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Power System

GATE - 2020/21

Practice

Analysis

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 Power System

S NO. TOPICS PAGE NO.

1 Transmission Line Parameter 1-4

2 Performance of Transmission 1 - 10
Line
3 UG Cable, Insulator Corona, 1-5
HVDC
4 Fault Analysis 1 - 15

5 Power System Stability 1-7

6 Load Flow Analysis 1-7

7 Power System Protection 1-5

 CHAPTER - 1 T. L. PARAMETER (L & C CALCULATION)

Q.01 When a fixed amount of power is to be (C)Decreases system stability

transmitted, the efficiency of transmission
(D)Increases the short circuit current
increases when
Q.05 If the length of a wire of resistance R is
(A) Voltage decrease, power factor remains
uniformly stretched to n times its original
constant
value its new resistance is:
(B) Voltage increases, power factor increases
R
(C) Voltage decreases, power factor decreases (A) nR (B)
n
(D) Voltage constant, power factor decreases
R
(C) n 2 R (D)
Q.02 The inductance of a power transmission line n2
increases with
Q.06 Corona losses are minimized when
(A) Decrease in line length
(A) Conductor size is reduced
(B) Increase in diameter of conductor
(B) Smooth conductor is reduced
(C) Increase in spacing between the phase
conductors (C) Sharp points are provided in the line
hardware
(D) Increase in load current carried by the
conductors (D) Current density in conductors is reduced

Q.03 A three phase overhead transmission line has Q.07 For a single phase overhead line having solid
its conductors horizontally spaced with copper conductors of diameter 1cm, spaced
spacing between adjacent conductors equal to 60cm between centers, the inductance in
‘d’. If now the conductors of the line are mH/km is:
rearranged to form an equilateral triangle of (A) 0.05+0.2In60 (B) 0.2ln60
sides equal to ‘d’ then:
 60   60 
(A) Average capacitance and inductance will (C) 0.05+0.2In   (D) 0.2In  
increase  0.5   0.5 

(B) Average capacitance will increase and
inductance will increase
(C) Average capacitance will increase and
inductance will decrease
(D) Surge impedance loading of the line
increases
Q.04 Bundled conductors are employed to improve
the
(A)Appearance of the transmission line
(B)Mechanical stability of the line
Q.08 The conductors of a 10 km long single phase,
two wire line are separated by a distance of
1.5m. The diameter of each conductor is 1 cm.
If the conductors are of copper, the inductance
of the circuit is
(A) 50.0 mH (B) 45.3 mH
(C) 23.8 mH (D) 19.6 mH
Q.09 Consider a long, two –wire line composed of
solid round conductors. The radius of both
conductors is 0.25 cm and the distance
between their centers is 1m. If this distance is
doubled, then the inductance per unit length
2 | Power System
(A) Doubles conductors and ground, and assume that
spacing between sub-conductors is much
(B) Halves
larger than their radius, the maximum electric
(C) Increases but does not double field intensity is experienced at

(D) Decreases but does not halve Y

Q.10 A long wire composed of a smooth round

conductor runs above and parallel to the
ground (assumed to be a large conducting X
plane). A high voltage exists between the Z
conductor and the ground. The maximum
electric stress occurs at W

(A) The upper surface of the conductor

(B) The lower surface of the conductor
(A) Point X
(C) The ground surface
(B) Point Y
(D) Midway between the conductor and
(C) point Z
ground
(D) point W
Q.11 Bundled conductors are mainly used in high
voltage overhead transmission lines to Q.14 For a fixed value of complex power flow in a
transmission line having a sending end
(A) Reduce transmission line losses voltage V, the real power loss will be
proportional to
(B) Increase mechanical strength of the line
(C) Reduce corona (A) V (B) V2

(D) Reduce sag 1 1

Q.12 A single phase transmission line and a
telephone line are both symmetrically strung
one below the other, in horizontal
configurations, on a common tower. The
shortest and longest distances between the
phase and telephone conductors are 2.5 m and
3 m respectively. The voltage (volt/km)
inducted in the telephone circuit, due to 50 Hz
current of 100 amps in the power circuit is
(A) 4.81 (B) 3.56
(C) 2.29 (D) 1.27
Q.13 Consider a bundled conductor of an overhead
line, consisting of three identical sub-
conductors placed at the corners of an
equilateral triangle as shown in the figure. If
we neglect the charges on the other phase
(C) (D)
V2 V
Q.15 The horizontally placed conductors of a single
phase line operating at 50Hz are having
outside diameter of 1.6cm, the spacing
between centers of the conductors is 6m. The
permittivity of free space is 8.854 1012
F/m. The capacitance to ground per kilometer
of each line is
(A) 4.2 109 F (B) 8.4 109 F
(C) 4.2 1012 F (D) 8.4 1012 F
Q.16 A composite conductor consists of three
conductors of radius R each. The conductors
are arranged as shown below. The geometric
mean radius (GMR) (in cm) of the composite
 TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETER (L & C CALCULATION) | 3
conductor is kR. The value of k is
__________.

3R

R 600

60 0

Q.17 A single-phase transmission line has two

conductors each of 10 mm radius. These are
fixed at a center-to-center distance of 1m in a
horizontal plane. This is now converted to a
three-phase transmission line by introducing a
third conductor of the same radius. This
conductor is fixed at an equal distance D from
the two single-phase conductors. The three
phase line is fully transposed. This positive
sequence inductance per phase of the three-
phase system is to be 5% more than that of the
inductance per conductor of the single-phase
system. The distance D, in meters, is
____________.
4 | Power System

Answer Key : - TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETER (L & C CALCULATION)

1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (C) 4 (B) 5 (C)
6 (D) 7 (C) 8 (C) 9 (C) 10 (B)

11 (C) 12 (C) 13 (B) 14 (C) 15 (B)

16 1.914 17 1.43


 CHAPTER - 2 PERFORMANCE OF TRANSMISSION LINE

Q.01 Two transmission lines are connected in (D) Data insufficient for decision
cascade, whose ABCD parameters are Q.06 For equilateral spacing of conductors of an
untransposed 3 –phase line, we have
A1 B1  1 10300  A2 B2   1 0
C D  =  ;  =  (A) Balanced receiving end voltage and no
 1 1  C1 1  C2 D2  0.025 -30
0
1
communication interference
Respectively, find the resultant ABCD
parameters. (B) Unbalanced receiving end voltage and
no communication interference
Q.02 In a 400 kV network, 360 kV is recorded at
a 400 kV bus. The reactive power absorbed (C) Balanced receiving end voltage and
by a shunt rated for 50 MVAR, 400 kV communication interference
connected at the bus is
(D) Unbalanced receiving end voltage and
(A) 61.73 MVAR communication interference
(B) 55.56 MVAR Q.07 The velocity of propagation of
(C) 45 MVAR electromagnetic wave on an underground
cable with relative permittivity of 3 will
(D) 40.5 MVAR be…m/sec
Q.03 The surge impedance of a 400 km long
Q.08 A factory draws 100kW at 0.7p.f lagging
overhead transmission line is 400 ohms. For
from a 3–phase, 11kV supply. It is desired
a 200 m length of the same line, the surge
to raise the p.f. to 0.95 lagging using series
impedance will be:
capacitors. Calculate the rating of the
(A) 200  (B) 800  capacitor required.
(C) 400  (D) 100  Q.09 The reflection coefficient for the
transmission line shown in fig. at P is:
Q.04 Two identical three-phase transmission lines
are connected in parallel to supply a total
load of 100 MW at 132 kV and 0.8p.f Transmission line P

lagging at the receiving end. The ABCD z0= 300 
z0= surge impedance
constant of each transmission line are as
LOAD 300
follows:
A = D = 0.98  10 ; B = 100  750 Ohms
per phase ; C = 0.0005  900 Siemens per
(A) +1 (B) -1
phase Determine:
(C) 0 (D) 0.5
(a) The ABCD constants of the combined
network Q.10 Series capacitive compensation in EHV
(b) The sending end power factor transmission lines is used to
(A)Reduce the line loading
Q.05 For a 500Hz frequency excitation, a 50km
long power line will be modeled as (B) Improve the stability of the system
(A) Short line (C) Reduce the voltage profile
(B) Medium line (D) Improve the protection of the file
(C) Long line
2 | Power System
Q.11 A cable has the following characteristic L=
0.201 µH / m and C = 196.2p/F / m. The
velocity of wave propagation through the
cable is:
(A) 32m/s
(B) 159.24*106m/s
(C) 0.0312m/s
(D) 159.24m/s
Q.12 A shunt reactor of 100MVAr is operated at
98% of its rated voltage and at 96% of its
rated frequency. The reactive power
absorbed by the reactor is:
(A) 98MVAr (B) 104.02MVAr
(C) 96.04MVAr (D) 100.04MVAr
Q.13 A circuit consisting of a single resistor R
and an inductor L in series is driven by a
25V RMS, 50 Hz sinusoidal voltage source.
A capacitor is to be placed in parallel with
the source to improve the power factor. Give
that the average power dissipated in the R is
100W and that the reactive power delivered
to the L is 75Var, what value of C will yield
a 0.9 p.f. lagging as seen by the source?
Q.14 An overhead line having a surge impedance
of 400  is connected in series in series with
an underground cable having a surge
impedance of 100  . If a surge of 50kV
travels from the line end towards the line-
cable junctions, the value of the transmitted
voltage wave at the junction is:
(A) 30Kv (B) 20kV
(C) 80kV (D) -30kV
Q.15 A 220kV, 20 km long, 3-phase transmission
line has the following A, B, C, D constants.
A= D = 0.96  30, B = 55  650  / phase,
C= 0.5E -04  800S/ phase
11
(A) A (B) 11A
3
220
(C) 220A (D) A
3
Q.16 A 3-phase, 11kV, 50 Hz, 200 kW load has a
power factor of 0.8lag. A delta connected 3–
phase capacitor is used to improve the power
factor to unity. The capacitance power phase
of the capacitor in microfarads is
(A) 3.948 (B) 1.316
(C) 0.439 (D) 11.844
Q.17 A 66 kV, 3-phase, 50Hz, 150km long
overhead transmission line is open circuited
at the receiving end. Each conductor has a
resistance of 0.25  /km, an inductive
reactance of 0.5  /km and a capacitive
admittance to neutral of 0.04  10-4S/km
(A) Draw the nominal π –equivalent circuit
and indicate the value of each parameter
(B) Calculate the receiving end voltage if the
sending end voltage is 66kV
Q.18 A 50 Hz balanced three-phase, Y-connected
supply is connected to a balanced three phase
Y-connected load. If the instantaneous
phase-  of the supply voltage is Vcos (t)
and the phase -  of thee load current is lcos
(t -) , the instantaneous three-phase power
is
(A) A constant with a magnitude of VI cos 
3
(B) A constant with a magnitude of   VI
2
cos 
(C) Time-varying with an average value of
3
  VI cos  and a frequency of 100Hz
2
 PERFORMANCE OF TRANSMISSION LINE | 3
(C) Time-varying with an average value of (B) Calculate the value of the reflected
VI cos  and a frequency of 50Hz component of this surge when the first
reflection reaches A.
Q.19 A lossless radial transmission line with
surge impedance loading (C) Calculate the surge current in the cable
BC.
(A) Takes negative VAR at sending end and
zero VAR at receiving end
Q.22 A transmission line has a total series
(B) Takes positive VAR at sending end and
zero VAR at receiving end reactance of 0.2 pu. Reactive power
(C) Has flat voltage profile and unity power compensation is applied at the midpoint of
factor at all points along it
the line and it is controlled such that the
(D) Has sending end voltage higher than
receiving end voltage and unity power factor midpoint voltage of the transmission line is
at sending end. always maintained at 0.98 pu. If voltages at
both ends of the line are maintained at 1.0pu,
Q.20 Consider the model shown in figure of a
transmission line with a series capacitor at its then the steady state power transfer limit of
mid-point. The maximum voltage on the line the transmission line is
is at the location
P j0.1pu P3 j0-1pu P4
1 P 2
(A) 9.8pu (B) 4.9pu
I=1pu
-j0.15pu pf=1
__ (C) 19.6pu (D) 5pu
VS 1pu 00 -V
r

