Academic

Vocabulary
for those who
hate spending
hate  spending
too much time
on bullsh*t IELTS books

 Kien Tran 
Dear Customers and Shareholders,

First of all, you may be scratching your head wondering why I

addressed you as shareholders and customers. In case you are
unaware, customers and investors (or shareholders) are not the
terms I arbitrarily call you all. I did that for a good reason. In
essence, from business's perspectives, you are both my
customers and my shareholders, not my students. On the flip
side, I am not your coach, not even your teacher so to speak. I
instead prefer to address myself as your CEO, who has the
responsibility to live up to the expectations of shareholders and
customers-you.

As shareholders, you have "invested" your money to "the

company" and expect a decent return on your investment, which
in this case your IELTS performance. As per general principles,
the goal is to maximize shareholders' value or your return on
investment.

As customers, you have purchased my product using your hard-

earned money and expect the product to work to your great
benefit, thereby in return taking the company's reputation to the
next levels. Increasing customer satisfaction has always been
my primary goal.

I have always been impelled to create the product that suits your
educational needs and serve your purposes well enough.
Therefore I really wish this book can offer you the best guidance
you need for your success. Due to limited time and intense work
schedule, my apology for any possible errors.

Now let's enjoy and have fun!

Preface*
*Introduction

You right now might be wondering why just reading

lazily like what you are doing at this very moment,
without taking any notes, can help you remember all the
fancy academic vocabulary. Is that even possible?

My answer is YES, YES, YES. And I'm not just saying

that.. The way it works is extremely simple, yet, not a lot
that
of folks
folks know
 know about and even if they do, not many of 
them will make use of  it.
  it. I am going to explain to you in
later section of the book. But for now, just keep in mind
that this book WILL make a big change in your life.
Don't tell me you only need English to pass the bullshit
IELTS exam that you will have to pay a fortune for
fortune for the
fees and not to mention you don't necessarily enjoy
the experience it gives you. You will need English for
the rest of your life, hands down.
down. Until you die. Let's be
honest, 10 years ago, no English was okay. Now, if you
don't speak and write in English properly and
professionally, you will never get ahead of the game.
game. So,
you might notice I mark some words or phrases as RED RED,,
good question, they are words that are informal. You
should NOT use them in formal writing like IELTS.

But feel free to use them in daily conversation or

informal writing. They are very very common. But wait,
isn't this book supposed to be for Academic vocabulary
learning purpose? Oh yeah, I'm glad you mention that. It
IS for academic vocab learning. Just wanna chillchill a
 a little
bit as this is just a preface section. I'm gonna get more
serious later on and it will, in fact, turn you on as
on as you
will learn big time.
time. So the question is... Are you ready?
Ok dumb question. I know you are 100% ready. LOL.
Let's jump right into it.
 Essays
with Kien Tran

Before

Legalize => Legalization

Add more specific
Add cause-effect

 After
 1.
Naturally and
Repeatedly
Now, I will use academic vocab in REAL LIFE,
naturally and repeatedly. See the word "naturally" and
"repeatedly"? These areare vitally
 vitally important (1) for the (1) Very important
success of learning vocabulary in a short period of 
time. Therefore, do not take them lightly (2).
(2) . HAHA. (2) Take them seriously
Okay, have you noticed what's going on right now?
These two above phrases are the very first two
academic phrases that you are gonna learn. You will
see them every so often (3) as you go through the
(3) from time to time,
book. Why do you have to see them again? often
Remember repetition? It's key. It's vitally important
(1).. That's why you will have to see them over and
(1)
over again, coupled with (4) new
(4) new phrases. This will, of  (4) beside
course, produce desirable learning outcomes (5) (5) give good results
since you will familiarize yourself (6) with
(6) with (6) get familiar with
(7) a lot of/many
a myriad of (7) useful vocab that you will finally have
a chance to use in formal writing. In conclusion of this
page, you have already learned seven vitally
important phrases
important  phrases that cannot be taken lightly in
IELTS writing.

You will see more vitally important ones

important ones later on
because this is what this book is all about. Just by
reading, you will succeed.
 A lot of 
a myriad of 
*use with prudence, may not be altered in some specific cases

2.
Talking with
Kien Tran
Do you like talking to me?

Hmm... You don't say anything so I take it as a YES. In

this book, it's like you are talking to me. Oh, I'm sorry,
I'm talking to you directly. We will have a chat about
anything you can think of. The environment, food and
beverages, animals, the universe, movies, music, you
name it. This book is interesting, making normal stuff  (8) Never done or known
before
academic. An unprecedented (8) book
(8) book about learning
vocabulary just for you, my friend. I hope you don't (9) expert knowledge in
take it lightly as
lightly as this is all my expertise (9) dedicated a particular field
to (10) creating
(10) creating the best learning experience so you (10) devote time and
can enjoy and have fun. effort to

You will see a myriad of topics that

topics that I will do my best (11) make it simple and
to simplify (11) and
(11) and at the same time utilize (12) as easy to understand
many academic words as possible so you can easily (12) use
familiarize yourself with them
with them as well as you ever
dream of.
 2.
Talking with
Kien Tran
Do you like talking to me?

Hmm... You don't say anything so I take it as a YES. In

this book, it's like you are talking to me. Oh, I'm sorry,
I'm talking to you directly. We will have a chat about
anything you can think of. The environment, food and
beverages, animals, the universe, movies, music, you
name it. This book is interesting, making normal stuff  (8) Never done or known
before
academic. An unprecedented (8) book
(8) book about learning
vocabulary just for you, my friend. I hope you don't (9) expert knowledge in
take it lightly as
lightly as this is all my expertise (9) dedicated a particular field
to (10) creating
(10) creating the best learning experience so you (10) devote time and
can enjoy and have fun. effort to

You will see a myriad of topics that

topics that I will do my best (11) make it simple and
to simplify (11) and
(11) and at the same time utilize (12) as easy to understand
many academic words as possible so you can easily (12) use
familiarize yourself with them
with them as well as you ever
dream of.
 Tip!
Expertise = knowledge + skill + experience
Knowledge = knowledge
Be careful
dedicated to LEARNING
dedicated to learn

3.
Should students
wear uniform?
What do you think? Should students wear uniform?

This is such a classic essay question, not

unprecedented at
unprecedented  at all. It's so basic that everyone
wants to take it as an example to illustrate their point (13) prove their point, or
(13)   in essay writing. The answer to that question can use as example
(13)
be yes or no depending on what view you want to
take. Whether students should wear uniform or not (14) Does not have any
does not have anything to do with (14) our current relation with, does not
lives. Remember our job is to choose a viewpoint and affect
answer that and then move on with life. Nobody
cares so you don't need to worry about any essay
questions from now on. Just answer and that's it. No
right or wrong answer.

Okay, I guess you may have a myriad of ideas in

your mind right now as this is an extremely easy
topic. To me, the answer to that is NO. I don't think
students should wear uniform because
 3.
Should students
wear uniform?
What do you think? Should students wear uniform?

This is such a classic essay question, not

unprecedented at
unprecedented  at all. It's so basic that everyone
wants to take it as an example to illustrate their point (13) prove their point, or
(13)   in essay writing. The answer to that question can use as example
(13)
be yes or no depending on what view you want to
take. Whether students should wear uniform or not (14) Does not have any
does not have anything to do with (14) our current relation with, does not
lives. Remember our job is to choose a viewpoint and affect
answer that and then move on with life. Nobody
cares so you don't need to worry about any essay
questions from now on. Just answer and that's it. No
right or wrong answer.

Okay, I guess you may have a myriad of ideas in

your mind right now as this is an extremely easy
topic. To me, the answer to that is NO. I don't think
students should wear uniform because
(15) ~lose
1. That will compromise
will compromise (15) 
(15)  their individuality
their individuality (16).
(16). (16) uniqueness of 
character
2. Not every student likes it
3. Uniforms are not usually of good quality (17) (17) ~This shirt is of high
quality = The quality of
this shirt is high
Or I can say YES if I agree if I want to. Either way, I
don't care and neither should you. No one cares if 
they wear uniform or not, you can control that. The not “wa s”
same goes for other topics (18),
(18), don't be scared, any (18) Other topics as well,
idea is a good idea. The choice is all yours. no difference
 Individuality Collectiveness
US, Canada, UK Vietnam, China,
Australia, Europe Japan

4.
Quick Grammar
#1
This is the quick grammar section where I show you
some...of course, quick grammar notes you might
need to bear in mind (19) as
(19) as they are vitally (19) remember/
 to your success in writing. You cannot take keep in mind
important to
important
them lightly. You have to familiarize yourself with all
of them because every so often you may make
(20) to your IELTS (20) bad, negative
mistakes that can be detrimental (20) to
grade.

Remember:

Nobody, no one, somebody, someone, everyone,

everybody, anyone are NOT plural. They are singular.
Therefore, it's must be like

Everyone IS, everyone DOES, everyone takes

Somebody IS, somebody DOES, somebody takeS
Anyone IS, anyone DOES, anyone takeS.
 4.
Quick Grammar
#1
This is the quick grammar section where I show you
some...of course, quick grammar notes you might
need to bear in mind (19) as
(19) as they are vitally (19) remember/
 to your success in writing. You cannot take keep in mind
important to
important
them lightly. You have to familiarize yourself with all
of them because every so often you may make
(20) to your IELTS (20) bad, negative
mistakes that can be detrimental (20) to
grade.

Remember:

Nobody, no one, somebody, someone, everyone,

everybody, anyone are NOT plural. They are singular.
Therefore, it's must be like

Everyone IS, everyone DOES, everyone takes

Somebody IS, somebody DOES, somebody takeS
Anyone IS, anyone DOES, anyone takeS.
Every animal IS nice, every job IS, every love IS

Don't compromise
compromise your
 your grade by not knowing them.
This is so fundamental, vitally important and
important and has a lot
to do with your
with your grades. So now you know it. How
cool!
 bad
Detrimental Beneficial
salt, sugar, red Veggies, flaxseeds,
meats fruits

.
Thinkin' in
English
A By-product
Reading this book can also create a by-product (21).
(21). (21) a secondary product
Your primary purpose of reading this book is to grasp
as many vocabulary as you can in your head. But you
also start to think in English more and better. Why?
Because the way I use language, coupled with how
interesting I am, makes it possible (22) for
(22) for you to do (22) allows/enables
that.

Writing easy language like what I am doing right now (23) easy as people think
is not as easy as it sounds (23).
(23). It still involves a lot of 
underlying principles (24) in
(24) in psychology and (24)Basic principles you
behind anything
advertising. Many people refuse to do that and they
end up compromising
compromising reader's
 reader's engagement. That's one
of many reasons why you don't like reading books
although books are good to read. Right? Let's be
honest. You don't like reading books, why do you read
my books? Get the idea? Many people don't even
have a clue about how to engage readers. That's why
 .
Thinkin' in
English
A By-product
Reading this book can also create a by-product (21).
(21). (21) a secondary product
Your primary purpose of reading this book is to grasp
as many vocabulary as you can in your head. But you
also start to think in English more and better. Why?
Because the way I use language, coupled with how
interesting I am, makes it possible (22) for
(22) for you to do (22) allows/enables
that.

Writing easy language like what I am doing right now (23) easy as people think
is not as easy as it sounds (23).
(23). It still involves a lot of 
underlying principles (24) in
(24) in psychology and (24)Basic principles you
behind anything
advertising. Many people refuse to do that and they
end up compromising
compromising reader's
 reader's engagement. That's one
of many reasons why you don't like reading books
although books are good to read. Right? Let's be
honest. You don't like reading books, why do you read
my books? Get the idea? Many people don't even
have a clue about how to engage readers. That's why
they fail and still stay ignorant. That also explains (25) This is a very good
(25) why my book is meant to just read. linking phrase

Thinking in English is vitally important and

important and you should
not take it lightly.
lightly. I know I am overusing these
orange-colored phrases. That's done for a reason and
you already know why. Haha. So please don't ask me
to paraphrase to avoid repetition. Because repetition is, (26) The essense
hands down, the
down, the backbone (26) 
(26)  of memorization. The basics
The fundamentals
 Tip!
Use "irrespective of" or "regardless of" at the
end to provide more details (on universality)
People can go to the church every Sunday, regardless of 
religious background.
 The meeting will start at 5:00pm, irrespective of weather.

6.
Terminologies
vs.
Academic Vocab
Some people mistakenly think terminologies are
academic vocabulary and vice versa. Yes, they are
similar to some degree (27) but
(27) but not entirely the same. (27) To some extent
'Bond convexity' is a term in finance. 'Nasal disease' is
a medical term. 'Self-fulfiling prophecy' is a term is
psychology. They are not really academic vocab. They
belong to the field itself and stay there permanently.
You almost cannot use them too extensively. You can
only use them when talking about a specific topic. In
IELTS writing, you are not required to know all of 
these technical terms. But you definitely have to know
and use fluently academic vocab that constitute (28) (28) Create, build, be a
any essays, irrespective of (29) topics. Get it? part of the whole thing
= re ard
rdlles
esss of (29) regardless of,
no matter
Okay, just like the phrase "irrespective of" I used
above. It is quite an academic vocab and you have to
know it no matter what if you really want to write = regardless of
 6.
Terminologies
vs.
Academic Vocab
Some people mistakenly think terminologies are
academic vocabulary and vice versa. Yes, they are
similar to some degree (27) but
(27) but not entirely the same. (27) To some extent
'Bond convexity' is a term in finance. 'Nasal disease' is
a medical term. 'Self-fulfiling prophecy' is a term is
psychology. They are not really academic vocab. They
belong to the field itself and stay there permanently.
You almost cannot use them too extensively. You can
only use them when talking about a specific topic. In
IELTS writing, you are not required to know all of 
these technical terms. But you definitely have to know
and use fluently academic vocab that constitute (28) (28) Create, build, be a
any essays, irrespective of (29) topics. Get it? part of the whole thing
= re ard
rdlles
esss of (29) regardless of,
no matter
Okay, just like the phrase "irrespective of" I used
above. It is quite an academic vocab and you have to
know it no matter what if you really want to write = regardless of
(but not formal)
for mal)
successfully.

Another clear difference, terminologies help show off 

your knowledge. Academic vocab help show off your
language skill. IELTS is all about language skill. So I
place more significant emphasis (30) on
(30) on academic (30) stress, take it
vocab than terminologies. But it's also not wrong if  more seriously
you know terminologies. Academic vocab and
terminologies complement (31) each
(31) each other and (31) support each other
ultimately (32) constitute
constitute the
 the strength of your overall
intelligence. (32) at the end
make/be a part of 
constitute
Hydro and oxygen constitute
constitute the
 the water particle
Lack of focus and hard work constitute
constitute failure
 failure
*use with prudence, may not be altered in some specific cases

7.
Quick Grammar
#2
Previously, you saw I used the phrase "to some
degree" and you've probably seen a lot of people use
"to some extent".

To some extent, to some degree, in some way, at

some point.

What do they even mean? They just simply mean

something is PARTLY true or not always applicable.

Examples:

I agree at some point.

point. (I partly agree)
Learning English is good to some degree (not
degree (not always
good)

Bear in mind that although there is a word 'some', this

 7.
Quick Grammar
#2
Previously, you saw I used the phrase "to some
degree" and you've probably seen a lot of people use
"to some extent".

To some extent, to some degree, in some way, at

some point.

What do they even mean? They just simply mean

something is PARTLY true or not always applicable.

Examples:

I agree at some point.

point. (I partly agree)
Learning English is good to some degree (not
degree (not always
good)

Bear in mind that although there is a word 'some', this

is not an
not an indication of (33) plurality.
(33) plurality. So please don't (33) it's not an indication
add any 's' at the end of any following word like "to of = it doesn't mean (that)
some extents" or "at some points". That's not
gramatically correct and may compromise
compromise your
 your grade
if you don't pay enough attention.
This doesn't mean
This is not an
indication of 
*use with prudence, may not be altered in some specific cases

8.
Is Marketing
Good or Bad?
What is your thought on that?

All too often, people think marketing is evil and

deceptive. But that is not necessarily true (34). (34) it's not all true
Marketing links products of value (35) with
(35) with those who (35) have value
are not aware of its existence (36).
(36). Most products (36) know it
you buy on a daily basis (37) are
(37) are facilitated (38) by a (37) every day
(38) help, assist, support
myriad of  marketing
  marketing activities. And you like these
products. If Apple did not do marketing well, nobody
would buy their products, irrespective of  how
  how high
value they are of. Therefore, marketing is not only
good but vitally important and we should not take it
lightly..
lightly
(39) without it
Without the existence of (39) marketing, it would be
detrimental to
detrimental  to the economy because products would (40) too easy
not match customers' needs. Businesses would suffer (41) lose the opportunity
losses (40) and
(40) and customers would lose the chance (41)
to improve their life by using these products. We, (42) suggest that
 8.
Is Marketing
Good or Bad?
What is your thought on that?

All too often, people think marketing is evil and

deceptive. But that is not necessarily true (34). (34) it's not all true
Marketing links products of value (35) with
(35) with those who (35) have value
are not aware of its existence (36).
(36). Most products (36) know it
you buy on a daily basis (37) are
(37) are facilitated (38) by a (37) every day
(38) help, assist, support
myriad of  marketing
  marketing activities. And you like these
products. If Apple did not do marketing well, nobody
would buy their products, irrespective of  how
  how high
value they are of. Therefore, marketing is not only
good but vitally important and we should not take it
lightly..
lightly
(39) without it
Without the existence of (39) marketing, it would be
detrimental to
detrimental  to the economy because products would (40) too easy
not match customers' needs. Businesses would suffer (41) lose the opportunity
losses (40) and
(40) and customers would lose the chance (41)
to improve their life by using these products. We, (42) suggest that
therefore, could imply (42) that
(42) that the health of any (43) too easy, u know it
economy relies heavily (43) 
(43)  on marketing activities.
(44) understood, viewed
(44) as good if  (45) too easy, u know it
All in all, marketing should be perceived (44) as
not highly beneficial (45).
(45). We should do more and
more marketing to facilitate
facilitate our
 our economy.
daily/day-to-day
on a daily basis
(Sounds more formal, other variations are
"on a regular basis" "on a monthly basis", etc
*use with prudence, may not be altered in some specific cases

Before

Making it formal by
giving it considerable
details and boredom
Before

Making it formal by
giving it considerable
details and boredom

 After

Academic Vocabulary
For Those Who Hate Spending Too Much Time
On Bullsh*t IELTS books
 9.
Is Tourism good
or bad?
Okay, let's be honest. This is one of the IELTS essay
question. But don't let the word 'IELTS' fool you. It's
 just a simple question, with the brand 'IELTS' attached.

What's your thought on this?

Some might say tourism is not good as he or she has

trouble seeing any economic activities involved. That is
why it is not necessarily true.
true . Tourism is highly
is highly
beneficial to the economy, irrespective of  its  its kind. A
country with a high degree of (46) tourism
(46) tourism facilitates (46) high level of 
economic activities as people are motivated (47) to (47) too easy,
work hard to serve foreigners and make money from but important
catering food (48) and
(48) and rendering services (49).
(49). These
activities are vitally important to create more value to (48) serving food
the society (50) they
(50) they are being a part of. (49) perform services
(like legal services etc)
(50) too easy,
 Just like when you are beautiful, people are more likely but important
to (51) associate with (52) you
(52) you can greatly benefit (51) has higher chance
from that (53).
(53). The same goes for a
for a country, if a to
country is beautiful enough to attract tourists, they will (52) connect with
make money and as they make more money, they can (53) easy but
important
spend and invest the money. Spending and investing
facilitate   the growth of a country and that cannot be
facilitate
taken lightly.

