https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2018.

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Resistant Cultivars
Once FW is established in the area, the use of resistant varieties is the most
effective means to manage this disease. The resistance of Cavendish to Foc R1
has had an enormous impact on the banana industry contributing to near
complete Cavendish dominance in export trade. This resistance has been
effective for about 50 years and it is an iconic case of resistance durability in
crops to pathogens. In general, resistant cultivars are effective for less than 10
years (Johnson, 1984; McDonald and Linde, 2002).

Crop Rotation

Widely used to manage soil-borne diseases in annual crops, crop rotation may
be an option in some situations for a perennial crop like banana. Diversified
farms may have access to different crops for crop rotation and intercropping
as a strategy to manage FW. In this sense, crops with immediate market
opportunities, such as cassava (Manihot esculenta), pineapple (Annanas
squamosa) or plant species with different uses or purposes like Chinese leek
(Allium tuberousum), have been used with different levels of success
(Buddenhagen, 2009; Huang et al., 2012; Zhang H. et al., 2013; Wang et al.,
2015; Table 1). However, in other cases crop rotation has not resulted in
positive results. The use of velvet bean and sorghum did not contribute to
reduce FW intensity as much as that obtained when sugarcane was used as
succession crop (Sequeira, 1958). Later, sugarcane was used in combination
with fallow with better results (Sequeira, 1962). However, in Taiwan,
sugarcane was not recommended as a long-term strategy (Hwang, 1985). Crop
rotation might have a direct effect lowering the Foc inoculum in the soil by
creating a suppressive environment, an indirect effect by reducing or
eliminating symptomless weed hosts or both. In most cases, the mechanism
involved in the suppression of Foc has only been partially elucidated
(Table 1; Huang et al., 2012; Zhang H. et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2015). Finally,
it is important to consider the ability of Foc to colonize other crops. This
capacity has been reported for other forma speciales of F. oxysporum, such
as Fov, which in addition to cotton, can also infect soybean, flue-cured and
burley tobacco, okra, alfalfa and lupine (Cianchetta and Davis, 2015), Fola,
which colonizes three crops commonly grown in rotation with lettuce:
broccoli, cauliflower and spinach (Scott et al., 2014) and Fon, that infects both
tobacco and sweet potatoes (LaMondia, 2015).

Cover Crops

The use of cover crops (also called ground cover or cover plant species) is
considered a good agricultural practice for banana production and can help to
manage weeds, pests, and diseases and also increase yield (Djigal et al.,
2012; Pattison et al., 2014). Cover crops can be used before planting as green
manure, as inter-planting or even as perennial species cultivated with banana.
There are few studies available that assessed the effects of cover crops on
FW. Pattison et al. (2014) found that Pinto peanut (Arachis pintoi) as ground
cover reduced the intensity of FW in Ducasse bananas (Pisang awak, ABB) by
20% (Table 1). In addition, authors described a positive effect on yield through
the increment of the bunch weight. In other FW pathosystems, such as in
watermelon (Himmelstein et al., 2014) and cucumber (Klein et al., 2011), this
practice has been successfully used. However, in other cases no positive effects
have been observed (Njoroge et al., 2008). Similarly to crop rotation, cover
crops can affect physical, chemical, and microbiological soil parameters and
are also influenced by environment. Therefore, the selection of appropriate
species or varieties, the planting rate and management need to be determined
experimentally in each situation.
http://www.promusa.org/Fusarium+wilt#Resistant_cultivars
Resistant cultivars
Gros Michel, Silk, Pome and Pisang awak cultivars are generally resistant to race 2 strains
but susceptible to races 1 and 4 strains. Cavendish cultivars are generally resistant to races
1 and 2 strains but susceptible to race 4 strains. Plantain and East African highland
bananas (EAHB) cultivars are generally resistant to race 1 strains.