Q.23 A long lossless transmission line has a unity

(A) P1 (B) P2
(C) P3 (D)P4
Q.21 A 132 kV transmission line AB is connected
to a cable BC. The characteristic impedances
of the overhead line and the cable are 400 
and 80  respectively. Assume that these are
purely resistive. A 250kV switching surge
travels from A to B.
(A) Calculate the value of this voltage surge
when it first reaches C.
power factor (UPF) load at the receiving end
and an ac voltage source at the sending end
(Figure). The parameters of the transmission
line are as follows:
Characteristic impedance ZC = 400  ,
propagation constant β = 1.2 × 10-3 rad/km,
and length I= 100km. The equation relating
sending and receiving end questions is Vs=
Vrcos (βI) + jZCsin (βI) IR
Computer the maximum power that can be
transferred to the UPF load at the receiving
end if ǀVSǀ = 230kV
4 | Power System
I (A) 36.72 kV
~ Transmission Line R
VS VR
UPF Load
Q.24 A balanced delta connected load of (8 + j6)
 per phase is connected to a 400 V, 50Hz,
3-phase supply lines. If the input power
factor is to be improved to 0.9 by connecting
a bank of star connected the required kVAR
of the bank is
(A) 42.7 (B) 10.2
(C) 28.8 (D) 38.4
Q.25 The ABCD parameters of a 3-phase overhead
transmission line are A = D = 0.9  0, B =
200  900  and C = 0.95 × 10-3  900S. At
no-load condition a shunt inductive reactor is
connected at the receiving end of the line to
limit the receiving end voltage to be equal to
the sending end voltage. The ohmic value of
the reactor is
(A)   (B) 2000
(C) 105.26  (D) 1052.6 
Q.26 A surge of 20 kV magnitude travels along a
lossless cable towards its junction with two
identical lossless overhead transmission
lines. The inductance and the capacitance of
the cable are 0.4mH and 0.5 μ F per km. The
inductance and capacitance of the overhead
transmission lines are 1.5mH and 0.015 μ F
per km. The magnitude of the voltage at the
junction due to surge is
(B) 18.36 kV
(C) 6.07 kV (D) 33.93 kV
Q.27 A 3 –phase, 11 –kV generator feeds power to
a constant power unity power factor load of
100 MW through a 3–phase transmission
line. The line-to-line at the terminals of the
machine is maintained constant at 11 kV.
The per unit positive sequence impedance of
the line based 100 MVA and 11 kV is j0.2.
The line-to-line voltage at the load terminals
is measured to be less than 11 kV. The total
reactive power to be injected at the terminals
of the load to increase the line to line voltage
at the load terminals to 11 kV is
(A) 100 MVAR (B) 10.1 MVAR
(C) -100 MVAR (D) -10.1 MVAR
Q.28 An 800 kV transmission line is having per
phase line inductance of 1.1mH/km and per
phase line capacitance of 11.68F/km.
Ignoring the length of the line, its ideal
power transfer capability in MW is
(A) 1204 MW (B) 1504 MW
(C) 2085 MW (D) 2606 MW
Q.29 A lightning stroke discharges impulse current
of 10 kA (peak) on a 400 kV transmission
line having surge impedance of 250  . The
magnitude of transient over-voltage traveling
waves in either direction assuming equal
 PERFORMANCE OF TRANSMISSION LINE | 5
distribution from the point of lighting strike lagging. If the capacitor goes out of service,
will be the load power factor becomes

(A) 1250 kW (B) 1650 kW (A) 0.85 lag (B) 1.00 lag
(C) 2500 kW (D) 2900 kW (C) 0.80 lag (D) 0.90 lag

Q.30 The generalized circuit constants of a 3-
phase, 220 kV rated voltage, medium length
transmission line are
A = D = 0.936 + j0.016 = 0.936ǀ0.98o
B = 33.5 + j138 = 142.0ǀ76.4o 
C = (-5.18 + j914) × 10-6 
If the load at the receiving end is 50 MW at
220 kV with a power factor of 0.9 lagging.
The magnitude of line to line sending end
voltage should be
Q.33 The concept of an electrically short, medium
and long line is primarily based on the
(A) Nominal voltage of the line
(B) Physical length of the line
(C) Wavelength of the line
(D) Power transmitted over the line
Q.34 A 400V, 50 Hz, three phase balanced source
supplies power to a star connected load

whose rating is 12 3 kVA, 0.8 pf (lag). The

(A) 133.23 kV (B)220.00 kV rating (in kVAR) of the delta connected
(C)230.78 kV (D)246.30 kV (capacitive) reactive power bank necessary to
bring the pf to unity is
Q.31 An 800 kV transmission line has a
maximum power transfer capacity on the
(A) 28.78 (B) 21.60
operated at 400 kV with the series reactance
(C) 16.60 (D) 12.47
unchanged, the new maximum power
transfer capacity is approximately
Q.35 The A,B,C,D constants of a 200 kV line are:
A = D = 0.94  10, B = 130  730, C = 0.001
(A) P (B) 2P
 900if the sending end voltage of the line
P P
(C) (D) for a given load delivered at nominal voltage
2 4
is 240 kV. Then % voltage regulation of the

Q.32 At an industrial sub-station with a 4 MW line is

load, a capacitor of 2 MVAR is installed to (A) 5 (B) 9

maintain the load power factor at 0.97 (C) 16 (D) 21

6 | Power System
ratio of line length to wavelength will be
Q.36 The total reactance and total susceptance of given by
a lossless overhead EHV line, operating at 50
Hz. are given by 0.045pu and 1.2pu (A) 24.24% (B) 12.12%
respectively. If the velocity of wave (C) 19.05% (D) 6.06%
propagation is 3×105 km/s, then the
approximate length of the line is Q.39 A lossless transmission line having surge
impedance loading (SIL) of 2280 MW is
(A) 122 km (B) 172 km provided with a uniformly distributed services
(C) 222 km (D) 272 km compensation of 30%. Then, SIL of the
compensated transmission line will be
Q.37 A 230 V (Phase). 50 Hz, three-phase, 4-wire
system has a phase sequence ABC. A unity (A) 1835 MW (B) 2280 MW
power-factor load of 4 kW is connected (C) 2725 MW (D) 3257 MW
between phase A and neutral N. It is desired
to achieve zero neutral current through the Q.40 Match the items in List-I with the items in
use of a pure inductor and a pure capacitor in List-II and select the correct answer using the
the other two phase. The value of inductor codes given below the lists.
and capacitor is List I List II
To Use
(A) 72.95mH in phase C and 139.02 µF in Improve power factor shunt reactor
phase B Reduce the current ripples Shunt capacitor
(B) 72.95mH in phase B and 139.02 µF in Increase the power
phase C flow in line Shunt capacitor
(C) 42.12mH in phase C and 240.79 µF in Reduce the Ferranti effect Series reactor
phase B
(D) 42.12mH in phase B and 240.79 µF in (a) a→2, b→3, c→4, d→1
phase C (b) a→2, b→4, c→3, d→1
(c) a→4, b→3, c→1, d→2
Q.38 An extra high voltage transmission line of (d) a→4, b→1, c→3, d→2
length 300 km can be approximated by a
lossless line having propagation constant β = Q.41 Three generators are feeding a load of 100
0.00127 radians per km. Then the percentage MW. The details of the generators are
 PERFORMANCE OF TRANSMISSION LINE | 7

Rating Efficiency Regulation Q.43 Consider two buses connected by an

(MW) (%) (p.u.) on 100 impedance of (0 + j5)  . The bus 1 voltage
MVA base is 100  300V, and bus 2 Voltage is 100 
100 20 0.02 00 V. The real and reactive power supplied
Generator-1
by bus 1, respectively are
100 30 0.04
Generator-2
(A) 1000W, 268VAr
100 40 0.03
Generator-3 (B)-1000W, -134V Ar
(C) 276.9W, -56.7V Ar
In the event of increased load power
(D) -276.9W, 56.7V Ar
demand, which of the following will
happen?
Q.44 For the system shown below, SD1 and SD2
(A) All the generators will share equal
are complex power demands at bus 1 and
power
bus 2 respectively. If ǀV2ǀ = 1pu, the VAR
(B) Generator – 3 will share more power
rating of the capacitor (QG2) connected at
compared to Generator -1
bus 2 is
(C) Generator – 1 will share more power
compared to Generator -2 Bus 2
Bus 1
V1  0 pu V2
(D) Generator – 2 will share more power S G1

compared to Generator-3
~ Z =j0.5 pu
QG2

SD1=1pu SD2=1pu
Q.42 Consider a step voltage wave of magnitude
1pu travelling along a lossless transmission (A) 0.2pu (B) 0.268pu
line that terminates in a reactor. The voltage (C) 0.312pu (D) 0.4pu
magnitude across at the instant the
travelling wave reaches the reactor is Q.45 A two bus power system shown in the figure

A
supplies load of 1.0 + j0.5 p.u.

Reactor Bus 1 Bus 2

G1 V1 00 1d 2
~ j0.1
j2 1.0  j0.5
(A) -1 pu (B)1 pu
(C)2 pu (D)3 pu
8 | Power System
power and base current are 100 MVA and
437.38 A respectively. The line-to-line load
The value of V1 in p.u and 2
voltage in voltage in kV is_______.
respectively are Q.49 Shunt reactors are sometimes used in high
(A) 0.95 and 6.00 voltage transmission systems to

(B) 1.05 and -5.44

(C) 1.1 and -6.00
(D) 1.1 and -27.12
Q.46 A single phase induction motor draws 12
MW power at 0.6 lagging power. A
capacitor is connected in parallel to the
motor to improve the power factor of the
combination of motor and capacitor to 0.8
lagging. Assuming that the real and reactive
power drawn by the motor remains same as
before, the reactive delivered by the
capacitor in MVAR is.
Q.47 In a long transmission line with r, l, g and c
are resistance, inductance,
(A) Limit the short circuit current though
the line
(B) Compensate for the series reactance of
the line under heavily loaded condition
(C) Limit over-voltage at the load side
under lightly loaded condition.
(D) Compensate for the voltage drop in the
line under heavily loaded condition.
Q.50 For a 400 km long transmission line, the
series impedance is (0.0 + j0.5)  km and
the shunt admittance is (0.0 + j0.5)
μmho/km The magnitude of the series
impedance (in ) of the equivalent 
circuit of the transmission line is_______.
shunt Q.51 The complex power consumed by constant-

conductance and capacitance per unit

voltage load is  P1  jQ1  , where
1kW  P1  1.5kW and
length, respectively, the condition for
0.5kVAR  Q1  1kVAR
distortion less transmission is
A compensating shunt capacitor is chosen
such that Q  0.25kVAR where Q is that
(A) rc = lg (C) rg = lc
net reactive power consumed by the
(B) r = l c (D) g = c l capacitor-load combination. The reactive
power (in kVAR) supplied by the capacitor
is________.
Q.48 A three phase star-connected load is
drawing at a voltage of 0.9 pu and 0.8 Q.52 A three-phase cable is supplying 800kW and
600 kVAr to an inductive load. It is
power actor lagging. The three phase base
intended to supply an additional resistive
 PERFORMANCE OF TRANSMISSION LINE | 9
load of 100kW through the same cable
without increasing the heat dissipation in
the cable, by providing a three-phase bank
of capacitor connected in star across the
load. Given the line voltage is 3.3kV, 5Hz
the capacitor per phase of the bank,
expressed in microfarads, is______.

Q.53 The inductance and capacitance of a 400kV,

three-phase, 50Hz lossless transmission line
are 1.6 mH/km/phase and10 nF/km/phase
respectively. The sending end voltage is
maintained at 400kV. To maintain a voltage
400kV at the receiving end, when the line is
delivering 300MW load, the shunt
compensation required is

(A) Capacitive (B) Inductive

(C) Resistive (D) Zero

Q.54 At no load condition, a3-phase, 50Hz losses

power transmission line has sending-end
and receiving-end voltage of 400kV and
420kV respectively. Assuming the voltage
of travelling wave to be the velocity of light,
length of the line, in km, is_____.

