LEVEL OF SATISFACTION OF PWD’s ON MEDICAL SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE LGU’s IN SAN

JOSE CITY NUEVA ECIJA

JAYSON CHRISTOPHER E. DOMINGO

BACHELOR OF ARTS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE

CORE GATEWAY COLLEGE, INC.

San Jose City, Nueva Ecija

MAY 2019
CHAPTER I

I. Introduction

Person with disabilities are the people who are function judged that are significantly impaired. People
who are like this have rights and special treatment according to the state they are in. Nowadays, laws have
improved for these kind of people to have a better life and an easier living than the old ones had.
Judgements can’t be avoided because of the modern age we are in, but with enough knowledge about
PWDs will make us a better person and a better help to our community. There are more than one billion
people with physical and mental disabilities in the world who must overcome challenges every day. One of
those challenges is encountering other people. As a society, we are all different and must recognize the
importance of acceptance. Disability awareness is very important when it comes to breaking stereotypes
and overcoming preconceptions regarding disabilities. Fortunately, there are many people interested in
getting involved with disability awareness and often wonder how they can take part in making a change.
Millions of people with disabilities are likely to spend a lifetime of unemployment and dependency and
about 74.6 million people have some type of physical disability in the U.S. Unfortunately, their employment
and economic situation has not improved since the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 was signed into
law. Our society is filled with prejudice and stereotypes towards disabled people. Understanding that
disability discrimination is unlawful is not enough anymore. A third of people entering the workforce today
will become disabled by the time they retire. Disability Awareness means to educate people about
disabilities, but also provide them with the knowledge on how to carry out tasks regarding disabilities.
People can learn about disability awareness through classes, training courses, or even from disabled
people. Learning acceptance is important but employers, businesses, and organizations must also
understand compliance with the ADA. Ultimately as an employer, it is important to differentiate between
what is good practice and what is not. The first step in promoting disability awareness is education.
Unfortunately, there is a preconception in our society regarding disability. Sometimes there is avoidance,
fear or discomfort that surrounds it. Some people often wonder what if it were them who was disabled.
Disability Awareness Day is on July 16 and Disability Employment Awareness Month is every year in
October, while Disability Awareness Week takes place every year during the spring towards the end of May
and the beginning of June. These annual awareness dates are set in order to promote disabilities and
educate people about them and the Americans with Disabilities Act. Though it’s a great idea to get involved
with awareness activities on these days, you can promote disability awareness year-round. You can
organize a disability awareness event on your school’s campus that educates students about disabilities.
There are also many organizations and groups worth getting involved with that promote disability
awareness. The organization respect ability helps reshape the attitudes of people with disabilities so that
there is inclusion for everyone. Several schools also have awareness groups which put on events and
educate the student body. More and more educators and trainers are working disability awareness into
their teaching curriculums. It’s important that those teaching about disabilities and the laws also understand
them. Additionally, parents are also teaching their kids about people with disabilities. How do we make sure
we are providing students and children with the right information? The main things we should be teaching
them is the importance of inclusion, understanding, and acceptance. Not everyone is the same. Employers,
too, must understand the laws surrounding disabilities. Disability discrimination is unlawful and employers
and companies need to understand this. There is a portion of the Americans with Disabilities Act titled
“Your Responsibilities as an Employer” which highlights which employment practices are covered under the
act, who is protected, and who is covered. Employers can educate themselves by researching and reading
this portion of the Americans with Disabilities Act, but also take classes and training regarding it. Taking the
time to research, participate and enroll in courses about disability awareness not only promotes education,
but also allows people to share their understanding about disabilities, the laws, and importance of
acceptance. There are more than one billion people with physical and mental disabilities in the world who
must overcome challenges every day. One of those challenges is encountering other people. As a society,
we are all different and must recognize the importance of acceptance. Disability awareness is very
important when it comes to breaking stereotypes and overcoming preconceptions regarding disabilities.
Fortunately, there are many people interested in getting involved with disability awareness and often
wonder how they can take part in making a change. Millions of people with disabilities are likely to spend a
lifetime of unemployment and dependency and about 74.6 million people have some type of physical
disability in the U.S. Unfortunately, their employment and economic situation has not improved since the
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 was signed into law. Our society is filled with prejudice and
stereotypes towards disabled people. Understanding that disability discrimination is unlawful is not enough
anymore. A third of people entering the workforce today will become disabled by the time they retire.
Disability Awareness means to educate people about disabilities, but also provide them with the knowledge
on how to carry out tasks regarding disabilities. People can learn about disability awareness through
classes, training courses, or even from disabled people. Learning acceptance is important but employers,
businesses, and organizations must also understand compliance with the ADA. Ultimately as an employer,
it is important to differentiate between what is good practice and what is not.

