Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

Mathematics
Algebra and graphs (1)

Introduction
 Algebra vs. Numbers
 Why we use algebra?
 Does algebra has definite/ range of solutions?
 How does it relates to graphical illustration to solve problems?

1. Linear Expansion (Distributive Law)

Expand and simplify:
3(x + 1) = 3(x – 4) + 2(5 + x) =
2(5 – x) = 2a + (a – 2b) =
– (x + 2) = 2(b – a) + 3(a + b) =
4(a +2b) = -4(x – 2) – (3 – x) =
–3(2x + y) = x(x + 4) + 2(x – 3) =
6(-x2 + y2) = 5(2x – 1) – (2x + 3) =

2. Linear Factorisation (Using HCF)

Fully factorise:
3a + 3b = 2a2 + 4a + 8 =
bc – 6cd = x2y + xy2 =
a + ab = –16x2 – 24x =
– 8a +4b = 2(x – 7) + x(x –7) =
– 6a – 6b = a(b + 4) – (b + 4) =
x2 + 2x = (x + 6)(x + 4) – 8(x + 6) =

3. Quadratic Expansion (Distributive Law)

Expand and simplify:
(x + 2)(x – 2) = (x + 3)2 =
(4 + x)(4 – x) = (x – 2) 2 =
(2x + 1)(2x – 1) = (3x – 2) 2 =
(4 + 3a)(4 – 3a) = (1 – 3x) 2 =
(a – 5)(5 + a) = (3 – 4x) 2 =
(5a + 3)(3 – 5a) = (5x – y) 2 =
4. Quadratic Expansion (Using formulae)
Expand and simplify:
(x + 2)(x – 2) = (x + 3)2 =
(4 + x)(4 – x) = (x – 2) 2 =
(2x + 1)(2x – 1) = (3x – 2) 2 =
(4 + 3a)(4 – 3a) = (1 – 3x) 2 =
(a – 5)(5 + a) = (3 – 4x) 2 =
(5a + 3)(3 – 5a) = (5x – y) 2 =

5. Quadratic Factorisation (Brackets method)

Fully factorise:
x2 – 3x + 2 = 2x2 + 5x + 3 =
x2 – 4x + 3 = 7x2 + 9x + 2 =
x2 – 5x + 6 = 3x2 + 13x + 4 =
x2 – 14x + 33 = 3x2 + 8x + 4 =
x2 – 10x + 21 = 2x2 – 9x – 5 =
x2 + 10x + 24 = 2x2 + 3x – 2 =
x2 + 2x + 1 = x2 – 9 =
4x2 + 8x + 1 = 4x2 – 36 =
4x2 – 12x + 9 = 49 – 9x2 =
Exercise