Q.55 The power consumption of an industry is

500kVA, at 0.8 p.f. lagging. A
synchronous motor is added to raise the
power factor of the industry to unity. If
the power intake of the motor is 100kW,
the p.f of the motor is _______.
10 | Power System

Answer Key : PERFORMANCE OF TRANSMISSION LINE

A = 1.25
B = 10300
1 2 (D) 3 (C) 4 (A) 5 (C)
C=
0.025  300
6 (A) 7 1.732×108m/sec 8 1.81μf 9 (C) 10 (B)

11 (B) 12 (D) 13 135.3μf 14 (B) 15 (A)

16 (B) 17 38×9796 KV 18 (B) 19 (C) 20 (C)

A = 83.33
KV
B = -166.67
21 22 (A) 23 1.67KW 24 (B) 25 (B)
KV
C = 1.0416
KA
26 (D) 27 (B) 28 (C) 29 (A) 30 (C)
31 (D) 32 (C) 33 (C) 34 (D) 35 (C)
36 (C) 37 (B) 38 (D) 39 (C) 40 (B)
41 (C) 42 (C) 43 (A) 44 (B) 45 (B)
46 7 47 (A) 48 118.8 49 (C) 50 186.81
51 0.75 52 47.96 53 (B) 54 295.07 55 0.3162


 CHAPTER – 03
Q.1 Ring main distribution system is preferred to a
radial system, because
(A) It is less expensive
(B) Voltage drop in the feeder is less
(C) Power factor is higher
(D) Supply is more reliable
Q.2 HVDC Transmission is preferred to EHV-AC
because
(A) HVDC terminal equipment inexpensive
(B) VAR compensation is not required in
HVDC systems
(C) System stability can be improved
(D) Harmonics-problem is avoided
Q.3 The insulation resistance of a cable of length 10
km is 1 M . For a length of 100 km of the
same cable, the insulation resistance will be
(A) 1 M (B) 10 M
(C) 0.1 M (D) 0.01 M
Q.4 In a string of three identical suspension
insulator units supporting a transmission line
conductor, if the self-capacitance of each units
is denoted as C Farads, the capacitance of each
connector pin to ground can be taken as 0.1 C
Farads. Determine the voltage distribution
across the string if the maximum permissible
voltage per units is given as 20kV. Also
determine the string efficiency.
Q.5 Bulk power transmission over long HVDC lines
is preferred, on account of
(A) Low cost of HVDC terminals
(B) No harmonic problems
(C) Minimum line power losses
(D) Simple protection
Q.6 Each conductor of a 33KV, 3-phase system is
suspended by a string of three similar insulars.
UG CABLE, INSULATOR CORONA, HVDC
The ratio of shunt capacitance to mutual
capacitance is 0.1. Calculate the voltage across
each insulator, and the string efficiency.
Q.7 A single phase AC distributor supplies two
single phase loads as shown in fig. The voltage
drop from A to C is:
A B C
j0.25 0+j0.35
30A 40A
0.8 lag upf
(A) 4.5V
(B) 31.5V
(C) 30V
(D) 20V
Q.8 A 6.6kV, 50Hz, single core lead-sheathed cable
has the following data:
Conductor diameter: 1.5cm, length: 4km
Internal diameter of the sheath: 3cm
Resistivity of insulation: 1.3 10   m
12
Relative permittivity of insulation: 3.5
Calculate:
(A) The insulation resistance
(B) The capacitance and
(C)The maximum electric stress in the
insulation
Q.9 In a transmission line each conductor is 20 kV
and is supported by a string of 3 suspension
insulators. The air capacitance between each
cap-pin junction and tower is one-fifth of the
capacitance C of each insulator unit. A guard
ring, effective only over the line-end insulator
unit is fitted so that the voltage on the two units
nearest the line-end is equal
2 | Power System
4
tangent of XLPE is 2  10 , the dielectric
c power loss in this cable in W/km is
c/s
(A) 5.0 (B) 31.7

c (C) 37.8 (D) 189.0

cx c/s
Q.13 Two regional system, each having several
synchronous generator and loads are
c interconnected by an ac line and a HVDC link
as shown in figure. Which of the following
statement is true in the steady state:
(A) Calculation the voltage on the line-end
unit Pdc
(B) Calculate the value of capacitance C x
required Region 1 HDVC line Region 2
AC line
Q.10 The corona loss on a particular system at 50 Pac
Hz is 1kW/km per phase. The corona loss at 60
Hz would be
(A) 1kW/km per phase (A)Both regions need not have the same frequency.
(B) 0.83 kW/km per phase (B) The total power now between the regions
(C) 1.2 kW/km per phase (Pac  Pdc ) can be changed by controlling the
HVDC converters alone.
(D) 1.13 kW/km per phase
(C) The power sharing between the ac line and the
Q.11 A dc distribution system is shown in Fig. with HVDC link can be changed by controlling the
load currents as marked. The two ends of the HVDC converters alone.
feeder are fed by voltage sources such that
VP - VQ = 3V , the value of the voltage VP (D) The direction of power now in the HVDC link (
Pdc ) cannot be reversed.
for a minimum voltage of 220V at any point
along the feeder is Q.14 Single line diagram of a 4-bus single source
VP VQ distribution system is shown below. Branches
e1 , e2 , e3 and e4 have equal impedances. The
0.1 0 5 0.2
   Q
P load current values indicated in the figure are
in per unit.
10A 20A 30A 15A
Distribution Company’s policy requires radial
(A) 225.89 V (B) 222.89V system operation with minimum loss, this can
be achieved by opening of the branch
(C) 220.0 (D) 228.58
Q.12 A 110kV, single core coaxial, XLPE insulated
power cable delivering power at 50 Hz, has a
capacitance of 125nF/km. If the dielectric loss
 UG CABLEI, INSULATOR, CORONA, HVDC | 3
~

e2
e1 e2 5C

C
5C
e1
e3 e4
1  j0 5  j0

Conductor

2  j0 (A) e1= 3.74kV, e2=2.61kV

(A) e1 (B) e2 (B) e1= 3.46kV, e2=2.89kV

(C) e3 (D) e4 (C) e1= 6.0kV, e2=4.23kV

Q.15 Power is transferred from system A to system
(D) e1= 5.5kV, e2=5.5kV
B by an HVDC link as shown in the figure. If
the voltage VAB and VCD are as indicated in Q.17 Consider a three-core three-phase, 50Hz, 11kV
the figure and l > 0, then cable whose conductors are denoted as R, Y
and B in the figure. The inter-pulse capacitance
(C1) between each pair of conductors is
A
Power Flow
C
0.2 F and between each line conductor and
 
AC
System A
AC
System B
the sheath is 0.4  F . The per-phase Charging

B

D
current is
Rectifier

C2
(A) VAB  0, VCD < 0, VAB > VCD
R
C1 C1
(B) VAB > 0. VCD >0. VAB > VCD
B Y C2
(C) VAB  0, VCD > 0, VAB > VCD C1
C2
(D) VAB  0, VCD < 0
Outer Sheath
Q.16 Consider a three-phase, 50Hz, 11kV
distribution system. Each of the conductors is (A) 2.0A (B) 2.4A
suspended by an insulator string having two
identical porcelain insulators. The self (C) 2.7A (D) 3.5A
capacitance of the insulator is 5 times, the Q.18 A distribution feeder of 1km length resistance,
shunt capacitance between the link and the but negligible reactance, is fed from both the
ground, as shown in the figure. The voltages ends by 400V, 50Hz balanced source. Both
across the two insulators are
voltage source S1 and S2 are in phase. The
4 | Power System
feeder supplies concentrated loads of unity
power factor as shown in the figure.

S1 S2
~
400V
400m 200m 200m
p
200m
400V
~
50Hz 200A 100A 200A 50Hz

The contributions S1 and S2 in 100A current

supplied at location P respectively, are
(A) 75A and 25A (B) 50A and 50A

(C) 25A and 75A (D) 0A and 100A

Q.19 Consider a HVDC link which uses thyristor
based line -commutated converter as shown in
the figure. For a power flow of 750 MW from
system 1 to system 3, the voltage at the two
ends, and the current are given by: V1 =
500kV, V2 = 485kV and I = 1.5kA. If the
direction of power flow is to be reversed (that
is from system 2 to system 1) without changing
the electrical connections, then which one of
the following combination is feasible?

System 1 System 2
I
+ +
V1 V2
 

(A) V1 = -500kV, V2 = -485kV and I = 1.5kA b)

(B) V1 = -485kV, V2 = -500kV and I = 1.5kA

(C) V1  500kV, V2 = 485kV and I = - 1.5kA

(D) V1  -500kV,V2 =-485kVand I= -1.5kA

 UG CABLEI, INSULATOR, CORONA, HVDC | 5

Answer Key : UG CABLEI, INSULATOR CORONA, HVDC

V1 = 15.26
KV
V2 = 16.79
1 (D) 2 (C) 3 (C) 4 KV 5 (C)
V3 = 20 KV
Efficiency =
86.7%
A = 35.85
Mπ
A = 7.05
B=
6 86.76% 7 (C) 8 9 KV 10 (D)
280.91PF
B = 0.367C
C = 7.33
KV/CM

11 (A) 12 (B) 13 (C) 14 (D) 15 (C)

16 (B) 17 (A) 18 (D) 19 (B)


 CHAPTER – 04 FAULT ANALYSIS

Q.1 Assertion (A): Zero sequence currents are, Q.4 The three sequence voltage at the point of
by definition, in phase with each other in fault in a power system are found to be
the three winding of any three-phase equal. The nature of the fault is
apparatus.
(A) L-G (B) L-L-L
Assertion (R): They may be caused by
(C) L-L (D) L-L-G
magnetic saturation in the transformer
Q.5 Symmetrical components are used in power
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the
system for the analysis of
correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the (A) Balanced 3-phase fault
correct explanation of A
(B) Unbalanced 3-phase fault
(C) A is true but R is false
(C) Normal power system under steady
(D) A is false but r is true condition
Q.2 A balanced 3-phase load is supplied from a (D) Stability of system under disturbance
3-phase supply. The contact in line C of the
triple-pole switch contactor fails to connect Q.6 The positive, Negative and zero sequence
when switched on. If the line-current in per unit impedance of two generators
lines a and b record 25 A each, than the connected in parallel are X1=0.12p.u.
positive-sequence component of the current X2=0.096p.u and X0=0.036p.u. For a L-G
is fault at generator terminal (with 1 pu
voltage) the positive sequence current will
be
a Balanced
3  phase
(A) 7.936 p.u. (B) 11.936 p.u.
b
load
(C) 10.936 p.u. (D) 8.936 p.u.
c
Q.7An unloaded generator with a pre-fault
(A) 14.4  + 30 A
0
(B) 25.0  -30 A
0
voltage 1pu has the following sequence
impedance:
(C) 14.4  -300A (D) 25.0  +300A
Z0=jo.15 pu, Z1=Z2=jo.25 pu
Q.3 A 3-phase, 100 MVA, 11kV generator has
the following p.u. constant. The generator The neutral is grounded with a reactance of
neutral is solidly grounded, X1=X2=3X0= 0.05 pu. The fault current in pu for single-
0.15  . The ratio of the fault current due line to ground fault is
to three-phase dead-short-circuit to that due
(A) 3.75 pu (B) 4.28 pu
to L-G fault would be nearly
(C) 6 pu (D) 7.25 pu
(A) 0.33 (B) 0.56
(C) 0.78 (D) 1.0
Q.8 Fault calculations using computer program
are usually done by
2 | Power system
(A) Ybus method (B) Zbus method (A) Negative sequence currents are present
(C) Both of the above (D) None of these (B) Zero sequence currents are present
Q.9 The current of a single phase load drawn (C) Zero sequence current are absent
from a 3-phase system has
(D) Positive sequence current are present
(A) Zero sequence component of current as
zero Codes:

(B) Negative sequence component of A B C D

current more than positive sequence (A) 3 1 2 4
component
(B) 4 1 2 3
(C) Positive, negative and zero sequence
component equal (C) 3 2 1 4

(D) Negative sequence component of (D) 4 2 1 3

current less than positive sequence Q.12 A 10 kVA, 400V/200V single-phase
component transformer with 10% impedance, draws a
Q.10 The line current of a 3-phase power steady short circuit current of
supply are : (A) 50 A (B) 150 A
IR= 3+j5 A (C) 250 A (D) 350 A
IY= 2+j2 A Q.13 Three individual 3-phase 400 kV power
IB= -2-j1 A system, each one of which consist of a
generator transformer and a radial line
The zero sequence current will be having 3-  symmetrical fault level of 20
(A) 1+j2 A (B) 5+j7 A GVA for fault at the remove end of lines,
are now reinforced by interconnecting the
(C) 1+j4 A (D) -2-j1 A
remote end line by three lines each of
Q.11 Match List-I with List-II and select the reactance j12  so that the fault level at
correct answer using the code given below each remove end of the radial line on
the lists: ignoring resistance become

List-I (A) 10 GVA (B) (20/3) GVA

(A) All types of faults (C) 24 GVA (D) 20 GVA

(B) All unsymmetrical fault Q.14 Assertion (A): the „short-circuit capacity‟
of a bus in large power grid is defined as the
(C) Fault involving ground with neutral of product of the pre-fault voltage and the 3-
system grounded phase fault current at a point very close to
(D) Fault involving ground with floating the bus
neutral
List-II
 Fault Analysis | 3
Assertion (R) : The larger short-circuit 0.2, and station S2 has two generator of p.u.
capacity, the larger would be the equivalent reactance 0.4 each
source impedance at the bus
S1 S2
(D) Both A and R are true and R is the
correct explanation of A
~ ~~
(E) Both A and R are true but R is not the 0.4 0.4
0.2
correct explanation of A
(F) A is true but R is false
(G) A is false but r is true
0.2 F 0.2
Q.15 Match List-I ( Symbol for 3-phase
transformer connection) with List-Ii ( Zero- For a 3-phase symmetrical short circuit at
sequence equivalent circuits) and select the the middle of the transmission line ( point
correct answer using the code given below F), what is the change in the value of
the list equivalent reactance with one of the
generator of S2 removed?
List-I List-II
(A) 10% (B) 20%
A A ZO B (C) 30% (D) 40%
A B
R e f . B us
Q.17 How many relays are used to detect inter
phase fault of a three-line system?
(A) One (B) Two
B A ZO B (C) Three (D) Six
A B
R e f . B us
Q.18 For the system shown in the diagram
given below, what is a line-to-ground fault
on the line side of the transformer
ZO
equivalent to?
C A B
A B
R e f . B us
~ F

A B C
(A) 2 1 3 (A) A line-to-ground fault on the generator
side of the transformer
(B) 1 2 3
(B) A line-to-line fault on the generator
(C) 3 2 1 side of the transformer
Q.16 Two power station S1 and S2 are (C) A double line-to-ground fault on the
interconnected through a transmission line generator side of the transformer
of per unit (p.u.) reactance of 0.4 . Station
S1 has one generator of p.u. reactance of
4 | Power system
(D) A 3-phase fault on the generator side of 3. The positive and negative sequence
the transformer networks are not affected by method of
natural grounding.
Q.19 A fault occurring at the terminal of an
unloaded synchronous generator operating Which of the statement are correct?
at its rated voltage has resulted in the
(A) 2 and 3 (B) 1 and 2
following values of current and voltages:
(C) 1 and 3 (D) 1, 2 and 3
Ia0=j2.37p.u.
2
j
Ia1= -j3.05p.u Q.22 If  = e 3 , and I=AIs where I is equal to
Ia2= j0.68p.u. phase current vector, and Is is equal to
symmetrical current vector then which one
Va0=Va1=Va2= 0.237p.u of the following matrices is the
symmetrical components transformation
Which one of the following fault has
occurred? matrix A?