Statement of the Problem

Generally this study aims to determine the level of satisfaction of PWD’s on Medical Services provided by
San Jose City LGU.

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of.

1.1 Age

1.2 Sex

1.3 Occupation

1.4 Status

1.5 Disability

2. How many times the respondents received medical services in a week by San Jose LGU?

3. What is the level of satisfaction of PWD’s in the medical services provided by San Jose City LGU in terms
of:

3.1 Discount of purchased medicines

3.2 Discount of medical and dental services

3.3 Discount on general check-ups

4. Is there significant relationship between the respondents profile and the level of satisfaction of PWD’s on
Medical Services provided by San Jose City LGU?
Conceptual Framework

• Profile of the Respondents

• Questionnaire
INPUT

• Conducting the Survey

• Distribution and Collecting of Questionnaire
PROCESS

• Level of satisfaction of PWD’s on Medical Services provided by the LGU San Jose
City Nueva Ecija
OUTPUT

Scope and Limitations

This study focuses on the medical services that were given to 100 PWD’s at San Jose City, Nueva Ecija,
LGU. This study informed the citizens about the condition of the medical services to the PWD’s.

Significance of the study

The result will help the following

The Future Researchers

This research will help the researchers to have more knowledge in searching about what is the importance of
satisfaction of the person with disabilities. This will help them to understand a brief explanation of the benefits of the
PWD’s.

Local Government

This study will help them to assist the LGU officials to find the solutions for new and innovative way of giving medical
services to the PWD’s.

PWD’s

It will help them to be informed what benefits they can receive and for them to be given enough care and right
services they deserve.
Definition of terms

Age- refers how old the respondents are

Status- refers to the respondent whether she/he is single, married or widow.

Disability- refers to the disparity of the respondents.

Medical Service- refers to the benefits, services or privilege that are given to the Pwd’s

Occupation- refers to the respondent’s work

Satisfaction- refers to the way of PWD’s portraying their feeling towards the services they get

Sex- pertains if the respondent is female of male.

Diagnosis- refers to the health check up given to the PWD’s

PWD-who are function judged that are significantly impaired

LGU-
 CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literature and Study

This section contains literature and studies regarding online shopping. These materials were gathered from

books, journals, articles, theses, dissertations, online sources and other unpublished materials. These materials

provided the researcher with an exhaustive review and the essential background to pursue this study:

RELATED LITERATURE

According to Manjula Marella and Alexandra Devine in “Rapid assessment of disability in the Philippines:
understanding prevalence, well-being, and access to the community for people with disabilities to inform the W-
DARE project” (2015), International recognition that people with disabilities were excluded from the Millennium
Development Goals has led to better inclusion of people with disabilities in the recently agreed Global Goals for
Sustainable Development (SDGs) 2015–2030. Given the current global agenda for disability inclusion, it is crucial to
increase the understanding of the situation of people with disabilities in the Philippines. The aim of this study was to
estimate the prevalence of disability and compare the well-being and access to the community between people with
and without disabilities. A population-based survey was undertaken in District 2 of Quezon City and in Ligao City. 60
clusters of 50 people aged 18 years and older were selected with probability proportion to size sampling from both
locations. The Rapid Assessment of Disability (RAD) survey was used to identify people with disabilities based on
their responses to activity limitations. The levels of well-being and access to the community for people with
disabilities were compared with controls matched by age, gender, and cluster. Information on barriers to accessing
the community was also collected. The prevalence of disability was 6.8 (95 % CI: 5.9, 7.9) and 13.6 % (95 % CI:
11.4, 16.2) in Quezon City and Ligao City respectively. Psychological distress was the most commonly reported
condition in both locations, although it was often reported with a co-morbid condition related to sensory, physical,
cognitive, and communication difficulties. The prevalence of disability was associated with age and no schooling, but
not associated with poverty. People with disabilities had significantly lower well-being scores and reduced access to
health services, work, rehabilitation, education, government social welfare, and disaster management than people
without disability. Having a disability and negative family attitudes were reported as barriers for people with
disabilities participating in work, community meetings, religious activities, and social activities.