Therefore, even though tourism may not be as highly

beneficial as it appears, it is vitally important for
everyone.
 Tip!
"Motivation" or "is motivated to" can be taken
advantage of in IELTS because of its high
cause-effect relationship generated.
If the governments provide free education, students will be get lazy 
=> If the governments provide free education, students will NOT BE
MOTIVATED to work hard. By using "motivation"/"be motivated", the cause-
effect relationship appears stronger

10.
Is Watching TV a

Good or Bad?
What is your thought on that?

By the way, I don't even have a TV. My laptop has

almost everything. The same might go with you. But
should we watch TV?

TV has been around (54) for decades and it seems to (54) has been there, has been
continue its aggressive evolvement as technology existing
comes in. There are a myriad of companies selling TV
of great value and
value and great efficiency on the market. In
fact, TV were even a necessity (55) when
(55) when we were (55) a very very important
kids. But let's face it,
it, in today fast-paced life (56), who thing (water is a necessity)
would have time to watch TV? Retired people would. (56) fast life
Young people may not. Watching TV may take a great
amount time but does not necessarily
create the equivalent value for our lives.

We, as young students or workers, may only have

 10.
Is Watching TV a

Good or Bad?
What is your thought on that?

By the way, I don't even have a TV. My laptop has

almost everything. The same might go with you. But
should we watch TV?

TV has been around (54) for decades and it seems to (54) has been there, has been
continue its aggressive evolvement as technology existing
comes in. There are a myriad of companies selling TV
of great value and
value and great efficiency on the market. In
fact, TV were even a necessity (55) when
(55) when we were (55) a very very important
kids. But let's face it,
it, in today fast-paced life (56), who thing (water is a necessity)
would have time to watch TV? Retired people would. (56) fast life
Young people may not. Watching TV may take a great
amount time but does not necessarily
create the equivalent value for our lives.

We, as young students or workers, may only have

maximum two to three hours to watch TV and it's
already a waste. We also don't use TV as much as we
think we do when we were in the store. The 'nice'
salesperson has probably already used his or her savvy (57) very skilful, very good
(57) sales skills to get you buying.

Therefore, it much depends on your age. If you are

young, you shouldn't buy and watch TV. If you are
retired, TV might be of great value for your
entertainment purposes.
a very important
thing
aGettingnecessity
up early to exercise is very 
important for your health. => Getting up
early is such a necessity for health.
*use with prudence, may not be altered in some specific cases

11.
Academic Habit
I bet if you are at band 6-7, you may have already
recognized many green-colored words I have been
writing. However, recognizing and really knowing are (58) two totally different
two distinct notions (58).
(58). You recognize the phrases things
because every so often you
often you might have seen
them somewhere. But that is not an indication of
indication of you
having mastered them. To really master them you
need to use them on a daily basis like
basis like your daily
language. You need to get into the habit of (59) using
(59)  using (59) make it a habit
them, just like your mother-tongue. That way (60),(60), (60) by doing so
you will not only recognize the words but also truly
understand their meanings and be able to use them
properly.
(61) communicate, make
What I am doing now is to impart (61) the
(61) the meanings something known
of academic phrases so you will get accustomed to (62) get used to
get familiar with
(62) those
(62)  those naturally and effectively. So now you two
distinct notions of
notions of recognizing and really knowing has (63) solved, explained
 11.
Academic Habit
I bet if you are at band 6-7, you may have already
recognized many green-colored words I have been
writing. However, recognizing and really knowing are (58) two totally different
two distinct notions (58).
(58). You recognize the phrases things
because every so often you
often you might have seen
them somewhere. But that is not an indication of
indication of you
having mastered them. To really master them you
need to use them on a daily basis like
basis like your daily
language. You need to get into the habit of (59) using
(59)  using (59) make it a habit
them, just like your mother-tongue. That way (60),(60), (60) by doing so
you will not only recognize the words but also truly
understand their meanings and be able to use them
properly.
(61) communicate, make
What I am doing now is to impart (61) the
(61) the meanings something known
of academic phrases so you will get accustomed to (62) get used to
get familiar with
(62) those
(62)  those naturally and effectively. So now you two
distinct notions of
notions of recognizing and really knowing has (63) solved, explained
been unraveled (63).
(63). Just remember, when you see a
word, you might not know it, you may just recognize
it. In order to really know it, reading this book is key
and you
and you cannot take it lightly.
lightly.
 get
accustomed
to
LEARNING
learn

12.
Should you
download illegally?
You and I may have downloaded movies, music and
books online without paying a single penny. What it's
called in academic language is 
is  copyright infringment
(64),, which indicates we are violating the copyright
(64)
law. Movies, music and books are called intellectual (64) violate copyright law
(65) Music, movies, books
property (65) and
(65) and if we use them without the express of others
permission (66) from
(66) from the creators. We can be fined (66) open permission
and even imprisoned for that.

However, it is safe to say (67) the likelihood of you (67) ~easy but important
(68) the chance of getting
getting caught is very slim (68).
(68). That is why people caught is small
are abusing it and download other's intellectual
property without
property  without even considering any ethical issues
(69) issue on ethics
(69).. That's why corporations are trying to impart
(69)
strong morals to
morals to Internet citizens and make them
aware and thus pay their money. Without the
existence of profits,
profits, they would not be motivated to
create and invent. You and I, as a result (70),
(70), would (70) ~ easy but important
not have any awesome
awesome movies
 movies to entertain or
amazing books
amazing  books to read. Ultimately, the society as we
 12.
Should you
download illegally?
You and I may have downloaded movies, music and
books online without paying a single penny. What it's
called in academic language is 
is  copyright infringment
(64),, which indicates we are violating the copyright
(64)
law. Movies, music and books are called intellectual (64) violate copyright law
(65) Music, movies, books
property (65) and
(65) and if we use them without the express of others
permission (66) from
(66) from the creators. We can be fined (66) open permission
and even imprisoned for that.

However, it is safe to say (67) the likelihood of you (67) ~easy but important
(68) the chance of getting
getting caught is very slim (68).
(68). That is why people caught is small
are abusing it and download other's intellectual
property without
property  without even considering any ethical issues
(69) issue on ethics
(69).. That's why corporations are trying to impart
(69)
strong morals to
morals to Internet citizens and make them
aware and thus pay their money. Without the
existence of profits,
profits, they would not be motivated to
create and invent. You and I, as a result (70),
(70), would (70) ~ easy but important
not have any awesome
awesome movies
 movies to entertain or
amazing books
amazing  books to read. Ultimately, the society as we
know it would inevitably (71) come
(71) come to an end. That's (71) will happen no matter
serious, isn't it? what

But don't worry. It would never happen in any period

of time down the road (72).
(72). Just a message for you to (72) in the future
consider your morals before you embark on (73) (73) Start to do something
downloading any intellectual property.
property. You might
never get caught. But is it ethically acceptable (74) to (74) Ethical
do? It's all up to you to decide, my friend.
 Tip!
Ethically acceptable, professionally
acceptable, economically acceptable,
financially acceptable
 You can utilize adverb to give the word "acceptable" more specific and
relevant detail to the essay.

13.
is Global
Warming real?
We hear about global warming on a daily basis. basis. Let's
face it,
it, our comfort has a lot to do with the
temperature. There is sufficient evidence to infer that (75) we should conclude
(75) those living in a country with hot temperature are that
more likely to
likely to express anger than those living in cooler
regions. But is global warming a real issue? Surprisingly
enough, some says it is, I bet you do. But many people
do not believe in the concept of global warming. Yes,
believe it or not, a
not, a lot of people refuse to believe in
that. They are skeptics (76).
(76). It's hard to convince a (76) people who are hard
skeptic.. They are not easy to believe in anything.
skeptic to be convinced

There are many reasons behind the skepticism

skepticism.. It
might be personal experience. You don't believe in
climate change because you don't feel any change yet.
It might be you think news and reports nowadays are
biased (77) so
(77) so cannot be trusted. It might simply be (77) unfairly prejudiced
you don't care whether or not it's real because you
don't have control anyway.
 13.
is Global
Warming real?
We hear about global warming on a daily basis. basis. Let's
face it,
it, our comfort has a lot to do with the
temperature. There is sufficient evidence to infer that (75) we should conclude
(75) those living in a country with hot temperature are that
more likely to
likely to express anger than those living in cooler
regions. But is global warming a real issue? Surprisingly
enough, some says it is, I bet you do. But many people
do not believe in the concept of global warming. Yes,
believe it or not, a
not, a lot of people refuse to believe in
that. They are skeptics (76).
(76). It's hard to convince a (76) people who are hard
skeptic.. They are not easy to believe in anything.
skeptic to be convinced

There are many reasons behind the skepticism

skepticism.. It
might be personal experience. You don't believe in
climate change because you don't feel any change yet.
It might be you think news and reports nowadays are
biased (77) so
(77) so cannot be trusted. It might simply be (77) unfairly prejudiced
you don't care whether or not it's real because you
don't have control anyway.

Statistically speaking (78),

(78), global warming or climate (78) based on statistics or
change is a real phenomenon (79) and
(79) and should not be numbers
taken lightly.
lightly. Learning about it is vitally important to
our daily lives since they are closely related (80).
(80). We, (80) easy but important
as modern citizens, can simply take steps to create a
healthier living environment by growing trees, saving
energy, and educating other people to reduce
skepticism..
skepticism
 Biased   Objective
information is bad Information is
distorted, not reliable objective, accurately
or biased represented, &
reliable

14.
Quick Grammar
Grammar
#3
Conditional sentence Type 2 is slightly more
complicated, for beginners. It implies imaginary
contexts.. These are not real.
contexts

If I won
won $1
 $1 million dollars, I would
would buy
 buy a car
If I were
were you,
 you, I would
would   marry her.
If you were
were   my puppy, I would
would love
 love you forever.

Again, these are not real. Therefore, they belong to

type 2. As simple as that.
that. It's safe to say you have
(81) it's likely that
definitely read about conditional sentences
somewhere else. If it sounds complex to you, chances
are (81) that book is bullshit. Why? Because it should
have been very easy.

Type 3 is slightly more complicated than type 2, but

still not more than a piece of cake. It implies
implies   things
you did in the past and
past and you wish to change
change it
 it or you
simply regret
regret.. For example,
 14.
Quick Grammar
Grammar
#3
Conditional sentence Type 2 is slightly more
complicated, for beginners. It implies imaginary
contexts.. These are not real.
contexts

If I won
won $1
 $1 million dollars, I would
would buy
 buy a car
If I were
were you,
 you, I would
would   marry her.
If you were
were   my puppy, I would
would love
 love you forever.

Again, these are not real. Therefore, they belong to

type 2. As simple as that.
that. It's safe to say you have
(81) it's likely that
definitely read about conditional sentences
somewhere else. If it sounds complex to you, chances
are (81) that book is bullshit. Why? Because it should
have been very easy.

Type 3 is slightly more complicated than type 2, but

still not more than a piece of cake. It implies
implies   things
you did in the past and
past and you wish to change
change it
 it or you
simply regret
regret.. For example,

If I had done the homework, I would have aced the

exam. If I had proposed Lady
proposed Lady Gaga, I would have
been her
been  her husband. If it had rained yesterday, we
couldn't have had a chance to
chance  to catch a movie.

You mean present and real? Go for type 1.

You mean imaginary stuff? Go for type 2.
You want to change the past? Go for type 3.

 Just put in a little practice, you will soon see a

difference in your learning progress.
 15.
Hack Your
Writing Idea
There is also a side benefit of reading this book. I'm
not only incorporating
incorporating useful
 useful academic vocab to my
writing, but also actually teaching you some killer
killer tips
 tips
you can apply to your IELTS. Here's the tip.

Every writing can involve 'the governments' and 'the

environment'. Whether you get to write about food,
the universe, tourism or puppies, there is always room
for (82) the
(82) the governments and the environment. (82) easy and you know it

Whenever you are stuck, don't forget the

governments and the environment.
environment. Give me any
examples. Should smoking be banned? Okay, too easy.
Another one. Should history course be mandatory (83) required, compulsory
(83)?? The governments will decide if it's mandatory or
(83)
not. So it involves the governments. The environment
is affected because we can acknowledge (84) the (84) accept, understand
climate change over time and act accordingly (85) for and admit
the future. As can be observed (86),
(86), the likelihood that (85) act as a result of 
something
they will appear in your writing is quite high so you (86) easy and you know it
can clearly take advantage of (87) them,
(87) them, irrespective (87) use , take chance to
of topics,
topics, without compromising
compromising the
 the mark. Time is use it
(88) good phrase to know
scarce (88) and
(88) and this simple hack will save you a great
deal of time wandering around to find ideas.

When it comes to (89) essay,

(89) essay, just remember the (89) when talking about
governments and the environment are our best
friends.
  As we can see
As can be seen OR
As can be observed

16.
Why is it the
'governments'
'government s'?
?
Why? I'm glad you ask. Because it implies
implies your
 your
knowledgeability. When it comes to  to  'the governments',
there are a
are a myriad of government
of government bodies (90)
administering (91) a variety of (92) economic and (90)government
'organization' in general
societal activities (93).
(93). Okay, vitally important (91) manage/take care of 
activities. Are you happy? LOL. (92) many /different
(93)easy but important
In Canada, there are three levels of governments,
which are federal, provincial and municipal (94).
(94). They
carry out different policies (95) and render different (94) related to city
services that
services  that are closely related to
related to the citizens. (95) implement policies

There are also government agencies (96) from

(96) from the
U.S. such as the FBI, CIA, IRS, NSA, NASA and so on. (96) specific organizations
They serve their own distinct and specialized functions belong to the governments
(97) do their job
(97).. To be able to work there, you need to reach a
(97)
certain level (98) of intelligence and expertise
expertise because
 because (98) get to a level
 16.
Why is it the
'governments'
'government s'?
?
Why? I'm glad you ask. Because it implies
implies your
 your
knowledgeability. When it comes to  to  'the governments',
there are a
are a myriad of government
of government bodies (90)
administering (91) a variety of (92) economic and (90)government
'organization' in general
societal activities (93).
(93). Okay, vitally important (91) manage/take care of 
activities. Are you happy? LOL. (92) many /different
(93)easy but important
In Canada, there are three levels of governments,
which are federal, provincial and municipal (94).
(94). They
carry out different policies (95) and render different (94) related to city
services that
services  that are closely related to
related to the citizens. (95) implement policies

There are also government agencies (96) from

(96) from the
U.S. such as the FBI, CIA, IRS, NSA, NASA and so on. (96) specific organizations
They serve their own distinct and specialized functions belong to the governments
(97) do their job
(97).. To be able to work there, you need to reach a
(97)
certain level (98) of intelligence and expertise
expertise because
 because (98) get to a level
the job requirement is 
is  excessively demanding (99).
(99).
But that doesn't mean you can't if you really want to (99) very tough
because the likelihood of getting a job there is just
slim, not
  not zero. Therefore, if you want to, you should
embark on studying English now because it's definitely
a necessity for
necessity for your success, irrespective of what field
you are pursuing.

So now you know the governments are not as simple

as it sounds. It's
sounds. It's actually much broader than one can
expect (100). (100) than you think
 do their jobs
serve their functions

17.
Should you pay
taxes?
Do you like to pay taxes? No, of course. But do you
like to receive social welfare (101)?
(101)? The answer is
Yes.

But where does social welfare come

welfare come from? It comes
from your money, and mine as well. Yeah, nothing is
FREE, I know. Taxes are levied (or) imposed (102) on
(102) required, forced to
each and every one of us if we earn income, known as pay
personal income tax. Taxes are also levied on
corporations, known as corporate income tax. There
are also sales taxes (or VAT in Vietnam). It means, we
as customers have to pay extra money as sales tax (or
VAT) when we purchase certain classes of goods
(103) goods and services
and/or services (103) in
(103) in the marketplace. - they go together like
a couple
(104), without the existence of  (104) in theory
Theoretically speaking (104),
taxes, we cannot enjoy social welfare such as social
benefits, health care, public transit (105),
(105), police, military
& defense, etc. Taxation is a complicated matter (106)
 17.
Should you pay
taxes?
Do you like to pay taxes? No, of course. But do you
like to receive social welfare (101)?
(101)? The answer is
Yes.

But where does social welfare come

welfare come from? It comes
from your money, and mine as well. Yeah, nothing is
FREE, I know. Taxes are levied (or) imposed (102) on
(102) required, forced to
each and every one of us if we earn income, known as pay
personal income tax. Taxes are also levied on
corporations, known as corporate income tax. There
are also sales taxes (or VAT in Vietnam). It means, we
as customers have to pay extra money as sales tax (or
VAT) when we purchase certain classes of goods
(103) goods and services
and/or services (103) in
(103) in the marketplace. - they go together like
a couple
(104), without the existence of  (104) in theory
Theoretically speaking (104),
taxes, we cannot enjoy social welfare such as social
benefits, health care, public transit (105),
(105), police, military
& defense, etc. Taxation is a complicated matter (106) (105) public transportation
for ordinary citizens (107) like
(107) like us. You only need to (106) a complicated thing
understand that the governments impose  different tax (107) normal people
impose different
rates to different income groups. People with higher
income are imposed
imposed with
 with higher tax and vice versa.
Does it make sense to you?

You can avoid tax but do not evade tax. Tax

avoidance (108) is
(108) is a legal way to reduce tax liability (108) techniques to reduce
tax
(109).. Tax evasion (110) is
(109) (110) is a crime, which means you (109) the amount of tax
don't pay the amount of taxes that you are supposed you have to pay
to pay. (110) Like you hide the
money away to trick the
governments so you pay
 buy things
purchase goods or
services

(more details)

18.
How to Review
All these Vocab?
If you have reach this far, then congratulations! You
have learned 110th academic vocab in this book. But
you might be wondering how to better remember all
these?

I would recommend against (111) using vocab list or (111) don't recommend
note taking. Why? Because they don't have any
context associated with these vocabulary. Vocab list is
so arbitrary (112).
(112). I would recommend that you read (112) random, aimless
the book over and over again. That way, you
way, you will be
able to familiarize yourself with the
with the vocab and the
context associated with it. This method will
further implant firmly (113) all
(113) all the meanings into your
(113) embed, put strongly
mind so they all make sense to you and you can onto
actually understand it and use it. From now on, you
should get into habit of doing that so I can do the
impartation job
impartation  job more easily.

I'm not excessively demanding but

demanding but I wish you would
 18.
How to Review
All these Vocab?
If you have reach this far, then congratulations! You
have learned 110th academic vocab in this book. But
you might be wondering how to better remember all
these?

I would recommend against (111) using vocab list or (111) don't recommend
note taking. Why? Because they don't have any
context associated with these vocabulary. Vocab list is
so arbitrary (112).
(112). I would recommend that you read (112) random, aimless
the book over and over again. That way, you
way, you will be
able to familiarize yourself with the
with the vocab and the
context associated with it. This method will
further implant firmly (113) all
(113) all the meanings into your
(113) embed, put strongly
mind so they all make sense to you and you can onto
actually understand it and use it. From now on, you
should get into habit of doing that so I can do the
impartation job
impartation  job more easily.

I'm not excessively demanding but

demanding but I wish you would
come out and say you are happy 100% with this
book. HAHA. My goal is to maximize customer (114) maximize customer
satisfaction (114).
(114). You're satisfied. I'm satisfied. I'm happiness
this phrase is useful
trying to create value to the society and
society and I hope you
can greatly benefit from that. This is definitely an
indication of
indication  of a healthy relationship (115).
(115). (115) good relationship

Believe it or not,
not, my level of enthusiasm heavily relies
on your demand and your love for my products. I love
you for everything you do and say to me. Paper is
scarce. See you next round.
Arbitrary   Logical
351352314812309 123456789
is an arbitrary array of  is a logical array of 
numbers. There is numbers.
absolutely no logic.