(A) L-L fault (B) L-G fault 1 1 1  1   2 

 
(C) L-L-G fault (D) L-L-L fault (A) 1   2 
 (B) 1 1 1 
1  2   1  2  
Q.20 A zero-sequence network of a 3-phase    
transformer is given below. Z0 is the zer0-
sequence impedance of the transformer. 1 1 1  1  2  
  
What is the type of transformer (C) 1  2
  (D) 1   2 
connections? 1   2  1 1  
   
Z0
Q.23 The zero sequence current of a generator
Pr imary Secondary
for line to ground fault is j2.4p.u. Then the
Reference bus
current through the neutral during the fault
is
(A) (B)
(A) j 2.4p.u. (B) j 0.8p.u.
(C) (D)
(C) j 7.2p.u. (D) j 0.24p.u.

Q.21Consider the following statement Q.24 Four identical 100 MVA, 33kV generators
regarding the fault analysis: are operating in parallel, as shown below,
in two bus-bar sections, interconnected
1. The neutral grounding impedance Zn
through a current limiting reactor of X p.u.
appears as 3Zn in zero sequence equivalent
reactance on the generator-base reactance
circuit
of 0.2p.u
2. for faults on transmission lines, 3-phase
fault is the least severe amongst other
faults.
 Fault Analysis | 5
100 MVA, 33kV Q.26 Assertion (A): When a line-to-line (L-L)
~~ 33kV
X p.u.
~~ X ' d  20%
faults takes place at the terminal of an
open-circuited generator, phase voltages
33kV
CB X are sometimes „interminate‟, through line-
F(a b c) Lo a d
to-line voltages are always determinable.
L oa d

Reason (R) : During a line-to-line fault,

The value of the reactor x to limit a zero sequence voltage is always
symmetrical short-circuit (a-b-c). Than the indeterminate
circuit breaker to 1500 MVA is
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the
(A) 0.05p.u. (B) 0.10p.u. correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the
(C) 0.15p.u. (D) 0.20p.u. correct explanation of A
Q.25 The below circuit shows a 3-phase system (C) A is true but R is false
having a balanced self-inductive reactance (D) A is false but R is true
of XL per phase a mutual reactance of XM
between pairs of phases. The line current Q.27 A 3-phase transformer having zero-
are Ia, Ib and Ic and they may be sequence impedance Z0 has zero-sequence
unbalanced. network as represented in the figure below.
The connections of its windings are
Ia XL
a Z0
P S
XL XM XM
Ib b

XM
Ic c XL
(A) Star with isolated neutral-delta
(B) Star with grounded neutral-delta
The series voltage-drop relation would be
(C) Delta-star with grounded neutral
Vaa‟= Ia XL + Ib XM + Ic XM
(D) Delta-delta
Vbb= Ia Xm + Ib XL + IC XM Q.28 The below diagram the layout of a power
station having two generators A and B ,
Vcc‟= Ia XM + Ib Xm + Ic XM
connected to the 11 kV buses which are
The positive, negative and zero-sequence also fed through two transformers C and D
reactance X1, X2 and X0 , respectively, from a 132 kV grid. The 11 kV buses are
would be interconnected through a reactor R.

(A) (XL-Xm), (XL-Xm) and (XL+ 2Xm)

(B) (XL+Xm), (XL-2Xm) and (XL+2Xm)
(C) (XL-2Xm), (XL+Xm) and (XL-Xm)
(D) (XL+2Xm),(XL+ 2Xm) and (XL+XM)
6 | Power system

~ Grid ( Source reactance

negligible)
(D) Double line to ground fault

132kV Q.31 Three generators rated 100 MVA, 11kV

A D B have an impedance of 0.15p.u. each. If in
0.2 pu
11kV
~ C
0.2pu 0.2 pu ~ 0.2 pu

11kV
the same plant, these generators are being
replaced by a single equivalent generator,
R
Fault the effective impedance of equivalent
0.1pu
generator will be
Feeder Feeder
(A) 0.05p.u. (B) 0.15p.u.
The reactance of A,B, C,D and R in p.u. on
a common MVA-and kV-base. All the (C) 0.25p.u. (D) 0.45p.u.
generated voltages in A,B and grid are each
Q.32 The load current in short circuit
1.0p.u. and assumed as in phase at the time calculation are neglected because
of fault.
1. Short-circuit current are much larger
The steady state symmetrical fault-current then the load currents
for a 3-phase fault on the 11 kV feeders is
2. Short-circuit current are greatly out of
(A) 10 pu (B) 15 pu phase with load currents.
(C) 20 pu (D) 25 pu
Which of these statements is/are correct?
Q.29 a 3-phase transformer having zero- (A) Neither 1 nor 2 (B) 2 alone
sequence impedance of Z0 has the zero-
sequence network as shown in the figure (C) 1 alone (D) 1 and 2
below. The connections of its windings are
Q.33 Two identical unloaded generators are
Re fernce bus connected in parallel as shown in figure.
Both the generator are having positive,
negative and zero sequence impedance of
Z0
j0.4 p.u., j0.3 p.u. and j0.15p.u.
Primary Secondary
respectively. If the pre-fault voltage is
(A) Star-star 1p.u. for a line-to-ground (L-G) fault at the
terminal at the generators, the fault current,
(B) Delta-delta in p.u. is__________
(C) Star-delta
(D) Delta-star with neutral grounded ~
Q.30 If all the sequence voltage at the fault
point in a power system are equal, then the
~
fault is a Q.34 A 50 MVA, 10kV, 50Hz, star-connected,
(A) three-phase fault unloaded three-phase alternator has a
synchronous reactance of 1p.u. and a sub-
(B) Line to ground fault transient reactance of 0.2p.u.. If a 3-phase
(C) Line to line fault short circuit occurs close to the generator
 Fault Analysis | 7
terminals, the ratio of initial and final Q.38 A three phase, 100MVA , 25kV generator
values of the sinusoidal component of the has solidly grounded neutral. The positive,
short circuit current is _____ negative and zero sequence reactance of
the generator are 0.2pu, 0.2pu and 0.05pu,
Q.35 The magnitude of three-phase fault
respectively, at the machine base
current at buses A and B of a power system
quantities. If a bolted single phase to
are 10pu and 8 pu, respectively. Neglect all
ground fault occurs at the terminals of the
resistance in the system and consider the
unloaded generator, the fault current in
pre-fault system to be unloaded. The pre-
amperes immediately after the fault is
fault voltage at all buses in the system is
_____
1.0pu. The voltage magnitude at bus B
during a three-phase fault at bus A is 0.8pu. Q.39 In an unbalanced three phase system,
The voltage magnitude at bus. A during a phase current Ia=1  (-900) pu, negative
three-phase fault at bus B, in pu, is ____ sequence current Ib2=4  (-1500)pu , zero
sequence current IC0=3  900pu. The
Q.36 A sustained 3-phase fault occurs in the
magnitude of phase current Ib in pu is
power-system shown in figure. The current
and voltage phasors during the fault 9 on a (A) 1.00 (B) 7.81
common reference), after the natural
(C) 11.53 (D) 13.00
transient have died down are also shown.
Where is the fault located?
I1 I3
V1 Q S V2 Q.40 A 2-bus system and corresponding zero
~ ~ sequence network are in the figure.
R P
I2 I4
(option)
V2
V1
Bus1
T1 T 2 Bus 2
I3
I2
I4
I1
X Gn ~ ~ X MN

(A) Location P (B) Location Q

X 0G X 0T1 X 0L X 0T 2 X 0M
(C) Location R (D) Location S
Q.37 For a fully transposed transmission line
3 X Gn 3X Mn
(A) Positive, negative and zero sequence
impedance are equal
The two transformers T1 and T2 are
(B) positive and negative sequence connected as,
impedance are equal
(C) Zero and positive sequence impedance
(A) and 
are equal (B) and 
(D) Negative and zero sequence impedance
are equal (C)
 and 
8 | Power system
(D)  and Q.43 For the above system, the positive
sequence diagram with the p.u. values of
Q.41 Three-phase to ground fault takes place at the 100MVA common base is
location F1 and F2 in the system shown in
the figure
J1.0 J 1.0
(A) j 0.10 1 2 3 J 0.10

E Ad
F1
I F1
A
IF 2
F2 B
EBd
~ ~
VF 1 VF 2

If the fault takes place at location F1, J 1.0 J1.0

( B) j0.25 1 2 3 J 0.10
then the voltage and the current at bus A
are VF1 and IFI Respectively. If the fault
takes place at location F2, than the voltage
~ ~
and the Current at bus A are VF2 and IF2
respectively. The correct statement about J 1.0 J 1.0
(C ) j 0.10 1 2 3 J 0.10
voltage and currents during faults as F1 and
F2 is ~ ~
(A) VF1 leads IF1 and VF2 leads IF2
(B) VF1 leads IF1 and VF2 lags IF2 J 1.0 J 1.0
j0.25 1 2 3 J 0.10
( D)
(C) VF1 lags IF1 and VF2 leads IF2
(D) VF1 lags IF1 and VF2 lags IF2
~ ~
Q.42 The p.u reactance on 100 MVA, 11 kV is Q.44 In the above system, the three-phase fault
j0.2 pu. The new per unit reactance on 800 MVA at the bus 3 is
MVA, 22kV is ______ (A) 82.55 MVA (B) 85.11 MVA
Statement For Linked Answer (C) 170.91 MVA (D) 181.82 MVA
Question 43 and 44 :
Two generator unit G1 and G2 are Q.45 For the power system in the figure below.
connected by 15kV line with a bus at the The specifications of the components are
mid-point as shown below. the following:
1 0.225 / km 2 3 G1: 25kV, 100MVA, X=9%
L1 L2
~ 10km 10km ~ G2: 25kV, 100MVA, X=9%
G1 G2
15kV 15kV T1: 25kV/220kV, 90MVA, X=12%
G1=250MVA, 15kV, positive sequence T2:220kV/25kV, 90MVA, X=12%
reactance X=25% on its own base
Line1:220kV, X=150 ohms
G2= 100MVA, 15kV, positive sequence
reactance X=0.225  /km
 Fault Analysis | 9
The positive sequence impedance are Zs1=
T1 T2 Zs2= 0.001+ j 0.01 and ZL=0.006+j 0.06 pu
Line1
3-phase base MVA=100
G1 ~ Bus1 Bus 2 ~ G2

