ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING

SUBMITTED BY:
 JANNAT ASLAM (9470)
 FAHEEM AZIZ (9453)
 MUHAMMAD SAAD RIAZ (9349)

SUBMITTED TO: Sir Iftikhar ul Sami

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Table Of Content
Acknowlegment 3

PREFACE 4

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4

 INTRODUCTION 5
 Mission 6
 Vision 6
 Corporate Information 7

TYPES OF BUSINESS AND PERMISSIBLE ACTIVITIES 9

 Corporate Banking
 Commercial Banking
 SME Banking
 Investment Banking
 Transaction & Employee Banking

PRODUCTS & SERVICES 14

ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING 15

ERP SYSTEM IN HBL 16

Modules Implemented in HBL

 Supply Chain Management

 Finance & Accounting
 Customer Relation Management
 Human Resource Management

QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY ANSWERS 19

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all those who provided me the possibility to
complete this report. To make any project, the essential requirement is guidance, teamwork
and references without which projects are incomplete. We are very thankful to Sir Iftikhar ul
Sami for providing us the opportunity and motivation to gain knowledge through this self-
learning project. It will also be beneficial and helpful to us in our future. A special gratitude I
give to manager Waqas Khan whose contribution in stimulating suggestions and
encouragement, helped me to coordinate my project especially in writing this report.

I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind
support and help of many individuals and organization. I would like to extend my sincere thanks
to all of them.

I am highly indebted to HBL for their guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing
necessary information regarding the project & also for their support in completing the project.

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PREFACE
This project report attempts to bring under one cover the entire hard work and dedication put
in by our group in the completion of the project work, where we have covered the given
guidelines of the project, which gave us the practical knowledge and helped us learn about the
ERP systems, its modules & their implements in an organization.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report consists of the introduction of the bank that we are visiting for our Enterprise
Resource Planning Course, the bank name is Habib Bank Limited (the multinational bank). The
visit helped us learn more about the company, the type of ERP system implemented in that
organization, the overall working & modules of the system and the answers of the internet
based questionnaire survey.

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INTRODUCTION
HBL was the first commercial bank to be established in Pakistan in 1947. Over the years, HBL
has grown its branch network and maintained its position as the largest private sector bank
with over 1,750 branches and 2,000 ATMs globally and a customer base exceeding eleven
million relationships.

The Government of Pakistan privatized HBL in 2004 through which AKFED acquired 51% of the
Bank's shareholding and the management control. The remaining 41.5% shareholding by the
Government of Pakistan was divested in April 2015. AKFED continues to retain 51%
shareholding in HBL while the remaining shareholding is held by individuals, local and foreign
institutions and funds including CDC Group Plc which holds 5% and International Finance
Corporation which holds 3%.

With a global presence in over 20 countries spanning across four continents, HBL is also the
largest domestic multinational. The Bank is consolidating its presence in principal international
markets including the UK, UAE, South and Central Asia, Africa, and the Far East.

The key areas of operations encompass product offerings and services in Retail and Consumer
Banking. HBL also has the largest Corporate Banking portfolio in the country with an active
Investment Banking arm. SME and Agriculture lending programs and banking services are
offered in urban and rural centers. HBL has been a catalyst for CPEC since its inception. With its
unmatched expertise coupled with its entrenched relationships with Chinese banks and
companies, HBL continues to drive this initiative forward.

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VISION
TO BE OUR CUSTOMERS' MOST CONVENIENT AND TRUSTED BANK

MISSION

TO MAKE BANKING SAFE, SIMPLE, AND PLEASANT

MEMBERSHIPS OF INDUSTRY
ASSOCIATIONS AND TRADE BODIES
 Pakistan Banks Association.
 Pakistan Business Council.
 Institute of Bankers Pakistan.
 Pakistan Institute of Corporate Governance.
 Karachi Center for Dispute Resolution.

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CORPORATE INFORMATION
Board of Directors:
Mr. Sultan Ali Allana Chairman
Mr. Shaffiq Dharamshi Director
Mr. Moez Ahamed Jamal Director
Dr. Najeeb Samie Director
Mr. Agha Sher Shah Director
Mr. Sajid Zahid Director
Mr. Nauman K. Dar President & CEO

Chief Financial Officer:

Mr. Rayomond Kotwal

Company Secretary
Ms. Nausheen Ahmad

Auditors
A. F. Ferguson & Co.