19.
Should You
Have Pets?
What an expensive question!

Yet, very entertaining! The first word comes to my

head when it comes to pet is always companionship
(116).. Pets like dogs are companion animals,
(116) animals, bestowing(116) friendship (commonl
a lot of benefits (117) up
(117) up on their owners and also associated with pets
causing a myriad of problems. Raising a pet might look (117) offers benefit
easy at first but it actually involves a great deal of  (118) important phrase
responsibility (118).
(118). But statistically speaking,
speaking, it seems
people having pets are more likely to be happier than
those who do not. Based on this fact (119),(119), I guess (119) important phrase
you might consider adopting a pet (120) for
(120) for your (120) buy a pet
own. However, you may need to think twice (121) (121) think carefully
because as I mentioned, coupled with benefits lie (122) fancy phrase
hidden problems (122).

Pet accessories (123) and

(123) and food may cost more than (123) things that can be
one can expect.
expect. Also of importance (124),
(124), hygienic added to pets
(125) and cleaning need to be taken into account. (124) Also importantly
care (125) and
 19.
Should You
Have Pets?
What an expensive question!

Yet, very entertaining! The first word comes to my

head when it comes to pet is always companionship
(116).. Pets like dogs are companion animals,
(116) animals, bestowing(116) friendship (commonl
a lot of benefits (117) up
(117) up on their owners and also associated with pets
causing a myriad of problems. Raising a pet might look (117) offers benefit
easy at first but it actually involves a great deal of  (118) important phrase
responsibility (118).
(118). But statistically speaking,
speaking, it seems
people having pets are more likely to be happier than
those who do not. Based on this fact (119),(119), I guess (119) important phrase
you might consider adopting a pet (120) for
(120) for your (120) buy a pet
own. However, you may need to think twice (121) (121) think carefully
because as I mentioned, coupled with benefits lie (122) fancy phrase
hidden problems (122).

Pet accessories (123) and

(123) and food may cost more than (123) things that can be
one can expect.
expect. Also of importance (124),
(124), hygienic added to pets
(125) and cleaning need to be taken into account. (124)
care (125) and Also importantly
(125) Cleaning and stuff 
Of course, if you have money but no time, dog (126) service making dogs
grooming service (126) 
(126)  might be an ideal solution look more beautiful
(127).. When it comes to food, raw or undercooked
(127) (127) good solution
pet food might pose potential health risks (128) to (128) bring some risks
your pet so should not be taken lightly.
lightly.

Overall, pets can give you great love and affection (129) useful when you use
(130), which make with pet-related topics
(129)   by their playful personalities (130),
(129)
(130) same as above
you happy. Just be aware that problems won't
automatically go away when the time comes.
Key words for pets
responsibility,
responsibility, hygienic care, dog
grooming service, playful personalities,
companionship,
companionship, love and affection

20.
What You Eat May
Either Make
or Break You
In today fast-paced life, are
life, are you aware of what you
eat everyday? If you are, then good for you. If you
aren't, then shame on you. HAHA.

In fact, the good news is following a healthy eating

habit is
habit is not as difficult as it sounds.
sounds. There is a
misconception that
misconception that eating healthy compromises the
taste, significantly. However, it is
it is not necessarily true
since we get accustomed to the to the taste over time.
(131) eating plan
Salt and sugar are always the enemies of any healthy (132) very useful phrase
dietary plans (131).
(131). Salt increases the risk (132) of a
myriad of  diseases,
  diseases, such as high blood pressure. Sugar (133) has a connection with
is linked to (133) 
(133)  heart diseases, obesity and diebetes. (134) put your health in
Too much salt and sugar can put your health in danger
 jeopardy
 jeop ardy (134) and
(134) and even cause death. Therefore, it is (135) good phrase
vitally important that
important that we need to track our sugar or
salt consumption (135) to
(135) to ensure it is at the acceptable
levels.
 20.
What You Eat May
Either Make
or Break You
In today fast-paced life, are
life, are you aware of what you
eat everyday? If you are, then good for you. If you
aren't, then shame on you. HAHA.

In fact, the good news is following a healthy eating

habit is
habit is not as difficult as it sounds.
sounds. There is a
misconception that
misconception that eating healthy compromises the
taste, significantly. However, it is
it is not necessarily true
since we get accustomed to the to the taste over time.
(131) eating plan
Salt and sugar are always the enemies of any healthy (132) very useful phrase
dietary plans (131).
(131). Salt increases the risk (132) of a
myriad of  diseases,
  diseases, such as high blood pressure. Sugar (133) has a connection with
is linked to (133) 
(133)  heart diseases, obesity and diebetes. (134) put your health in
Too much salt and sugar can put your health in danger
 jeopardy
 jeop ardy (134) and
(134) and even cause death. Therefore, it is (135) good phrase
vitally important that
important that we need to track our sugar or
salt consumption (135) to
(135) to ensure it is at the acceptable
levels. (136) good phrase, it mean
food that has only 1
Whole food (136),
(136), such as vegetables, meats, eggs, ingredient
beans, seeds, milk are favored by nutritional scientists (137) the opposite of whole
food, this is food that has
compared to processed food (137) like
(137) like canned food, been processed with a
burgers or donuts. Nutrient-dense food like nuts, bunch of ingredients
(138) prevent
seeds or herbs are believed to guard against (138) (139) food that has similar
many diseases. These are also considered meat characteristics as meat
alternatives (139) because of the richness in protein.
(140) shop for groceries
All in all, healthy eating is the backbone of a good life. (141) common phrase
Whenever you do the grocery shopping (140), (140) , don't
forget to read food labels (141)
processed whole
food food
food that are processed fish, meat, fruits,
with tons of other veggies. They are
ingredients whole food. No other
ingredients.

Before

Making it formal by
giving it considerable
details and boredom
Before

Making it formal by
giving it considerable
details and boredom

 After

Academic Vocabulary
For Those Who Hate Spending Too Much Time
On Bullsh*t IELTS books
 I'm
watching
you :-|
 21.
Globalization
is Worth it!
What do you think about globalization? You might
have heard enough about all the great things of 
globalization. But there's lousy aspects as well, more on
that later. This topic will focus on why globalization is
worth it. (150) encourage, ~develop

First, globalization has
globalization has a lot to do with
(142) different cultures
promoting (150) cultural intermingling (142). That
(142). That is, mix together
people from different parts of the world mingle (143) (143) mix together
together, creating what it's called, cultural diversity (144) a range of different
culture
(144).. Thanks to (145) globalization,
(144) (145) globalization, we can live in a (145) ~because of 
society where anyone of us can have opportunities to globalization
learn more about other cultures without traveling
aboard. By mingling
mingling with
 with one another, we tend to
tolerate each other's differences (146) and
(146) and thereby (146) accept differences
form an egalitarian society (147) where
(147) where all people are (147) a society where all
people are treated equally
treated equally.

Also of importance, globalization
importance, globalization faciliates
communication worldwide, thereby increasing the
flows of information. This helps businesses operate in a
much efficient manner as they are fed with timely (148) make informed
information to make less arbitrary decisions (148).
(148). decisions

In addition, globalization facilitates

facilitates   competition
between countries and as a result reduces prices.
Needless to say, lower prices greatly benefit
(149) Academic phrase
consumers including us. Low-income people (149) implying 'poor people'
will finally have access to goods and services that
would not have been available to them without the
existence of  globalization.
  globalization.
 Tip!
"promote" is a good cause-effect verb and so
should be used more extensively in IELTS
IE LTS

22.
Globalization
Globalization in
The Eyes
of Opponents
Although the benefits of globalization appear very
pronounced (150),
(150), not everyone agrees globalization (150) big, serious,
offers net positive benefit (151).
(151). In the eyes of  impactful
opponents, globalization can also be fraught with (151) benefits greater than
disadvantages
pitfalls (152).
(152). (152) full of disadvantages

First, a number of developed countries have witnessed

 job loss oversea (153)
(153),, also known as offshore (153) useful phrase
outsourcing (154).
(154). This real phenomenon can
phenomenon can be (154) same meaning as 153
(155) a big difference
explained by looking at the wide discrepancy (155) in
wages between developed and developing nations.
For example, corporations like Apple have shifted
millions of jobs oversea in an attempt to (156) reduce
(156) reduce (156) in hopes of, in trying
costs of production, making millions of American to
workers suffer.

Opponents also believe globalization largely

contributes (157) to income inequality (158), (157) ~cause (not exact
(158), whereby meaning but yeah)
the rich get much richer and the poor can't get (158) big difference in
 22.
Globalization
Globalization in
The Eyes
of Opponents
Although the benefits of globalization appear very
pronounced (150),
(150), not everyone agrees globalization (150) big, serious,
offers net positive benefit (151).
(151). In the eyes of  impactful
opponents, globalization can also be fraught with (151) benefits greater than
disadvantages
pitfalls (152).
(152). (152) full of disadvantages

First, a number of developed countries have witnessed

 job loss oversea (153)
(153),, also known as offshore (153) useful phrase
outsourcing (154).
(154). This real phenomenon can
phenomenon can be (154) same meaning as 153
(155) a big difference
explained by looking at the wide discrepancy (155) in
wages between developed and developing nations.
For example, corporations like Apple have shifted
millions of jobs oversea in an attempt to (156) reduce
(156) reduce (156) in hopes of, in trying
costs of production, making millions of American to
workers suffer.

Opponents also believe globalization largely

contributes (157) to income inequality (158), (157) ~cause (not exact
(158), whereby meaning but yeah)
the rich get much richer and the poor can't get (158) big difference in
ahead. This discrepancy in income poses many income between different
potential problems (160) to the economy. A myriad of classes of society
(160) create problems
policies have been carried out to narrow the gap (159) (159) make the gap
but they do not seem to work as well as expected less wide
thus far.

Globalization can also pose

also pose problems (160) like
(161) as traveling is now (161) good phrase to know
spreading infectious diseases (161) as
a lot more frequent than before. In addition,
corporations have opportunities to get around rules
(162) bend rules, try to
and regulations (162) as
(162) as they can choose which not follow the rules in a
countries to operate in. (not enough paper to write the legal way
conclusion. HAHA)
 Tip!
"contribute to" is a good cause-effect verb and
so should be used more extensively in IELTS.
Contribution to + noun or V-ing. Be careful!

23.
Relax!!!
Maybe the last 21 22 have been too serious to you?
HAHA. For beginners, it might be an issue. For hard-
core learners, it might be a big turn-on. Either way,
you don't have to digest those vocab at once. Just
relax. This book is yours and you can read as many
times as you wish. Because your success heavily relies
on repetition.

A high degree of  repetition

  repetition will make a difference in
your proficiency in using those vocab. A high degree
of repetition will
repetition will make everything possible.
possible. A high
degree of repetition is
repetition is not as easy as it sounds. A high
degree of repetition bestows a myriad of benefits
upon you.
upon  you. A high degree of repetition implants firmly
all the toughest vocab into your head with ease. A
high degree of repetition is mandatory
mandatory.. A high degree
of repetition is
repetition is not a complicated matter,
matter, but it is a
serious matter.
matter. A high degree of repetition offers a
myriad of ideal solutions 
solutions  to successful essay writing. A
high degree of repetition acknowledge
repetition acknowledge the fact that
practice is key and is vitally important and
important and is not
supposed to be taken lightly. A high degree of 
repetition involves a great deal of responsibility. When
 23.
Relax!!!
Maybe the last 21 22 have been too serious to you?
HAHA. For beginners, it might be an issue. For hard-
core learners, it might be a big turn-on. Either way,
you don't have to digest those vocab at once. Just
relax. This book is yours and you can read as many
times as you wish. Because your success heavily relies
on repetition.

A high degree of  repetition

  repetition will make a difference in
your proficiency in using those vocab. A high degree
of repetition will
repetition will make everything possible.
possible. A high
degree of repetition is
repetition is not as easy as it sounds. A high
degree of repetition bestows a myriad of benefits
upon you.
upon  you. A high degree of repetition implants firmly
all the toughest vocab into your head with ease. A
high degree of repetition is mandatory
mandatory.. A high degree
of repetition is
repetition is not a complicated matter,
matter, but it is a
serious matter.
matter. A high degree of repetition offers a
myriad of ideal solutions 
solutions  to successful essay writing. A
high degree of repetition acknowledge
repetition acknowledge the fact that
practice is key and is vitally important and
important and is not
supposed to be taken lightly. A high degree of 
repetition involves a great deal of responsibility. When
it comes to a high degree of   repetition, even skeptics
acknowledge its
acknowledge  its usefulness. When it comes to a high
degree of repetition,
repetition, you have just reviewed a myriad
of vocab like right now in almost no time.

All what I can tell you is, relax. Don't get stressed too
much just yet. Because... MORE ARE COMING!!!
 24.
Quick Grammar
#4
Welcome back to Quick Grammar section, whereby
you can get your grammar fixed before you embark
yourself on real
on real IELTS exam. Here's the fix.

Always use the short form of relative clause if you're

able to.

For example.

The boy who stands in front of me is gay => this is

not wrong but doesn't sound very good

You should instead use the short form.

=>The boy standing
standing in
 in front of me is gay.

The girl who I likes just got married

=> The girl I likes just got married

It doesn't seem like a big change but think about it

though. Very complex and long essays are packed
with (163) information
(163) information while they are expected to
remain concise. If you don't use short form, there will
be a myriad of unnecessary redundancy.

Therefore, the use of short form is imperative (164).

(164). (163) contains a lot of 
(164) very important
very crucial
 It's very
important to
it is imperative to

25.
Death Penalty
Criminal punishment is a indispensable way to deter
the committment of crimes (165).
(165). However, whether (165) prevent crimes
capital punishment (166) should be practiced by the from happening
(166) same as death
society remains a highly controverisal issue (167). penalty
What is your thought on that? Okay, I know it's hard (167)
to say. That's why it's a highly controversial issue.

It should be acknowledged
acknowledged that
 that capital punishment is
(173) as the governments don't (173) low cost but effective
very cost-effective (173) as
have to provide food and 'accommodation' to
criminals for the rest of their lives in prison. Also very
imperative is
imperative  is the fact that capital punishment proves
the law system is strong enough to deter crimes. That
way, innocent
way,  innocent citizens like us can feel safe walking
around the city at night without worrying we are
surrounded by a
by a myriad of imminent
of imminent threats (174) that
(174) that (174) threats that are
could happen any moment. about to happen

Opponents, on the other hand, offer much benevolent (168) kind-hearted

(168) thoughts
(168) thoughts on capital punishment, saying it is a (169) good phrase
unethical and evil way (169) to deter crimes.
crimes. Clearly,
Buddism doesn't support death penalty. There's also
some alternatives to capital punishment such
punishment such as
 25.
Death Penalty
Criminal punishment is a indispensable way to deter
the committment of crimes (165).
(165). However, whether (165) prevent crimes
capital punishment (166) should be practiced by the from happening
(166) same as death
society remains a highly controverisal issue (167). penalty
What is your thought on that? Okay, I know it's hard (167)
to say. That's why it's a highly controversial issue.

It should be acknowledged
acknowledged that
 that capital punishment is
(173) as the governments don't (173) low cost but effective
very cost-effective (173) as
have to provide food and 'accommodation' to
criminals for the rest of their lives in prison. Also very
imperative is
imperative  is the fact that capital punishment proves
the law system is strong enough to deter crimes. That
way, innocent
way,  innocent citizens like us can feel safe walking
around the city at night without worrying we are
surrounded by a
by a myriad of imminent
of imminent threats (174) that
(174) that (174) threats that are
could happen any moment. about to happen

Opponents, on the other hand, offer much benevolent (168) kind-hearted

(168) thoughts
(168)  thoughts on capital punishment, saying it is a (169) good phrase
unethical and evil way (169) to deter crimes.
crimes. Clearly,
Buddism doesn't support death penalty. There's also
some alternatives to capital punishment such
punishment such as
providing education or therapy in an attempt to give
to give
the criminal a chance to start a new life. Theoretically (170) good phrase
speaking,, they may work but the costs to implement
speaking (171) too high to implement
(170) can
(170)  can be prohibitively high (171).
(171).

Whether capital punishment should or should not

remain legal depends heavily on
heavily on the view of a
particular society. However, it's safe to say the
(172) in order (172) balance yeo
governments need to strike a balance (172) in
to ensure that illegal activities are detered in
detered in ways that
the society would accept.
 26.
Drug Legalization
Whether drugs should be legalized remains a highly
controversial issue.
issue. Do you think drug legalization will
offer net positive benefit if it comes into play (173)?
(173)? (173) come into effect
come into action
It should be acknowledged
acknowledged that
 that drug trafficking (174) (174) drug trade
is one of the most lucrative underground businesses (178) illegal businesses
that make a lot of money
(178) in
(178)  in the world. Best of all, drug traffickers don't
traffickers don't
have to pay a single penny of taxes to the
governments. How amazing! Therefore, it becomes (175)
clear (175) if drug legalization comes
legalization comes into play, the
governments could collect a huge amount of money in
tax revenue.

But what's in it for us? Drug legalization would also be

fraught with pitfalls.
pitfalls. People under the influence of 
drugs, especially certain substances involving
(176), are significantly more likely (176) drugs that affect
psychoactive drugs (176),
the mind
to commit crimes as
crimes as they lack capacity to control their
behavior. Obviously, drug consumption is linked to
crime rates so this cannot be taken lightly.
lightly.

Another inevitable
inevitable pitfall
 pitfall of drug is that it decreases
work productivity in the long run. Drug consumption
will inevitably
inevitably leads
 leads to drug addiction (177).
(177). Once (177)
addicted, without the consumption of drugs, the addict
cannot work and think properly as usual.

How the governments can strike the balance between

benefits and drawbacks has remained a long-debated
topic. Time will tell if drug legalization results in net
positive benefit to
benefit to the society as a whole.
 it is clear that
Try to minimize the
use of "that" to reduce
redundancy

27.
Mainstream
Media
Mainstream media (178) and
(178) and alternative media (179) (178) traditional and
are both media but in two different forms. More on offcial media
alternative media later, this topic will focus your as we've seen on TV or
attention on mainstream media. official news companies
(179) media that don't
come from official sources
We are fed with the information (180) from
(180) from various
(180) provided with the
sources on a daily basis.
basis. One of the major source is info
mainstream media including traditional television or
news. VnExpress, DanTri, Kenh14, and VTV are prime
(181) a very good example
examples (181) of
(181) of mainstream media. Yes, they feed
they feed
readers and audience with a great deal of information
about events happening around us. Nevertheless,
whether the information is highly credible (182),
(182), (182) very trustful
reflecting the true reality, remains questionable in the
eyes of many media skeptics
skeptics,, myself included.

Skeptics never trust anything, I know. But the media

Skeptics never
nowadays is highly manipulative (183).
(183). Mainstream (183) have the intention
to control your thoughts
media is able to control the sentiments (184) of
(184) of the (184) the positive or
entire society by disseminating information (185) it negative view about any-
thing
 27.
Mainstream
Media
Mainstream media (178) and
(178) and alternative media (179) (178) traditional and
are both media but in two different forms. More on offcial media
alternative media later, this topic will focus your as we've seen on TV or
attention on mainstream media. official news companies
(179) media that don't
come from official sources
We are fed with the information (180) from
(180) from various
(180) provided with the
sources on a daily basis.
basis. One of the major source is info
mainstream media including traditional television or
news. VnExpress, DanTri, Kenh14, and VTV are prime
(181) a very good example
examples (181) of
(181) of mainstream media. Yes, they feed
they feed
readers and audience with a great deal of information
about events happening around us. Nevertheless,
whether the information is highly credible (182),
(182), (182) very trustful
reflecting the true reality, remains questionable in the
eyes of many media skeptics
skeptics,, myself included.

