PAPER OF CROSS CULTURAL UNDERSTANDING

(Cultural of India)

Made by:
 Rahmawati (201631014019)

 Risqa Mardatillah (2016310435)

 Jusmani, S (20163104011)

 Nur Asia (20163104003)

 Pinawanti (201631014016)

 Nirwana Nawir (201631014083)

Class: 16 A

EDUCATION OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH BULUKUMBA
 PREFACE

Assalamu'alaikum Wr. Wb.

All praise belongs only to Allah SWT, prayer and greetings are always poured out
to the Prophet Muhammad. Thanks to His Abundance and Grace the author can order
to fulfill the assignment in English I.
This paper is about the discussion about "Indian Culture". The preparation is very
easy to provide input in the forms of concepts, data, material and so on. Thank you for
all who have helped for the realization of this paper.
Hopefully this paper can provide broader insight and contribution to ASM Ariyanti's
readers. The author realizes that compiling this paper still has many shortcomings. For
teachers and readers, the author asks for input to make future papers.
Greetings.

Bulukumba, July 2019

Writer
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE.....................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................................................
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION................................................................1
Background....................................................................................................1
Problems........................................................................................................1
Purpose and Purpose of Writing....................................................................1
Purpose...........................................................................................................1
Objectives......................................................................................................1
CHAPTER II................................................................................................
Indian Culture................................................................................................2
Culture in India..............................................................................................2
Bad Culture of Indians...................................................................................7
CHAPTER III CLOSING...........................................................................9
Conclusions....................................................................................................9
Suggestions....................................................................................................9
REFERENCE.................................................................................................10
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Background
Studying the cultural diversity that exists in the world seems to be one of the
fun things. Learn about Indian culture for example. Indian culture is one culture
that is quite familiar with the lives of Indonesian people. Indian culture is very
diverse and is capable of capturing all of its audience. This is shown by the
many Indian cultural products that have a place in the hearts of Indonesian
people, such as the world of film, songs and distinctive dances. The Indian state
has always offered the beauty of its culture. Starting from the ancient Indian
civilization that took place around the Indus River valley, Indian culture also
slowly began to develop.
The following is a paper on the Indian state in terms of culture which
concerns the traditions and customs of the Indian state.
B. Masalah
1. Bagaimana letak geografis negara India?
2. Bagaimana sejarah suku bangsa India?
3. Bagaimana sejarah India mempengaruhi sistem pemerintahan India?
4. Bagaimana sejarah India mempengaruhi kebudayaan India?
5. Bagaimana sejarah India mempengaruhi arsitektur India?

C. Tujuan Penulisan
1. Mengetahui letak geografis negara India.
2. Mengetahui sejarah suku bangsa India.
3. Mengetahui sejarah suku bangsa India yang mempengaruhi sistem
pemerintahan India.
4.Mengetahui asal mula (sejarah) mempengaruhi kebudayaan India yang
masih dilestarikan hingga saat ini.
5. Mengetahui beberapa peninggalan arsitektur sejarah India.
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A. Indian Culture
In terms of culture, India also has a unique, distinctive and interesting culture
that is not inferior to the culture of other countries. Indian culture is full of
syncretism and cultural pluralism. This culture continues to absorb the customs,
traditions, and thoughts of invaders, and immigrants while continuing to maintain
established traditions, and disseminating Indian culture to other places in Asia.
Traditional Indian culture has a relatively strict social hierarchy. From an early
age, children are taught about their role and position in society. This tradition is
reinforced by the belief in gods, and spirits that are considered important, and
inseparable from their lives. In the caste system in India social stratification was
established, and restrictions on social life in the Indian subcontinent. Social
classes are formed by thousands of hereditary groups that practice endogamy,
commonly called jāti or caste.
Culture that is still close to India is that it values traditional family values.
However, houses in urban areas are now more often inhabited by nuclear
families. This is due to economic and social limitations to live together in a large
family. In rural areas there are still common family members from three to four
generations who live under one roof. Problems that arise in the family are often
resolved patriarchically. The vast majority of Indians marry after being betrothed
by their parents or elder family members, but with the agreement of the groom
and bride. Marriage is seen as a lifelong bond, and divorce rates are very low.
However, early marriage is still a common tradition. Half of the Indian female
population gets married before reaching the age of 18, which is legal age.