Chartered Accountants

Head Office
Habib Bank Limited, Habib Bank Plaza, I. I. Chundrigar Road,

Karachi - 75650, Pakistan.

Phone : (92-21) 32418000 [50 lines]

Websites
Corporate Website (www.hbl.com)

Internet Banking (www.hblibank.com.pk)

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TYPES OF BUSINESS AND PERMISSIBLE
ACTIVITIES
 Corporate Banking
 Commercial Banking
 SME Banking
 Investment Banking
 Transaction & Employee Banking

Corporate Banking:
HBL Corporate Banking Group is a leading provider of financial services to top tier multinational
and local clients across the country, serving the financial needs of the nation’s pre-eminent
corporations and financial institutions. Our well diversified portfolio comprises of Power,
Textile, Telecom, Fertilizer, Consumer Goods, Cement and many other important segments of
our national economy.

Our energetic and dynamic relationship teams, present in five locations namely Karachi, Lahore,
Islamabad, Faisalabad and Multan have a comprehensive understanding of the wide range of
multifaceted financial issues facing our clients. Corporate Banking offers working capital
solutions, trade financing and medium to long term loans to cater to the clients’ expansion
needs.

HBL’s Corporate Banking staff also partner with product specialists to provide a complete array
of corporate banking solutions ranging from cash management, foreign exchange, trade
finance, custody, clearing and loans, to capital markets, derivatives and structures
products. They also partner with our investment banking arm to deliver investment banking
capabilities to our relationship clients.

Commercial Banking:
Commercial Banking Commercial Banking is targeted at medium sized businesses with annual
sales between PKR 800 million and PKR 3.0 billion. We are present in all principal markets of the
country, including Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Sialkot, Multan, Hyderabad, Sukkur,
Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Rahim Yar Khan & Peshawar via a network of dedicated branches, with
an ever expanding presence.

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Our teams of seasoned relationship managers are equipped with the technical skills needed for
the provision of personalized services and customized solutions that help to enable your
business to function more efficiently . A long history of financing and relationship nurturing at
every level has enabled HBL to develop a unique understanding of the mid-market business
segment. This enables us to provide a variety of financial products and services for our clients'
business needs. Our strong point is also cross-selling of Bank's other products and services to
our client base.

HBL Commercial Banking mission is to provide our customers with a 'Total Banking Solution'
under one roof. Our Asset and Liability business covers many areas of commercial businesses.
Steel Manufacturing & Trading, Ship Breaking, Cotton Ginning, Weaving, Printing, Dyeing,
Garment Manufacturing (Home textile), Flour Mills, Commodity Trading (in pulses, rice) and
Surgical Instrument, Sports Goods, Pharmaceutical, Plastic, Chemical & Trading and Contracting
Business are just some of the industries we cater to and provide our services in.

Solutions:
We specialize in creating custom made solutions to enable our clients to meet all their banking
needs through the provision of the following services:

 Deposit and Savings Accounts

 Transaction Banking Services
 Working Capital Finance
 Trade Finance in both PKR and FCY
 Project Finance
 Receivables Discounting
 Letters of Guarantee
 Cash Management Services
 Bulk Payments Solutions including Cash Over Counter
 Payroll Management Solutions
 Lease finance (Autos)
 Islamic Banking window (Advance/Trade)

SME Banking:
SME's play a key role in the economic development of any country. SME's are the prime engine
for employment generation and poverty reduction in Pakistan. HBL therefore envisages itself to
be the key lender to SME businesses across the country. HBL's proactive customer relationship
management and a strong program lending approach with innovative product development has

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allowed the bank to differentiate itself in the country's SME sector. At HBL, our aim is to
provide quick, easy and a convenient experience to our customers. We have an extensive
network of credit hubs across the country to reach out and serve our SME borrowing customers
in an efficient manner. We have also created a set-up of dedicated trade teams in key trade
areas in order to better serve trade based customers.

