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SCIENCE 6
I. MATTER
MATTER = Anything that occupy space and has mass.
MOLECULE = A combination up two or more ATOM that bonded together.
Examples: Electron
Proton
Neutron
ATOM = The smallest particle of an element.
3 STATES OF MATTER: 1. SOLID
2. LIQUID
3. GAS
SOLID = Is a sample of matter that retains its shape and density when not
confined.
Example of Solid:
LIQUID =Is a sample of matter that conforms to the to the shape of the container
in which it is held, and which acquires a defined surface in the presence.
Example of Liquid:
+ =
solute solvent solution
3 TYPES OF SOLUTION: 1. LIQUID SOLUTION
2. SOLID SOLUTION
3. GASEOUS SOLUTION
Example : Liquid solution Example: Solid solution
Liquid dessolve in liquid Solid dessolve in liquid
Vinegar = Acetic acid + water Sugar solution = sugar + water
[solute] [solvent] [solute] [solvent]
Example: Gaseous Solution
Gas dessolve in liquid
Softdrink = carbon dioxide gas + water
[solute] [solvent]
SOLID SOLUTION
ALLOY = Is formed when solution of two solid materials is possible.
BRASS = Which is usually used in making furniture is composed of copper and
zink.
STEEL = Is a metal, which is composed of carbon and iron metals its commonly
used in construction, building and bridge.
MISCIBLE AND IMMISCIBLE SOLUTION = Is formed when two soluble liquids
dissolve each other.
Example : Alcohol and water
A little bit of salt A lot of salt
Example of suspention:
+ =
Water sand suspention
*The particles settle at the botton when left to stand and can be separate by
filtration.
* The particle that settle at the bottom is called the dispressed particle while
water is the dispresion medium.
COLLOID = Is a heterogeneous mixture with intermediate particle size beetwen a
solution and a suspention.
= Colloid particles maybe seen in a beam of light such as a dust in
etheir air or a shift of sunlight.
= Dilute colloid sometimes as clear as solution and appear to be
homogeneuos mixture because their dispered colloid particles
scatter light, phenomenom called the TYDAIL EFFECT.
Example of colloid:
Types of Colloid:
Uses of Colloid
*Dailysy *Artificial fiber industry
*Pottery *Pharmacuetical industry
III. WAYS OF SEPARATING MIXTURES:
HANDPICKING = The components of a solid mixture can be separated by hand
picking.
= This is only useful when the particles are larges enough to been
clearly.
= It is the most commonly used method of separated.
Examples: 1. Separating pebbles from rice or dal.
2. Separating grass from mint leaves.
3. Separating parts of a salad.
THRESHING = Is the method that generally used by the farmer to separate the
grains from the stalks after harvest.
= The dried stalks are beetwen or therssed to separate the grains.
= However in large farm therssed is done by using thershing
Machine.
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