According to Imad Sayrafi in “Disability and Change in the Society: A Study on the Experiences of a Group of
people with disabilities (PWD) in the West Bank and Gaza in advocating disability issues through The project:
Empowering PWD to Claim Their Rights and Entitlements” (2014), this study is informed by a rights-based approach
to disability issues and examines the role PWDs play in these issues so as to introduce a positive change to their
current status. The rights-based approach is based on the fact that any change to the reality of PWDs depends on
the roles of these people themselves in working towards materialising equality. The research initiative stems from
the experience of the Empowerment of People with Disabilities to Claim their Rights and Entitlements Project.
Starting in September 2010, the project was implemented over a period of 42 months by the Centre for Development
Studies (CDS) at Birzeit University in partnership with Medical Aid for Palestinians (MAP). In addition to difficult
access to public services, this significant exercise sheds light on challenges PWDs face, particularly in marginalised
areas. The project team introduced appropriate modifications to ensure PWDs’ effective participation in the project
activities. These included adjustment of participants’ houses, provision of assistive devices, and necessary
modifications made at the CDS. Working experience in disability issues is a learning method PWDs and relevant
disability actors can use. To introduce the desired change in participants’ local communities, advocacy for disability
related issues is the hub and goal of this project.

According to Christian D. Mina in “Employment of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) in the Philippines: The Case
of Metro Manila and Rosario, Batangas” (2013), Persons with disability (PWDs) are among the vulnerable groups in
the country that need utmost attention from the government. This is perhaps the reason why the institutional and
legal environment has been made favorable to this particular group, especially in the area of employment. However,
earlier reports note that the quality of employment of PWDs still needs improvement. This paper examines the
employment profile of PWDs in the Philippines using the 2008 and 2010 disability surveys in selected cities of Metro
Manila (urban) and Rosario, Batangas (rural), respectively. Key findings of this paper are as follows: (1) Proportion of
employed among PWD respondents in the urban area is relatively higher than that in the rural area; (2) Roughly half
of working PWDs are underemployed; (3) Employed PWDs in the urban area are dominated by the visually-impaired
while the hearing-impaired has the highest proportion of employed in the rural area; (4) The leading occupation
among PWDs in the urban area is masseur while farmer/farm worker/livestock and poultry raiser in the rural area,
although many respondents in both areas are also engaged in entrepreneurial activities (e.g., managing a sari-sari
store, e-load business, among others) and are working as helpers/utility workers or laborers; (5) The majority of
employed respondents in both areas are considered as vulnerable workers--self-employed and unpaid family
workers; (6) Some PWDs who are wage/salary workers are considered as informally employed as they are working
as temporary workers without formal contract, seasonal workers, or hired on a daily basis; (7) Multiple
Correspondence Analysis (MCA) suggests that being a member in a Disabled People`s Organization and being at
least high school graduate strongly correlate with being employed; and (8) MCA also revealed that PWDs who are at
least college graduates are more closely related to being officers/managers/supervisors, professionals, and
technicians/associate professionals while those who are at most elementary graduates tend to be laborers/unskilled
and agricultural workers.
 Social protection plays a key role in realizing the rights of persons with disabilities of all ages: providing
them with an adequate standard of living, a basic level of income security; thus reducing levels of poverty and
vulnerability. Moreover, mainstream and/or specific social protection schemes concerning persons with
disabilities can have a major role in promoting their independence and inclusion by meeting their specific needs
and supporting their social participation in a non-discriminatory manner. These social protection measures may
include poverty reduction schemes, cash transfer programmes, social and health insurance, public work
programmes, housing programmes, disability pensions and mobility grants. Social protection from a rights-based
approach must accommodate the needs of persons with disabilities. Traditional disability-related social welfare
schemes have mainly focused on poverty rather than taking into account specific challenges faced by persons
with disabilities; particularly active participation in education, access to health and employment. Previous
methods of addressing benefits for persons with disabilities have shown limited progress in overcoming the
deeply-rooted social structures and practices that hinder opportunities for persons with disabilities.
Consequently, social protection needs to move beyond traditional welfare approaches to intervention systems
that promote active citizenship, social inclusion and community participation while avoiding paternalism and
dependence. The right of persons with disabilities to social protection is recognized by the 1948 Universal
Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
(ICESCR) and, more specifically, the 2006 UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD).
Article 28 of the CRPD in particular recognizes the right of persons with disabilities to an adequate standard of
living and to social protection, ensuring the enjoyment of both rights without discrimination on the basis of ability.
Therefore, States parties should take appropriate measures to ensure that they receive equal access to
mainstream social protection programmes and services —including basic services, social security systems,
poverty reduction programmes and housing programmes— but also specific programmes and services for
disability-related needs and expenses. Furthermore, the Social Protection Floors Recommendation (No.
202) recognizes the importance of national social protection floors to provide basic social security guarantees to
