
rate of return (EIRR) may be able to support the feasibility for implementation of the
SWM project in terms of economic benefits.
The result of financial analysis shall be prepared with a tabular summary and
breakdowns in attachment of the investment costs, annual costs, and annual
revenues by year.
- 34 -
Chapter 6 Preparation of the Action Plan
6.1 Implementation Strategy and Action Plan
Setup the logistics of how the solid waste management system will be implemented.
a. Framework. Includes discussions on the overview of each program to be

implemented, by generator segment, by year. Include waste reduction at
sources, recycling, composting, intermediate treatment, disposal, etc.
b. Diversion Projections. Include a matrix or table of types and percentages of

materials to be diverted to meet the mandated diversion requirement.
c. Monitoring Program. Includes a description of monitoring program to

provide accurate information and to show whether or not policies are
succeeding and to monitor the performance of the SWM plan.
d. Alternatives Analysis. Includes a description on options the municipalities

might consider in their efforts to divert waste materials from disposal.
e. Incentive Programs. Includes the description of programs providing for

incentives (rewards, grants, fiscal incentives and non-fiscal Incentives) that
will be provided to concerned sectors in order to encourage wide
participation in the implementation of the plan.
f. Mapping out the structured path towards delivering the strategies into
implementation of the action plans and programs.
The action plans shall be prepared for urgent plan (1-3 years), short-term plan( up to
5th year) and the middle/long term plan (up to 10th year) and the each action plan
shall be prepare on annual base plan and budgeting as a basic rule.
- 35 -
Chapter 7 Implementing the Action Plan
In order to implement the action plan practically, preparation of the sub-

plans/programs are required to describe in more detail the preferred option by stage-
wise implementation. In discussion of each implementation, it will be required to
highlight how the preferred option meets the requirements of RA 9003. In the said
discussion match each option selected with the mandatory requirements of the law.
The action plan also require assignment of the responsible sections/ staff, detail plan
and time schedule, procurement of land, machinery, equipment, tools, text,
participation of public, waste generators and/or stakeholders in the course of actual
implementation of the action plans. The action plan shall include the description fo
strategic direction(s) for implementation.
7.1. Phases and Targets
List the specific plan targets. The targets should indicate the expected quantifiable
outputs when the schedule of its accomplishment. More detailed targets should be
set for the first five years of the plan, more general targets for the succeeding five
years. Targets should include the mandatory provisions of the law: closure of open
and controlled dumps, establishment of a safe disposal facility or utilization of a
residual waste management facility, segregation at source and waste diversion.
7.2. Milestones
• Milestones in implementation of the action plan of institutional/legal aspects shall

include: public hearings, final approval of plan, and establishment of the SWM
Division .
• Milestones in implementation of the improvement/expansion of solid waste system
shall include the plans for; waste reduction at sources, waste
segregation/recovery at sources, separate waste collection in each barangay,
establishment of MRFs and composting facilities, intermediate facilities, upgrading
of dumpsites, establishment of sanitary landfills, IEC activities, waste charging,
etc.
7.3. Implementation Schedule
• Tables or diagrams showing the schedule of implementation.

• Schedule should include all of the programs but not limited to the items described
under this section.
• Tabulate/summarizing and/or draw waste stream for the waste diversion goals and
the quantities.
- 36 -
Appendix-A
Example Form of ;
Detailed Cost Estimates
Capital Outlay: Vehicles and Equipment, 2008-2017
Capital Outlay: Structures and Physical Development, 2008-2017
Personal Expenses, 2008-2017
MOOEs, 2008-2017
Detailed Revenue Estimates
Revenues from SWM Fees from Households
Revenues from SWM Fees from Establishments
APPENDIX-B
General Guidelines/Procedures in Conducting Waste Analysis and Characterization
Survey/Study
APPENDIX-C
Concept for Computing Waste Diversion Ratio (WDR)
- 37 -
Examples
Detailed Cost Estimates
Capital Outlay: Vehicles and Equipment, 2008-2017
Item and Description 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Total
Segregation and Source Reduction
Drop Off Containers for Recyclables -
Sub-Total - - - - - - - - - - -
Collection and Transport -
Vehicle -
Compactor truck
Dumptruck
Container truck (public market)
Sub-total
Materials Recovery
Weighing Scales
Sifter
Sub-total
Disposal Management
Backhoe
Bulldozer
Mower (Landscaping)
Shredding Machine
Sub-total
Program Management
Computer System - laptop
Printer
Sub-total
TOTAL
- 38 -
Capital Outlay: Structures and Physical Development, 2008-2017
Item and Description 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Total
Reduction at Source
Construction of permanent receptacles

