DEFLECTION CONTROL

Example Problem:

Determine the immediate live load deflection of a 4m simply supported beam with service dead
load and live load of 20 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ. Material properties are 𝑓𝑐’ = 20 𝑀𝑃𝑎, 𝑓𝑦 = 276 𝑀𝑃𝑎,
𝑓𝑟 = 3.0 𝑀𝑃𝑎, 𝐸𝑐 = 21000 𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝐸𝑠 = 200000𝑀𝑃𝑎 and 𝑛 = 10

5 𝑀𝐿2
∆𝑖 = ( )𝑘
48 𝐸𝐶 𝐼𝑒

∆𝑖𝐿𝐿 = ∆𝑖𝐷+𝐿 − ∆𝐷𝐿

Solution:

1. Determine Section Properties

Assume 𝐈u ≈ 𝐈𝐠

𝑏ℎ3 300(400)3
𝐼𝑔 = = = 1600 𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
12 12
ℎ
𝑦̅𝑔 = = 200
2
𝑓𝑟 𝐼𝑔 3.0(1600 𝑥 106 )
𝑀𝑐𝑟 = = = 24 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑦̅𝑔 200

Solve for cracked properties

Varignon’s Theorem

300𝑦̅ 2
= 10,000(340 − 𝑦̅)
2
 𝑦̅ = 120.87

𝑏𝑦̅ 3
𝐼𝑐𝑟 = + 𝑛𝐴𝑠 (𝑑 − 𝑦̅)2
3

300(120.87)3
𝐼𝑐𝑟 = + 10,000(340 − 120.87)2 = 656.77 𝑥 106 𝑚𝑚4
3
2. Compute for the applied moments:
a. Sustained load condition: Sustained = Dead Loads + % Live Load
𝑊𝑆𝑈𝑆 = 𝑊𝐷𝐿 + 0% of WLL

𝑊𝐷𝐿 𝐿2 20(4)2
𝑀𝑎𝑠 = = = 40 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
8 8
b. Total Load condition:
𝑊𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 = 𝑊𝐷𝐿 + 𝑊𝐿𝐿

(𝑊𝐷𝐿 + 𝑊𝐿𝐿 )𝐿2 40(4)2

𝑀𝑎𝑇 = = = 80 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
8 8

3. Compute Effective Moment of Inertia 𝑰𝒆

𝑀𝑐𝑟 3 𝑀𝑐𝑟 3
𝐼𝑒 = ( ) 𝐼𝑔 + [1 − ( ) ] 𝐼𝑐𝑟 ≤ 𝐼𝑔
𝑀𝑎 𝑀𝑎

a. Sustained condition:
𝑀𝑐𝑟 3 24 3
( ) = ( ) = 0.216
𝑀𝑎𝑆 40

𝐼𝑒 = {0.216(1000) + [1 − 0.216]656.77}𝑥 106

𝐼𝑒 = 860.51 𝑥 106 ≤ 𝐼𝑔
b. Total Load Condition:
𝑀𝑐𝑟 3 24 3
( ) = ( ) = 0.027
𝑀𝑎𝑇 80

𝐼𝑒 = {0.027(1000) + [1 − 0.027]656.77}𝑥 106

𝐼𝑒 = 682.24 𝑥 106 𝑚𝑚4

 4. Effective Moment of Inertia
a. Midspan value 𝑰𝒆𝒎 (simply supported)

𝐼𝑒 = 𝐼𝑒𝑚 = 860.51 𝑥 106 & 682.24 𝑥 106 mm4

5. Solve for ∆𝒊
𝑀𝐿2 5
∆𝑖𝐷𝐿 = 𝑘 ( )
𝐸𝑐 𝐼𝑒𝑚 48
a. Sustained Condition
1.0(40 𝑥106 )(4000)2 5
∆𝑖𝐷𝐿 = ( )
21000(860.51 𝑥 106 ) 48