all persons, including persons with disabilities, across the life cycle (with priority given to poverty, vulnerability,
and social exclusion). Recently, as a result of the global financial and economic crisis, some high-income
countries have begun contracting out their social security systems. These measures, taken by the State, have a
compound effect and disproportionately impact persons with disabilities. In contrast, many middle and low-
income countries have begun strengthening their social protection systems and adopting a number of
programmes and counter cyclical measures to reduce poverty, exclusion and inequality especially among
vulnerable populations. (Social Protection and Human Rights, 2015)
 Today, the world population is over 7 billion people. More than one billion people, or approximately 15 per cent of
the world's population, live with some form of disability. 80 per cent live in developing countries. A disability is a
condition or function judged to be significantly impaired relative to the usual standard of an individual of their group.
The term is often used to refer to individual functioning, including physical impairment, sensory impairment, cognitive
impairment, intellectual impairment, mental illness, and various types of chronic disease. This usage has been
described by some disabled people as being associated with a medical model of disability. Persons with disabilities,
“the world’s largest minority”, have generally poorer health, lower education achievements, fewer economic
opportunities and higher rates of poverty than people without disabilities. This is largely due to the lack of services
available to them (like information and communications technology (ICT), justice or transportation) and the many
obstacles they face in their everyday lives. These obstacles can take a variety of forms, including those relating to the
physical environment, or those resulting from legislation or policy, or from societal attitudes or discrimination. People
with disabilities are at much higher risk of violence, children with disabilities are almost four times more likely to
experience violence than non-disabled children. Adults with some form or disability are 1.5 times more likely to be a
victim of violence than those without a disability. Adults with mental health conditions are at nearly four times the risk
of experiencing violence. Factors which place people with disabilities at higher risk of violence include stigma,
discrimination, and ignorance about disability, as well as a lack of social support for those who care for them.
Inclusive society and development says that Evidence and experience shows that when barriers to their inclusion are
removed and persons with disabilities are empowered to participate fully in societal life, their entire community
benefits. Barriers faced by persons with disabilities are, therefore, a detriment to society as a whole, and accessibility
is necessary to achieve progress and development for all. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
(CRPD) recognizes that the existence of barriers constitutes a central component of disability. Under the Convention,
disability is an evolving concept that “results from the interaction between persons with impairments and attitudinal
and environmental barriers that hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others.”
Accessibility and inclusion of persons with disabilities are fundamental rights recognized by the Convention on the
Rights of Persons with Disabilities and are not only objectives, but also pre-requisites for the enjoyment of other
rights. The Convention seeks to enable persons with disabilities to live independently and participate fully in all
aspects of life and development. It calls upon States Parties to take appropriate measures to ensure that persons
with disabilities have access to all aspects of society, on an equal basis with others, as well as to identify and
eliminate obstacles and barriers to accessibility. ( UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central
African Republic (MINUSCA), 2016)

About 16 per thousand of the country’s population had disability of the 92.1 million household population in
the country, 1,443 thousand persons or 1.57 percent had disability, based on the 2010 Census of Population and
Housing (2010 CPH). The recorded figure of persons with disability (PWD) in the 2000 CPH was 935,551 persons,
which was 1.23 percent of the household population. Among the 17 regions, Region IV-A had the highest number of
PWD at 193 thousand. This was followed by the National Capital Region (NCR) with 167 thousand PWD. The
Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR), on the other hand, had the lowest number of PWD at 26 thousand. Ten
regions had proportion of PWD higher than the national figure. These were Region VI (1.95 percent), Region IVB and
Region V (both 1.85 percent each), Region VIII (1.75 percent), Region II (1.72 percent), Region I (1.64 percent), CAR
(1.63 percent), Region XI and Region VII (both 1.60 percent each), and CARAGA (1.58 percent). Of the total PWD in
2010, males accounted for 50.9 percent while females comprised 49.1 percent. These figures resulted in a sex ratio
of 104 males with disability for every 100 females with disability. Males with disability outnumbered females in the
age groups 0 to 64 years. The largest excess in the number of males was in the age group 0 to 14 years with a sex
ratio of 121 males per 100 females. On the other hand, there were more females with disability than males in the age
group 65 years and over. This is because of the higher survival rate of women than men. In this age group, there
were 70 males with disability per 100 females. Disability was highest among persons aged 5 to 19 years For every
five PWD, one (18.9 percent) was aged 0 to 14 years, three (59.0 percent) were in the working age group (aged 15 to
64 years), and one (22.1 percent) was aged 65 years and over. Persons with disability were more likely to be in the
ages 5 to 19 years and 45 to 64 years. By five-year age group, among the household population with disability,
children aged 10 to 14 years comprised the largest age group (7.2 percent). This was followed by those in the age
groups 15 to 19 years (6.9 percent), 5 to 9 years (6.7 percent), and 50 to 54 years (6.6 percent). (Philippine
Statistics Authority, 2013)
 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