B. Culture in India
a. Tradition touches feet.
In Indonesia it's called sungkem, a Javanese culture. The tradition of Indians is
to touch the feet. Different from Namaste which can be done to anyone without age
restrictions. If you touch your feet only to older people. The tradition of touching
feet is the most common tradition in India. When someone touches the feet of an
older person, that is a sign of respect. The most important aspect of this tradition
from India is that people who are touched by their feet are usually superior in age
and position.
Another meaning of this tradition is not only to respect older family members but
also to respect one's spiritual side. Usually families in India live as extended families,
touching their feet by the sons and daughters-in-law of people who know and their
grandparents.
b. Customary marriage in India
Indian weddings are a busy and cheerful wedding because they display many
colors for clothes and decorations. Indian weddings also last for 3-4 days. As
reported by easyday.snydle.com, the marriage tradition includes rituals before
marriage, weddings, and rituals after marriage. This pre-marriage ritual consists of a
 Shagun ceremony, which is the visit of a man's mother to a prospective woman's
house carrying gifts, clothes, rice , nuts, jewelry. After the prize is received, the two
families discuss the date of the marriage. Then there is the Mangni ceremony, in the
form of an engagement session with the bride and groom exchanging rings in front
of the family. Then the Mehndi ceremony, where the bride will be decorated with
her hands and feet. This ceremony is held at the bride's home with treats of food and
music. The dance party is held at the house of the bride and groom separately. Older
families usually sing traditional danmem songs blessing the bride. Finally, there is a
Haldi ceremony. In this session, fragrances of jasmine flowers and other fresh
aromas were poured on the bodies of women and men. Both are prohibited outside
the house because the wedding procession takes place the next day.
His wedding party, which is when the groom arrives at the woman's house
with the accompaniment of music and dance from her family (Baraat) and is
welcomed by the female family (varah satkara), and is married to the couple in front
of the holy fire (madhuparka). Eits, the last nih Ladies is the surrender of the woman
to the man by her family (Kanya daan). Marriage is a sacred thing for everyone, not
only in Indonesia but in other countries like India, traditional ceremonies are also
carried out as a form of respect and fulfillment of customs for couples who want to
get married. In a state, in southern India, to be exact Cochin, a wedding ceremony is
usually held for 2 consecutive days. According to the results of a solar interview with
one of the citizens of India, named Kannan Sanoj, a wedding is held for 2 days. day.
Where is the first day a family event is held at the bride's residence, which is attended
by the families of the two brides to discuss the procession, the place and the wedding
reception that will be carried out tomorrow. Then the second day is a wedding
procession, which starts in the morning at the temple / temple or residence of the
bride. The order of the wedding procession is carried out as follows:
 The wedding procession begins with picking up the bridegroom by the
bridegroom's male brother, then the groom sits in the bridal seat provided
 -After the groom sits, the bride is called to sit next to the groom
 The procession begins with a prayer ceremony / pooja led by a priest, where a
prayer ritual is performed. To pray for the bride and groom.
 After the pooja procession is complete, the bride and groom exchange rings
and exchange the flower arrangements that are worn around the neck of the
bride and groom. The procession continued with the bride and groom walking
around the altar 3 times, as we saw in Indian films.
 As the Indonesian community, in Indonesia parents are respected parties and
are asked for blessings by the bride and groom. After going through all the
rituals and photo shoots, lunch is done by serving great food, where
All visitors sit lined up on chairs and on the table are served food on
banana leaves, which have various kinds of menus such as mangoes, bananas,
pickles (pickles), coconuts, rice, various kinds of curry, papad, payasam, masala,
chapati and so on. All invited guests to eat together and waiters walk in
sequence distributing food starting from rice, side dishes in the form of curries,
chili sauce from coconut pulp, every meal finished the waiter will always refill
 the food, therefore if you feel full, banana leaves in front we, we roll, as a sign
we have enough to eat. After the party is finished the groom is taken to the
residence of the groom, where when stepping foot in the man's residence must
be done with the right foot first.
Most holidays in India are religious holidays. However, in India
there are also secular feasts which are celebrated regardless of caste, and trust.
Holidays are known throughout India, such as Diwali, Ganesh Chaturthi,
Ugadi, Thai Pongal, Holi, Onam, Vijayadasami, Durga Puja, Eid Al-Fitr, Bakr-
Id, Natal, Buddha Jayanti, and Vaisakhi. India has three national days. In
addition, India has other holidays. The number of official holidays between 9
and 12 days depends on each state. Religious life is an inseparable part of
everyday life, and is not a private matter.

