12/14/2018 Integral Calculator • With Steps!

Also check the Derivative Calc

Integral Calculator
Calculadora de Integrales en español
Integralrechner auf Deutsch
Калькулятор Интегралов на Русском

Calculate integrals online — with steps and graphing!

Advertisement

Reinvent Memories. Learn more

Always choose Original HP Ink.

Calculate the Integral of … About Help Examples Options

x^3e^-x^2 Go! The Integral Calculator lets you calculate in
CLR + – × ÷ ^ √ ( ) antiderivatives of functions online — for fre

This will be calculated: Our calculator allows you to check your solu
calculus exercises. It helps you practice by s
the full working (step by step integration). A
integration techniques and even special func
supported.
?
The Integral Calculator supports de nite and
3 −x
2
integrals (antiderivatives) as well as integrat
∫ x e dx with many variables. You can also check you
Interactive graphs/plots help visualize and b
? understand the functions.
Advertisement For more about how to use the Integral Calc
"Help" or take a look at the examples.
And now: Happy integrating!
Not what you mean? Use parentheses! Set integration
variable and bounds in "Options".

Recommend this Website Result

If you like this website, then please support it by Done! See the result further below.
giving it a Like. Thank you! In order to not miss anything, please scroll all the way down.

Share on Facebook
= Check your own answ
= Exports the expression

Book Recommendation YOUR INPUT:

f (x) =

Calculus for Dummies (2nd Edition)

An extremely well-written book for students 2
3 −x
taking Calculus for the rst time as well as x e
those who need a refresher. This book makes
you realize that Calculus isn't that tough after
all. → to the book Simplify

"MANUALLY" COMPUTED ANTIDERIVATIVE:

⋆
∫ f (x) dx = F (x) =

Did You Know?

"Manual" integration with steps:
Ad The calculator nds an antiderivative in a comprehensible way. Note that due to some simpli catio
only be valid for parts of the function.

2
2 −x
(x + 1) e
− + C
2

  Hide steps
Sponsored

Problem:
2
3 −x
∫ x e dx

https://www.integral-calculator.com/ 1/4
12/14/2018 Integral Calculator • With Steps!

1
Substitute u = x
2
⟶ dx = du (Steps):
2x

1
−u
= ∫ ue du
2

… or choose an alternative:
Sponsored 2

Substitute ex

Now solving:

−u
∫ ue du

Advertisement
Integrate by parts: ∫ fg′ = fg − ∫ f g
′

f = u , ′
g = e
−u

↓ Steps ↓ Steps
′
f = 1 , g = −e
−u
:

−u −u
= −ue − ∫ − e du

Now solving:

−u
∫ − e du

Substitute v = −u ⟶ du = −dv (Steps):

v
= ∫ e dv

Apply exponential rule:

v
a
∫ a
v
dv = with a = e :
ln(a)

v
= e

Undo substitution v = −u :
−u
= e

Plug in solved integrals:

−u −u
−ue − ∫ − e du

−u −u
= −ue − e

Plug in solved integrals:

1
−u
∫ ue du
2

−u −u
ue e
= − −
2 2

Undo substitution u = x
2
:
2 2
2 −x −x
x e e
= − −
2 2

The problem is solved:

2
3 −x
∫ x e dx

2 2
2 −x −x
x e e
= − − + C
2 2

Rewrite/simplify:
2
2 −x
(x + 1) e
= − + C
2

ANTIDERIVATIVE COMPUTED BY MAXIMA:

∫ f (x) dx = F (x) =

https://www.integral-calculator.com/ 2/4
12/14/2018 Integral Calculator • With Steps!

2
2 −x
(−x − 1) e
+ C
2

Simplify

DEFINITE INTEGRAL:

Note: If you want to calculate a de nite integral, click "Options" above. Enter the lower and the uppe
integration in there, and repeat the calculation.

Look up de nition: C , e, ln

Interactive function graphing:

Navigate using mouse or touch screen. Drag to pan, use the mouse wheel or two ngers to zoom.

Toggle graph
f (x)

F (x)
⋆
F (x)

Assign varia

C = 0

Table of valu

x =

f (x) =

F (x) =

F
⋆
(x) =

Zoom mode
XY  X 

Marker at: 2.59352, -5.02189

Click x coordinate for table of values.

How the Integral Calculator Works

For those with a technical background, the following section explains how the Integral Calculator works
First, a parser analyzes the mathematical function. It transforms it into a form that is better understand
computer, namely a tree (see gure below). In doing this, the Integral Calculator has to respect the orde
operations. A specialty in mathematical expressions is that the multiplication sign can be left out some
example we write "5x" instead of "5*x". The Integral Calculator has to detect these cases and insert the
sign.
The parser is implemented in JavaScript, based on the Shunting-yard algorithm, and can run directly in t
This allows for quick feedback while typing by transforming the tree into LaTeX code. MathJax takes ca
displaying it in the browser.
When the "Go!" button is clicked, the Integral Calculator sends the mathematical function and the settin
integration and integration bounds) to the server, where it is analyzed again. This time, the function gets
into a form that can be understood by the computer algebra system Maxima.

https://www.integral-calculator.com/ 3/4
12/14/2018 Integral Calculator • With Steps!

Maxima takes care of actually computing the integral of the mathematical function. Maxima's output is
to LaTeX again and is then presented to the user. The antiderivative is computed using the Risch algorit
hard to understand for humans. That's why showing the steps of calculation is very challenging for inte
In order to show the steps, the calculator applies the same integration techniques that a human would a
program that does this has been developed over several years and is written in Maxima's own programm
language. It consists of more than 16000 lines of code. When the integrand matches a known form, it a
rules to solve the integral (e. g. partial fraction decomposition for rational functions or trigonometric su
integrands involving the square roots of a quadratic polynomial). Otherwise, it tries different substitutio
transformations until either the integral is solved, time runs out or there is nothing left to try. The calcula
mathematical intuition that is very useful for nding an antiderivative, but on the other hand it can try a
of possibilities within a short amount of time. The step by step antiderivatives are often much shorter a
elegant than those found by Maxima.
The "Check answer" feature has to solve the di cult task of determining whether two mathematical exp
equivalent. Their difference is computed and simpli ed as far as possible using Maxima. For example, t
writing trigonometric/hyperbolic functions in their exponential forms. If it can be shown that the differe
to zero, the task is solved. Otherwise, a probabilistic algorithm is applied that evaluates and compares b
at randomly chosen places. In the case of antiderivatives, the entire procedure is repeated with each fu
derivative, since antiderivatives are allowed to differ by a constant.
The interactive function graphs are computed in the browser and displayed within a canvas element (HT
each function to be graphed, the calculator creates a JavaScript function, which is then evaluated in sm
order to draw the graph. While graphing, singularities (e. g. poles) are detected and treated specially. Th
control is implemented using Hammer.js.
If you have any questions or ideas for improvements to the Integral Calculator, don't hesitate to write m

© DAVID SCHERFGEN 2018 — ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

CONTACT AND PRIVACY

https://www.integral-calculator.com/ 4/4