Skeptics never trust anything, I know. But the media

Skeptics never
nowadays is highly manipulative (183).
(183). Mainstream (183) have the intention
to control your thoughts
media is able to control the sentiments (184) of
(184) of the (184) the positive or
entire society by disseminating information (185) it negative view about any-
crafts for various hidden purposes. In any societies, thing
(185) spread or distribute
whoever controls the media, which also means the information
controls the information, has the most power. In other
words, news providing companies are more powerful
than one can expect.
expect. You may be laughing at your
Chinese fellows as they are controlled by the
government-owned media. But look at us, look at all
sorts of people around us. Aren't we thinking and
acting basically the same way?
(186) don't easily believe
Therefore, one should keep a skeptical mindset (186) in anything
as when it comes to to  information from mainstream
media,
media, it's likel
likel not free of bias
 Manipulating
info
(to influence
public perception)  Disseminating
Collecting info
info (communicate
(from sources) the info to the
public)

28.
Alternative
Media?
Alternative media does
media does not come from any official
sources and usually does not have high operating
budget like mainstream media.
media. In Vietnam, it's hard to
find any pure alternative media since
media since the media is
controlled by the governments. Different viewpoints
may result in prosecution by the governments. One
wouldn't dare to express his or her thoughts that
challenge the goverments' point of view (187) (187) disagree

In numerous developed nations, alternative media

appears much more prevalent. Many of them are
committed to catering
to catering news (191) that
(191) that reflects the (191) providing news
truth since many people have lost faith (188) in
(188) in the (188) Don't trust anymore
credibility of mainstream media.
media. Alternative media
exists to narrow the gap between the
between the truth and the
fake one, supposedly told by mainstream media.

As mentioned, alternative media is

media is not funded by the
governments, therefore it has to find funding
find funding sources (189) money sources to
fund businesses
(189) from
(189) from corporations, mostly in the sponsorship
 28.
Alternative
Media?
Alternative media does
media does not come from any official
sources and usually does not have high operating
budget like mainstream media.
media. In Vietnam, it's hard to
find any pure alternative media since
media since the media is
controlled by the governments. Different viewpoints
may result in prosecution by the governments. One
wouldn't dare to express his or her thoughts that
challenge the goverments' point of view (187) (187) disagree

In numerous developed nations, alternative media

appears much more prevalent. Many of them are
committed to catering
to catering news (191) that
(191) that reflects the (191) providing news
truth since many people have lost faith (188) in
(188) in the (188) Don't trust anymore
credibility of mainstream media.
media. Alternative media
exists to narrow the gap between the
between the truth and the
fake one, supposedly told by mainstream media.

As mentioned, alternative media is

media is not funded by the
governments, therefore it has to find funding
find funding sources (189) money sources to
fund businesses
(189) from
(189)  from corporations, mostly in the sponsorship
form, wherein corporations can display their brand
names whenever the news is broadcasting (190).
(190). (190) broadcasting news
to everybody
- good phrase
But that doesn't mean alternative media is
media is completely
free of bias
bias.. They can formulate fake news (194) as (194) create fake news
(195) follow their purpose
well to control the society's sentiments to serve their
purpose (195) 
(195)  just like mainstream media.

All in all, it's safe to say alternative media has less bias
than the mainstream counterpart (192) since many of  (192) one
them are committed to revealing the truth to engage (193) main purpose
audience as their primary
their primary purpose (193).
(193).
 29.
Extraterrestrial
Life 1
Do you believe in life beyond our solar system?
(194). Although we haven't had any (194) alien life
Extraterrestrial life (194).
(195) very convincing
solid evidence (195) about
(195) about their existence, many still evidence
believe extraterrestrial life actually exist. Let's discuss
further.

One thing that needs to be taken into consideration (196) take a look or take
(196) is
(196)  is that the distances between stars and galaxies into account or consider
(197) civilizations that
are so vast. Even if there's extraterrestrial civilizations are not originated from
(197),, the likelihood that they will contact us is
(197) Earth
extremely slim.
slim. The nearest star to our sun is 4 light
years away. It doesn't sound like a lot but let's say we
travel at the speed of Voyager I - the fastest
spacecraft ever created by humans, it would still take a
whopping 40,000 years to reach it. If you read the
news, there have been many exoplanets (198) that are (198) planets that are
believed to have favorable conditions (199) to harbor outside of our solar syste
(199) good conditions
lives (200) just
(200) just like Earth. The nearest one is 20 light (200) have lives
years away. Oh, just 20 years. No big deal. But again, if 
we travel at the fastest speed there is, it would take
more than 300,000 years to reach it.

I'm sorry to spill the beans, but given the brief life- (201) short life
span (201) of
(201) of the human race and vast distances
between stars and galaxies, we're not likely to meet
our extraterrestrial
extraterrestrial friends
 friends anytime soon. So if you are
a strong believer (202) in extraterestrial life,
life, watching (202) if you really believe
sci-fi movies could be an ideal solution to satiate your
(203) satisfy your
curiosity (203). curiosity
  Alien
extraterrestrial life

(sounds much better)

30.
Extraterrestrial
Life 2
But that is not the end of it. Chances are you might
have heard about some anomalies (204) in(204) in the news, (204) things that are not
normal (very strange)
either from mainstream or alternative media. media. There are
things that have not been deciphered (205) yet
(205) yet by (205) Solved, explained
science. Conspiracy theorists (206) are those who fill (206) those who propose
theories on unexplained
the gap by saying these anomalies
anomalies are
 are created by events
extraterrestrial civilizations 
civilizations  visiting us.

Crop circles are a prime example of

example of these anomalies
that we can actually see by eyes. Although there is not
enough evidence to conclude that
conclude that crop circles are a
form of extraterrestrial message to
message to us, the precision
and complexity of these crop circles are far beyond (207) We fail to under-
(207). There are hundreds if  stand
human's comprehension (207).
not thousands of them appearing in crops around the
world and we still don't know why and how.

Many people claimed they have come into contact (208) meet with or
(208) with
(208)  with aliens. Some even said they were deal with
kidnapped by ones. Whether these stories are fictious
 30.
Extraterrestrial
Life 2
But that is not the end of it. Chances are you might
have heard about some anomalies (204) in(204) in the news, (204) things that are not
normal (very strange)
either from mainstream or alternative media. media. There are
things that have not been deciphered (205) yet
(205) yet by (205) Solved, explained
science. Conspiracy theorists (206) are those who fill (206) those who propose
theories on unexplained
the gap by saying these anomalies
anomalies are
 are created by events
extraterrestrial civilizations 
civilizations  visiting us.

Crop circles are a prime example of

example of these anomalies
that we can actually see by eyes. Although there is not
enough evidence to conclude that
conclude that crop circles are a
form of extraterrestrial message to
message to us, the precision
and complexity of these crop circles are far beyond (207) We fail to under-
(207). There are hundreds if  stand
human's comprehension (207).
not thousands of them appearing in crops around the
world and we still don't know why and how.

Many people claimed they have come into contact (208) meet with or
(208) with
(208)  with aliens. Some even said they were deal with
kidnapped by ones. Whether these stories are fictious (209) fake
(209) or
(209)  or not remains a highly controverial issue.

Now it's your part. Do you think these anomolies are

simply hoaxes (210) created
(210) created pranksters? Or do you (210) pranks or deception
think these actually involve extraterrestrial life forms created by humans to
trick other people
who want to send us a message?

If the latter is true. I think the alien message would be

decoded as 'please study hard to pass the IELTS exam'
HAHAHAHA
ictitious Real
fake and not real authentic, genuine

Before

less sensitive ~ less

easily affected by
more conducive to ~
more easy or favorable
to
Regardless of -> more
specific
(these phrases are very
good way to disguise your
"showing off" while gving
incredible cause-effect
Before

less sensitive ~ less

easily affected by
more conducive to ~
more easy or favorable
to
Regardless of -> more
specific
(these phrases are very
good way to disguise your
"showing off" while gving
incredible cause-effect

 After

Academic Vocabulary
For Those Who Hate Spending Too Much Time
On Bullsh*t IELTS books
 31.
Abortion
This might be a good topic for you. But beware,
abortion is a very controversial topic given the
number of perspectives involved. So what? Let's jump
right in.

Whenever you discuss abortion with anyone, there are

two diverging views (223) you
(223) you need to know: Pro-
know: Pro- (223) two opposite views
(211) pro-life -> support
life and pro-choice (211).
(211). Pro-life
Pro-life people
 people support the the life of the unborn
life of the unborn (212),
(212), also known as human fetus Pro-choice -> support
(213).. They maintain that human fetus has
(213) fetus has the right to the choices of the mothers
(212) = (213) = the unborn
live just like a human being. Abortion is therefore child
considered malevolent (214) just
(214) just like murder,
murder, which is (214) evil and bad
the key argument (215) of pro-life
pro-life to
 to propose legal (215) main argument
(216) limit by law against
restrictions against (216) 
(216)  abortion.

Pro-choice, on the other hand, favor the reproduction

Pro-choice, (217) the choices of the
mothers on whether they
rights (217) of
(217) of the mothers. They maintain that it is want to give birth
inevitable for
inevitable  for women to have unintended pregnancies (219) easy but important
(219).. In addition, human fetus lacks the basis (223) to
(219) (223) is not qualified for
OR lack the basic criteria
be treated as a human being. They believe it should be
considered part of a woman's body and therefore, she
should have full legal rights to make her own maternal (220) the choices of the
choices (220) mothers

There is no exact answer to the question whether or

not abortion is legal or ethical since the arguments
from two sides are both valid to some degree.
degree. Pro-
choice favor
choice  favor the right of the living person whereas (221) deeply respect
pro-life uphold the reverence (221) for
(221) for any human life, (222) good noun to know
including the unborn. Lawmakers (222) will
(222) will be the
ones who make the final decision regarding the
legality of abortion.
 Tip!
Want a quick solution to a problem?
"The governments should
impose legal restrictions against"
This phrase can be used quite extensively

32.
Nuclear Power
Do you feel like I'm getting more and more serious
over time?. From school uniforms to death penalty,
from drug legalization to extraterrestrial life. And
life. And now
nuclear power. But aren't those what you paid for?
Sorry, let me rephrase that. Aren't those what you
happily paid for? HAHA.

When it comes to nuclear

to nuclear power, the word 'nuclear'
itself   carries some negative connotations (224).
(224). Much (224) negative feeling
is due to media portrayals (225).
(225). However, in the eyes on a particular idea
of scientists,
scientists, the word 'nuclear' carries both negative (225) how the media
tells the story and wants
and positive connotations, mainly
connotations, mainly positive. So it you to believe their ways
appears there are two diverging views regarding
views regarding the
nuclear power issue.

According to scientists, nuclear power is one of the

(226) energy sources
most sustainable energy sources (226)in
(226)in the planet  that can be used without
that significantly reduces carbon emissions (227),
(227), the worring about the future
primary cause (228) of
(228) of the greenhouse effect. Nuclear (227) the release of carbon
dioxide (CO2) to the envi-
power is believed to be highly beneficial if
beneficial if used for ronment
civilian purposes (229),
(229), but highly detrimental if
detrimental if used (228) main cause
for military ones. (229) not for military
purpose
 32.
Nuclear Power
Do you feel like I'm getting more and more serious
over time?. From school uniforms to death penalty,
from drug legalization to extraterrestrial life. And
life. And now
nuclear power. But aren't those what you paid for?
Sorry, let me rephrase that. Aren't those what you
happily paid for? HAHA.

When it comes to nuclear

to nuclear power, the word 'nuclear'
itself   carries some negative connotations (224).
(224). Much (224) negative feeling
is due to media portrayals (225).
(225). However, in the eyes on a particular idea
of scientists,
scientists, the word 'nuclear' carries both negative (225) how the media
tells the story and wants
and positive connotations, mainly
connotations, mainly positive. So it you to believe their ways
appears there are two diverging views regarding
views regarding the
nuclear power issue.

According to scientists, nuclear power is one of the

(226) energy sources
most sustainable energy sources (226)in
(226)in the planet  that can be used without
that significantly reduces carbon emissions (227),
(227), the worring about the future
primary cause (228) of
(228) of the greenhouse effect. Nuclear (227) the release of carbon
dioxide (CO2) to the envi-
power is believed to be highly beneficial if
beneficial if used for ronment
civilian purposes (229),
(229), but highly detrimental if
detrimental if used (228) main cause
for military ones. (229) not for military
purpose
Based on my observation, Western nations are the
ones who use nuclear power primarily for civilian
purposes.. Countries like Iran or North Korea are well
purposes
known for its use of nuclear power for military (230) the making of
purpose such as nuclear weapon proliferation (230),
(230), nuclear weapon
(231) good phrase
posing imminent threats to national security (231).
(231).

The risk of radioactive waste (235) to

(235) to the
environment also needs to be taken into consideration,
consideration, (232) very bad effects
given the deleterious effects (232) it
(232) it has on the (233) species (plants or
ecological community (233) inhabiting (234) near
(234) near the animals)
(234) living
affected regions. (235) nuclear waste
 Be careful!
"Deleterious" is not equal "bad" and thereby
cannot substitute "bad" in most cases.
"Deleterious" means harmful and ~deadly
(like a poison)

33.
Even More
Implanting
There have been quite a bunch of vocab so far, don't
a

you think? Some implantation might help out a good

bit.

1. If you and your enemy stay together for a long

time, according to psychology, you and he will finally
tolerate each other's differences and
differences and won't hate each
other anymore.

2. Vegetarians don't eat meat, they eat meat

alternatives like nuts or tofu. Restaurants will act
accordingly toto cater
 cater meat alternatives to vegetarians.

3. We need both exercise and good eating habit. We

should not choose only one because one complements
each other, making us healthy overall. Yin and yang
cannot exist without one another. They complement
each other.
 33.
Even More
Implanting
There have been quite a bunch of vocab so far, don't
a

you think? Some implantation might help out a good

bit.

1. If you and your enemy stay together for a long

time, according to psychology, you and he will finally
tolerate each other's differences and
differences and won't hate each
other anymore.

2. Vegetarians don't eat meat, they eat meat

alternatives like nuts or tofu. Restaurants will act
accordingly toto cater
 cater meat alternatives to vegetarians.

3. We need both exercise and good eating habit. We

should not choose only one because one complements
each other, making us healthy overall. Yin and yang
cannot exist without one another. They complement
each other.
another
4. Many of us uphold the reverence 
reverence  for our religions.
Many of us also uphold the reverence for our partners,
well that's too much. HAHA. Love is enough. But you
get the idea.

5. Vietnamese governments hold legal restrictions

against drug-trafficking
drug-trafficking activities.
 activities. You should not be a
drug trafficker 
trafficker  just because tax evasion is
evasion is possible.

6. You can incorporate

incorporate chicken
 chicken into salad. But I prefer
incorporating chicken
incorporating  chicken into a soup.
 food similar
to meat
meat alternatives
Smartphones & Tablets: Laptop alternatives
Apple map: Google map alternative
=> Have similar functions and can be substituted

Stream of
Conversation
Kien: I'm fine, thank you. And you?

You: HAHA. So funny. So academic!

Kien: Let's talk about abortion. What do you think

about abortion?

You: Abortion is a highly controversial topic as there is

a wide range of parties and religious and cultural
viewpoints involved.

Kien: So how can you categorize those viewpoints?

You: There are two diverging views:

views: Pro-life and pro-
choice.. I'm pro-life.
choice

Kien: What is pro-life

pro-life and
 and what is pro-choice exactly?

You: Pro-life means you set the importance of the life

of the human fetus or the
or the unborn above
unborn above the choices of 
the mother or maternal choices.
 Stream of
Conversation
Kien: I'm fine, thank you. And you?

You: HAHA. So funny. So academic!

Kien: Let's talk about abortion. What do you think

about abortion?

You: Abortion is a highly controversial topic as there is

a wide range of parties and religious and cultural
viewpoints involved.

Kien: So how can you categorize those viewpoints?

You: There are two diverging views:

views: Pro-life and pro-
choice.. I'm pro-life.
choice

Kien: What is pro-life

pro-life and
 and what is pro-choice exactly?

You: Pro-life means you set the importance of the life

of the human fetus or the
or the unborn above
unborn above the choices of 
the mother or maternal choices.

Kien: Okay, so I'm pro-choice

pro-choice.. Because I value
maternal choices more
choices more than the life of the unborn.
unborn. In
my opinion, they lack
they lack the basis of
basis of a human being.
Looks like you really uphold the reverence of the
unborn.
(391) very
You: I do. Although there've been many valid good arguments
arguments (391) 
(391)  supporting the reproduction rights of 
the mother in both mainstream and alternative media. I
still think any life is vitally important and
important and cannot be
taken lightly.
Kien: Hmm, that makes a lot of sense, too. It still
appears quite malevolent
malevolent when
 when we think about that.
But if I'm forced to pick only one perspective, I would
still stick with pro-choice.

You: And it's not entirely a bad thing since we have

more fun stuff   to discuss.

Kien: Right. What about energy. Tell me what you

know about energy.

You: There are a number of ways to categorize

energy sources. Renewable and non-renewable would
be the two categories that prevail
prevail.. Non-renewable are
like fossil fuels including oil, natural gas, or coal. In fact,
the process of extracting
extracting oil
 oil or producing coal is a
very complicated matter.

Kien: Okay, so after extracting

extracting enough
 enough oil, is it ready to
use for human activities?

You: Nope. Not so fast. You'll have to refine

refine oil.
 oil.
Refining oil
Refining oil sounds as easy as filtering water. But it
requires the operation of an expensive oil refinery to
transform oil into usable
into usable energy like gasoline. Long
story short, refining oil is also a costly and complex
process just like extracting
extracting it.
 it.

Kien: Sounds not too great, eh?

You: One more thing. According to an estimate, oil will

inevitably run
inevitably run out over the next 30 years. So you'd
better turn off the light before leaving home and so
on.

Kien: Makes sense. If that is the case, all

case, all of us need to
consider taking environmental actions to
actions to address the
future of non-renewable energies such as oil and gas.
You: Not only you but many nations are deeply
concerned about that
about that too, especially those that are
highly dependent on foreign oil and those that
consume the
consume  the most oil like the United States. Household
and industrial activities will
activities will all be seriously affected if 
the supply of oil is disrupted
disrupted..

Kien: Given the high dependence on oil, switching to a

new sustainable source of energy sounds like an ideal
solution to
solution to humanity.

You: Not so fast. There are actually some

misconceptions about
misconceptions  about renewable energy. So you and I
know that solar and wind energy is free, right?.
However, when you factor in the
in the cost of transforming
intermittent and dilute sunlight and wind into
concentrated energy for human use, it is prohibitively
expensive. Much
expensive.  Much more expensive than fossil fuels.
Therefore, solar and wind energy are totally not cheap
as one may expect.

Kien: Wait, you just mention 'intermittent

'intermittent'' and 'dilute
'dilute'.'.
What do they even mean?

You: They're just some technical words when

describing these types of energy. Intermittent
Intermittent   simply
means 'discontinuous'. Solar energy is intermittent
because sunlight does not constantly beam to the solar
panels so as to harness the energy.
energy. It's also dilute
dilute,,
meaning it's really thin and weak. For human use, you
need concentrated sources of energy which are
continuous.

Kien: And not prohibitively expensive as

expensive as well.

You: Yeah sure. And cheap as well.

Kien: So theoretically speaking,
speaking, solar and wind energy
appear to be of great value 
value  but really when it comes
to practice,
practice, it's easier said than done.

You: True, that's why fossil fuels like coal, gas and oil
still prevail
prevail,, at least over the next few decades until all
the oil wells are on the verge of  exhausion.
  exhausion. In fact, we
cannot wait until then to decide which sources of 
energy we are going to use next. A myriad of 
international conferences have been held to discuss
this issue. Many ideas proposed are great but the costs
to implement might
implement might be of be of great concern.
concern.