We cater to the needs of our customers through provision of the following services:

 Deposit and Savings Accounts

 Transaction Banking Services
 Working Capital Finance
 Trade Finance in both PKR and FCY
 Project / Expansion Finance
 Receivables Discounting
 Letters of Guarantee
 Cash Management Services
 Bulk Payments Solutions including Cash Over Counter
 Payroll Management Solutions

Investment Banking :
HBL offers full-service Investment Banking capabilities to its clientele. This year alone, HBL has
closed over thirty transactions with a cumulative worth of over USD 2 billion. This is a
testament to the out-of-box thinking and the innovative products we bring to our customers.

The Investment Banking Group functions in three specialist business areas: Project Finance,
Debt Capital Markets & Syndications and Equity Capital Markets & Advisory.

Project Finance
The bulk of HBL’s project finance practice revolves around the power sector. Prior to the power
policy of 2002, HBL actively pioneered Project Finance in Pakistan through the funding of a gas-
fired co-generation plant (94 Megawatts of power and desalination of 3 million gallons per
day). Subsequent to the 2002 power policy, HBL continues to play a fervent role in the sector
and is the only Investment Bank that was Lead Advisor to all IPP transactions that achieved
financial close. In the fertilizer sector, HBL financed the largest local currency financing in
Pakistan, worth PKR 23 billion, as well as a green field venture in the telecom sector worth PKR
12 billion.

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Debt Capital Markets & Syndications
Depending on the requirements of its customers, HBL offers a variety of products, including
syndications, securitizations, privately placed and listed TFCs, term finance facilities,
commercial papers, etc. HBL played the lead role in a number of significant debt transactions,
including PKR 15.14 billion TFC issue (the largest privately placed issue in Pakistan), the first
bond offering for any microfinance institution in all of Asia, credit enhancement for a rapidly
growing company in the consumer durables sector and numerous tier-2 capital transactions for
commercial banks.

Equity & Advisory

HBL offers a breadth of equity and advisory products including innovative capital raising
techniques, restructurings, public and private equity placements and mergers & acquisitions.
The HBL team played a pivotal role across several sectors, including energy, agriculture,
consumer products, fertilizers, etc., for raising various forms of equity and quasi-equity.
Recently, HBL structured a convertible debt note with a built-in Put feature for a US-based
provider of agriculture technology and dairy solutions – a first of its kind transaction in Pakistan.
HBL also provides valuation for a company in the food and beverages sector.

Transaction & Employee Banking:

We offer customized solutions for you and pride in being your financial consultants. HBL
Transaction and Employee Banking (TEB) consisting of Cash Management and HBL at Work
(HAW) and maintains an industry leadership position in both business segments. We are
continuously involved in providing innovative solutions, expanding our products/services suite
and increasing efficiency for our partners.

HBL offers a full range of transaction banking services aimed at augmenting customer’s liquidity
position, providing accurate and timely reporting while reducing operational cost.

Payments
We have a web-based HBL Payments platform that can meet the challenges of a rapidly
growing domestic payment system. This system has the capability and capacity to cater to
different types of payment transactions. Major functionalities of this application include making
payments via different input and payment modes customized to account level.

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Features

 Round the clock accessibility

 Multiple transaction insertion modes i.e. manual upload via application login, SFTP or
email.
 Real-time funds transfer
 Customized reports
 Secured 128 bit SSL encryption on the internet
 Feature to upload encrypted files in the system

Products
Following are the products offered on HBL Payments:

HBL to HBL Funds Transfer: You can transfer funds in real time from your HBL Account to
beneficiary’s HBL account(s).

Bulk Interbank Fund Transfer: You can directly credit funds to non-HBL account holders. The
funds are transferred in real time from HBL to 1-link member bank.

Smart Cheque (Pay Order) Issuance: You can make bulk payments by issuing Smart Cheque.
Smart Cheque printing is currently available at 6 major cities – Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore,
Faisalabad, Peshawar and Multan.

Corporate Cheque: You can print corporate cheques in bulk either at your own premises or
outsource it to the bank. The secured stationery is provided by HBL as per your request on A4
size paper. You have the option to pre-assign instrument number to each transaction or system
can auto-assign instrument number.

Cash over Counter: You can pay small ticket transactions in cash over HBL counters. A unique
transaction PIN is generated against each transaction which is sent on the beneficiary’s email
address or cell number. A beneficiary can claim funds against this PIN at any HBL Branch in
Pakistan.

Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) Request: RTGS request is an option whereby the paper-
based RTGS transfer request is eliminated. You can make the RTGS request on the HBL
Payments portal and it will be processed by the bank as per the existing RTGS cut off time.

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Collections
HBL offers a wide array of Collections products that transform our corporate customer’s
traditional approach to collection. The products that we provide are the following:

Easy Collect: HBL Easy Collect provides customized solutions according to your needs while
effectively managing fund movement and reporting through a single collection account. A
depositor may make payments using the largest branch network of 1700+ branches with
customized reporting and real-time alert facility either via instruments, cash deposits or
account transfers.

 Co-branded and customized deposit slips

 Auto fund movement on day 0 in concentration account or real-time multiple credits
into client concentration account
 Depositor (dealers or franchisee) data management for reporting

Standing instruction via Debit Authority (SIDA): A tri-party SLA between our corporate
customer, their depositor, and HBL allowing direct debiting depositors account in HBL to collect
payments against your invoices. SIDA is supported by Web-based platform whereby you send
invoice data for automated collections from dealer/franchisee accounts

Cash in Transit: Cash in Transit is a secured movement of cash from designated locations with
overnight vault facility. HBL facilitates in the outsourcing of your Cash Management System via
‘Cash in Transit’ product, thus giving you the ability to focus attention on your core business.
The cash in transit will provide a secure and safe way of delivering bulk cash to the bank. This
saves your time spent on delivering and depositing money to the bank. Cash-in-transit service is
being provided through our vendor that is the security company. The CIT service is backed by
an insurance policy through the security company.

E-Collections: Under the E-Collections arrangement nominated dealers/ franchisees of the

company are given online access to securely transfer funds to the company in real-time.

Mobile Banking: Mobile Banking offers an alternate channel to facilitate collections, be it B2B or
C2B. Using HBL Mobile App, your payer can now make payments – backed by customized and
seamless reporting.

MIS/Reports & Alerts

 Single and Customizable reports irrespective of the collection channel.

 Alerts on the real-time and scheduled basis.
 Statement of Account available in MT940 format and can be sent over email or SWIFT.

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Other Cash Management Services
Dividend Payments: HBL Transaction and Employee Banking offers electronic payment of cash
dividends for local payments. The listed companies’ shareholders may have an account with
HBL or other banks. Our solution supports both types of customers in terms of local dividend
payment in their accounts either HBL to HBL (Internal Funds Transfer) or HBL to other banks
through (Inter Bank Funds Transfer – IBFT). In the case where a beneficiary bank is not listed for
IBFT, fund transfers can be done via RTGS or pay orders.

Utility Bill Payment System: UBPS allows the corporate/ institutional clients to register their
respective utility companies’ consumer numbers on HBL Payments Platform. Post registration,
the utility bills will be auto-paid by the system at least 5 days before the due date.

PRODUCTS & SERVICES

Today, HBL has more than 1,700 branches all over Pakistan and presence in 26countries across
five continents. With a revamped customer oriented philosophy, we are pursuing new avenues
of leadership through innovation, as we gear up to face the challenges of the new millennium.
Many of the banks schemes have gained national and international as valuable contributors to
field of banking.

 Rupee traveler cheque.

 Evening Banking Service
 School Banking
 Mobile Banking
 Computer Service
 Credit Card Scheme
 Computer Accounts
 Life Insurance Savings
 Deposit Growth Certificates
 Deposit Growth Insurance

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ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING
ERP" stands for enterprise resource planning. It refers to a suite of software that organizations
use to manage day-to-day business activities, such as accounting, procurement, project
management, risk management and compliance, and supply chain operations. A complete ERP
suite also includes enterprise performance management, software that helps to plan, budget,
predict, and report on an organization’s financial results.

ERP systems tie together and define a plethora of business processes and enable the flow of
data between them. By collecting an organization’s shared transactional data from multiple
sources, ERP systems eliminate data duplication and provide data integrity with a "single source
of truth."

Today, ERP systems are critical for managing thousands of businesses of all sizes and in all
industries. To these companies, ERP is as indispensable as the electricity that keeps the lights
on.