-
(public market)
Sub-total - - - - - - - - - -
Collection and Transport -
Construction or improvement of
-
motorpool
Sub-total - - - - - - - - - -
Materials Recovery -
Improvement of existing bldg w/c be use

as MRF/composting building (incl power
and water system)
Development of composting area
Sub-total
Disposal Management
Closure of open dump
SLF development
Construction of Spillway
Construction of perimeter fence
Construction of THW storage/tank
Construction of access roads & ancillary

structures (cross drainage)
Road maintenance
Construction of leachate pond/lagoon
Sub-total
Program Management -
Construction of Multi-purpose Bldg.
- 39 -
Item and Description 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Total
Landscaping
Sub-total
Total
Personal Expenses, 2008-2017
200 200 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201
Itemized Personnel Positions Total
8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Segregation at Source
Laborer
Sub-total
Collection and Transport
1-SWM coordinator (EMS)
Driver
Laborers
Sub-total
Materials Recovery
Sorters/Composters
Sub-total
Disposal Management
Disposal Facility In-Charge – 1
Sub-total
Program Management
General Management
1-Office staff
Public Services Enforcer-1
Sub-total
Total
- 40 -
MOOEs, 2008-2017
Expense Item 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Total
Collection
Fuel
Vehicle maintenance/spare parts
Insurance, registration
Protective gear & supplies
Sub-total
Materials Recovery
MRF Supplies & Materials
Building and grounds maintenance
Utilities (electricity, water)
Sub-total
Disposal Management
Fuel and lubricants & maintenance
Sampling and analysis of ground water
Services (pre-development activities)
- topo & detailed engineering
Sub-total
Program Management
Equipment maintenance (computers)
Office supplies and materials
IEC materials
Meetings (e.g., ESWM Board)
Staff training
Sub-total
Total
- 41 -
Detailed Revenue Estimates

Revenues from SWM Fees from Households
Collection Barangays 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Total
Brgy A
Brgy B
Brgy C
Brgy D
Brgy E
Total Households
Garbage Fee Per Household
Total Revenues from Fees
At 100% collection efficiency
Revenues from SWM Fees from Establishments
Types of Establishments 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Total
Food establishments
Public Market
Food Establishments
General Stores
Industries
Institutions
Service Centers
Recreation Center
Health Related Sources
Total Number of
Establishments
Garbage Fee Rate
- 42 -
Total Revenues from Fees
- 43 -
APPENDIX-B
General Guidelines/Procedures in Conducting Waste Analysis and

Characterization Survey/Study
When conducting waste characterization survey/study, the following guidelines shall

apply unless modified by the Commission.
1) Waste composition – when analyzing solid waste composition, it is necessary to

obtain the following information: total quantities of waste, bulk (density), and
composition (physical)
Waste may be described as:
Readily biodegradable – garbage, paper, wood, leaves, trees.
Recyclable – textile, plastics, rubber, leather.
Mostly inert – metals, glass, dirt, ceramics, ash and stones
2) Sampling of solid waste – in order to obtain representative sample the following

steps should be undertaken;
a) subdivide the area into sub areas each representing a certain economic status
b) further subdivide the areas into residential, commercial, market, light industrial,
hospital, etc in case of municipal waste; and
c) collect a representative sample for each sub-area.
To adequately determine the composition, the generalized field procedure should

include the following processes;
a) As soon as the study area is selected and subdivided, a marked vehicle

collects refuse from each unit area. Each vehicle must be fully loaded and
brought into the sample processing site.
b) The load is placed on a clean, flat surface, mixed thoroughly, then formed into
a square about 30 cm high;
c) This is subdivided into quarters, two opposite quarters are discarded and the
two remaining quarters are thoroughly mixed again, formed into a square, and
again quartered. This continues until the desired refuse quantity is obtained
(usually about one cubic meter)
3) Sorting – when sorting the sample, the following guidelines shall apply
a) Sort the sample into major components

b) Weigh each component again
- 44 -
4) Statistical treatment of data – Data obtained is processed to determine the

following:
a) seasonal means
b) differences of generation between economic groups
c) differences in quantity and quality between seasons
d) others depending on objective of study such as NPK values.
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APPENDIX-C: Concept for Computing Waste Diversion Ratio (WDR)

1. Definition of Waste Collection Area
Waste generation area is divided into the following three areas in view of the current
state for provision of waste collection service.
Area-A: Whole Administration Area of LGU
The whole administration area of LGU includes the Barangays provides waste
collection services in addition to the Barangays not providing waste collection
service.
Area-B: Whole Area of All Barangays Providing Waste Collection Service
The whole area of all the barangays includes the area providing waste collection
service in addition to the uncollected area.
Area-C: Waste Collection Service Area
The area provided with waste collection services. The area should be demarcated
through the field survey to identify the area of Puroks not covered with waste
collection services.
The areas explained above, Area-A, -B and –C, can be divided into the following
Figure for the better understanding as a visual information.
Area-A:
LGU Administration Area
Potential Solid Waste Generation Amount in LGU Administration Area
Area-B:
Total Admin. Area of the Barangays Providing Collection