∆𝑖𝐷𝐿 = 3.69 𝑚𝑚
b. Total Load Condition:
𝑀𝐿2 5
∆𝑖𝐷+𝐿 =𝑘 ( )
𝐸𝑐 𝐼𝑒 48

1.0(80 𝑥106 )(4000)2 5

∆𝑖𝐷𝑇𝐿 = ( )
21000(682.24 𝑥 106 ) 48

∆𝑖𝐷𝑇𝐿 = 9.31 𝑚𝑚

∆𝑖𝐿𝐿 = ∆𝑖𝐷+𝐿 − ∆𝑖𝐷𝐿

∆𝑖𝐿𝐿 = 9.31 − 3.69

∆𝑖𝐿𝐿 = 5.62 𝑚𝑚

Sample Problem:
Redo provisions example if the beam is continues with moment values shown below
𝟐𝟎𝒌𝑵 𝟐𝟎𝒌𝑵
.𝑾𝑫𝑳 = 𝑾𝑳𝑳 =
𝒎 𝒎
Solution
1. Section Properties: No change in sections properties since the section at midspan and
at support are practically the same.
𝐼𝑔 = 1600 𝑥 106 𝑚𝑚4
 𝑦𝑔 = 200 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑐𝑟 = 24 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝐼𝑐𝑟 = 656.77 𝑥 106 𝑚𝑚4
2. Applied Moments
a. Sustained Condition
At Support
20(4)2
𝑀𝑎 = = 26.67 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
12
At Midspan
20(4)2
𝑀𝑎 = = 13.33 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
24
b. Total Load Condition
At Support
40(4)2
𝑀𝑎 = = 53.34𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
12
At Midspan
40(4)2
𝑀𝑎 = = 26.66 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
24
3. Effective Moment of Inertia 𝑰𝒆
a. Sustained Condition
At Support
𝑀𝑐𝑟 3 24 3
( ) =( ) = 0.729
𝑀𝑎 26.67

𝐼𝑒 = [0.729(1600) + (1 − 0.729)(656.77)] 𝑥 106

𝐼𝑒 = 1344.38 𝑥 106 𝑚𝑚4 < 𝐼𝑔

At Midspan
𝑀𝑐𝑟 3 24 3
( ) =( ) = 5.84
𝑀𝑎 13.33

𝐼𝑒 = [5.84(1600) + (1 − 5.84)(656.77)] 𝑥 106

𝐼𝑒 = 6165 𝑥 106 𝑚𝑚4 > 𝐼𝑔

∴ 𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝐼𝑔 ( 𝑖𝑓 𝑀𝑎 < 𝑀𝑐𝑟 , 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐼𝑔 )

b. Total Load Condition

 At Support
𝑀𝑐𝑟 3 24 3
( ) =( ) = 0.091
𝑀𝑎 53.34

𝐼𝑒 = [0.091(1600) + (1 − 0.091)(656.77)] 𝑥 106

𝐼𝑒 = 742.6 𝑥 106 𝑚𝑚4 < 𝐼𝑔

At Midspan
𝑀𝑐𝑟 3 24 3
( ) =( ) = 0.73
𝑀𝑎 26.66

𝐼𝑒 = [0.73(1600) + (1 − 0.73)(656.77)] 𝑥 106

𝐼𝑒 = 1345.33 𝑥 106 𝑚𝑚4 < 𝐼𝑔

4. Effective Moment of Inertia (𝑰𝒆𝒎 )

Use Simple Average
1
𝐼𝑒𝑚 + (𝐼𝑒1 )(𝐼𝑒2 )
2
𝐼𝑒𝑎𝑣𝑒 =
2
a. Sustained Condition
1600 + 1344.38
𝐼𝑒𝑎𝑣𝑒 = ( ) 𝑥 106
2

𝐼𝑒𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 1472.19 𝑥 106 𝑚𝑚4

b. Total Load Condition

1345.33 + 742.6
𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑣𝑒 = ( ) 𝑥 106
2

𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 1043.97 𝑥 106 𝑚𝑚4

5. Compute
Sustained Loads
𝑀𝐿2 5
∆𝑖𝑠𝑢𝑠 = 𝑘 [𝐸 ]
𝑐 𝐼𝑒𝑚 48

𝑀𝑜
𝑘 = [1.2 − 0.2 ]
𝑀𝑚
40
𝑘 = [(1.2 − 0.2) ( )] = 0.6
13.33
𝑀𝑀 = 13.33 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 𝑀𝑜 = 40 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

13.33 𝑥 106 (40002 ) 5

∆𝑖𝑠𝑢𝑠 = 0.6 [ ]
21000 (1472.19 𝑥 106 ) 48

∆𝑖 = 0.43 𝑚𝑚
Total Load
𝑀𝐿2 5
∆𝑖𝐷+𝐿 = 𝑘[ ]
𝐸𝑐 𝐼𝑒 48

80
𝑘 = [(1.2 − 0.2 ) ( )] = 0.6
26.66

(26.66 𝑥 106 )(40002 ) 5

∆𝑖𝐷+𝐿 = 0.6 [ 6
]
(21000)(1043.97 𝑥 10 ) 48

∆𝑖𝐷+𝐿 = 1.22 𝑚𝑚

∆𝑖𝐿𝐿 = ∆𝑖𝐷+𝐿 − ∆𝑖𝐷𝐿

∆𝑖𝐿𝐿 = 1.22 − 0.43

∆𝑖𝐿𝐿 = 0.79 𝑚𝑚