ERP is an Enterprise Application

ERP software is considered to be a type of enterprise application, that is software designed to
be used by larger businesses and often requires dedicated teams to customize and analyze the
data and to handle upgrades and deployment. In contrast, Small business ERP applications are
lightweight business management software solutions, often customized for a specific business
industry or vertical.

Today most organizations implement ERP systems to replace legacy software or to incorporate
ERP applications because no system currently exists. In fact, a 2016 study by Panorama
Consulting Solutions, LLC., indicates that organizations implement ERP for the following
reasons:

 To replace out-of-date ERP software (49%)

 To replace homegrown systems (16%)
 To replace accounting software (15%)
 To replace other non-ERP systems / had no system (20%)

Top ERP Systems

COMPANY DESCRIPTION FEATURES

Net suite ERP Market-leading cloud EPR Accounting, Inventory
solution. Modern and Management, Reporting &

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 scalable implementationAnalytics, Functionality
across all critical back office
across enterprises of all
functions. sizes.
SAP ERP Trusted EPR provider with 40Accounting, Inventory &
years of market history and Warehouse Management,
more than 50,000 customers Purchasing, Reporting &
worldwide Analytics Functionality
across enterprises of all
sizes.
ORACLE ERP Fully-integrated, Financial Cloud, Accounting,
comprehensive suite of EPR Inventory & Warehouse
business tools and capacity Management, Procurement,
across all back office Reporting & Analytics,
functions Functionality across
enterprises of all functions.

ERP SYSTEM IN HBL

HBL uses (ERP) for a broad set of activities. It helps a HBL to manage thae important parts of
its business. These parts can include Service planning, parts purchasing, maintaining
inventories, interacting suppliers, providing customer service. HBL is using ERP system some
where on their department for their better quality of service.

Modules Implemented in HBL

The following modules of ERP System are implemented in HBL.

 Supply Chain Management

 Finance & Accounting
 Customer Relation Management
 Human Resource Management

Supply Chain Management (SCM)

Supply chain management is one of the most crucial modules of the ERP. It needs to
organize and keep track of movement of finished goods and raw materials. Vendor

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management for ensuring raw materials and construction supplies on time, tracking of
complete supply chain comprising of warehouses, stock suppliers, wholesalers, retailers etc
are essential to ensure that the end users are never given a chance to look for alternatives.

To conclude, process automation is the basic need of the success of the organization of
present times. The more intuitive the ERP solution is, the better role it will play in the
success of the business. Thus, ERPs enriched with all the modules mentioned above are
ideal for competent and customer-centric organizations of high repute.

Finance & Accounting

Finance and Accounting module used to be separate software when the activities related to
only this function were brought on to a computerized platform. But, with the emergence of
wholesome solutions like ERP, the finance and accounting activities management has been
integrated into this system having wider area of influence. Apart from providing assistance
in routine activities like balance sheet preparation, ledger maintenance, cash flow
management, bank statement reconciliation, tax statements etc, the finance and
accounting module generates reports too. These reports are extremely crucial for business
strategies and top management decision making

Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

CRM entails all the activities that an organization does for maintaining healthy and long-
lasting relationship with the end consumers. The CRM module offers a systematic way of
recording the complaint numbers and generating responses, of maintaining records of
suggestions given, feedbacks received. Solving disputes in documented fashion is not the
sole purpose of CRM module of ERP. Join promotion of products, generation of loyalty
coupons, and maintenance of purchase records etc are other important functions that
further strengthen customer relations.

Human Resource
Human resource planning involves lot of things apart from recruitment and payrolls. Salary
records maintenance, allotment of work equipment, tracking of workdays for computing
salary, shuffling of staff and keeping track of promotions and due bonuses are various
activities encompassing the responsibilities of an HR official. All such varied activities
requiring different kinds of resources and information solutions can be integrated at single
place – the human resource module of ERP system. This system helps keep track of various
other payables too, like travel reimbursements, compensation benefits etc. Employee

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training and development records are also maintained in this module and it generates
reports pertaining to various activities too, so that future actions can be planned.

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QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY ANSWERS
Q:1 What was the basic motivation in going for an ERP system?

Ans: According to the manager the key benefits of ERP system motivate them to go with ERR
software. Benefits such as increased standardization, better reporting, Increasing customer
service and intimacy ,better decision making and reduced operational costs were recognized as
goals of ERP implementation.