Choose 25kV as the base voltage at the Voltage base= 400kV (Line to Line)
generator G1 and 200MVA as the base. (Nominal system frequency=50Hz
The impedance diagram is
The reference voltage for phase „a‟ is
defined as v(t)= Vmcos(  t)
j 0.27 j0.42 j 0.27
Asymmetrical three phase fault occurs at
centre of the line.i.e. point „F‟ at time t0.
j0.18 j0.18 The positive sequence impedance from
(A)
source S1 to point „F‟ equal 0.004+ j0.04
G1 ~ ~ G2
pu. The wave from correspond phase „a‟
fault current from bus X revels that
j0.27 j 0.62 j0.27
decaying dc offset current is negative and
in magnitude at its maximum initial value.
j0.18 j 0.18 Assume that the negative sequence
( B)
impedances are equal to positive sequence
G1 ~ ~ G2 impedances, and the zero sequence
impedances are three time positive
j 0.3 j 0.42 j0.3 sequence impedances
Q.46 The instant (t0) of the fault will be
j 0.21 j0.21
(C )
(A) 4.682 ms (B) 9.667 ms
G1 ~ ~ G2
(C) 14.667 ms (D) 19.667 ms

j 0.27 j 0.42 j 0.27 Q.47 The RMS value of the ac component of

fault current (IX) will be

(D ) j0.21 j 0.21 (A) 3.59 kA (B) 5.07 kA

G1 ~ ~ G2 (C) 7.18 kA (D) 10.15 kA

Q.48 Instead of three phase fault, if single line
Common Data For Question 46,47 to ground fault occurs on phase ‟a‟ at Point
and 48: „F‟ with zero fault impedance, than the
Consider a power system shown below: RMS value of the ac component of fault
Vs 1 Z s1 X ZL Y Zs 2 Vs 2 current (IX) for phase „a‟ will be
~ IX
F
IF
~ (A) 4.97 pu (B) 7.0 pu
(C) 14.93 pu (D) 29.85 pu
Given that:
Vs1=Vs2 = 1.0 + jo.o pu;
10 | Power system
Q.49 A 3-phase transmission line is shown in V p  0.5 0 0  I p  Ia 
the figure: V  =  0 0.5 0   I  and=Z  I  then,
 n    n  b
V a Vo   0 0 2.0   I o   I c 
Ia
Vb
 1.0 0.5 0.75
(A)Z= 0.75 1.0 0.5 
Ib  
 0.5 0.75 1.0 
Vc
1.0 0.5 0.5
(B) Z= 0.5 1.0 0.5
Ic  
0.5 0.5 1.0 
Voltage drop across the transmission line is
given by the following equation:  1.0 0.75 0.5 
(C) Z= 3k  0.5 1.0 0.75
2
 
 Va   Zs Zm Zm  Ia  0.75 0.5 1.0 
 V  =  Z m Zs Zm 
 I 
 b  b
 Vc  Z Z s   I c   1.0 0.5 0.5
 m Zm
k2 
(D) Z=
 0.5 1.0 0.5
Shunt capacitance of the line can be 3
neglected. If the line has positive sequence  0.5 0.5 1.0 
impedance of 15  and zero sequence Q.51 A three phase balancer star connected
impedance of 48  , then the value of Zs,
voltage source with frequency to  rad/s is
and Zm will be
connected to a star connected balanced
(A) Zs=31.5  ; Zm=16.5  load which is purely inductive. The
(B) Zs=16  ; Zm=11  instantaneous line current and phase to
(C) Zs16.5  ; Zm=31.5  neutral voltages are denoted by (Ia,Ib,Ic)
(D) Zs=11  ; Zm=26  and (Van,Vbn,Vcn) respectively, and their
RMS value are denoted by V and I.
Q.50 Suppose we define a sequence
If R=
transformation between”a-b-c” and “p-n-o”
variable as follows:  1 1 
 0  
 3 3 I
 Fa  1 1 1  Fp  2
 a
 F  =k  2  1  F  where  = e j 3  1 1    then
Van Vbn Vcn    0 Ib
 b    n  3 3   
 Fc     2 1  Fo   I c 
 1 1 
 3  0 
and k is constant  3 
Now, if it is given that: the magnitude of R is
(A) 3VI (B) VI
(C) 0.7VI (D) 0

Q.52 A generator is connected through a 20
MVA 13.8/138 kV step-up transformer to a
transmission line. At the receiving end of
the line a load is supplied through a step
down transformer of 10MVA, 138/69kV
rating. A 0.72 pu load, evaluated on load
side transformer rating as base values, is
supplied from the above system. For
system base value of 10MVA and 69 kV in
load circuit, the value of the load (in per
unit) in generator circuit will be
(A) 3.6 (B) 1.44
(C) 0.72 (D) 0.18
Q.53 The identical star connected resistors of
1.0 pu are connected to an balanced 3-
phase supply. The load neutral is isolated.
The symmetrical components of the line
voltage n pu are: Vab1= X 1 , Vab2= Y
 2 . If all the pu calculation are with the
respective base values, the phase to neutral
sequence voltages are
(A) Van1=X  1  300  , Van2=
  2  300 
Van1=X  1  300  ,
(B) Van2=
  2  300 
Fault Analysis | 11
Self-reactance Xs=0.4  /km and Mutual
reactance Xm= 0.4  /km
The positive sequence reactance X1 and
zero sequence reactance X0 , respectively
in  /km are
(A) O.3, 0.2 (B) 0.5, 0.2
(C) 0.5, 0.6 (D) 0.3, 0.6
Q.55 The pu parameters for a 500 MVA
machine on its own base are:
Inertia M=20p.u. reactance X=2p.u.
The pu value on inertia and reactance on
100 MVA common base, respectively, are
(A) 4,0.4 (B) 100,10
(C) 4,10 (D) 100,0.4
Q.56 A 500 MVA Hz, 3-phase turbo-generator
produces power at 22kV. Generator is Y-
connected and its neutral is solidly
grounded. Their sequence reactance are
X1=X2=0.15 and X0=0.05p.u. It is
Y operating at rated voltage and disconnected
from the rest of the system (no load). The
magnitude of the sub-transient line current
for single line ground fault at the generator
Y
terminals in p.u. will be
(A) 2.851 (B) 3.333

X  1  300 
1 (C) 6.667 (D) 8.553
(C) Van1= ,Van2=
3 Q.57 A 3-phase transmission line supplies  -
Y   2  300 
1 connected load Z. The conductor „c‟ of the
3 line develops an open circuit fault as
shown in figure. The current in the lines
X  1  600  , Van2=
1 are as shown on the diagram. The positive
(D) Van1=
3 sequence current component in line „a‟ will
Y   2  600 
1 be
3
Q.54 The parameters of a transposed overhead
transmission line are given as:
12 | Power system

a
Ia  10 0 0 A (A) 1.31.  -1070 (B) 0.332  -1200A
(C) 0.996  -1200A (D) 3.510  -810A
Z Z Q.60 A 20-MVA, 6.6kV, 3-phase alternator is
I b  10 180 A
0 connected to a 3-phase transmission on
b Ic  0 Z line. The per unit positive sequence,
c
negative sequence and zero sequence
(A) 5.78 300 (B) 5.78 900 impedance of the alternator are j0.1, and
j0.04 respectively. The neutral of the
(C) 6.33 900 (D) 10.00 300 alternator is connected to ground through
an inductive reactor of j0.05 p.u. The per
Q.58 A 3-phase generator rated at 110MVA, unit positive, negative and zero sequence
11kV is connected through circuit breakers impedances of the transmission line are
to a transformer. The generator is having j0.1 and j0.3 respectively. All per unit
direct axis sub-transient reactance Xd”= value are based on the machine rating. A
19% transient reactance 26%, Xd‟=26% and solid ground fault occurs at one phase of
synchronous reactance=130%. The the far end of the transmission line. The
generator is operating at no load and rated voltage of the alternator neutral with
voltage when a three phase short circuit respect to ground during the fault is
fault occurs between the breakers and the
transformer. The magnitude of initial (A) 513.8V (B) 889.9V
symmetrical rims current in the breakers (C) 1112.0V (D) 642.2V
will be
(A) 4.44 kA (B) 22.20 kA
Q.61 A generator is connected to a transformer
(C) 30.39 kA (D) 38.45 kA which feed another transformer through a
short feeder. The zero sequence impedance
value are expressed in pu on a common
Q.59 A three-phase alternator generating base and are indicated in figure. The
unbalanced voltage is connected to an Thevenin‟s equivalent zero sequence
unbalanced load through a 3-phase impedance at point B is
transmission line as shown in figure, the
X0  0.03 X 0  0.1 X 0  0.05 X 0  0.07
neutral of the alternator and the star point
of the load are solidly grounded. The phase
voltage of the alternator are Ea=10  00,
~ B

0.25
Eb=10  -900V, Ec=10  1200V. The 0.25

positive sequence component of the load

current is (A) 0.8+j0.6 (B) 0.75+j0.22

j1.0 j1.0 (C) 0.75+j0.25 (D) 1.5+j0.25

Ea

j1.0 j 2.0 Q.62 A 50Hz alternator is rated 500MVA,

Eb
20kV, with Xd=1.0 per unit and X”d=0.2
j1.0 j3.0
Ec per unit. It supplied a purely resistive load
of 400MW at 20kV. The load is connected
 Fault Analysis | 13
directly across the generator terminal when an element is x. What will be the per unit
a symmetrical fault occurs at the load impedance value of this element when the
terminals. The initial RMS current in the voltage and volt ampere bases are both
generator in per unit is doubled?
(A) 7.22 (B) 6.4 (A) 0.5x (B) 2x
(C) 3.22 (D) 2.2 (C) 4x (D) x
Q.63 A 75 MVA, 10kV, synchronous generator Q.67 Determine the magnitude of the
has Xd=0.4 p.u. The Xd value (in p.u.) on a symmetrical components (IaQ1, Ia1, Ia) of
base of 100MVA, 11KV is: the current in a three phase (RYB) three
wire system, when a short circuit occurs
(A) 0.578 (B) 0.278
between R and Y phase wires, the fault
(C) 0.412 (D) 0.44 current being 100A.

Q.64 For the configuration shown in fig. 14, the Q.68 For the network shown in fig, the zero
breaker connecting a large system to bus 2 sequence reactance in p.u. are indicated.
is initially open. The system 3-phase fault The zero sequence driving point reactance
level at bus-3 under this condition is not of the node 3 is:
known. After closing the system breaker,
1 2 3
the 3-phase fault level at bus 1 was found
to be 0.5p.u. What will be new 3-phase  
X 10  0.05
fault level at system bus 3 after the X 90  0.2
X 90  0.1
interconnection? All unit value are on
X 10  0.15
common bases. Per fault load current are
neglected and pre fault voltages are (A) 0.12 (B) 0.30
assumed to be 1.0 p.u. at all buses.
(C) 0.10 (D) 0.20
j0.2 4 j0.2 1 2 3
E = 1p.u j0.3 Q.69 The system shown in figure feeds two
~
Gen
~
System
loads-
(A) a factory load of 15 MVA consisting
Q.65 the severity of line-to-ground and three of induction motor and
phase fault at the terminals of an unloaded
synchronous generator is to be same. If the (B) A domestic load of 10 MW at 0.8p.f.
terminal voltage is 1.0 p.u. and Z1=Z2= lagging at 6kV. If the induction motor are
j0.1p.u., Z0=j0.05p.u. for the alternator, rated at 6 kV and take 5 times rated current
then the required inductive reactance for at zero p.f. at starting, calculate the dip in
neutral grounding is: voltage at domestic load bus bar when all
the induction motors are started at the same
(A) 0.0166p.u. (B) 0.05p.u. time.
(C) 0.1p.u. (D) 0.15p.u.
Q.66 For given base voltage and base volt-
amperes, the per unit impedance value of
14 | Power system
C j 0.05B6kV level on bus 1 is to be restricted to
15MVA
j 0.0 4
j 0.1 j0.15 j0.06 IM L oad 1500MVA. Calculate, on 100MVA base.
~ A
10MW 100 MVA 200MVA
11kV 132kV 33kV
11kV j 0.05 6kV
0.8 pf Lag
~ 10% ~ 8%

Q.70 The synchronous reactance of a 200

MVA, 10 kV, 3-phase, 50Hz generator is
1.0p.u. own base. Its p.u. reactance at 100
MVA, 20 kV base will be……….. A
X
B

Q.71 For a fault at the terminal of a Bus  1 Bus  2

synchronous generator, the fault current is C
maximum for a
15% on 100MVA Base
(A) 3-phase fault
(B) 3-phase to ground fault Load

(C) line-to-ground fault (A) The reactance of bus bar reactor X

(D) line-to-line fault (B) Fault level of bus 2
(C) MVA rating of circuit breaker C
Q.72 If the fault current is 2000A, the relay
setting is 50% and CT ratio is 400.5, the
plug setting multiplier will be
(A) 25 (B) 15
(C) 50 (D) 10
Q.73 A three-phase star-connected alternator is
rated 30MVA, 13.8kV and has the
following sequence reactance values:
X1= 0.25p.u.; X2= 0.34p.u.; X0=0.10p.u.
The neutral of the alternator is solidly
grounded. Determine the alternator line
current when a double line-to-ground fault
occurs on its terminals. Assume that the
alternator is unloaded and is operating at
rated voltage when the fault occurs
Q.74 A 100MVa generator with 10% reactance
and a 200MVA generator with 8%
reactance (reactance on their own basses)
are connected as shown in figure. The fault
 Fault Analysis | 15

Answer Key : Fault Analysis

1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (B) 4 (B) 5 (B)
6 (A) 7 (A) 8 (A) 9 (C) 10 (A)

11 (B) 12 (B) 13 (C) 14 (C) 15 (A)

16 (B) 17 (C) 18 (B) 19 (C) 20 (B)