Kien: Have you heard about nuclear power? Are they

beneficial or detrimental?

You: Whether it is just

is justifia
ifiable
ble to
 to utilize nuclear power
depends heavily on who have the control over the
production process. Would you rather give that control
to countries like Iran or North Korea or to the UK or
Denmark?

Kien: Well, the answer is obvious. If North Korea holds

the control over nuclear power then we'll have to deal
with a myriad of problems associated with national
security.

You: Right, they will obviously use nuclear power for

military rather than civilian purposes by conducting
nuclear weapon proliferation,
proliferation, which poses a
considerable threat to all
to all human life.

Kien: Any other risks associated with the

with the use of 
nuclear power?
You: There is also the risk of radioactive waste being
waste being
dispersed (392),
(392), posing a huge health risk to the (392) distribute/spread
over a wide area
ecological community inhabiting near the area. If 
radioactive waste has already been dispersed
dispersed,, we need
(393) it as quickly as possible to (393) restrict/limit
to isolate and confine (393) it
minimize the deleterious effects 
effects  it might have on the
regional ecological community.

Kien: You are instilling (394) me

(394) me with all kinds of the (394) firmly establish
with nuclear power. So far, I an attitude or belief to
liabilities (395) associated with nuclear
have only heard the negativity. Is there any good thing someone else's mind
about it?

You: Of course there is. Nuclear power, like many

other things, is a two-edged sword (396). (396) . As (396) has both benefits
mentioned, it is only justifiable
only justifiable   when it offers a net and drawbacks
positive benefit,
benefit, where the benefits outweigh the
liabilities.. In fact, nuclear power is used to generate
liabilities
heat very efficiently using different nuclear reactions.
There is no carbon emissions like
emissions like in the case of  fossil
  fossil
fuels, which is one of the greatest strength of using
nuclear power. All in all, although we may have seen a
myriad of media portrayals on nuclear
on nuclear power rife
power rife with (397) ~full of (negative
(397) deleterious effects, especially
  especially when it comes to tone)
military,, it all depends on who have the control and
military
what purposes they are serving.serving.

Kien: Energy, energy, energy. It's not as easy and

simple as it appears.

You: What is your position (398) on

(398) on globalization? (398) your view

Kien: My position is that globalization is worth it.

You: How so? I don't see it's as really beneficial

overall. Can you explain a little more?
Kien: As far as globalization is concerned, freedom of 
trade is promoted
promoted.. All societies are better off thanks to
the free trade economy. Let's say if there was only
little or no globalization, would you be able to use
clothes or the technologies that the world has to offer
at fair prices? Chances are you
are you cannot. No offense to
North Korea but do you think they are better off by
isolating themselves from the rest of the world?

You: You are making a valid argument 

argument  when 
when  taking the
economic perspective.
perspective. But I have to say although the
benefits you just pointed out appears quite
pronounced, you should also acknowledge
acknowledge   the fact that
globalization are fraught with pitfalls.

Kien: Enlighten me.

You: As a result of globalization, many developed

countries are suffering from prolonged unemployment
due to job
to job loss overseas.

Kien: You're talking about offshore outsourcing?

You: Right, offshore outsourcing happens

outsourcing happens when there
is a wide discrepancy in wages among countries. Big
corporations will employ someone from overseas
because of cheaper labors. For instance, Apple have
shifted all the production processes to China, causing
thousands of Americans to lose their jobs.

Kien: But on the flip side, Chinese workers are better

off, aren't they?
(399) at the sacrifice of 
You: Hmm, sounds true, but at the expense of (399)
others.
Kien: Not necessarily true. My position on that is job
loss is only temporary. Producing iPhones is just a
physical job. If Americans lose their jobs, it will also be
an opportunity for them to find better ones. They will
be motivated to upgrade their skills. through education
and training. For instance, a worker who lost his job will
direct his career to accounting or civil engineering,
which are more on demand for that particular economy.
Chinese workers who lack education can still get
employed by Apple.

You: Okay, but how can you explain income inequality,

supposedly caused by globalization?

Kien: What do you think would be the cause of income

inequality?

You: Highly skilled workers are more greatly benefited

from worldwide opportunities. Let's say if you are a
business owner, you will be able to reach even more
customers worldwide, making you super rich. But if 
you're not a business owner, you will risk of losing the
opportunities is much higher.

Kien: You have made a point here. Globalization does

somehow bring tough competition to all workers and
create the gap between the rich and the poor.

You: A myriad of policies

policies have been carried out to
narrow that gap but do not seem to work. An obvious
idea is to impose
to impose higher taxes on people with higher
income and less taxes on those with less income. But
given the fact that rich people are backed with an army
of accountants and lawyers, it is not much of a problem
for them to get around the tax system and thereby pay
less than they should be.

Kien: Are you talking about tax avoidance or tax

evasion?
You: I'm talking about tax avoidance.
avoidance. Surely, rich people
are not stupid enough to break the law, they only bend
the law to
law to get away with paying the taxes. Their
prodigious (400) and
(400) and extremely savvy accountants and
lawyers are paid very well to do just that - reducing (400) very remarkably
the tax liability to minimum. good

Kien: It's such a complicated matter for

matter for ordinary people
like us. Even that, I would never find my way to commit
tax evasion because
evasion because it is a serious crime.

You: That's true. So you should honestly report your

income correctly and completely to the governments.
Otherwise, if you get caught, serious problem will ensue
and you will have to pay a huge penalty, even go to jail.

Kien: Why do we have to pay taxes? What is the

rationale (401) behind
(401) behind that? (401) the logic/reason
behind something
You: The rationale is that you pay taxes to enjoy public
welfare. Somebody has to stand up to build schools,
hospitals, bridges, parks and so on. Somebody has to
keep the city clean and safe. Somebody has to keep the
country secure by spending money on national defense.
Somebody has to provide public transit and
transit and health care.
And that somebody I'm talking about is no one but the
governments. Nothing is free including 'free-entrance'
parks. We all have to pay for it through taxes.

Kien: Sounds like you really want to pay more taxes?

You: Of course not. Nobody wants to pay more taxes.

Although paying tax is an obligation, we just need to
pay our fair share and that's it. I don't want to give
money to someone I can't trust. In this case, the
governments.
Kien: Right. I can't trust the governments, either. But be
careful. We might even go to jail if we say that to the
police.

You: How come?

Kien: Because you are bad-mouthing the governments.

Bad-mouthing the governments is against the law or
unlawful. If you live in developed countries like US or
Canada, you can freely speak without worrying about
any 
any  legal restrictions.
restrictions. But in Vietnam, China, or North
Korea, you simply cannot do that. Don't ask me why.
 Just don't.
don't.

You: Okay. Okay. I will shut my mouth.

Kien: Good.

You: And by the way, do you think extraterrestrial life

exists?

Kien: Sorry, what is 

is  'extraterrestrial life' by
life' by the way?

You: Simply put, it's life beyond Earth. Alien.

Kien: Oh, I'm convinced that extraterrestrial life does

exist although I have never seen it yet. And I also
believe there isn't any solid evidence indicating its
existence whatsoever.

You: Hmm. To me, I don't think it exists until I actually

see them. I think we, humans, are unique. The Earth has
all the favorable conditions to harbor lives.
lives. These cannot
be easily found anywhere else beyone Earth. Therefore,
the odd of we finding it is astronomical.

Kien: But if you factor in the number of stars and

galaxies, there is a very high chance that it exists.
You: It might be as long as the life span of human race
is long enough to discover with aliens, given vast
distances between stars and galaxies. So in the mean
time, again one way to 
to  satiate our curiosity is
curiosity is just an
old traditional way, watching sci-fi movies.

Kien: I do watch sci-fi movies on a regular basis. I don't

know why but I'm so captivated with all the trailers and
the like. Movie marketing campaigns seem to work on
me. What is your thought on marketing?

You could now continue this conversation yourself ;)

Before

Make the cause effect

appear more formal 
use "given that" to
acknowledge the
preexisting fact, making
the argument more
valid and objective
Give examples of 
global warming to
make the sentence
more valid and specific
List out extra affected
parties

 After

Academic Vocabulary
For Those Who Hate Spending Too Much Time
On Bullsh*t IELTS books
 34.
Religions 1
Although the likelihood that you will see religious
topics in IELTS writing is rather slim, knowing some
useful relevant phrases may help you out a good bit. (236) religions
 Just remember
remember this topic is all about
about belief systems
(236)..
(236)

You and I might be subscribing to a religion (237) (237) follow a religion

such as Buddism, Christianity, Hinduism or Islam. Each
religion has its own belief system, which
  which followers are
supposed to collectively believe in certain underlying
principles and
principles and probably even perform some sorts of 
(238)do the activities
rituals (238).
(238). A ritual simply means an activity that you as required by religion
have to perform on a regularly basis as
basis as required by (frequently)
your 
your  religious law (239).
(239). Going to the church every (239) what is required
by religion
Sunday is a prime example of a ritual. Performing
religious rituals are
rituals are believed to help you maintain your
healthy mental state (240),
(240), especially true in (240) good mind
meditation. Whether it's true to you or not, it's up to
you to decide.

When you subscribe to a belief system,

system, you are also
imparted with ethical and moral codes (241).
(241). For (241) Ethical set of 
rules that you
example, you cannot intentionally harm other people. have to follow
You have to help the needy (242) when
(242) when you have the (242) poor people
opportunity and such. Some people are considered
(243) people who dont
themselves atheists (243),
(243), which indicates
indicates their
 their believe in God
disbelief in the existence of God and the like. If you
believe in God or some higher consciousness (244),
(244), (244) general phrase
to refer to God
you are definitely not an atheist.
atheist.

Irrespective of religion you are subscribing to,

(245) perform various
freedom to practice religion (245) is
(245) is what you want. religious activities in
religion is highly real life
In North America, freedom to practice religion is
respected by both societies and laws.
 God
higher consciousness
(sounds better)

35.
Religions 2
1. Do you uphold the reverence for
reverence for God or any higher
counsciousness? If
counsciousness?  If you do, it's likely you
likely you are
subscribing to a religion.
religion. If you don't, you probably are
an atheist
atheist..

2. Do you support freedom to practice religion?

religion? Or
you want a certain level of legal restrictions on
practicing religions? If
religions? If you lean towards to latter, it's
likely you
likely you want religious practitioners (246) to (246) people who practice
perform their rituals in a reasonable manner (247),
(247), not religions
(247) not overdoing
affecting the rest of society. something that might
affect other people
3. Do you think cultural intermingling helps
intermingling helps promote
the freedom to practice religion?
religion? I believe it does.
Thanks to cultural intermingling 
intermingling  and globalization, the
society tends to embrace (248) cultural and religious (248) support
diversity.

4. Do you think religion has anything to do with the

extraterrestrial life? 
life?  Some theorists believe higher
consciousness like God has come into contact with the
aliens.
 35.
Religions 2
1. Do you uphold the reverence for
reverence for God or any higher
counsciousness? If
counsciousness?  If you do, it's likely you
likely you are
subscribing to a religion.
religion. If you don't, you probably are
an atheist
atheist..

2. Do you support freedom to practice religion?

religion? Or
you want a certain level of legal restrictions on
practicing religions? If
religions? If you lean towards to latter, it's
likely you
likely you want religious practitioners (246) to (246) people who practice
perform their rituals in a reasonable manner (247),
(247), not religions
(247) not overdoing
affecting the rest of society. something that might
affect other people
3. Do you think cultural intermingling helps
intermingling helps promote
the freedom to practice religion?
religion? I believe it does.
Thanks to cultural intermingling 
intermingling  and globalization, the
society tends to embrace (248) cultural and religious (248) support
diversity.

4. Do you think religion has anything to do with the

extraterrestrial life? 
life?  Some theorists believe higher
consciousness like God has come into contact with the
aliens.

5. Do you think subscribing to a religion offer you a

net positive benefit? Or
benefit? Or do you think atheism is a
more realistic view?

6. Do you think performing religious rituals has

rituals has a net
positive benefit? Given
benefit? Given that it would take a great deal
of time and effort.

Irrespective of what you think, what really matters is

that you have learned a ton of vocabulary.
LOL. And that's what I really care about.
 Tip!
The word "reasonable" is highly valued in
academic writing. Use more if needed.
in a reasonable manner
have a reasonable dietary plan
produce a reasonable amount of nuclear power

36.
The Future
of Oil
Okay, I'm not talking about cooking oils like olive oil or
vegetable oil. So no food, sorry. LOL! This topic will be
about oil as a form of energy.

Oil or crude oil is a non-renewable energy resource

(249) taken
extracted (249) by
(249) by drilling a very long hole (250) the process of 
underground, known as oil drilling (250).
(250). It sounds drilling a hole to extract
pretty simple but oil drilling or oil extraction 
extraction  is actually oil
a very long and complicated process. After that it's still
not the end of the story. Oil has to be refined (251) by (251) transform oil
an oil refinery (252) into
(252) into gasoline or diesel fuel so they into gasoline or fuels
can be consumed by humans. Refining oil is oil is a long, (252) a plant refining oil
complicated and costly process, too. Just to remind
you there is an oil refinery by
refinery by the name of Dung Quat
in Quang Ngai, Vietnam.

Because oil is non-renewable, it will inevitably

inevitably run
 run out
over the next 30 years according to an estimate. In
fact, numerous nations are deeply concerned about the
 36.
The Future
of Oil
Okay, I'm not talking about cooking oils like olive oil or
vegetable oil. So no food, sorry. LOL! This topic will be
about oil as a form of energy.

Oil or crude oil is a non-renewable energy resource

(249) taken
extracted (249) by
(249) by drilling a very long hole (250) the process of 
underground, known as oil drilling (250).
(250). It sounds drilling a hole to extract
pretty simple but oil drilling or oil extraction 
extraction  is actually oil
a very long and complicated process. After that it's still
not the end of the story. Oil has to be refined (251) by (251) transform oil
an oil refinery (252) into
(252) into gasoline or diesel fuel so they into gasoline or fuels
can be consumed by humans. Refining oil is oil is a long, (252) a plant refining oil
complicated and costly process, too. Just to remind
you there is an oil refinery by
refinery by the name of Dung Quat
in Quang Ngai, Vietnam.

Because oil is non-renewable, it will inevitably

inevitably run
 run out
over the next 30 years according to an estimate. In
fact, numerous nations are deeply concerned about the
future of oil as most of their household and industrial
activities consume oil or oil products. In other words,
they are highly dependent on oil, particularly foreign (253) a place undergroun
containing lots of oil
oil. Even foreign oil wells (253) are
(253) are on the verge of  (254) very close to
(254) exhaustion.
(254)  exhaustion. Therefore, many countries need to
take environmental actions (255) to
(255) to address the future (255) good phrase
of oil. Switching to a new sustainable source of energy
sounds like an ideal solution,
solution, but easier said than done.

I will discuss some misconceptions on renewable

sources of energy like wind and solar in a later section.
They are not as effective as one may expect.
 Tip!
Take actions? Want more specific?
Take environmental actions
Take medical actions
Take legal actions
Take governmental actions

37.
Should Professors
Dress
Formally?
What do you think? In most cases, the answer is Yes.

However in reality, dress codes 

codes  for professors vary
from one discipline to another (256).
(256). For example, (256) are not the same
enginneering professors tend to dress casually (257) from one to another
while law professors tend to dress very formally. It
seems clothing styles are closely related to
related to what field
a professor is in.

But why do law or business professors have to

comply with (258) 
(258)  such a strict dress code policy (258) follow/abide by
(259) the policy on
(259)?
(259) ? Well, it has a lot to do with meeting the how you should dress
professional standards (260).
(260). Psychologically speaking,
the way a you groom yourself implies  a lot about your (260) good phrase
implies a
credibility, respectfulness and intelligence. As a result,
result, it
will change how other people receive the message
(261). Not saying engineering professors (261) what you say
you convey (261).
 37.
Should Professors
Dress
Formally?
What do you think? In most cases, the answer is Yes.

However in reality, dress codes 

codes  for professors vary
from one discipline to another (256).
(256). For example, (256) are not the same
enginneering professors tend to dress casually (257) from one to another
while law professors tend to dress very formally. It
seems clothing styles are closely related to
related to what field
a professor is in.

But why do law or business professors have to

comply with (258) 
(258)  such a strict dress code policy (258) follow/abide by
(259) the policy on
(259)?
(259) ? Well, it has a lot to do with meeting the how you should dress
professional standards (260).
(260). Psychologically speaking,
the way a you groom yourself implies  a lot about your (260) good phrase
implies a
credibility, respectfulness and intelligence. As a result,
result, it
will change how other people receive the message
(261). Not saying engineering professors (261) what you say
you convey (261).
are not credible, but law and business ones rely heavily
on the establishment of credibility in order to get their
business done. They also want influence the perception (262) make others think
(262) of
(262)  of others on their professions. The more
respected their professions are, the more salary they
can earn.

In conclusion, dress codes among

codes among different professions
do not show a consistent trend (263).
(263). Some (263) similar
professors need to establish high credibility to get
their jobs done while some are more flexible in terms
of dress codes.
are different
in terms of ...
Vary in
Cameras are different in terms of price and function
=> Cameras vary (greatly) in price and function

38.
Wind and Solar
Energy?
So I bet you've heard a myriad of essayists screaming
about using wind and solar energy instead of fossil
fuels. Yes, they're free, cleaner, and abundant. But do
you know why the hell wind and solar energy still do
not prevail (264)?
(264)? (264) Dominate/become
more powerful and
popular
Although sunlight and wind are free, the process of 
turning them into usable energy is prohibitively (265) really expensive
expensive (265).
(265). Yes, the cost of oil extraction
is supposed to be high, but it is still nothing compared
to the cost of processing sunlight and wind. In fact,
solar energy and wind are very intermittent (266) and (266) discontinuous
(267) weak and thin, not
dilute (267).
(267). Just remember whenever you have an concentrated
essay about renewable energy, 'intermittent' and
'dilute' are the terms that best describe these energy
sources and thereby showcase your knowledge.

Solar and wind energy are intermittent or

discontinuous. Unlike oil or gas, they cannot be stored.
Therefore, no sun or no wind simply means the flows
 38.
Wind and Solar
Energy?
So I bet you've heard a myriad of essayists screaming
about using wind and solar energy instead of fossil
fuels. Yes, they're free, cleaner, and abundant. But do
you know why the hell wind and solar energy still do
not prevail (264)?
(264)? (264) Dominate/become
more powerful and
popular
Although sunlight and wind are free, the process of 
turning them into usable energy is prohibitively (265) really expensive
expensive (265).
(265). Yes, the cost of oil extraction
is supposed to be high, but it is still nothing compared
to the cost of processing sunlight and wind. In fact,
solar energy and wind are very intermittent (266) and (266) discontinuous
(267) weak and thin, not
dilute (267).
(267). Just remember whenever you have an concentrated
essay about renewable energy, 'intermittent' and
'dilute' are the terms that best describe these energy
sources and thereby showcase your knowledge.

Solar and wind energy are intermittent or

discontinuous. Unlike oil or gas, they cannot be stored.
Therefore, no sun or no wind simply means the flows
(268), which means all human (268)
of energy are disrupted (268), interrupt with
problem
activities are also seriously disrupted
disrupted..