c. Holi Celebration
Holi or the Color Festival is an early spring festival that is celebrated in
India, Nepal, Bangladesh and the following countries that have Hindu
populations: Suriname, Guyana, South Africa, Trinidad, United Kingdom,
Mauritius and Fiji. In West Bengal and Bangladesh, this festival is called
Dolyatra (Doul Jatra) or Basanta-Utsab (spring festival). Holi is celebrated on a
large scale in the Braj region in places related to Sri Kresna such as Mathura,
Vrindavan, Nandagaon, and Barsana. The cities are crowded by tourists during
the Holi festival season which lasts up to 16 days. The highlight of the
celebration of Holi is called Dhulheti, Dhulandi, or Dhulendi. On that day, people
celebrate Holi by throwing colorful powder at each other or splashing each other
with colorful water. A bonfire lit the night before Holi is called Holika Dahan
(Holika's death) or Chhoti Holi (small Holi). The fire was lit to commemorate the
events of Prahlada's escape when he wanted to be burned by Holika
(Hiranyakasipu's sister). Holika was burned and killed, but Prahlad, a devout
follower of Lord Vishnu, survived unscathed. In Andhra Pradesh, Holika Dahan
is called Kama Dahanam. Holi is celebrated at the end of winter when phalgun is
full moon, the last full moon of the month in the phallus according to the lunar
calendar, and usually coincides with the end of February or early March. In 2009,
Holi (Dhulandi) fell on March 11 and Holika Dahan on March 10.

d. Eid Al-Fitr (Chand Raat)

In Bangladesh, India and Pakistan, the night before Eid Al-Fitr is called Chand
Raat, or the night of the month. People visit various bazaars and malls to shop, with
their families and children. Women, especially young ones, often paint each other's
hands with traditional henna materials and use colorful chains. The most popular way
in South Asia during the Eid al-Fitr is to say Eid Mubarak to others. Children are
encouraged to welcome parents. In this reception, they also hope to get money, called
Eidi, from the parents. In the morning of Eid Al-Fitr, after bathing and cleaning, every
Muslim is encouraged to use new clothes, if they can afford it. Alternatively, they may
use clean, washed clothes. Parents and boys go to mosques or open fields, this
tradition is called Eidgah, Id prayers, thank God for giving meaningful opportunities
to worship in Ramadan. Every Muslim is obliged to pay Zakat Fitri or Zakat Fitrah to
the poor so that they can also celebrate this victory day. After the prayer, the
association is dissolved and every Muslim visits each other and welcomes one another
including family members, children, parents, their friends and neighbors. Some
Muslims also visit the graves of their family members to pray for the safety of the
deceased. Usually, children visit older relatives and neighbors to apologize and say
hello. In this way, Muslims in South Asia celebrate Eid al-Fitr in a lively atmosphere,
as an expression of gratitude to God, and invite their families, friends, and the poor, as
a sense of togetherness.