Service
Potential Solid Waste Generation Amount in Barangays

providing Waste Collection Service
Area-C:
Actual Waste Collection Service Area
Actual Solid Waste Amount Collected in the Waste

Collection Service Area (Discharged Waste Amount or
Collected and Transported Waste Amount)
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2. Computation of Waste Diversion Ratio (WDR)
WDR shall be estimated basically in accordance with the definition of the relevant
terms and the procedures described as follows.
Population:
Present population shall be a sum of registered population and the population that
resides within the administration area of the LGU obtained through the survey of the
settlements. Prediction of future population shall be conducted through the analysis
of past population obtained from the result of national population census for in the
last 20 years or more as a basic condition. Physical condition-immigrant population
and the natural condition-number of birth and death shall be taken it consideration for
the population growth ration to predict the future population. Predicted population of
the City Development Plan if formulated and approved will be the most reasonable
future population to be adopted for the planning of solid waste management.
Waste Generation Rate per Capita per Day (WPC)
Waste generation rate shall be obtained through the waste generation source survey
conducted at least for 7 days or more to gather the unit waste generation rate of
domestic, commercial, institutional, industrial, public markets, streets, etc. where the
LGU provides waste collection service. The unit waste generation rate tends to
increase to the economic growth indicator such as GDP. The future waste
generation rate should reflect the factors of future economic development conditions.
Prediction of Waste Generation Amount:
Solid waste generation amount will be predicted based on the unit waste generation
rate obtained from the survey for each waste generation source. Followings are key
points for estimating the waste amount of the different waste generation sources.
Waste Generation Sources Key Points
Domestic Waste The waste generation rate obtained for each income groups shall
be converted to the value representing the waste generation rate of
all the income groups by the weighted average. To do so, the data
of distribution or ratio of each income group in the total population
shall be obtained from the survey or the statistical data of
population census. Waste generation amount will be obtained from
the multiplication of the population and the average waste
generation rate per capita per day.
Commercial Waste, Institutional Commercial waste amount will be obtained from the multiplication
Waste, & Industrial Waste of the unit waste generation rate of commercial waste and the floor
(general wastes only) area or number of employee/staff/pupil or some other appropriate
factor.
Public Market Waste Public market waste amount will be obtained from the multiplication
of the unit waste generation rate of public market waste and the
- 47 -
floor area or number of employee or some other appropriate factor.
Street Waste Street waste amount will be obtained from the multiplication of the
unit waste generation rate of public market waste per linear meter
or unit area and the length or area of the servicing streets or from
the survey data covered the entire street waste collection service
area.
Collected Waste Rate per Capita per Day:
Collected waste rate shall be computed from the annual data of actual waste amount
measured by weighbridge or the waste amount estimated from the number of
incoming vehicles to the disposal site. If the annual record is not available, the data
shall be obtained from the field survey for not less than 7days.
Summary of Method of Computation of Waste Diversion Ratio (WDR)
Item Description Equation
Population in Area-A :POP-A Total population of LGU POP-A
Population in Area-B: POP-B Total population of all the Brgys. POP-B

providing waste collection service
Population in Area-C: POP-C Waste Collection Population or total POP-C

population of all the Brgys.
providing waste collection service
minus uncollected population
Estimated Waste Generation (LGU Population) x (Waste EWA-A=(POP-A) x WPC

Amount in Area-A: EWA-A Generation Rate per Capita per
Day)
Estimated Waste Generation (Total Population of all the Brgys. EWA-B=(POP-B) x WPC
Amount in Area-B: EWA-B providing waste collection service) x
(Waste Generation Rate per Capita
per Day)
Estimated Waste Generation (Waste Collection Population) x EWA-C=(POP-C) x WPC

Amount in Area-C: EWA-C (Waste Generation Rate per Capita
per Day)
Collected Waste Amount in Area-C: Weighed Waste Amount measured CWA-C=(POP-C) x CWC
CWA-C at Waste Disposal Site or Estimated
Waste Amount by the No. of
Incoming Vehicles or
(Waste Collection Population) x

(Collected Waste Rate per Capita
per Day)
Uncollected Waste Amount or Balance between the estimated UWA-C=(EWA-C)– (CWA-
- 48 -
Discarded Waste Amount within the waste generation amount and the C)
Waste Collection Area: UWA-C collected waste amount
Estimated Recoverable Waste Estimated Amount through junk ERA-A

Amount in Area-A: ERA-A shop survey, etc.
Estimated Recoverable Waste Estimated Amount through junk ERA-B