Solar and wind energy are dilute

dilute or
 or weak. For solar
one, you need to use many large solar panels (269) (269) the equipments
and a lot of other materials to harness enough energy that you see them placed
on the rooftop to collect
(270) to
(270)  to make it useful. sunlight

Theoretically speaking, solar and wind energy offer a (270) collect/concentrate

energy
great deal of benefits 
benefits  to both men and the
environment. In actuality, reaping those benefits is not
easy, meriting complex calculations and considerations.
Solar & Wind Fossil
Energy  Fuels
dilute concentrated

intermittent continuous

39.
Sex
 Education
Sex education is perhaps one of the most sensitive
topics in school.

Thus in reality, the number of students getting access

to formal sex education varies from school to
school.. Most schools only cover topics up to puberty
school
(271) in
(271)  in their curriculum, so in many cases parents (271) day. thi`
have to fill in the rest. If that is not the case (279),
(279) , (279) if that doesn't
happen
chances are students have to figure out by themselves,
which may supposedly lead to the distortion in
perception about sex.

If students are lucky enough, they will get to learn

about things like reproductive processes (272),
(272), (272) the process of
giving birth
reproductive organs (273),
(273), the different consequences (273) body parts that are
of engaging in sexual activities (280),
(280), abstinence related to the process of 
(274) as
(274)  as one of the most effective forms of birth giving birth
(274) say 'NO' to easy sex
control (275),
(275), the acceptance of sexual orientation
 39.
Sex
 Education
Sex education is perhaps one of the most sensitive
topics in school.

Thus in reality, the number of students getting access

to formal sex education varies from school to
school.. Most schools only cover topics up to puberty
school
(271) in
(271)  in their curriculum, so in many cases parents (271) day. thi`
have to fill in the rest. If that is not the case (279),
(279) , (279) if that doesn't
happen
chances are students have to figure out by themselves,
which may supposedly lead to the distortion in
perception about sex.

If students are lucky enough, they will get to learn

about things like reproductive processes (272),
(272), (272) the process of
giving birth
reproductive organs (273),
(273), the different consequences (273) body parts that are
of engaging in sexual activities (280),
(280), abstinence related to the process of 
(274) as
(274)  as one of the most effective forms of birth giving birth
(274) say 'NO' to easy sex
control (275),
(275), the acceptance of sexual orientation (280) good phrase
(276),, common STDs (277) and
(276) (277) and so on. (275) used to prevent
pregnancy
(276) boy, girl or gay?
Sex education still remains a controversial issue as
issue as it (277) sexually transmitted
has caused quite a variety of responses (281) among diseases
(281) good phrase
families. It should be acknowledged, however, that
having a parental conversation (278) with
(278) with the children (278) a conversation
about sex is also not a preferable choice for most of the parents with the
children
families. Therefore, the rise of formal sex education
would be an ideal solution but
solution but only if complete (282) complete
unanimity on (282) this
(282) this issue comes
issue comes into play.
play. aggreement
If that does
not apply
If that is not the case

40.
Sex
Education 2
Do you ever have a parental conversation about
conversation about sex?
If you do, lucky you.

Does your high school have complete unanimity about

sex education? If it does, there is 100% agreement
and the sex curriculum should be updated. If that's not
the case,
case, then you should figure out by yourself.
HAHA. Shame on you.

AIDS is probably the best-known STDs.

There are a myriad of birth control methods

control  methods such as
birth control pills, condom, and abstinence
abstinence.. They all
serve the purpose of
purpose of preventing unintended
pregnancies.

Do you think sex education will have a net positive

benefit on promoting 
promoting  healthy relationships?
relationships? If you do,
 40.
Sex
Education 2
Do you ever have a parental conversation about
conversation about sex?
If you do, lucky you.

Does your high school have complete unanimity about

sex education? If it does, there is 100% agreement
and the sex curriculum should be updated. If that's not
the case,
case, then you should figure out by yourself.
HAHA. Shame on you.

AIDS is probably the best-known STDs.

There are a myriad of birth control methods

control  methods such as
birth control pills, condom, and abstinence
abstinence.. They all
serve the purpose of
purpose of preventing unintended
pregnancies.

Do you think sex education will have a net positive

benefit on promoting 
promoting  healthy relationships?
relationships? If you do,
then most likely you
likely you are right because it is thought to
give you the correct perception on sex.
Towards/against
If you hold no prejudices of gay or lesbian, then you
have high acceptance of sexual orientation.

Do you think carrying out sex education campaigns on (283) globally

a global scale (283) is prohibitively expensive? If they
are prohibitively expensive,
expensive, then they're definitely not
achievable (284). (284) cannot be achieved
- good phrase
 A few people All people
agree agree
(Has some
Most people (reach an
agreement) agree unanimity)
(reach a
consensus)

Before

Tremendous details
formal cause effect
(live up to expectation
of)
include timing
(foreseeable future)
include purpose (for
daily use)
Include proper
adjectives
Use noun phrases
(intermittency and
dilution)
Before

Tremendous details
formal cause effect
(live up to expectation
of)
include timing
(foreseeable future)
include purpose (for
daily use)
Include proper
adjectives
Use noun phrases
(intermittency and
dilution)

 After

Academic Vocabulary
For Those Who Hate Spending Too Much Time
On Bullsh*t IELTS books
 41.
Quick Review 1
Slow down, my friends. Implanting this huge amount
of vocab into your head is
head is certainly not the easiest
thing in the world. We need to review on a regular
basis just
basis  just so you can exercise the repetitive aspect of 
this book. But no fret, reviewing is not as boring as it
sounds. On the contrary, it's actually a lot of fun!

1. When lawyers give advice to their clients, they are

(????) service
=> the answer is "rendering" => rendering service(s)

2. When there are a myriad of  cultures

  cultures within a small
town, this is called cultural (????)
=> The answer is "diversity" => cultural diversity

3. Another words for "poor people?"

=> Low-income people

4. $5000 for a car seems reasonable. But $500,000

for a car is (????)
=> Prohibitively expensive

5. What causes us to have different views about a

celebrity?
=> The media portrayals

6. Name two types of media?

=> Mainstream and alternative media

7. When it comes to abortion, you are 

are  pro-life, I am
pro-choice.. We have two (????) views
pro-choice
=> Two diverging views
  very expensive
expensive
prohibitively
expensive

42.
Quick Review 2
8. A general phrase to indicate animals and plants living
in an area?
=> Ecological community

9. What caused by nuclear plants has deleterious

impacts on ecological community?
=> Radioactive waste

10. Another words for 'the unborn'

=> human fetus

11. People who trade drug?

=> Drug traffickers

12. Eating a lot of vegetables and fruits can help your

body (????) against cancer
=> Guard against cancer

13. When two different cultures are friendly with each

other, they (????) each other's differences
 42.
Quick Review 2
8. A general phrase to indicate animals and plants living
in an area?
=> Ecological community

9. What caused by nuclear plants has deleterious

impacts on ecological community?
=> Radioactive waste

10. Another words for 'the unborn'

=> human fetus

11. People who trade drug?

=> Drug traffickers

12. Eating a lot of vegetables and fruits can help your

body (????) against cancer
=> Guard against cancer

13. When two different cultures are friendly with each

other, they (????) each other's differences
=> Tolerate

14. What might be the result of globalization?

Cultural (????)
=> Cultural intermingling

15. A society when everyone is treated fairly and

equally?
=> Egalitarian society

16. Having pets have more benefits than problems

=> Net positive benefit
 Tip!
 Net benefit = Benefits - costs
 Net income = revenues
revenues - expenses
 Benefits = 10
Costs = (-9)
=> Net benefit = 1.

43.
Quick Grammar
#5
Here is one of the most popular mistakes made by
even many IELTS teachers. HAHA. No kidding. But it's
true. They still can't distinguish between (19) remember/
keep in mind
On the contrary vs. In contrast

So what is 'on the contrary' and what is 'in contrast'? (20) bad, negative

Let's look at some examples.

This food is not bad. On the contrary,

contrary, it's excellent
I don't hate you. On the contrary, I
contrary, I love you
This book is not expensive. On the contrary,
contrary, it's cheap

This food is delicious to me. However, in contrast,

contrast,
many people think it's not.

Most of the time you will use In contrast in

contrast in your
 43.
Quick Grammar
#5
Here is one of the most popular mistakes made by
even many IELTS teachers. HAHA. No kidding. But it's
true. They still can't distinguish between (19) remember/
keep in mind
On the contrary vs. In contrast

So what is 'on the contrary' and what is 'in contrast'? (20) bad, negative

Let's look at some examples.

This food is not bad. On the contrary,

contrary, it's excellent
I don't hate you. On the contrary, I
contrary, I love you
This book is not expensive. On the contrary,
contrary, it's cheap

This food is delicious to me. However, in contrast,

contrast,
many people think it's not.

Most of the time you will use In contrast in

contrast in your
essay, not on the contrary.
contrary. Why? Because on the
contrary is
contrary  is used to emphasize
emphasize the
 the claim whereas In
contrast is
contrast  is used to compare/contrast
compare/contrast between
 between two
ideas or two opinions.
 44.
Free Universal
Health Care
Did you know that Canada is one of the most
generous countries in the world when it comes to
health care? This obviously gets its neighbor
downstairs-the U.S. jealous because health care
expenses are known to be astronomically high. Given
that, Canadians do not have to pay out of their pocket
a darn penny for any medical procedures (283).
(283). So (283) series of medical
actions to take care of 
who bears the burden (284)?
(284)? The federal government. patients
(284) good phrase
Free universal health care coverage also comes at a (290) has a disadvantage
(288) regime ~ system
cost (290).
(290). This publicly-funded health care regime (285) check your health
(288) is
(288)  is also clearly very expensive to maintain. The (286) check your health
governments will pay the bill for all check-ups (285), even more
(287) some sort of 
exams (286) and operations (287).
(287). In addition, due to surgeons
the ease of accessibility (289),
(289), Canadian hospitals are (289) easy to access
notoriously overcrowded at times. Over the past
couple of years, some governments would like to scale (291) reduce
back (291) their
(291) their scope of coverage (292) to make (292) the extent of service
covered
room for (293) the
(293) the privatization of hospitals and clinics (293) good phrase
(294).. This means that Canadians would no longer
(294) (294) medical center
have free access to some supplementary coverages (295) non-essential
 services
(295) such
(295)  such as dental cares, eye exams, and any (296) considered (but
operation deemed (296)"non-essential".
(296)"non-essential". stronger than considered)

Any negative changes in the current publicly-funded

health care regime would
regime would inevitably cause widespread (297) good phrase
public disagreement (297) as
(297) as people have taken it for
granted for a long time. Therefore, it would be a
challenge for politicians to openly discuss the issue (298) good phrase
(298).
 Tip!
 A medical procedure =
Check-ups => exams => operations
(Quick check => Thorough check => Action)

45.
Free Universal
Health Care 2
Do you know why the U.S. do not offer its citizens
publicly-funded health care coverage 
coverage  like Canada?
Well, I think the obvious reason is that free health care
coverage for
coverage  for more than 300 million people is
prohibitively expensive and the U.S. governments don't
want to bear the burden to
burden to pay for all the medical
procedures.

What could be a temporary solution for that? Health

insurance. By paying for health insurance coverage, the
burden and the risk are spreaded across all Americans
at lowest possible costs. Each citizen will pay a small
amount of money called insurance premium (299) to (299) the money you
the insurance company, say, every month. The large pay for the insurance
company (periodically)
sum of money collected will then be used by the
insurance company pay for the medical bills (300) for (300) medical expenses
(301) good phrase
those who actually need medical assistance (301).
(301).

However, it still remains a temporary solution because

 45.
Free Universal
Health Care 2
Do you know why the U.S. do not offer its citizens
publicly-funded health care coverage 
coverage  like Canada?
Well, I think the obvious reason is that free health care
coverage for
coverage  for more than 300 million people is
prohibitively expensive and the U.S. governments don't
want to bear the burden to
burden to pay for all the medical
procedures.

What could be a temporary solution for that? Health

insurance. By paying for health insurance coverage, the
burden and the risk are spreaded across all Americans
at lowest possible costs. Each citizen will pay a small
amount of money called insurance premium (299) to (299) the money you
the insurance company, say, every month. The large pay for the insurance
company (periodically)
sum of money collected will then be used by the
insurance company pay for the medical bills (300) for (300) medical expenses
(301) good phrase
those who actually need medical assistance (301).
(301).

However, it still remains a temporary solution because

not all Americans can get covered (302) by
(302) by any health (302) protected by
insurance plans. For those who are not covered
covered,, they insurance
are at the highest risk (303) if
(303) if the medical bills come.
bills come. (303) good phrase
(304) cannot
In fact, there have been so many cases of Americans
declaring bankrupcy because they are unable (304) to
pay their medical expenses. When Americans go to the
hospital, the first question they are asked is "what level
of service would you like?". When Canadians go to the
hospital, the first question they are asked is "What is
your medical situation?
 Tip!
 Adjective + assistance (to be more specific)
=> medical assistance, financial assistance,
academic assistance, physical assistance,
mental assistance, etc.

46.
Freedom of 
Speech
Do you prefer living in a country where information
(305) limited
and ideas are restricted (305) or liberated (306).
(306). (306) freed/unlimited
Statistically speaking, countries like China or Vietnam
are among the lowest when it comes to freedom
to freedom of 
speech. But I dare not openly
not openly discuss this
discuss this issue further
as that may lead to my imprisonment.

When you live in a country ranked the highest in terms

of freedom of speech, there is almost no constraints (307) limits
(307) on
(307)  on the flows of information or ideas. The
governments are not supposed to go after you for
your criticisms against them. If you say something bad
about your leader, let's say, you are not imprisoned or
sentenced to death. In fact, people are even
encouraged to criticize the leaders if they are not
doing the right things. Why? Because criticisms make
him a more competent leader. In countries like China,
leaders are God and they never make mistakes. They're
always right. Therefore, anyone disagreeing can be
subject to capital punishment
 46.
Freedom of 
Speech
Do you prefer living in a country where information
(305) limited
and ideas are restricted (305) or liberated (306).
(306). (306) freed/unlimited
Statistically speaking, countries like China or Vietnam
are among the lowest when it comes to freedom
to freedom of 
speech. But I dare not openly
not openly discuss this
discuss this issue further
as that may lead to my imprisonment.

When you live in a country ranked the highest in terms

of freedom of speech, there is almost no constraints (307) limits
(307) on
(307)  on the flows of information or ideas. The
governments are not supposed to go after you for
your criticisms against them. If you say something bad
about your leader, let's say, you are not imprisoned or
sentenced to death. In fact, people are even
encouraged to criticize the leaders if they are not
doing the right things. Why? Because criticisms make
him a more competent leader. In countries like China,
leaders are God and they never make mistakes. They're
always right. Therefore, anyone disagreeing can be
subject to capital punishment.
punishment.
(308) spying, close
Internet censorship, monitoring and surveillance (308) observation, monitoring
(311) in China. Every bit of information is (311) something very
are the norm (311) in
under the surveillance of the governments. Why? Their usual
logic is that they want to keep the peace of the region.
Americans are bad people. America is the enemy.
Sounds familiar to you? (312) keep back
(309) good phrase
Well, I think the governments cannot withhold the (310) always growing
information (312) forever.
(312) forever. One day, the truth will be
exposed (309) to
(309) to everyone, given the ever-growing
(310) flows
(310)  flows of information these days.
restricted liberated
>.<   \:D/

47.
Talking with
Kien Tran
If you ever mention mainstream media and
media and alternative
media in
media  in your essays, you know what, the examiners
are gonna love you for that. Because it's a clear
indication of
indication  of higher level of critical thinking.
Distinguishing between the two notions are vitally
important and
important  and should not be taken lightly as
lightly as they have
substantial impacts on how you perceive a fact or an
opinion. When I write an IELTS essay, my focus will be
on showing knowledge and thinking, not just English.
Why? Isn't that 
that  the ultimate indication of
indication of English
proficiency?

Applying English in acquiring knowledge.

You can do the same or even better by changing your
mindset just a little bit. It's not as hard as it sounds. Just
keep in mind that your acquisition of vocabulary is not
for the purpose of showcasing how many vocab you
know, but how many smart vocab you know. Smart
 47.
Talking with
Kien Tran
If you ever mention mainstream media and
media and alternative
media in
media  in your essays, you know what, the examiners
are gonna love you for that. Because it's a clear
indication of
indication  of higher level of critical thinking.
Distinguishing between the two notions are vitally
important and
important  and should not be taken lightly as
lightly as they have
substantial impacts on how you perceive a fact or an
opinion. When I write an IELTS essay, my focus will be
on showing knowledge and thinking, not just English.
Why? Isn't that 
that  the ultimate indication of
indication of English
proficiency?

Applying English in acquiring knowledge.

You can do the same or even better by changing your
mindset just a little bit. It's not as hard as it sounds. Just
keep in mind that your acquisition of vocabulary is not
for the purpose of showcasing how many vocab you
know, but how many smart vocab you know. Smart
vocab are usually originated from long in-depth
research (313) and
(313) and ongoing debates by smart people. I
tend to steal some vocab from social psychology
textbooks or some science journals as they are so (313) good phrase
well-established and highly credible.

So open the books and expand your horizons (314)

right now, guys!
(314) expand your
experience and
knowledge
 Be careful!
You may not want to use "expand horizons"
in IELTS writing because it's already been
played out.

48.
The Media
and the Freedom
of Speech
Yo. Let's face it. There is a strong link between (315)
the media and freedom of speech as most ideas and (315) strong connection
information are transmitted (316) from one place to
another through the media, either mainstream or (316) send out/pass
alternative.

Most media in Vietnam are government-controlled,

especially the mainstream
mainstream media.
 media. With the involvement
of the governments, there is never a guarantee that (322) good phrase
(322)   the information is portrayed entirely accurately.
(322)
On the contrary, it
contrary, it is highly manipulative to
manipulative to the point
that even many Vietnamese people do not seem to
wholly trust any info or announcements disseminated
(317) by
(317)  by the governments. (317) distributed or sprea
the info
 48.
The Media
and the Freedom
of Speech
Yo. Let's face it. There is a strong link between (315)
the media and freedom of speech as most ideas and (315) strong connection
information are transmitted (316) from one place to
another through the media, either mainstream or (316) send out/pass
alternative.

Most media in Vietnam are government-controlled,

especially the mainstream
mainstream media.
 media. With the involvement
of the governments, there is never a guarantee that (322) good phrase
(322)   the information is portrayed entirely accurately.
(322)
On the contrary, it
contrary, it is highly manipulative to
manipulative to the point
that even many Vietnamese people do not seem to
wholly trust any info or announcements disseminated
(317) by
(317)  by the governments. (317) distributed or sprea
the info
Information other than that is also strictly under
surveillance or censored if needed. Bad-mouthing
(318) the
(318)  the governments are sometimes considered (318) speak something
unlawful (319).
(319). Criticizing or complaining about the bad about someone
(319) not legal
leaders is usually done with extra caution. So where is
the freedom?

The wealth of a nation and the degree of freedom of 

speech have been long proved (323) positively (323) good phrase
correlated (320).
(320). With any restrictions in the flows of  (320) go hand in hand
with one another
ideas and information, corruptions and poverty (321) Happen as a result
certainly ensue (321). of something
 happens as a
result
ensues

49.
Stereotype
If you are lucky enough to have a chance to use the
word 'stereotype
'stereotype'' in the IELTS exam, you will be killing
it.

Stereotype (322) is
(322) is a prior general belief about a (322) prior general belief 
certain social group. Don't be scared of the definition. abouta certain social
group
Let's look at the examples.

"All Asians are good at math" is a typical stereotype

about Asians. "All Chinese people are bad" is a typical
stereotype about
stereotype  about Chinese people that many
Vietnamese people have. "All Americans are
enterprising" is probably a prime example of 
stereotype about
stereotype  about Americans. "Women are weak" is
quite a gender stereotype
stereotype.. Basically, stereotype is a
shortcut that helps our minds form a general image
representing a certain group of people. When we see a
Canadian, for example, we quickly realize that he or she
is very friendly and so we treat him or her differently
than when we see a Chinese.