Q:2 What were the problems that you faced with the earlier system or processes?

Ans: Too obsolete, slow processing, data gathering issue, knowledge base, less technical and
more human effort required. These are the problems they faced with the earlier system.

Q:3 What kind of planning was done before implementation?

Ans: Make sure that the how to transfer the data from the Old system to new system, and how
many resource are needed for implementation i.e Inputting of Data into the new system.

Q:4 How you selected specific ERP solution (through consultants otherwise) ?

Ans: By consultant and We Carefully evaluate our options before selecting. I am not allowed to
tell you more information about it.

Q:5 How many modules are implemented in your company?

Ans: The following modules of ERP System are implemented in HBL.

 Supply Chain Management

 Finance & Accounting
 Customer Relation Management
 Human Resource Management

Q:6 Why you selected the above mentioned modules?

Ans: The reason why I have selected these modules it was because that was our complete
requirement and by acquiring all those modules we want to facilitate and help our clients and
employees in every possible way we can.

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Q:7 Evaluation of the current implemented process (success and problems)?

Ans: We have been able to achieve our goals by successfully implementing our ERP system:

Success:

 Improved Reporting and Planning

 Improved Supply Chain Management
 Standardized Business Process
 Customer Service and etc

Problems:

 Cost of the Software.

 Cost of implementation and maintenance
 Customization process
 Complexity

Resources and Planning has been well organized, data can be utilized for various functions.

Q:8 Financial, operational, customer satisfaction and other indicators before and after
implementation?

Ans: Operational benefits: An ERP system automates day-to-day operational processes and,
thus, the system benefits in terms of cost reduction, cycle time reduction and improvement in
productivity, quality as well as customer service.

Organizational benefits: An ERP system improves working patterns, organizational learning and
communication among people.

Managerial benefits: ERP systems with their databases and data analysis capacitiescan
facilitate decision making and improve performance in operating divisions. Hence, ERP systems
provide planning benefits to management.

Better financial controls as per the departments are synergized in better way, timely processing
of data increase Satisfaction of all Stake Holders.

Q:9 What is the cost of maintaining and implementing ERP?

Ans: Cost is huge and it cannot be quoted in numbers, company has to take various measures
when implementing ERP.

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Q:10 Did you achieve the outcomes you expected?

Ans: Yes outcomes have been achieved, company has better controls and departments are
interconnected and resources at hand are being better utilized.

Q:11 What was and what is your employee ration before and after implementation of this
process?

Ans: Organization has restructured its various departments, jobs and positions that were no
longer needed after the implementation of ERP have been closed and employees have been
relocated. Some have been advised to look for better alternatives.

Q:12 What do managers need to know about organizations in order to build and use ERP
successfully?

Ans: The understanding of each module which is going to implement. Operations between
Marketing, Sales, Supply Chain, Warehousing, Operations, Human Resource and Finance is
pretty important. So, these departments are to be interconnected in order to have stable and
paced operations which will eventually increase the productivity of the company.Managers
have to know about Organogram (hierarachy), Procedures and Policies, Company financials,
Budgeting and concrete planning before implementing ERP

Q:13 Why is it so difficult to implement ERP?

Ans: It is not difficult to implement ERP because it all depends on the size of an organization
and management role as how to implement ERP at right time. What is required is the training
of Employees for new systems before transformation, testing and controls must be checked
before final implementation.

Q:14 Time period (for how long is ERP implemented)?

Ans: The length of time it takes to implement ERP depends on the number of variables ,
determining that how long it will take is not an easy task and each module of ERP whether its
Accounting, Financial, SCM, HRM etc takes different time to implement.

Q:15 What is the overall advantage of having an ERP?

Ans: Increasing standardization, better control and reporting, reduction in operational cost, less
resources are required.

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Q:16 Did you went for BPR before implementing EPR?

Ans: Yes, BPR is required for better execution of ERP.

Q:17 What methodology you applied for BPR?

Ans: Methodology#2 was used.

Q:18 What were the hurdles faced during BPR?

Ans: Shortage of time, budget and risk.

Q:19 What was the cost and time of BPR?

Ans: Cost cannot be quoted .

Q:20 Specific areas of business where BPR was carried out?

Ans: HR, Financials.

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