e. Cuddled
Naturally, the newborn baby is well cared for and cuddled as a sign of affection,
but is different from the villagers in India. For 500 years they did the tradition of
throwing babies from a height of 25 meters to show their affection. During the
tradition of throwing this baby, the villagers claimed there had never been a baby who
was injured. Instead they believe this is a tradition that gives luck to the baby. Even
so, it's not uncommon for babies to cry loudly after doing this procession. Some men
stretched cloth under the temple.

f. Karva Chauth
Karva Chauth is a day festival which according to tradition is celebrated by
Hindu women in North India. These women fast from the rising of the sun (morning)
to the rising of the moon (night) to guard and request the longevity and safety of their
husbands (sometimes also fiancees) they are held on the fourth day after the full moon
in the Hindu calendar which generally falls in October
women usually prepare themselves from the previous day by buying cosmetics,
jewelry such as bracelets, necklaces, and henna and worship equipment. when the
fasting day arrives the women will gather with friends and relatives to eat sahur
shortly before sunrise. all day they will spend time together to gather and wear henna
with each other without doing homework

g. Mehndi
Mehndi is the art of painting pictures on hands and feet using a boyfriend or Inai.
Mehndi is a very old custom and ancient art in Asia, which until now can still be
maintained and used. The Mogul dynasty taught all about the history of Mehndi and
introduced it to India in the 12th century. Some say the origin of Mehndi from Egypt,
in Egypt Mehndi has been used since the time of the kingdom of Pharaoh. Culture of
wandering carried out in the community for the purpose of trading caused the use of
Mehndi (Inai) to spread to all regions visited (Asia). Egyptian Queen Cleopatra has
used Inai to dye her hair. Another case with India, in India Mehndi (Inai) is generally
used during wedding ceremonies.
h. Rakhi
Rakhi or also called Rakshsa Bandhan is a festival that is usually held every year
in India. Rakhi can be interpreted as a celebration of unconditional love and a bond of
love for a woman to a man so that their bond is like that between a brother and sister.
Rakhi is made from objects in the form of straps that have been modified with various
shapes and materials. Rakhi is then bound by a woman (can be a brother, wife or
friend) on a man's wrist and asks him to protect him. Then the man usually gives a gift
and promises to protect the woman who gave the Rakhi. After that worship and pray
to the almighty God. In India, the Rakhi festival is usually celebrated on the 10th full
moon every year.

i. Indian custom clothing

Traditional clothes vary by region in India. The traditional colors and styles
of clothing depend on various factors, especially climate. Attached clothing is a
fashion style that is popular in India. Women wear clothes called sari, and men wear
clothes called dhoti or lungi. Clothing from sewn fabrics is also popular, such as
salwar kameez worn by women. Men wear kurta along with pajamas, besides trousers
and European-style shirts that are also popular.

j. Traditional Cuisine
Indian cuisine includes various specialties from various regions in India. A
distinctive feature of Indian cuisine is the use of various spices and herbs. The staple
food of Indians is rice (especially in southern and eastern India) and wheat in eastern
India. Spices like pepper originated from the Indian subcontinent. Chili became
popular in India thanks to its introduction by the Portuguese. examples of the most
popular Indian dishes are Murg Makhani and Martabak.

k. Souvenir
The times have made the INDIA BRACELET not only used as a symbol of
tradition, especially in a marriage. Especially after Indian bracelets have spread
widely in various countries, including Indonesia. The use of bracelets today is more to
give the impression of being fashionable, adding to the slick appearance, also to
attract the opposite sex. The auction with a fashionable design has also been easily
found and even bought. In the end the bracelet is not only used for married women,
but even young women who are not married can use it. Therefore, the ingredients for
making Indian bracelets are also increasingly diverse. Not just fixated on a bracelet
made of glass. Bracelets with metal, wood, plastic have been produced.
For fashionable reasons, Indian bracelets are also increasingly diverse in color, shape,
and size. Of course with a different design. Rarely can we find Indian bracelets
produced with the same design and the same size. For young women, purple bracelets
may be suitable for you. because it means independence. Silver bracelets with silver
are also suitable for young and unmarried women. because silver means strength.
Women's strength can be marked with a metal bracelet. The metal bracelet is versatile
and durable.
l. Dance
Classical Indian dance is a classical dance that originates from variations based
on areas in India including Bharatanatyam from Tamil Nadu, Kuchi pudi from
Andhra. radesh, Manipuri from eastern India aut, Odissi from Orissa, and Kathak
from India and Pakistan. has diverse classical dance arts and has long been recorded
in the oldest text in the world which writes about shows, Natya Shastra (400 BC).