As can be observed,
observed, stereotype
stereotype has
 has both advantages
and disadvantages. The good thing about stereotype is
 49.
Stereotype
If you are lucky enough to have a chance to use the
word 'stereotype
'stereotype'' in the IELTS exam, you will be killing
it.

Stereotype (322) is
(322) is a prior general belief about a (322) prior general belief 
certain social group. Don't be scared of the definition. abouta certain social
group
Let's look at the examples.

"All Asians are good at math" is a typical stereotype

about Asians. "All Chinese people are bad" is a typical
stereotype about
stereotype  about Chinese people that many
Vietnamese people have. "All Americans are
enterprising" is probably a prime example of 
stereotype about
stereotype  about Americans. "Women are weak" is
quite a gender stereotype
stereotype.. Basically, stereotype is a
shortcut that helps our minds form a general image
representing a certain group of people. When we see a
Canadian, for example, we quickly realize that he or she
is very friendly and so we treat him or her differently
than when we see a Chinese.

As can be observed,
observed, stereotype
stereotype has
 has both advantages
and disadvantages. The good thing about stereotype is
that we know what to expect and what to watch out
for from a social group. The bad thing about
stereotype is that your preconceived perceptions (323) views on somethings
before having evidence
(323) oftentimes
(323)  oftentimes do not truly represent the reality (324) reflect the reality
(324). Of
(324).  Of course, it is safe to say not
say not all Chinese people
are bad many are exceptionally good (325);
(325); not all (325) very good
Americans are enterprising, many are horribly dumb.
Not all Asians are good at math and so on.

And it is also safe to say if

say if you have a chance to utilize
the concept stereotype for the sake of your argument,
do not miss it.
 Tip!
Stereotype is a form of bias,
which is sensitive
to compromising objectivity

50.
Social Loafing
Social loafing (326) refers
(326) refers to the concept that people (326) lazy because of 
are prone to (327) exert less effort on (328) a
(328) a task if  working in team
they are in a group versus when they work alone. (327) tend to
(328) spend less effort
Teamwork has been long proved to be essential when
it comes to getting
to getting a massive task done by pooling (329) puting everything
together
(329) the skills and talents of people within the team
Without teamwork, we could not be able to build
things like bridges and skyscrapers. That said (330),
(330) however
social loafing comes into play every time teamwork is
involved. Put simply, people often get lazy when they
work in a team than individually.

Teamwork activities in college all too often do not

work as well as expected due
expected due to social loafing.
loafing. In fact, (331) frustrate
many students express their frustration towards
(331) teamwork because other team members refuse
to contribute. It's not they are bad people, it's social
loafing that makes them exert less effort than they
otherwise would, making the team leader bear the
 50.
Social Loafing
Social loafing (326) refers
(326) refers to the concept that people (326) lazy because of 
are prone to (327) exert less effort on (328) a
(328) a task if  working in team
they are in a group versus when they work alone. (327) tend to
(328) spend less effort
Teamwork has been long proved to be essential when
it comes to getting
to getting a massive task done by pooling (329) puting everything
together
(329) the skills and talents of people within the team
Without teamwork, we could not be able to build
things like bridges and skyscrapers. That said (330),
(330) however
social loafing comes into play every time teamwork is
involved. Put simply, people often get lazy when they
work in a team than individually.

Teamwork activities in college all too often do not

work as well as expected due
expected due to social loafing.
loafing. In fact, (331) frustrate
many students express their frustration towards
(331) teamwork because other team members refuse
to contribute. It's not they are bad people, it's social
loafing that makes them exert less effort than they
otherwise would, making the team leader bear the
burden.

Group size and social loafing are positively correlated.

correlated.
The larger the group, the more serious social loafing
becomes. Let's imagine you work for a team of 3 and
for a team of 300. In which team would you exert
more effort on doing
on doing the job? Clearly, the one with 3
people.

Whenever you see a topic about teamwork, social

loafing is
loafing is a vitally important concept to support your
point.
however
That said,
Having said that
(not a perfect substitution
but is still okay)

Before

Use Compromise to
indicate the gain-lose
relationship
Make the cause effect
appear more formal 
use "given that" to
acknowledge the
preexisting fact, making
the argument more
valid and objective
Before

Use Compromise to
indicate the gain-lose
relationship
Make the cause effect
appear more formal 
use "given that" to
acknowledge the
preexisting fact, making
the argument more
valid and objective

 After

Academic Vocabulary
For Those Who Hate Spending Too Much Time
On Bullsh*t IELTS books
 51.
Food Stamp
Food stamps (332) refer
(332) refer to any nutrition assistance (332) Nutrition assistance
program
programs, usually from the governments, to help
purchase healthy food for low or no-income groups
of people. If you are on the verge of  poverty,
  poverty, you
may be eligible for (333) food stamps.
stamps. HAHA. Just (333) qualify for
kidding, I know you're rich.

But seriously many families are earning a living wage (334) having low income
(334) and
(334)  and this program was established to somewhat
(335) good phrase
assist them financially (335) so
(335) so they can afford healthy
food. To qualify for food stamps benefits,
stamps benefits, you have to
meet certain criteria such
criteria such as earning less than a certain
(336) a certain point OR
threshold (336) or
(336) or promising to participate in a work a certain level
training program so as to improve your future income.

Because food stamps programs give people free

money in the form of credit card to buy their food,
many people are prone to abuse them. Instead of 
purchasing healthy food, they choose to buy junk food
or energy drinks, making the program deviate from its (337) lose its focus
core purpose (337)

In order for the food stamps to run properly, more

regulations are needed. That said, the
said, the cost of hiring
personnel to enforce healthy eating would not justify
the benefits, making food stamps remain a
controversial topic.
 Tip!
"Deviate from its core purpose" is one of the
universal phrases.
The word "Deviate" manifests itself in Statistics and Probability in the form of 
"standard deviation". It simply means "move away from" or "depart from".
The whole phrase means "move away from its focus" or "lose focus" 
The governments lose their focus => The governments deviate from their
core purpose.

52.
Identity Theft
Identity theft refers to any behavior of acquiring and
collecting others' personal information for criminal
purposes. Identity theft is usually done to gain financial
advantage (338) from
(338) from the victims.
(338) take money
Protecting your personal information using layers of 
data protection is vitally important and
important and should not be
taken lightly given
lightly given the fact that credit card theft has
become very rampant (339) 
(339)  recently. Many people (339) spreading,
including me express a high level of frustration popular (in a bad way)
towards this issue since they lose their money out of 
thin air from time to time.
(340) you should
If it is ever the case to
case to you, you are asked to (340) (341) start to
take steps (341) to mitigate the damage (342) by (342) minimize the
damage
reporting the theft to your financial institutions (343).
(343). (343) banks
They will also take steps to investigate these
(344) and perhaps even reimburse (344) illegal activities
fraudulent activities (344) and
(345) give you back the
 52.
Identity Theft
Identity theft refers to any behavior of acquiring and
collecting others' personal information for criminal
purposes. Identity theft is usually done to gain financial
advantage (338) from
(338) from the victims.
(338) take money
Protecting your personal information using layers of 
data protection is vitally important and
important and should not be
taken lightly given
lightly given the fact that credit card theft has
become very rampant (339) 
(339)  recently. Many people (339) spreading,
including me express a high level of frustration popular (in a bad way)
towards this issue since they lose their money out of 
thin air from time to time.
(340) you should
If it is ever the case to
case to you, you are asked to (340) (341) start to
take steps (341) to mitigate the damage (342) by (342) minimize the
damage
reporting the theft to your financial institutions (343).
(343). (343) banks
They will also take steps to investigate these
(344) and perhaps even reimburse (344) illegal activities
fraudulent activities (344) and
(345) give you back the
your losses (345).
(345). lost money

Because identity theft is very rampant

rampant,, one is asked to
actively prevent it from happening (346) by (346) good phrase
establishing several layers of protection rather than
waiting until it happens. Prevention will definitely
(347) reduce the chance
reduce the exposure to the risk (347) of  of being at risk
these fraudulent activities and
activities and bring peace to your
mind.

Just remember that many bad guys are out there ready
to gain financial advantage from
advantage from you by engaging in
various fraudulent activities.
 Tip!
 Banks --> Financial institutions
Schools --> Educational institutions
University/College --> Post-secondary
institutions

53.
Customer
 Profiling
In the digital age, information has become one of the
most crucial factors in the pursuit of (348) (348) in pursuing
competitive advantage (349).
(349). In fact, many companies (349) advantage that
express their desperate
their desperate need (350) 
(350)  for relevant makes you better than
information to generate more sales (351).
(351). One your competitors
(350) extreme need
common practice that many, especially retailers, apply (351) make more sales
is customer profiling. What is customer profiling?

Customer profiling refers to any activities that collect,

store and process customer's information or behavior
in an attempt to tailor (352) 
(352)  promotional programs that (352) customize (to fit a
fit with each specific customer profile. For example, the specific situation)
way you walk down the aisle, pick up a product or
purchase a product in a retail store can be monitored
for profiling purposes. Over time, that retail store will
have sufficient information to suggest you the
products you most likely like.
 53.
Customer
 Profiling
In the digital age, information has become one of the
most crucial factors in the pursuit of (348) (348) in pursuing
competitive advantage (349).
(349). In fact, many companies (349) advantage that
express their desperate
their desperate need (350) 
(350)  for relevant makes you better than
information to generate more sales (351).
(351). One your competitors
(350) extreme need
common practice that many, especially retailers, apply (351) make more sales
is customer profiling. What is customer profiling?

Customer profiling refers to any activities that collect,

store and process customer's information or behavior
in an attempt to tailor (352) 
(352)  promotional programs that (352) customize (to fit a
fit with each specific customer profile. For example, the specific situation)
way you walk down the aisle, pick up a product or
purchase a product in a retail store can be monitored
for profiling purposes. Over time, that retail store will
have sufficient information to suggest you the
products you most likely like.

YouTube, Facebook, or Amazon follow the same

practice of customer profiling. They track our behavior
and analyze it to tailor their promotional program or
products to be suggested. It's clear customer profiling
helps generate more sales for
sales for corporations and also
suggest relevant goods or services to customers. That
said, monitoring
  monitoring and tracking customers to build
customer profile raise a question of ethics (353).
(353). A (353) good phrase
myriad of customers do not wish to provide too much
information to other parties. Yet, in most cases, the
profiling is done without the knowledge of (354) the (354) good phrase
customers.
 Tip!
"Raise a question of______" is an excellent
 phrase to use in Sentence (14)*
*will be discussed at the Strategy for Writing
section

54.
Sweatshops
You are taking in a myriad of  real
  real fancy words for
IELTS. Words that score you points. One of them is
"sweatshops". What are sweatshops?

Sweatshops (355) refer to factories in which (355) factories having

employees have to work in very poor
very poor working poor working conditions
paying very low wages
conditions (356) for
(356) for long hours and get paid very (356) good phrase
unfairly low with little to no benefit. Imagine a giant
clothes factory where so many workers are focusing
on cutting and making clothes for 12 hours straight
from early morning to late evening. At month end, they
receive wages that can barely feed their children.
Surprisingly, this practice is very rampant
rampant in
 in countries
like China, Bangladesh or even Vietnam, raising many
questions of ethics.

There have been many protests against the practice of 

operating sweatshops
sweatshops to
 to reduce production costs,
especially in the case of iPhone factory in China. Apple
engaged in offshore oursourcing,
oursourcing, shifting millions of 
factory jobs to China because of much lower labor
costs. Chinese workers are paid unfairly low wages for
 54.
Sweatshops
You are taking in a myriad of  real
  real fancy words for
IELTS. Words that score you points. One of them is
"sweatshops". What are sweatshops?

Sweatshops (355) refer to factories in which (355) factories having

employees have to work in very poor
very poor working poor working conditions
paying very low wages
conditions (356) for
(356) for long hours and get paid very (356) good phrase
unfairly low with little to no benefit. Imagine a giant
clothes factory where so many workers are focusing
on cutting and making clothes for 12 hours straight
from early morning to late evening. At month end, they
receive wages that can barely feed their children.
Surprisingly, this practice is very rampant
rampant in
 in countries
like China, Bangladesh or even Vietnam, raising many
questions of ethics.

There have been many protests against the practice of 

operating sweatshops
sweatshops to to reduce production costs,
especially in the case of iPhone factory in China. Apple
engaged in offshore oursourcing,
oursourcing, shifting millions of 
factory jobs to China because of much lower labor
costs. Chinese workers are paid unfairly low wages for
long hours under poor
under poor working conditions,
conditions, causing
widespread public disagreement on a global scale (357) ~globally => good
(357).. In fact, a myriad of customers who are aware of  phrase to give better
(357)
this business practice refuse to purchase any Apple detail on scale
products while it is actually beneficial for them because
sweatshops help many people afford products at lower
prices.

Would you purchase products from companies

engaging in sweatshops
sweatshops? ? It is clear one can buy
products with much lower price but of course at the
expense of  millions
  millions of poor workers.
 Be careful!
"Rampant" is not equal "popular".
Rampant violence, rampant inflation
(getting out of control, widespread)

55.
Minimum
Wage
I know you have heard quite a lot about the minimum
wage issue. Many people are complaining about the
fact that their wages are just or even not enough for
them to make ends meet given
meet given the high price level.

What are the possible impacts of a wage hike (358)?

(358)? (358) wage increase
Supporters of wage hikes say
hikes say that a wage hike would
raise overall standard of living (359) since
(359) since higher (359) living standard
income means higher purchasing power (360).(360). This (360) the measure on
will help people on the verge of poverty afford
poverty afford how much you could buy
(361) things you have to
necessities of life (361) to
(361) to be able to work and live. buy to live properly, like
For the economy as a whole, a wage hike once
hike once food, water, clothes
enacted will stimulate consumption (362),
(362), thereby (362) make people
people spend
more money
injecting more money to the economy (363).(363) . Sounds (363) put more money
amazing right? So why don't they increase wages? to the economy

Because wage hikes are

hikes are also fraught with pitfalls.
pitfalls. It is
 55.
Minimum
Wage
I know you have heard quite a lot about the minimum
wage issue. Many people are complaining about the
fact that their wages are just or even not enough for
them to make ends meet given
meet given the high price level.

What are the possible impacts of a wage hike (358)?

(358)? (358) wage increase
Supporters of wage hikes say
hikes say that a wage hike would
raise overall standard of living (359) since
(359) since higher (359) living standard
income means higher purchasing power (360).(360). This (360) the measure on
will help people on the verge of poverty afford
poverty afford how much you could buy
(361) things you have to
necessities of life (361) to
(361) to be able to work and live. buy to live properly, like
For the economy as a whole, a wage hike once
hike once food, water, clothes
enacted will stimulate consumption (362),
(362), thereby (362) make people
people spend
more money
injecting more money to the economy (363).(363) . Sounds (363) put more money
amazing right? So why don't they increase wages? to the economy

Because wage hikes are

hikes are also fraught with pitfalls.
pitfalls. It is
clear the entity that bears the burden of
burden of a wage hike is
corporations. By paying workers higher wages, two
things will inevitably
inevitably happen.
 happen. One is that the burden will
be passed onto consumers, making them pay for the
increased production costs caused by wage hikes. hikes. This
will leads to inflation. Second is that businesses will
have to cut expenses by laying off workers, thereby
creating unemployment. Businesses will only pay the
increased wages to high-skilled workers, making
lower-skilled ones at the highest risk of  joblessness.
  joblessness.

Clearly the benefits and drawbacks of wage hikes are

not always cut and dry (364) as one may expect (364) clear
 poor people
people on the verge of poverty
OR
low-income people

56.
Heuristics
God. I love this word so bad. "Heuristics" If you ever
have a chance to use this word in IELTS writing, please
do. Basically, this is a technical term in social
psychology. Heuristics (365) simply
(365) simply mean mental (365) mental shortcuts
in our brain that help
shortcuts, playing a crucial role in problem-solving and us make quick everyday
decision-making. Simply put, you make a myriad of  decision
decisions and solve a myriad of problems everyday
without spending time doing in-depth research. How
could you do that? Heuristics
Heuristics..

You tend to believe right away air traveling is more

dangerous than driving because you've seen a lot of 
air crashes on the media more than anything else. That
belief is quick but not necessarily true. That belief is
quickly formed by a mental shortcut or a heuristic
heuristic.. You
believe in that because there is a shortcut that helps
you, which in this case is due to the media. But if you
spend time doing research, you will see that air
traveling is significantly safer than driving. Therefore,
heuristics may
heuristics  may help you to make decisions when you
have little or no time but these decisions may be
fraught with errors.

So two ways of making a decision or solving a (366) good phrase

 56.
Heuristics
God. I love this word so bad. "Heuristics" If you ever
have a chance to use this word in IELTS writing, please
do. Basically, this is a technical term in social
psychology. Heuristics (365) simply
(365) simply mean mental (365) mental shortcuts
in our brain that help
shortcuts, playing a crucial role in problem-solving and us make quick everyday
decision-making. Simply put, you make a myriad of  decision
decisions and solve a myriad of problems everyday
without spending time doing in-depth research. How
could you do that? Heuristics
Heuristics..

You tend to believe right away air traveling is more

dangerous than driving because you've seen a lot of 
air crashes on the media more than anything else. That
belief is quick but not necessarily true. That belief is
quickly formed by a mental shortcut or a heuristic
heuristic.. You
believe in that because there is a shortcut that helps
you, which in this case is due to the media. But if you
spend time doing research, you will see that air
traveling is significantly safer than driving. Therefore,
heuristics may
heuristics  may help you to make decisions when you
have little or no time but these decisions may be
fraught with errors.

So two ways of making a decision or solving a (366) good phrase

problem. One is done by focusing mentally on (366)
doing research and looking at actual number. This is
time-consuming but more accurate. The other is done
by heuristics
heuristics.. Much faster but may be fraught with
errors.. Stereotype is a prime example of
errors example of a heuristic
heuristic..
Remember stereotype
stereotype we
 we talked about last section?
Quick judgments or preconceived perceptions on a
social group. Yes, it gives you a quick overall idea on
things but not necessarily 
necessarily  represent the reality,

Therefore, use that word when you want to get your (367) widespread and
popular
point across because heuristics
heuristics are
 are prevalent (367)
 with with
Heuristics mental focus
faster slower

irrational more rational

lack of depth deep

57.
Altruism
Do you see that big word above-Altruism? What is
altruism? Altruism (368) is
(368) is the desire to help other (368) the desire to help
people. Remember that this is a desire coming from others
inside, not something someone has to do.

Yes, a myriad of  people

  people are engaging in prosocial (369) good behavior to
behavior (369) 
(369)  everyday like making charitable the society
(370) good phrase
donations (370) 
(370)  to schools, religious organizations or
social and political causes (371). They
(371). They may even risk (371) any social or
political activities done
their own lives to save a stranger. People behaving by the governments
altruistically (372) are
(372) are often appreciated by the society for the good of the society
because of their selfless concern (373) for
(373) for others. - Very good phrase
(372) behaving in a good
way to the society
Even if you don't often behave altruistically to a (373) thinking about
stranger, you may engage in kinship altruism (374).
(374). others rather than
oneself 
Kinship   means blood relationship. Kinship altruism
Kinship (374) altruism towards
means that you are motivated to behave altruistically family members
towards your family members.

You may even engage in behaving altruistically to a

 57.
Altruism
Do you see that big word above-Altruism? What is
altruism? Altruism (368) is
(368) is the desire to help other (368) the desire to help
people. Remember that this is a desire coming from others
inside, not something someone has to do.