21 (C) 22 (C) 23 (C) 24 (C) 25 (A)
26 (C) 27 (B) 28 (B) 29 (B) 30 (D)
31 (A) 32 (D) 33 6 34 5 35 0.84
36 (B) 37 (B) 38 15396.7 39 (C) 40 (C)
41 (C) 42 0.4 43 (A) 44 (A) 45 (C)
46 (C) 47 (A) 48 (A) 49 (B) 50 (B)
51 (D) 52 (A) 53 (C) 54 (D) 55 (D)
56 (D) 57 (A) 58 (C) 59 (D) 60 (D)
61 (B) 62 (B) 63 (D) 64 11.27 65 (A)
66 (A) 67 100 3 68 (C) 69 23.64% 70 0.125pu
A = 0.16 PU
B = 2884.60
71 (C) 72 (D) 73 3.828 KA 74 MVA
C = 461.53
MVA


 CHAPTER – 05 POWER SYSTEM STABILITY

Q.1 Two 50Hz generating units operate in
parallel within the same power plant and
have the following ratings:
Unit 1: 500 MVA, 0.85 power factor,
20 kV, 3000rpm, H1=5 MJ/MVA
Unit 2: 200 MVA, 0.9 power factor, 20
kV, 1500 rpm, H2=5 MJ/MVA.
The equivalent inertia constant H in
MJ/MVA on 100 MVA base is
(A) 2.5 (B) 5.0
(C) 10.0 (D) 35.0
Q.2 If a 500 MVA, 11kV three-phase
generator at 50 Hz feeds, through a
transfer impedance of (0.0  j 0.605)
per phase, an infinite bus also at 11 kV;
then the maximum steady state power
transfer on the base of 500 MVA and 11
kV is
(A) 1.0 pu (B) 0.8 pu
(C) 0.5 pu (D) 0.4 pu
Q.3 For 800 MJ stored energy in the rotor at
synchronous speed, what is the inertia
constant H for a 50 Hz, four pole turbo-
generator rated 100 MVA, 11 kV?
(A) 2.0 MJ/MVA (B) 4.0 MJ/MVA
(C) 6.0 MJ/MVA (D) 8.0 MJ/MVA
Q.4 The steady state stability limits for
round rotor and salient pole 3-phase
synchronous generator are attained at
the values of power angle 
(A) = π/2and = π/2, respectively
(B) < π/2and < π/2, respectively
(C) < π/2and = π/2, respectively
(D) = π/2and < π/2, respectively
Q.5 An alternator having an induced e.m.f.
of 1.6 p.u. is connected to an infinite bus
of 1.0 p.u. If the bus bar has reactance of
0.2 p.u., what is the maximum power
that can be transferred?
(A) 2 p.u. (B) 2.67 p.u.
(C) 5 p.u. (D) 6 p.u.
Q.6 If the inertia constant H=8 MJ/MVA for
a 50 MVA generator, the stored energy
is
(A) 50 MJ (B) 8 MJ
(C) 400 MJ (D) 6.25 MJ
Q.7 For a fault in a power system, the term
critical clearing time is related to
(A) Reactive power limit
(B) Transient stability limit
(C) Short circuit current limit
(D) Steady state stability limit
Q.8 A 50 MVA, 11 kV, 3-phase generator
has a stored energy of 400 MJ. Its inertia
constant is
(A) 4 (B) 8
(C) 2 (D) 16
Q.9 The steady state stability limit of a
synchronous machine connected to
infinite bus is 2.2 p.u. Infinite bus
voltage is 1.1 p.u. The transfer reactance
between generator and infinite bus is
(A) j0.5 (B) –j0.5
(C) j1.0 (D) –j1.0
Q.10 Two identical synchronous machines
having same inertia constant are
connected in parallel and swinging
together. The effective inertia constant
is 4 MJ/MVA. Then each machine has
an inertia constant of
(A) 2 MJ/MVA (B) 4 MJ/MVA
(C) 8 MJ/MVA (D) 16 MJ/MVA
Q.11 Transient state stability is generally
improved by
(A) Using high speed governors on
machines
(B) Using low inertia machines
(C) Dispensing with neutral grounding
(D) Any of the above
2 | Power System
Q.12 A 2-pole, 50 Hz, 11 kV, 100 MW the system are also shown in the figure.
alternator has a moment of inertia of The infinite bus voltage magnitude is
10,000 kg.m2. The value of inertia 1.0p.u. A three phase fault occurs at the
constant, H is middle of line 2. The ratio of the
(A) 3.9s (B) 4.3s maximum real power that can be
transferred during the pre-fault
(C) 4.6s (D) 4.9s condition to the maximum real power
Q.13 Equal-area criterion is employed to that can be transferred under the faulted
determine: condition is __________.
(A) The steady-state stability Generator insternalbus
j0.1
Infinite bus

j0.5
(B) The transient stability Line 1
j0.2
(C) The reactive power limit ~
j0.5
(D) The rating of a circuit breaker Line 2
j0.1
Q.14 Statement (I) : Equal-area criterion can
be used to determine the stability of Q.17 The synchronous generator shown in the
single machine infinite bus system. figure is supplying active power to an
Statement (II) : AN infinite bus system infinite bus via two short, lossless
has infinite inertia and constant voltage. transmission lines, and is initially in
steady state. The mechanical power
Codes: input to the generator and the voltage
(A) Both Statement (I) and Statement magnitude E are constant. If one line is
(II) are individually true and tripped at time t1 by opening the circuit
Statement (II) is the correct breakers at the two ends (although there
explanation of statement (I). is no fault), then it is seen that the
(B) Both Statement (I) and Statement generator undergoes a stable transient.
(II) are individually true but Which one of the following waveforms
Statement (II) is not the correct of the rotor angle  shows the transient
explanation of statement (I). correctly ?
(C) Statement (I) is true but Statement
(II) is false.
Line 1
(D) Statement (I) is false but Statement Infinite Bus
Xs
(II) is true. ~
Eδ 10
Q.15 A 40 MVA, 11 kV, 3-phase, 50 Hz, 4- Line 2
pole turbo-alternator has an inertia
constant of 15 sec. An input of 20 MW (a)
δ
(b)
δ

of output power (Neglecting losses).

Then the acceleration is
δ= 0 δ=0
(A) 600 /s 2 (B) 650 /s2 t1 time t1 time

(c) δ (d) δ

(C) 700 /s 2 (D) 750 /s2 δ= 0

t1 time δ= 0
t1 time

Q.16 The single line diagram of a balanced

power is shown in the figure, the voltage
magnitude at the generator internal bus Q.18 A 50 Hz generating unit has H-constant
is constant and 1.0pu reactance. The p.u. of 2 MJ/MVA. The machine is initially
reactance’s of different components in operating in steady state at synchronous

speed, and producing 1 pu of real power.
The initial value of the rotor angle  is
50 , when a bolted there phase to ground
short circuit fault occurs terminal of the
generator. Assuming the input
mechanical power to remain at 1 pu, the
value of  in degrees, 0.02 second after
the fault is ______.
Q.19 The figure shows the single line diagram
of the single machine infinite bus
system
The inertia constant of the synchronous
generator H=5MW-s?/MVA. Frequency
is 50Hz. Mechanical power is 1pu. The
system is operating at the stable
equilibrium point with rotor angle 
equal to 300 . A three phase short circuit
fault occurs at a certain location on one
of the circuit of the double circuit
transmission line. During fault,
electrical power in pu is Pmax sin  . If
the values of  and d  / dt at the instant
of fault clearing are 450 and 3.762
radian/s respectively, then Pmax (in pu) is
______.
Q.20 The angle  in the swing equation of a
synchronous generator is the
(A) Angle between stator voltage and
current.
(B) Angular displacement of the rotor
with respect to the stator
(C) Angular displacement of the stator
mmf with respect to a synchronously
rotating axis
(D) Angular displacement of an axis
fixed to the rotor with respect to a
synchronously rotating axis.
Q.21 A cylindrical rotor generator delivers
0.5pu power in the steady state to an
infinite bus through a transmission line
Power System Stability | 3
of reactance 0.5pu. The generator no-
load voltage is 1.5pu and the infinite bus
voltage is 1pu. The inertia constant of
the generator is 5 MW-s/MVA and the
generator reactance is 1pu. The critical
clearing angle, in degrees, for a three-
phase dead short circuit fault at the
generator terminal is
(A) 53.5 (B) 60.2
(C) 70.8 (D) 79.6
Q.22 A 500 MW, 21 kV, 50 Hz, 3-phase, 2-
pole synchronous generator having a
rate p.f = 0.9, has a moment of inertia of
27.5 103 kg  m2 . The inertia constant
(H) will be
(A) 2.44 s (B) 2.71 s
(C) 4.88 s (D) 5.42 s
Q.23 Consider a synchronous generator
connected to an infinite bus by two
identical parallel transmission lines. The
transient reactance x ' of the generator is
0.1pu and the mechanical power input to
it is constant at 1.0pu. Due to some
previous disturbance, the rotor angle
( ) is undergoing an un-damped
oscillation, with the maximum value of
 (t ) equal to 1300. One of the parallel
line trips due to relay mal-operation at
an instant when  (t )  1300 , as shown
in the figure. The maximum value of the
per unit line reactance x, such that the
system does not lose synchronism
subsequent to this tripping is
1.00
x
x '  0.1 pu
~
1.0 δ x
δ One line trips
130 0
t
4 | Power System
(A) 0.87 (B) 0.74
(C)0.67 (D) 0.54
Q.24 A generator feeds power to an infinite
bus through a double circuit
transmission line. A 3 phase fault occurs
at the middle point of one of the lines.
The infinite bus voltage is 1 pu, the
transient internal voltage of the
generator is 1.1 pu. & the equivalent
transfer admittance during fault is 0.8
pu. The 100 MVA generator has an
inertia constant of 5 MJ/MVA & it was
delivering 1 pu power prior to the fault
with rotor power angle of 300. The
system frequency is 50 Hz.
The initial accelerating power (in
pu)will be
(A) 1.0 (B) 0.6
(C) 0.56 (D) 0.4
Q.25 If the initial accelerating power is X pu,
the initial acceleration in elect deg/sec2,
and the inertia constant is MJ-sec/select
deg respectively will be
(A) 31.4X, 18 (B) 1800X, 0.056
(C) X/1800, 0.056 (D) X/31.4, 18
Q.26 A generator with constant 1.0p.u.
terminal voltage supplies power through
a step-up transformer of 0.12p.u.
reactance and a double-circuit line to an
infinite bus as shown in Figure. The
infinite bus voltage is maintained at
1.0p.u. Neglecting the resistances and
susceptances of the system, the steady
state stability power limit of the system
is 6.25p.u. If one of the double-circuit is
tripped, the resulting steady state
stability power limit in p.u. will be
(A) 12.5p.u. (B) 3.125p.u.
(C) 10.0p.u. (D) 5.0p.u.
Q.27 A 50 Hz, 4-pole, 500 MVA, 22 kV
turbo-generator is delivering rated
megavolt amperes at 0.8 power factor.
Suddenly a fault occurs reducing is
electric power output by 40%. Neglect
losses and assume constant power input
to the shaft. The accelerating torque in
the generator in MNm at the time of the
fault will be
(A) 1.528 (B) 1.018
(C) 0.848 (D) 0.509
Q.28 A generator deliver power of 1.0 p.u. to
infinite bus through a purely reactive
network. The maximum power that
could be delivered by the generator is
2.0 p.u. A three phase fault occurs at the
terminals of the generator which reduces
the generator output to zero. The fault is
cleared after is found to be  max  110
electrical degree. Then the rotor angle in
electrical degree at t  tc is
(A) 55 (B) 70
(C) 69.14 (D) 72.4
Q.29 A round rotor generator with internal
voltage E1  2.0 p.u. and X = 1.1 p.u is
connected to a round rotor synchronous
motor with internal voltage
E 2  1.3 p.u. and X = 1.2 p.u. The
reactance of the line connecting the
generator to the motor is 0.5 p.u. when
the generator supplies 0.5 p.u. power,
the rotor angle difference between the
machines will be
(A) 7.420 (B) 10
(C) 32.580 (D) 122.580
Q.30 A synchronous generator to be
connected to an infinite bus through
transmission line of reactance X =
0.2pu, as shown in figure, the generator
data is as follows:
x'  0.1pu, E '  1.0pu, H = 5MJ/MVA,
mechanical power Pm  0.0 pu,
B  2  50 rad/sec.
All quantities are expressed on a
common base.