m. Language
Hindi is the official language in India besides English, and this language is one of
the languages with the highest number of speakers in the world after Chinese and
English. This language is the twin brother of Urdu.

C. Bad culture of Indians

1) Urinate carelessly
in India urinating carelessly is a common thing in public places. As if he had
no sin, the men there lightly wet the walls with urine. Of course this is a
prohibited thing to do. There are even sanctions for the perpetrators. But, somehow,
it seems that it hasn't really made the pissers carelessly there.

2) They Like to Glare at People

Seen by many people may be a fun thing, but it must be uncomfortable too in
the future. The impression is like doing something that is not just not. Well, for
those of you who are not prepared for this kind of treatment, it's best to delay if
you want to go to India. Because the people there have such habits.

3) Not obeying traffic rules

There the road users really don't know the rules. Whether it's because the
SIM is shooting or whatever, Indians really like to go on their own when on the
road. Most often is using horns for things you don't need at all. In addition, they
also violated the name of the traffic lights. Care about the devil if the lights are
red, as long as possible, just brush it.

4) Queue is just bullshit

In Indonesia, we certainly often see the phenomenon of people who carry the
queue at will. It must be amazing, doesn't it feel like that? This hand is like gatel
once wanted to tweak the perpetrator's ear and then lecture it. Especially if
you experience it yourself, let's just fight fist. Again, something like this is also
prevalent in India, even more erratic.
5) They Like to Glare at People
Seen by many people may be a fun thing, but it must be uncomfortable too in
the future. The impression is like doing something that is not just not. Well, for those
of you who are not prepared for this kind of treatment, it's best to delay if you want to
go to India. Because the people there have such habits.

6) Not obeying traffic rules

There the road users really don't know the rules. Whether it's because the SIM is
shooting or whatever, Indians really like to go on their own when on the road. Most
often is using horns for things you don't need at all. In addition, they also violated the
name of the traffic lights. Care about the devil if the lights are red, as long as possible,
just brush it.

7) Queue is just bullshit

In Indonesia, we certainly often see the phenomenon of people who carry the queue at
will. It must be amazing, doesn't it feel like that? This hand is like gatel once wanted
to tweak the perpetrator's ear and then lecture it. Especially if you experience it
yourself, let's just fight fist. Again, something like this is also prevalent in India, even
more erratic.
 CHAPTER III
CLOSING

A. Conclusion
From the discussion above, it can be concluded that in the midst of the
onslaught of the progress of the times, India has remained consistent in
maintaining its culture. By maintaining culture, Indian society will never
lose its identity. If you want to be more observant, wherever Indian women
go, sari clothes still wrap around her body. Likewise with aspects of other
cultures that India has, from food, celebration ceremonies and performing
arts, a form of cultural preservation that deserves respect.
A. Suggestions

From the material that has been discussed, it is hoped that it can increase
knowledge for both writers and readers. We hope that input from readers can
even add information to us both directly and indirectly. Hopefully we can
increase our knowledge. Please understand if there is something inaccurate in the
explanation of this material especially not in accordance with the opinion of the
informant, we are human beings and will be open if there is a correction from any
party.
 REFERENCE
https://www.anneahira.com/budaya-india.html

https://id.wikipedia.org./wiki/masakan-india.html

https://www.yoursingapore.com/art-and-entertaiment/dance-and-classic-music-
india.html

https://www.unkgaul.com/2012/12/8kuil-paling-menabjukkan-di-dunia.html