Yes, a myriad of  people

  people are engaging in prosocial (369) good behavior to
behavior (369) 
(369)  everyday like making charitable the society
(370) good phrase
donations (370) 
(370)  to schools, religious organizations or
social and political causes (371). They
(371). They may even risk (371) any social or
political activities done
their own lives to save a stranger. People behaving by the governments
altruistically (372) are
(372) are often appreciated by the society for the good of the society
because of their selfless concern (373) for
(373) for others. - Very good phrase
(372) behaving in a good
way to the society
Even if you don't often behave altruistically to a (373) thinking about
stranger, you may engage in kinship altruism (374).
(374). others rather than
oneself 
Kinship   means blood relationship. Kinship altruism
Kinship (374) altruism towards
means that you are motivated to behave altruistically family members
towards your family members.

You may even engage in behaving altruistically to a

stranger because you expect he or she may give you
something in return in the future. That's called
reciprocal altruism (375). Reciprocal'' means mutual or (375) mutual altruism
(375). 'Reciprocal
in return. It's not actually bad at all. Because many
people believe if they help other people more, that will
increase the odd (376) of
(376) of them being helped by (376) increase the chance
someone else. Simply put, you do good things because
you believe good things will happen to you someday.

So whether it is kinship altruism or reciprocal altruism,

altruism,
altruistic behavior should always be upheld by all
societies.
 Reciprocal

58.
Generic
Engineering
Generic engineering refers to the alteration (377) or (377) change (replace)
direct intervention (378) of a generic structure in (378) ~interfere with
order to improve the existing genes. The definition is
pretty confusing, right? Simply put, generic engineering
is the process of changing or modifying genes.

Generic engineering is considered a very controversial

topic. Supporters believe that it holds many
(379) have future
promises (379) for
(379) for humanity since we could now cure advantages
many deseases that we otherwise could not. This pro- (380) way of thinking
science school of thought (380) 
(380)  encourages 
encourages  medical (381) good phrase
(382) good phrase
advances (381) for
(381) for fighting illnesses (382) given (383) the weakness
human frailty (383) facing
(383) facing with the brutality of nature. of human (compared to
In the eyes of proponents, generic engineering is the nature)
(384) the evidence/
manifestation of (384) human
(384) human evolution and we should display of 
not question it.
 58.
Generic
Engineering
Generic engineering refers to the alteration (377) or (377) change (replace)
direct intervention (378) of a generic structure in (378) ~interfere with
order to improve the existing genes. The definition is
pretty confusing, right? Simply put, generic engineering
is the process of changing or modifying genes.

Generic engineering is considered a very controversial

topic. Supporters believe that it holds many
(379) have future
promises (379) for
(379) for humanity since we could now cure advantages
many deseases that we otherwise could not. This pro- (380) way of thinking
science school of thought (380) 
(380)  encourages 
encourages  medical (381) good phrase
(382) good phrase
advances (381) for
(381) for fighting illnesses (382) given (383) the weakness
human frailty (383) facing
(383) facing with the brutality of nature. of human (compared to
In the eyes of proponents, generic engineering is the nature)
(384) the evidence/
manifestation of (384) human
(384) human evolution and we should display of 
not question it.

Opponents, on the other hand, consider generic

engineering an unethical and unnatural way of curing
deceases. They believe direct intervention in genes will (385) unexpected results
lead to the unknown consequences (385) in
(385) in future
human development. Any attempt to resist natural
processes can come at a great cost for
cost for generations to
come.

The question on whether generic engineering offers

net positive benefits to
benefits to humanity seems to early get
satisfactorily answered. Your job is to incorporate
these arguments into your IELTS writing *LOL*
have bad effect
come at a cost

59.
Same-sex
Marriage
Politicians and activists worldwide are fighting over
whether or not same-sex marriage should be
legalized. What is your position on this issue?

A myriad of homosexual
of homosexual couples (386) are
(386) are in (386) gay/lesbian couples
desperate need of
need of being accepted by the society both
morally and naturally in their marriages. That said,
entities like religious organizations, the governments
and general public have different schools of thought
on this issue.

Supporters believe the legalization of same-sex

marriage bestows many benefits upon both
upon both the
couples themselves and the society as a whole.
Marriage would provide gay couples with both
physical and psychological benefits as they are certain
of their positions. This would also reduce the divorce
(387) significantly
 59.
Same-sex
Marriage
Politicians and activists worldwide are fighting over
whether or not same-sex marriage should be
legalized. What is your position on this issue?

A myriad of homosexual
of homosexual couples (386) are
(386) are in (386) gay/lesbian couples
desperate need of
need of being accepted by the society both
morally and naturally in their marriages. That said,
entities like religious organizations, the governments
and general public have different schools of thought
on this issue.

Supporters believe the legalization of same-sex

marriage bestows many benefits upon both
upon both the
couples themselves and the society as a whole.
Marriage would provide gay couples with both
physical and psychological benefits as they are certain
of their positions. This would also reduce the divorce
rates by a substantial amount (387) due to reduced (387) significantly
distress among couples.

Opponents reason that same-sex marrige is immoral

and unnatural, thus harming the institution of marriage (388) the establishment of 
(388) as
(388)  as an union of man and woman established marriage (by tradition)
throughout the history of human race. In addition,
infertility (389) would not enable homosexual couples (389) inability to give
to live up to (390) the
(390) the sacred institution of marrige,
marrige, birth
thereby destroying the whole purposes of being a (390) fulfil
married couple.

What do you think?

 Tip!
Sometimes you can use "by a substantial
amount" rather than "substantially" or 
"significantly" to make your sentence more
natural

Strategy For Writin

no one ever told you
Strategy For Writin
no one ever told you
Time and Energy are scarce
2552 = 14
2552 = 14
Structure 2552 = 14
The 6 no brainer

(1) Abortion has become a topic of discussion as it brings

(1) Abortion
about numerous unintended social consequences over the
past few years. (2) Although
Although the
 the pro-choice school of thought
offer some advantages, abortion is still fraught with pitfalls.
(1) Nuclear power has become a highly recognized topic of 
(1) Nuclear
discussion on
discussion  on a global scale given its high political
involvement and media attention over the past decades. (2)
Although the use of nuclear power has carried some
negative connotations due
connotations due to media portrayals,
portrayals, it offers a
great net positive benefit overall.
benefit overall.
(3) First, disposing human fetuses is
fetuses is ethically and socially 
unacceptable because
unacceptable  because they are recognized as human beings.
(13) In conclusion, even though maternal choices have received
(13) In
explicit legal recognition, they still could not justify the act of 
unborn disposition
unborn  disposition of any kind => Meaning you disagree (restating
disagree (restating
your opinion)

(13) In conclusion, although the pro-choice school of thought has

made its point on certain legal aspects of maternal choices,
choices, it is still
barely persuasive enough in denying the reverence
reverence for
 for the unborn's
rights to live. => Same meaning (restating your opinion)
(13) In conclusion, although the pro-choice school of thought has
(13) In
made its point on certain legal aspects of maternal choices, it
choices, it is still
barely persuasive enough in denying the reverence
reverence for
 for the unborn's
rights to live. (14)
(14) Therefore,
 Therefore, the abortion issue would certainly be
limited to its reasonable level if
level if all the parties involved are better
informed on how significant a human unborn's life actually is.
You need to be boring 
You need to be boring 
Vocab Discussion for
the 8 Critical Sentences

Imposing higher taxes will increase governments' revenue

but will also compromise
compromise people's
 people's motivation to work hard.
=> Get something, lose something else

Focusing on massive economic growth is vitally important

but it will somewhat compromise
compromise environmental
 environmental
sustainability. => Get something, lose something else

 The legalization of drug would offer

offer the governments
increased tax revenues but will certainly compromise social
stability. => Get something, lose something else
Although capital punishment (death penalty) is a great way 
to deter crimes, it compromises __________

Raising a pet is considered one of the best ways to reduce

stress but it will compromise
compromise ______
 ______

Although globalization is proved to have greatly promoted

cultural intermingling, it still compromises
compromises ______
 ______
 The governments should strike a balance between
promoting economic development and protecting the
environment in the long run.
=> Simple solution, strike a balance

Schools need to strike a balance between disciplining

students and allowing them to raise their own voices.
=> Simple solution, strike a balance
 The abortion rate has increased over the past 10 years

=> Lawmakers should strike a balance between

balance between maternal
choices and the rights to live of the human unborn.

Extraterrestrial life can invade Earth and that may cause

massive problems.

=> Scientists from all over the world should strike a balance
between seeking extraterrestrial life and maintaining the
safety of humanity in the long run.
Favoring maternal choices over the rights to live of the
unborn will further increase the abortion rate which is
already high and thereby put the health of the mothers
themselves in jeopardy  as
 as they will have a greater incentive
to exercise the abortion option more often.
=> Cause-effect and make your argument more valid.

Schools that are too liberated when it comes to clothes

might put students' punctuality in jeopardy  since
 since students
would spend more time on choosing clothes rather than
showing up on time.
=> Cause-effect and make your argument more valid
(4) Placing maternal choices above the rights of the unborn
(4) Placing
is much due to day-to-day media portrayals on a massive
scale, which therefore should not be viewed as rational and
even ethical.
=> Blame the media to make our point more valid

(4) Global warming should be deemed overrated due to

unnecessarily large-scale media portrayals on
portrayals on this issue
over many years. (5)
(5) Thus,
 Thus, it is imperative for local
authorities to impose legal restrictions on the presentation
of global warming to its acceptable levels so people can
have a more accurate understanding on its picture.
=> Blame the media to make our point valid
=> Tell the governments/local authorities what to do to
offer our solution with super ease.
 There is sufficient evidence to infer that
that global
 global warming is
not quite a global issue as one might expect, much due to
the media's exaggeration. In actuality, there are only a few
regions affected by prolonged droughts or abnormally high
temperatures, which should not be perceived as a
widespread problem.
=> Luckily for you, you don't have to cite your sources of 
information. So even if you formulate the wrong info, that's
really not too big of a deal in IELTS writing.

 There is enough evidence to infer that death penalty is very 

cost-effective as
cost-effective  as the governments do not have to provide
food and accommodations to criminals for the rest of their
lives in prison.
Given the argument that abortion may have some health
implications to the mothers, it is still a very cost-effective
way for birth control as a last resort. If not taken, the cost
of raising a kid when
kid when the mother is not ready can be
considerably higher while the quality of the upbringing may 
not be adequately compensated.
=> You have considered the cost => That's good!

Food stamps may appear beneficial to low-income people to

afford healthy food but the cost for the governments to
implement may not justify the real benefits they offer. For
instance, there have been reportedly many abusing
incidents in which people use those sizeable governments'
transfer payments to purchase junk food, which clearly 
deviates from the core purpose of the program.
=> It's very nice to support low-income people, but after
considering the cost, it's not that great anymore
Abortion has become one of the world (HOW BIG) most
BIG) most
debated issues over the past few decades (WHEN IT IS
KNOWN) as
KNOWN)  as it also involves a diversity of societal and
religious school of thought (WHY.)
Before

Make the cause effect

appear more formal 
use "given that" to
acknowledge the
preexisting fact, making
the argument more
valid and objective
Give examples of 
global warming to
make the sentence
more valid and specific
List out extra affected
parties

 After

Academic Vocabulary
For Those Who Hate Spending Too Much Time
On Bullsh*t IELTS books
1. Vitally important
2. Do not take them lightly
3. Every so often
4. Coupled with
5. Produce desirable outcomes
6. Familiarize yourself
7. A myriad of
8. Unprecedented
9. Expertise
10. Dedicated to V-ing
11. Simplify
12. Utilize
13. Illustrate the point
14. Have to do with
15. Compromise
16. Individuality
17. Of good quality
18. The same goes for
19. Bear in mind
20. Detrimental
21. Create a by-product
22. Make it possible
23. As easy as it sounds
24. Underlying principles
25. That also explains
26. Backbone
27. To some degree
28. Constitute
29. Irrespective of
30. Place significant emphasis on
31. Complement
32. Ultimately
33. is an indication of
34. That's not necessarily true
35. of value
36. Aware of its existence
37. on a daily basis
38. facilitate
39. without the existence of
40. suffer losses
41. Lose a chance to
42. Imply
43. Relies heaviliy on
44. be perceived as
45. highly beneficial
46. a high degree of
47. be motivated to
48. Catering food
49. Rendering services
50. Create value to the society
51. Are more likely to
52. Associate with
53. Greatly benefit from that
54. Has been around
55.A necessity
56. Today fast-paced life
57. Savvy
58. Two distinct notions
59. Get into the habit of
60. That way,
61. to impart
62. Get accustomed to
63. unraveled
64. Copyright infringement
65. intellectual property
66. Express permission
67. It's safe to say that
68. the likelihood is very slim
69. ethical issues
70. As a result
71. Inevitably
72. Down the road
73. Embark on
74. Ethically acceptable
75. There is sufficient evidence to
infer that
76. skeptics/skepticism
77. Biased
78. a real phenomenon
79. Closely related
80. incorporate into
81. Chances are
82. There is always room for
83. Mandatory
84. Acknowledge
85. Act accordingly
86. As can be observed
87. Take advantage of
88. Time is scarce
89. When it comes to
90. government bodies
91. Administer
92. A variety of
93. Economic and societal activities
94. Municipal
95. Carry out different policies
96. Government agencies
97. Serve their functions
98. Reach a certain level of
99. Excessively demanding
100. Than one can expect
101. Social welfare
102. levied (imposed)
103. Goods and services
104. Theoretically speaking
105. public transit
106. a complicated matter
107. Ordinary citizens
108. Tax avoidance
109. Tax liability
110. Tax evasion
111. Recommend against
112. Arbitrary
113. Implant firmly
114. Maximize customer satisfaction
115. healthy relationship
116. companionship
117. Bestow a lot of benefits up on
118. Involve a great deal of responsibility
119. Based on this fact
120. Adopt a pet
121. Think twice
122. Coupled with benefits lie hidden
problems
123. pet accessories
124. Also of importance
125. Hygienic care
126. dog grooming service
127. Ideal solution
128. Pose potential risks
129. Love and affection
130. Playful personalities
131. Dietary plan
132. Increase the risk of (disease)
133. is linked to (disease)
134. Put your health in jeopardy
135. Sugar consumption
136. Whole food
137. processed food
138. Guard against
139. Meat alternatives
140. Do the grocery shopping
141. Read food labels
142. Cultural intermingling
143. Mingle
144. Cultural diversity
145. Thanks to
146. Tolerate each other's differences
147. Egalitarian society
148. Make less arbitrary decisions
149. Low-income people
150. Pronounced
151. Net prositive (negative) benefits
152. Are fraught with pitfalls
153. Job loss oversea
154. Offshore outsourcing
155. The wide discrepancy
156. In an attempt to
157. Largely contributes to
158. Income inequality
159. Narrow the gap
160. Pose problems
161. Spread infectious diseases
162. Get around rules and regulations
163. are packed with
164. Imperative
165. the commitment of crimes
166. capital punishment
167. remain a highly controversial topic
168. benevolent
169. an unethical way to
170. the costs to implement
171. prohibitively high
172. strike a balance
173. cost-effective
173. Comes into play
174. imminent threats
174. drug trafficking
175. It becomes clear
176. psychoactive drugs
177. drug addtiction
178. lucrative underground businesses
178. Mainstream media
179. Alternative media
180. Feed the information
181. a prime example
182. Highly credible
183. highly manipulative
184. The sentiments
185. Disseminate information
186. keep a skeptical mindset
187. Challenge the view
188. Lose faith in
189. funding sources
190. broadcast news
191. Cater news
192. counterpart
193. Primary purpose
194. Formulate fake news
194. Extraterrestrial life
195 Solid evidence
195. serve the purpose
196. Take into consideration
197. Extraterrestrial civilizations
198. Exoplanets
199. favorable conditions
200. Harbor lives
201. Brief life-span (of the human race)
202. a strong believer in
203. Satiate curiosity
204. anomalies
205. decipher
206. conspiracy theorists
207. far beyone human's comprehension
208. Come into contact
209. Fictitious
210. Hoaxes
211. Pro-life and pro-choice
212. the unborn
213. human fetus
214. malevolent
215. the key argument
216. legal restrictions against
217. the reproduction rights
218. -
219. unintended pregnancies
220. maternal choices
221. uphold the reverence
222. lawmakers
223. two diverging views
224. carries some negative connotations
225. media portrayals
226. most sustainable energy sources
227. carbon emissions
228. the primary cause
229. For civilian purpose
230. Nuclear weapon proliferation
231. National security
232. deleterious effects
233. ecological community
234. inhabit
235. radioactive waste
236. beilef systems
237. Subscribing to a religion
238. perform a ritual
239. religious law
240. maintain a healthy mental state
241. ethical and moral codes
242. the needy
243. an atheist
244. higher consciousness
245. practice religion
246. religious practitioners
247.
. in a reasonable manner
248. Embrace
249. extract
250. oil driling
251. refine
252. oil refinery
253. oil wells
254. on the verge of
255. take environmental actions
256. vary from one discipline to another
257. dress casually
258. comply with
259. dress code policy
260. meet the professional standards
261. convey a message
262. influence the perception of
263. Show a consistent trend
264. prevail
265. prohibitively expensive
266. intermittent
267. dilute
268. disrupt (an activity)
269. solar panels
270. harness enough energy
271. puberty
272. reproductive processes
273. reproductive organs
274. abstinence
275. birth control
276. sexual orientation
277. common STDs
278. a parental converation
279. if that is not the case
280. engaging in sexual activities
281. caused quite a variety of responses
282. complete unanimity on
283. on a global scale
284. bears the burden . 321. certainl
certainly
y ensue
ensue
285. check-ups 322. stereotype
286. exams 323. preconceived perceptions
287. operations 324. truly represent the reality
288. publicly-funded health care regime 325. exceptionally good
289. The ease of accessibility 326. social loafing
290. Come at a cost 327. are prone to
291. scale back 328. exert less effort on
292. scope of coverage 329. pooling
293. make room for 330. That said
294. clinics 331. express frustration towards
295. supplementary coverages 332. food stamps
296. deem 333. eligible for
297. cause widespread public disagreement 334. earning a living wage
298. openly discuss the issue 335. assist them financially
299. insurance premium 336. a certain threshold
300. medical bills 337. deviate from its core purpose
301. medical assistance 338. gain financial advantage
302. covered 339. rampant
303. at the highest risk 340. you are asked to
304. unable to 341. take steps to
305. restricted 342. mitigate the damage
306. liberated 343. financial institutions
307. constraints 344. fraudulent activities
308. surveillance 345. reimburse the losses
309. the truth will be exposed 346. prevent it from happening
310. ever-growing 347. the exposure to the risk
311. the norm 348. in the pursuit of
312. withhold the information 349. competitive advantage
313. in-depth research 350. desperate need
314. expand your horizons 351. generate more sales
315. there is a strong link between 352. tailor
316. transmit 353. raise a question of ethics
317. disseminate 354. without the knowledge of
318. bad-mouthing 355. sweatshops
319. unlawful 356. poor working conditions
320. positively correlated 356. on the global scale
 . scale
357. on a global
358. wage hike
359. standard of living
360. purchasing power
361. necessities of life
362. Stimulate consumption
363. injecting more money to the econ
364. cut and dry
365. heuristics
366. focusing mentally on
367. prevalent
368. altruism
369. prosocial behavior
370. making charitable donations
371. social and political causes
372. behaving altruistically
373. selfless concern
374. kinship altruism
375. reciprocal altruism
376. increase the odd of
377. alteration
378. direct intervention
379. hold many promises
380. school of thought
381. medical advances
382. fighting illnesses
383. human frailty
384. the manifestation of
385. unknown consequences
386. homosexual couples
387. by a substantial amount
388. the institution of marriage
389. infertility
390. to live up to