Amount in Area-B: ERA-B shop survey, etc.
Estimated Recovered Waste Estimated Amount through junk ERA-C

Amount in Area-C: ERA-C shop survey, etc.
Estimated Recovered Waste Estimated Amount by the survey of ERA-L

Amount by Waste Pickers at waste pickers recovering valuable
Landfill Site wastes at landfill site.
Estimated Waste Diversion Ratio ((ERA-A)+(ERA-L)) /

(WDR) in LGU Adm. Area (EWA-A)
Estimated WDR in the Brgys ((ERA-B)+(ERA-L)) /

Providing Waste Collection Service (EWA-B)
Estimated WDR in the Brgys ((ERA-C)+(ERA-L)) /

Providing Waste Collection Service (EWA-C)
Estimated WDR in the Waste ((ERA-C)+(ERA-L)) /

Collection Area (EWA-C)
Actual WDR in the Waste Collection ((ERA-C)+(ERA-L)) /

Area (AWA-C)
WPC: Waste Generation Rate per The average waste generation rate
Capita per Day per capita per day derived from the
waste amount survey includes the
wastes of all the waste generation
sources such as domestic,
commercial, institutional, industrial,
street, etc. or the rate determined
by other appropriate means
CWC: Collected Waste Rate per Surveyed and computed value

Capita per Day obtained from the division of total
waste amount collected and the
actual collection service population.
- 49 -

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Guidebook for Formulation of Solid Waste Management Plan

First Edition 2010

All right reserved

Chapter Technical Writers

Support to the Guidebook Preparation

Chapter 1 Introduction ……………….................................................. 1

Chapter 2 Mobilizing the Planning Process …………………………............. 3

Chapter 3 Situation Analysis ………………………….................................... 4

Chapter 4 Establishing the Planning Framework ………………………...... 17

Chapter 5 Planning the Sustainable SWM System ……….……..…….. 24

Chapter 6 Preparation of the Action Plan ……………………........................... 35

Chapter 7I Implementing the Action Plan …………………………................. 36

1. Table 3.1 :Standard Form and Result of Junk Shop

1. Figure 3.1 : Example of Location ………………………………………..… 4

First Edition 2010

All right reserved

The introduction to the plan shall contain the following:

1.1 Purpose of Guidebook

1. understand the concept of strategic planning for municipal solid waste

1.2 Approach for Preparation of Guidebook

1.3 Definition of Terms

Chapter 2 MOBILIZING THE PLANNING PROCESS

A Sanggunian Resolution for the formation of the working committee/board is also

Capability building of the working committee/board is also necessary so that a

• Views on the goals and objectives of each stakeholder

Chapter 3 SITUATION ANALYSIS

The city/municipality’s location shall be discussed, if possible its longitudinal and

A map must be included the locations of

An example of a map is shown as Figure 3.1

• Current population of the city/municipality indicating also the current population of

3.4 Economic Profile/Land Use

The economic profile must be Figure 3.2

An example of a land use

3.5 Physical Characteristics

3.6 Institutional Arrangements

3.7 Inventory of Equipment and Staff

Therefore, the data included are:

The recycling component shall include a program and implementation schedule

The LGU recycling component shall describe the following:

(3) Location of MRFs in operation, description of the major activities of the

(5) Education and/or public campaign conducted for promotion of the

The composting component shall be included in the 10-Year SWM Plan in

The LGU composting components shall describe the following:

(2) The methods or processes for composting for home composting,

(3) Capacity of new facilities, and expansion of existing facilities for

(1) Availability or provision of properly designed containers or receptacles in

(3) Status of Issuance and enforcement of ordinances to implement a

(4) Availability of provision of properly trained officers and workers to handle

If the collection is being provided by private haulers, a list of the collectors/haulers

Following is an example of description for the collection system employed by

The City is implementing a Macro and Micro Cell-Based Collection System,

 Main Thoroughfares - collection of garbage is done daily from 4:00 AM to

 Stationary collection – route for public markets and hospitals (domestic

 Barangay (residential) collection - scheduled twice-a-week: Mondays &

3.12 Transfer Station

3.13 Intermediate Tratment Facilities

3.14 Final Disposal

3.15 Special/Hazardous Wastes

The existing methods/facilities of handling/collection, treatment, disposal/storage of

3.16 Recyclable Waste of Market Waste and Junk Shop

Junk Shop ձ 200

Recyclable Materials from

Households / Junk Shop շ 13,755 Junk Shop 23,165 Dealers in Other

Main Thoroughfares - collection of garbage is done daily from 4:00 AM to

Stationary collection – route for public markets and hospitals (domestic

Barangay (residential) collection - scheduled twice-a-week: Mondays &

Personal Services Expenses: P 5,818,614.00

Maintenance and other operating expenses: P 821,329,400.00

Capital Outlay: P 1,786,328.00