The generator is initially running on
open circuit with the frequency of the
open circuit voltage slightly higher then
that of the infinite bus. If at the instant
of switch closure  0 and
d
  init , compute the maximum
dt
value of init so that the generator pulls
into synchronism.
Hint: Use the equation
 (2H/B )d  Ped  0
Pe 50Hz
x Infinite Bus
x'
1.0 0 0
~ E δ
'
Q.31 A synchronous generator is connected to
an infinite bus through a loss double
circuit transmission line. The generator
delivering 1.0 per unit power at a load
angle of 300 when a sudden fault
reduces the peak power that can be
transmitted to 0.5 per unit. After
clearance of fault, the peak power that
can be transmitted becomes 1.5 per unit.
Find the critical clearing angle.
Q.32 Steady state stability of a power system
is the ability of the power system to
(A) Maintain voltage at the rated voltage
level
(B) Maintain frequency exactly at 50Hz
(C) Maintain a spinning reserve margin
at all times
(D) Maintain synchronism between
machines and on external tie lines
Q.33 An alternator is connected to an infinite
bus as shown in fig, it delivers 1.0p.u.
current at 0.8pf lagging at V = 1.0 p.u.
The reactance Xd of the alternator is
1.2p.u. Determine the active power
output and the steady state power limit.
Keeping the active power fixed, if the
excitation is reduced, find the critical
Power System Stability | 5
excitation corresponding to operation at
stability limit.
~ Xd
E δ V=1.0 00
Q.34 A power station consists of two
synchronous generators A and B of
ratings 250MVA and 500MVA with
inertia 1.6p.u. and 1p.u. respectively on
their own base MVA ratings. The
equivalent p.u. inertia constant for the
system on 100MVA common base is:
(A) 2.6 (B) 0.615
(C) 1.625 (D) 9.0
Q.35 A synchronous motor is receiving 50%
of the power. It is capable of receiving
from an infinite bus. If the load on the
motor is suddenly reduced to 80% of the
previous value, swing of the motor
around its new equilibrium position.
Q.36 The use of high-speed circuit breakers
(A) Reduces the short circuit current
(B) Improves system stability
(C) Decreases system stability
(D) Increases the short circuit current
Q.37 A 100MVA, 11IV, 3-phase, 50Hz, 8-
pole synchronous generator has an
inertia constant H equal to 4 seconds.
The stored energy in the rotor of the
generator at synchronous speed will be
E
H=
G
(A) 100MJ (B) 400MJ
(C) 800MJ (D) 12.5MJ
Q.38 During a disturbance on a synchronous
machine, the rotor swings from A to B
before finally settling down to a steady
state at point C on the power angle
curve. The speed of the machine during
oscillation is synchronous at point(s)
(A) A and B (B) A and C
(C) B and C (D) only at C
6 | Power System
Q.39 A loss-alternator supplies 50 MW to an
infinite bus, the steady state stability
limit being 100MW. Determine if the
alternator will remain stable if the input
to the prime mover of the alternator is
abruptly increased by 40 MW.
Q.40 In a system, there are two generator
operating parallel. One generator, of
rating 250 MVA, has an inertia-constant
of 6 MJ/MVA while the other generator
of 150 MVA has an inertia-constant of 4
MJ/MVA. The inertia-constant for the
combined system on 100 MVA common
base is _________ MJ/MVA.
 Power System Stability | 7

Answer Key : Power system stability

1 (D) 2 (D) 3 (D) 4 (D) 5 (A)
6 (C) 7 (B) 8 (B) 9 (A) 10 (A)

11 (A) 12 (D) 13 (B) 14 (B) 15 (D)

16 2.298 17 (A) 18 5.9 19 0.23 20 (D)

21 (D) 22 (A) 23 (C) 24 (B) 25 (C)
14.47
26 (D) 27 (B) 28 (C) 29 (C) 30
rad/sec
P = 0.8 pu
P max =
31 70.40 32 (D) 33 34 (D) 35 17.320
1.642
E = 0.96 Pu
36 (B) 37 (B) 38 (A) 39 Stable 40 21


 CHAPTER – 06 LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS

Q.1 The YBUS matrix of a 100-bus (D) Lagrange multiplier

interconnected system is 90% sparse. Q.6 Assertion (A) : Load flow studies are
Hence the number of transmission line usually carried out suing YBUS
in the system must be
Reason (R) : YBUS is a sparse matrix
(A) 450 (B) 500
and is generally matching with topology
(C) 900 (D) 1000 of the p.s. network.
Q.2 The bus admittance matrix of a power (A) Both A and R are true and R is the
system is given as correct explanation of A
1 2 3 (B) Both A and R are true but R is not a
1  -j50 +j10 +5  correct explanation of A
2  +j10 -j30 +10  (C) A is true but R is false
3  +j5 +j10 -j25 (D) A is true but R is false
Q.7 Load flow studies must be made on a
The impedance of line between bus 2
power system before
and 3 will be equal to
(A) Making short circuit studies but not
(A) + j0.1 (B) – jo.1 for transient stability studies on the
(C) + j0.2 (D) – j0.2 power system.
Q.3 A sample power system network is (B) Making transient stability studies
shown in the figure given below. The but not for short circuit studies on the
reactance’s marked are in p.u. What is
power system.
the pu value of Y22 of the bus
(C) Making both short circuit and
admittance matrix (YBUS ) ? transient stability studies on the power
~ j0.1 j0.1 ~ system
1 2 (D) For neither making short circuit
j0.2
studies nor transient stability studies on
the power system.
j0.2 j0.2
Q.8 For a graph of power system network
shown in the figure below, where bus
3
number and impedances are marked,
(A) j10.0 (B) j0.4 assuming equal R/X of impedances, find
(C)  j 0.1 (D)  j 20.0 the bus impedance matrix element Z22.
1 3 2
Q.4 A 30 bus power system has 60
2.0
transmission line find % sparsity. 1.0 1.5

0
Q.5 In Gauss-Seidel load flow method, the
number of iterations may be reduced if (A) 2.0 (B) 3.5
the correction in voltage at each bus is (C) 0.5 (D) 4.5
multiplied by Q.9 Assertion (A): Bus admittance matrix is
(A) Gauss constant a sparse matrix.
(B) Acceleration factor Reason (R): In load flow studies, one of
(C) Blocking factor the buses is taken as a slack bus.
2 | Power System
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the
correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT
the correct explanation of A
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false but R is true
Q.10 For a synchronous generator connected
to an infinite bus through a transmission
line, how are the change of voltage
( V ) and the change of frequency ( f )
related to the active power (P) and the
reactive power (Q)?
(A) ( V ) is proportional to P and f to
Q decreases by two.
(B) ( V ) is proportional to Q and f to
P angles remains unchanged and the
(C) Both V and f are proportional to
P
Q.14 A 3-bus power system network consists
(D) Both V and f are proportional to
Q admittance matrix of the uncompensated
Q.11 Which one of the following statement is
correct? The elements of each row of a
YBUS matrix for load flow studies in
power system add up to zero.
(A) Always
(B) If the shunt, admittances at the buses
are ignored
(C) If mutual couplings between
transmission line are absent
(D) If both (B) and (C) are satisfied
Q.12 A power system has 100 buses including
10 generator buses. For the load flow
Q.15 Determine the correctness or otherwise
analysis using Newton-Rephson method
in polar coordinates, the size of the
Jacobean is
(A) 189  189 (B) 100  100
(C) 90  90 (D) 180  180
Q.13 In a 100 bus power system, there are 10
generators. In a particular iteration of
Newton-Rephson load flow technique
(in polar coordinates), two of the PV
buses are converted to PQ type. In this
iteration,
(A) the number of unknown voltage
angles increases by two and the number
of unknown voltage magnitude
increases by two.
(B) The number of unknown voltage
angles remains unchanged and the
number of unknown voltage magnitude
increases by two.
(C) The number of unknown voltage
angles remains increases by two and the
number of unknown voltage magnitude
(D) The number of unknown voltage
number of unknown voltage magnitude
decreases by two.
of 3 transmission line. The bus
system is
-j6 j3 j4 
 j3 -j7 j5 pu.
 
 j4 j5 -j8
If the shunt capacitance of all
transmission line is 50% compensated,
the imaginary part of the 3rd row 3rd
column element (in pu) of the bus
admittance matrix after compensation is
(A) –j7.0 (B) –j8.5
(C)-j7.5 (D) –j9.0
of the following Assertion [a] and
Reason [r]
Assertion: Fast decoupled load flow
method. Given approximate load flow
solution because it uses several
assumptions.
Reason: Accuracy depends on the
power mismatch vector tolerance
 Load Flow Analysis | 3
(A) Both [a] and [r] are true [r] is the Q.19 For a power system network with n
correct reason for [a] nodes, Z33 of its bus impedance matrix
(B) Both [a] and [r] are true [r] is not the is j0.5 per unit. The voltage at node 3 is
correct reason for [a] 1.32  -100 per unit. If a capacitor
(C) Both [a] and [r] are false. having reactance of –j3.5 per unit is now
(D) [a] is false and [r] is true. added to the network between node 3
Q.16 A 183-bus power system has 150 PQ and the reference node, the current
buses and 32 PV buses. In the general drawn by the capacitor per unit is
case, to obtain the load flow solution (A) 0.3251000 (B) 0.325800
using Newton-Raphson method in polar
coordinates, the minimum number of (C) 0.371 1000 (D) 0.433800
simultaneous equations to be solved is Q.20 The bus admittance matrix of a three-
__________. bus three-line system is
Statement for linked Answer -13 10 5 
Questions 17 and 18: Y=j 10 -18 10 
In the following network, the voltage 5 10 -13
magnitudes at all buses are equal to 1
p.u. the voltage phase angles are very If each transmission line between the
small, and the line resistances are buses is represented by an equivalent
negligible. All the line reactance’s are π-network the magnitude of the shunt
equal to j1. susceptance of the line connecting bus 1
Bus 1(slack) j1Ω and 2 is
Bus 2
~ ~ (A) 4 (B) 2
P2 =0.1pu
(C) 1 (D) 0
j1Ω j1Ω
Q.21 A three-bus network is shown in the
figure below indicating the p.u.
Bus 3 P =0.2pu
3 impedance of each element.
Q.17 If the base impedance and the line-to- 1 2 3
line base voltage are 100 and 100kV,
j 0.2
respectively, then the real p[power in j 0.1 -j 0.08 j 0.1
MW delivered by the generator
connected at the slack bus is The Bus admittance matrix, Y-bus, of
(A) -10 (B) 0 the network is
(C) 10 (D) 20 0.3 -0.2 0 
Q.18 The voltage phase angles in red at buses (A) j -0.2 0.12 0.08

2 and 3 are 0 0.08 0.02 
(A)  2  0.1, 3  0.2
-15 5 0 
(B)  2  0, 3  0.1 (B) j 5 7.5 -12.5


(C)  2  0.1, 3  0.1 0 -12.5 2.5 

(D)  2  0.1, 3  0.2

4 | Power System
0.1 0.2 0  (A) Reliable convergence
(C) j 0.2 0.12 -0.08  (B) Slow convergence
0 -0.08 0.10 (C) Choice of slack bus affects
convergence
-10 5 0
(D) j 5 7.5 12.5
(D) A good initial guess for voltage is
essential for convergence
0 12.5 -10  Q.25 The network shown in figure has
Q.22 For the Y-bus matrix of a 4-bus system impedances in p.u. as indicated. The
given in per unit, the buses having shunt diagonal element Y22 of the bus
elements are admittance matrix YBUS of the network
is:
-5 2 2.5 0
 2 -10 2.5 4 1 +j0.1 2 +j0.1 3
YBUS =j  
 2.5 2.5 -9 4
 
0 4 4 -8 -j20.0 -j20.0 -j10.0

(A) 3 and 4 (B) 2 and 3

(C) 1 and 2 (D) 1,2 and 4 (A) –j19.8 (B) +j20.0
Q.23 The figure below shows a three phase (C) +j0.2 (D) –j19.95
self-commutated voltage source Q.26 A new generator having Eg =1.4 300 pu
convener connected to a power system. equivalent to (1.212+j0.70) p.u. and
The converter’s dc bus capacitor is synchronous reactance ‘Xs’ of 1.0 p.u.
marked as C in the figure. The circuit is on the system base, is to be connected to
initially operating in steady state with a bus having voltage Vt in the existing
  0 and the capacitor dc voltage is power system. This existing power
equal to Vdc0 . You may neglect all system can be represented by
losses and harmonics. What action Thevenin’s voltage E th =0.9 00 pu in
should be taken to increase the capacitor series with Thevenin’s impedance
dc voltage slowly to a new steady slate Z th =0.25 900 pu. The magnitude of the
value?
bus voltage Vt of the system in pu will
Three phase
C Voltage source ~ be
converter E δ E 0
(A) 0.990 (B) 0.973
(A) Make  positive and maintain it at a
(C) 0.963 (D) 0.900
positive value
(B) Make  positive and return it to its Q.27 The Z matrix of a 2-point network as
original value given by
(C) Make  negative and maintain it at a  0.9 0.2 
negative value  0.2 0.6 
 