Descriptive type of research method was used in this study to determine the data about the level of

satisfaction of PWD on medical services in San Jose City Nueva Ecija . A descriptive method was used because this

study tends to seek for the factors that the respondents consider in medical services and because this study seeks to

identify the relationship of the factors the respondents consider and their level of satisfaction medical services in San

Jose City. Purposive sampling will be used to determine the proper respondents of the study.

Locale of the Study

San Jose, officially the City of San

Jose, in Tagalog:” Lungsod ng
San Jose”, in Pangasinan:”
Siyudad na San Jose”, In
Ilokano:” Siudad ti San Jose”, or
simply referred to as San Jose
City is a 3rd class city in the
province of Nueva Ecija,
Philippines. According to the 2015
census, it has a population of
139,738 people. Before the city
was founded by the Spaniards, it
is known as Kabaritan, named for
the plant commonly seen in the
area. With its wide plains,
agriculture is the main source of
Figure 1. Research Environment of the Study Design livelihood in the city. It is part of
the rice granary of the Philippines.
Besides from rice the city also produces vegetables, fruits and onions. It is now a leading producer of onions in the
country. Every year the Pagibang Damara Festival is held on April coinciding with the annual fiesta to celebrate this.
Pagibang Damara is a variety of onion and palay grown in the area .The city has two pronounced seasons, rainy
season from the months of May to November and the dry season in the remaining months. It is related to other
Philippine languages, such as the Bikol languages, Ilocano, the Visayan languages, Kapampangan, and Pangasinan,
and more distantly to other Austronesian languages, such as the Formosan languages of Taiwan, Malay (Malaysian
and Indonesian), Hawaiian, Māori, and Malagasy. Tagalog is the predominant language used in the tanaga, a type of
Filipino poem and the indigenous poetic art of the Tagalog people.

Research Respondents

Seleccted person with disabilities in San Jose City, Nueva Ecija are the research respondents which chosen

after the survey we had distributed. The number of the proper respondents depends on the result of the preliminary

survey that was conducted purposively. There are 100 respondents that were given questionnaires after the said

survey.

Research Instruments

In gathering the pertinent information needed for the study, the data was being collected with the use of the

following data gathering procedures:

Survey

This instrument was the used after the survey of the person with disabilities inside who were using the

medical services of San Jose City, Nueva Ecija. This instrument was used to gather some personal information from

the respondents such as their name, age and occupation, this survey has two short questions that was used to

identify the satisfaction of person with disabilities in terms of medical services at San Jose City Nueva Ecija.

Questionnaire

This instrument is composed of three parts that was found from the chosen persons with disabilities in

terms of medical services at San Jose City Nueva Ecija.

Data Gathering Procedure

 Construction of communication letters first made upon the approval of the communication letter it followed

by the preliminary survey which conducted at San Jose City Nueva Ecija. The data to be gathered are collected at

San Jose City Nueva Ecija vicinity specifically to the hospitals and clinics. After the evaluation of the survey, the

researchers personally gave the questionnaire to the proper respondents who answered “no” will be disregarded.

Analysis and interpretation of the gathered data will follow.

As will be showing at the of data gathering procedure, the first step contains the identification of chosen

respondent after the preliminary survey we distributed, second step is constructing and formulating questionnaires,

third is distributing and collecting questionnaires to our respondents then analyzing and interpreting gathered data

using spss results and lastly I provide conclusion of the overall data.

Data Analysis

In treating the data collected, the following statistical tools will be used.

Frequency and Percentage.

These will be utilized to establish the profile of the respondents according to sex, age, source of income and other

factors.