Guinto, Josiah Vonn Understanding the Self

BPA 1-2 Prof. Timothy Domingo

Contraceptives
Contraception or Birth control are methods and devices used in order to stop or
avoid being pregnant. Contraceptives, depending which type is used, can either prevent the
releasing of an egg, prevent the sperm from reaching the egg, or to prevent the
implantation of the egg from the womb. There are two main types of contraception, the
hormonal and barrier method. First, the hormonal method uses lab-made hormones which
when applied, can make hormonal changes to your body to prevent pregnancy. Second, the
barrier method simply prevents the sperm from reaching the egg.
Condoms (Barrier) Condoms are coverings 82%-98% Effectiveness and
worn around the penis or serves as a protection from
inside the vagina, usually STIs
made out of latex.

Oral Contraceptive Pill Commonly called as “the 91%-99% Effectiveness.

(Hormonal) pill”, this is the most Does not protect from STIs
commonly used female
contraceptive. There are two
types of OCP: the combined
pill (contains oestrogen and
progesterone) and the mini
pill (contains progesterone).
Contraceptive Implant A small, flexible rod is put 99% Effective. Does not
(Hormonal) under a woman’s upper arm protect from STIs
which releases progesterone
in order to prevent
pregnancy.
Intrauterine Device (IUD)
(Hormonal) The IUD is a small, T-shaped 99% Effective. Does not
device inserted into a protect from STIs
woman’s uterus. The device
is made of a material that
contains progesterone or is
made of plastic and copper.

Contraceptive Injection Injects progesterone into the 94%-99% Effectiveness.

woman’s body (from the Does not protect from STIs
(Hormonal) buttocks or upper arm) and
releases the hormones
slowly over 12 weeks.

Emergency Contraception Commonly known as the Used within 3-5 days after
‘morning after’ pill, this is unprotected sex (more
(Hormonal) taken within 3-5 days after effective if taken earlier)
unprotected sex.

Contraceptive Ring A flexible, plastic ring 91%-99% Effectiveness.

containing oestrogen and Does not protect from STIs
(Hormonal)
progesterone that is put
inside the vagina.
Diaphragm (Barrier)
A small, soft silicon dome 88%-94% Effectiveness.
that is placed inside the Does not protect from STIs
vagina to stop sperm from
entering the uterus.

Vasectomy (Barrier) A permanent method of 99% Effective. Does not

contraception done by protect from STIs
surgery where the seminary
vesicles or the fallopian tube
is cut off, disabling the
ability for reproduction.

Contraceptive Patch A plaster-like patch worn on 99% Effective. Does not

(Hormonal) the skin. The patch can be protect from STIs
worn for 21 days, but cannot
be worn for 7 days when in
menstruation.

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) or Venereal Disease (VD) are infections that
pass from one person to another through sexual contact. STIs are viral and dangerous, and
transmission of STIs are commonly brought through sexual intercourse, but can also be
transmitted through unsterilized drug needles, breastfeeding, blood transfusion, and so
forth. As the genitals are a warm and moist environment, it is an ideal breeding ground for
viruses, bacteria, and yeasts. Such organisms can be transmitted during sexual intercourse
via semen, vaginal discharge, blood, and by skin contact. STIs are scary as it is viral, and a
person is most vulnerable when having unprotected sex.
Kinds Of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI)
HIV (human Can be transmitted through:
immunodeficiency virus) is a Blood-to-blood contact,
virus that attacks cells that unsterilized or used medical
help the body fight infection, needles, breastfeeding,
making a person more sexual contact, child birth,
vulnerable to other blood transfusions.
infections and diseases. It is
spread by contact with
certain bodily fluids of a
person with HIV, most
commonly during
unprotected sex (sex
without a condom or HIV
medicine to prevent or treat
HIV), or through sharing
injection drug equipment.

AIDS is the late stage of HIV

infection that occurs when
the body’s immune system is
badly damaged because of
the virus.
Chlamydia is a bacterial Can be transmitted through:
infection (Chlamydia Sexual contact (vaginal or
trachomatis) that’s easily anal, most likely for oral sex)
cured with antibiotic
medicine. It’s one of the
most common STDs, and
most people who have
chlamydia don’t show any
symptoms.

Gonorrhea is an infection Can be transmitted through:

caused by a sexually Sexual contact (vaginal, anal,
transmitted bacterium or oral sex)
(Neisseria gonorrhoeae) that
can infect both males and
females. Gonorrhea most
often affects the urethra,
rectum or throat. In females,
gonorrhea can also infect the
cervix.
Pelvic inflammatory disease Can be transmitted through:
(PID) is an infection of the sexually transmitted
female reproductive organs. bacteria (Multiple
It usually occurs when microorganism, most
sexually transmitted commonly Chlamydia
bacteria spread from your trachomatis and Neisseria
vagina to your uterus, gonorrhoea)
fallopian tubes or ovaries.

Genital herpes is a common Can be transmitted through:

sexually transmitted Skin to skin contact and
infection caused by the sexual contact
herpes simplex virus (HSV).
After the initial infection, the
virus lies dormant in your
body and can reactivate
several times a year.
Syphilis is a dangerous STI Can be transmitted through:
causing terrible skin lesions. Sexual contact, contact with
The bacterium Treponema sores (chancres), child birth,
pallidum eventually slips and blood transfusion
into the bloodstream, which
sends it to organs outside
the reproductive tract.

Human papillomavirus is a Can be transmitted through:

name for a group of viruses Sexual contact and mouth
that affect the skin and and throat contact
mucous membranes, such as
the throat, cervix, anus, and
mouth. HPV infection can
lead to abnormal cell growth
and alteration within the
cervix, significantly
increasing the risk of
cervical cancer and genital
warts.
 The lice attach to the pubic Can be transmitted through:
hair, and may also be Sexual contact
sometimes found in the
armpits, mustache, beard,
eyelashes, and eyebrows.
They feed on human blood.

Also known as soft chancre Can be transmitted through:

and ulcus molle, the Sexual contact
infection causes painful
sores on the genitals.
Chancroid is more common
in developing nations,
especially among
commercial sex workers and
some lower socioeconomic
groups.

Hepatitis is considered as an Can be transmitted through:

STI wherein the liver swells, Sexual contact, unsterilized
and an individual can syringe, being accidentally
experience serious liver pricked by a sharp object,
damage as a result of HBV. breastfeeding, human bite
This can eventually lead to
cancer, and the disease can
sometimes become chronic.

References:
American Academy of Pediatrics. (n.d.). Types of Sexually Transmitted Infections. Retrieved
from https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/sexually-
transmitted/Pages/Types-of-Sexually-Transmitted-Infections.aspx
Basford, K. (2019, May 17). Types of Contraceptives: A guide to the different methods of
contraception. Retrieved from https://www.zavamed.com/uk/types-of-
contraceptives.html
World Health Organization. (2019, June 14). Sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Retrieved fromhttps://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sexually-transmitted-
infections-(stis)