(D) Make  negative and return it to its
original value The element Y22 of the corresponding Y
matrix of the same network is given by
Q.24 The gauss Seidel load flow has
following disadvantages. Tick the (A) 1.2 (B) 0.4
incorrect statement. (C) -0.4 (D) 1.8
 Load Flow Analysis | 5
Q.28 The bus impedance matrix of a 4-bus (C) The load-flow will coverage if the
power system is given by slack bus is specified in either Area 1 or
Area 2
 j0.3435 j0.2860 j0.2723 j0.2277 
 j0.2860 j0.3408 j0.2586 j0.2414  (D) The load-flow will not coverage if
Zbus =  only one slack bus is specified.
 j0.2723 j0.2586 j0.2791 j0.2209 
  Q.31 For the Y-bus matrix given in per unit
 j0.2277 j0.2414 j0.2209 j0.2791  values, where the first, second, third and
A branch having an impedance of fourth row refers to bus 1, 2, 3 and 4
j0.2Ω is connected between bus 2 and respectively, draw the reactance
the reference. Then the values of Z 22,new diagram.

and Z 23,new of the bus impedance matrix -6 2 0 2.5

 2 -10 4 2.5
of the modified network are Ybus =j 
respectively.  2.5 2.5 4 -9
 
(A) j0.5408 and j0.4586 0 4 -8  4
(B) j0.1260 and j0.0956 Q.32 For the given network in fig. 14, obtain
(C) j0.5408 and j0.0956 the bus admittance matrix (YBUS ) using
(D) j0.1260 and j0.1630 the data given:
Q.29 A power system consists of 300 buses 1 2
out of which 20 buses are generator ~
buses, 25 buses are the ones with
reactive power support and 15 buses are
the ones with fixed shunt capacitors. All 3
the other buses are load buses. It is Shunt reactor
proposed to perform a load flow
analysis for the system using Newton-
Raphson method. The size of the
Line Impedance Half of line
Newton-Raphson Jacobean matrix is
between p.u. charging
(A) 553  553 (B) 540  540 nodes admittance
(C) 555  555 (D) 554  554 1-2 0.0+j0.05 j1.25
Q.30 A power system consists of 2 areas 1-3 0.0+j0.02 j0.50
(Area 1 and Area 2) connected by a
2-3 0.0+j0.02 j0.50
single tie line (Figure). It is required to
carry out a load flow study on this Shunt reactor at node 3 Impedance
system. While entering the network 0.0+j2.0
data, the tie-line data (connectivity and Q.33 In load-flow analysis, a voltage-
parameters) is inadvertently left out. If controlled bus is treated as a load bus in
the load flow program is run with this subsequent iterations if a reactive power
incomplete data limit is violated. (True/False)
(A) The load-flow will coverage only if Q.34 In loads flow analysis, the load
the slack bus is specified in Area 1 connected at a bus is represented as
(B) The load-flow will coverage only if
(A) Constant current drawn from the bus
the slack bus is specified in Area 2
6 | Power System
(B) Constant impedance connected at
the bus
(C) Voltage and frequency dependent
source at the bus
(D) Constant real and reactive drawn
from the bus
Q.35 In load flow studies of a power system,
the quantities specified at a voltage-
controlled bus are _________ and
________
Q.36 A sample power-system network is
shown in figure. The reactance’s marked
are in p.u. The p.u value of Y22 of the
Bus Admittance Matrix (YBUS) is:
~ j0.1 j0.1 ~
1 j0.2 2

j0.2 j0.2

(A) j 10.0 (B) j 0.4

(C) –j 0.1 (D) –j 20.0
 Load Flow Analysis | 7

Answer Key : Load Flow Analysis

1 (A) 2 (A) 3 (D) 4 83.33% 5 (B)
6 (A) 7 (C) 8 (B) 9 (B) 10 (B)

11 (D) 12 (A) 13 (B) 14 (B) 15 (D)

16 332 17 (C) 18 (B) (19) (D) 20 (B)

21 (B) 22 (C) 23 (D) 24 (A) 25 (D)
26 (B) 27 (D) 28 (B) 29 (D) 30 (D)
31 Nil 32 Nil 33 True 34 (D) 35 P,V
36 (D)


 CHAPTER – 07 POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION

Q.1 A power system with two generators is A B C

shown in figure below. The system
(generators buses and transmission line) ~
RA RB
is protected by six over current relays
R 1 and R 6 . Assuming a mix of
300A 200A 100A
directional and non directional relays at
appropriate locations, the remote backup The relays are IDMT in nature having
relays for R 4 are the characteristic
0.14×Time Multiplier Setting
R1 R2 t op =
S1 R5 R6 S2 (Plug Setting Multiplier)0.02 -1
~ R3 R4 ~
The maximum and minimum fault
current at bus B are 2000A and 500A
(A) R 1 ,R 2 (B) R 2 ,R 6
respectively. Assuming the time
(C) R 2 ,R 5 (D) R 1 ,R 6 multiplier setting and plug setting for
relay R B to be 0.1 and 5A respectively,
Q.2 A 3-phase transformer rated for 33
kV/11kV is connected in delta/star as the operating time of R B (in seconds) is
shown in figure. The current transformer ____________.
(CTs) on low and high voltage sides has Q.5 Consider a stator winding of an
a ratio of 500/5. Find the currents i1 and alternator with an internal high-
0.14×Time Multiplier Setting resistance ground fault. The current
t op = , if under the fault condition are as shown in
(Plug Setting Multiplier)0.02 -1
the fault current is 300 A as shown in the figure. The winding is protected
using a differential current scheme with
figure.
current transformers of ratio 400/5 A as
a shown. The current through the
b operating coil is
CT ratio 400/S CT ratio 400/S
c 300A
i1 i2 (220+j0)A (220+j0)A

(A) i1 =1/ 3 A, i2 = 0A
Opersting coil
(B) i1 =0 A, i 2 = 0 A
(C) i1 =0 A, i2 = 1/ 3 A
(A) 0.1875A (B) 0.2A
(D) i1 =1/ 3 A, i2 = 1/ 3 A (C) 0.375A (D) 60kA
Q.3 A negative sequence relay is commonly Q.6 A three-phase 33kV oil circuit breaker is
used to protect rated 1200A, 2000MVA 3s. The
(A) an alternator (B) a transformer symmetrical breaking current is
(C) a transmission line (D) a bus bar (A) 1200 A (B) 3600 A
Q.4 The over current relays the line (C) 35 kA (D) 104.8 kA
protection and loads connected at the Q.7 A two machine power system is shown
buses are shown in the figure. below. Transmission line XY has
2 | Power System
positive sequence impedance of Z1 n 1 Transmission 3
Line

and zero sequence impedance of Z0 .

Stuck Bus C
X Y breaker 6
2 4
Bus A
~ F ~

An „a‟ phase to ground fault impedance Transmission

occurs at the center of the transmission
line. Bus voltage at X and line current
from X to F for the phase „a‟, are given
by Va volts and I a Amperes,
respectively. Then, the impedance
measured by the ground distance relay
located at the terminal X of line XY will
be given by
Z Z
(A) 1 (B) 0
2 2
( Z 0  Z1 ) Va
(C) (D) Ω
2 Ia
Q.8 In a biased differential relay, the bias is
defined as a ratio of
(A) Number of turns of restraining and
operating coil
(B) Operating coil current and retraining
coil current
(C) Fault current and operating coil
current
(D) Fault current and restraining coil
current
Q.9 Consider the protection system shown
in the figure below. The circuit breakers,
numbered from 1 to 7 are of identical
type. A single line 10 ground fault with
zero fault impedance occurs at the
midpoint of the line (at point F), but
circuit breaker 4 fails to operate (“stuck
breaker”). If the relays are coordinated
correctly, a valid sequence of circuit
breaker operations is
Line
7
5
Bus B
(A) 1,2,6,7,3,5 (B) 1,2,5,6,7,3
(C) 5,6,7,3,1,2 (D) 5,1,2,3,6,7
Q10 The interrupting time of a circuit
breaker is the period between the instant
of
(A) Initiation of short circuit and the arc
extinction on an opening operation
(B) Energizing of the trip circuit and the
arc extinction on an opening
operation
(C) Initiation of short circuit and the
parting arc contacts
(D) Energizing of the trip circuit and the
parting of primary arc contacts
Q.11 In a 3-step distance protection, the reach
of the three zones of the relay at the
beginning of the first line typically
extends up to
(A) 100% of the first line, 50% of the
second line and 20% of the third line
(B) 80% of the first line, 50% of the
second line and 20% of the third line
(C) 80% of the first line, 20% of the
second line and 10% of the third line
(D) 50% of first line, 50% of the second
line and 20% of the third line
Q.12 The plug setting of a negative sequence
relay is 0.2A. The current transformer
ratio is 5:1. The minimum value of line-
to-line fault current for the operation of
the rely is
1
(A) 1A (B) A
1.732

0.2
(C) 1.732A (D)
1.732
Q.13 In the protection of transformers,
harmonic restrain is used to guard
against
(A) Magnetizing inrush current
(B) Unbalanced operation
(C) Lightning
(D) Switching over-voltages
Q.14 Reactance relay is normally preferred
for protection against
(A) Earth faults (B) Phase faults
(C) Open-circuit faults (D) None of these
Q.15 The neutral of 10MVA, 11kV alternator
is earthed through a resistance of 5
ohms. The earth fault relay is set to
operate at 0.75A. The CT‟s have a ratio
of 1000:5. What percentage of the
alternator winding is protected?
(A) 85% (B) 88.2%
(C) 15% (D) 11.8%
Q.16 Three sections of a feeder are provided
with circuit breakers CB1, CB2, CB3,
CB4, CB5 and CB6.For a fault F as
indicated in fig.
CB 1 CB 2 CB 3 CB 4 CB 5 F CB 6
(A) CB5 must be set to trip after CB1
trips
(B) CB5 must be set trip after CB3 and
CB4 trips
(C) CB5 must be set to trip after CB2
trip
(D) CB5 must be set to trip before CB1,
CB2, CB3 and CB4 trips
Q.17 The distance relay with inherent
directional property is known as
_________.
Q.18 Type of Relay Most suited for
(a) Buchholz relay (p) Feeder
(b) Translay relay (q) Transformer
Power System Protection | 3
(c) Carrier current, (r) Radial distributed
A
Phase comparison relay
(d) Directional over (s) Generator
current relay
(e)Negative sequence (t) Ring main distributor
relay (u) Long overhead transmission
line
Q.19 A three-phase delta-wye connected
30MVA, 33 kV/11 kV transformers is
protected by a simple differential
relaying scheme. The CT ratio on the
primary side is 500: 5 and that on the
secondary side is 2000: 5. Sketch the CT
connection diagram for the relaying
scheme. Also calculate the relay current
setting for faults drawing upto 200% of
the rated current.
Q.20 Resistance switching is normally
employed in
(A) All breakers
(B) Bulk oil breakers
(C) Minimum oil breakers
(D) Air blast circuit breakers
Q.21 The distribution system shown in figure
is to be protected by over current system
of protection.
1 2 3 4
33kv 33kv
supply supply
Load
5
For proper fault discrimination
directional over current relays will be
required at locations
(A) 1 and 4 (B) 2 and 3
(C) 1,4 and 5 (D) 2,3 and 5
Q.22 If the inductance and capacitance of a
power system network upto a circuit
breaker location are 1H and 0.01μF
4 | Power System
respectively, the value of the shunt resist
across the circuit breaker, required for
~ 2 3
critical damping of the re-striking A 1
I
voltage is _________. ~ B D E
G H
Q.23 A Buchholz relay is used for ~ C F J ~

(A) Protection of a transformer against

all internal faults K
4
(B) Protection of a transformer against
L
external faults
(C) Protection of a transformer against
both and external faults
(D) Protection of induction motors
Q.24 Match the following
Equipment Function
(A) Circuit breaker (P) Voltage control
(B) Lighting arrester (Q) power control
(C) Governor (R) Over-voltage protection
(D) Exciter (S) Over-current protection
Q.25 A 50 MVA, 132/66 kV,  , three
phase power transformer is protected by
percentage differential relays. If the
current transformers (CTs) located on
the delta and wye sides of the power
transformer are 300/5A and 1200/5A
respectively, determine
(A) The output current at full load
(B) The relay current at full load
(C) The minimum relay current setting
to permit 25% overload
Q.26 In a 4 bus system the circuit breakers
and the various zones of protection are
shown in figure. If the circuit breakers
E, F and G trip, the location of the fault
is on ________
 Power System Protection | 5

Answer Key : Power System Protection

1 (D) 2 (A) 3 (A) 4 0.2267 sec 5 (C)
6 (C) 7 (D) 8 (B) 9 (C) 10 (B)

11 (B) 12 (C) 13 (A) 14 (A) 15 (B)

(A) = Q
(B) = P
16 (D) 17 MHO 18 (C) = U 19 3.636 20 (D)
(D) = T
(E) = S
(A) = S
500 (B) = R
21 (B) 22 23 (A) 24 25 (A)
ohm (C) = Q
(D) = P
At bus
26
(2)

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