Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
By Hartini, S.Pd
Instructions:
Answer:
1. Part of the learning activities throughout Module 1.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1
Personal Letter is a kind of letter in an informal composition which usually
concerns about personal matters rather than professional concerns. It is sent from
one individual to another. Talking about personal letter, we will go on to the social
function of it that is to give information to the receiver who is usually someone
closes to the sender, like parent, brother, sister, cousin, and close friend. Personal
letter consists of sender address, date when the letter written, salutation, body,
closing, signature. However, the main part consist of greeting, body of letter, and
closing.
Here, in Learning Activity 1, there are three examples of personal letter. The
three examples have different content, however they are similar in the part of social
function, text structure, and lexicon-grammatical feature. In case of social function,
they are generally written to give information to people, and create good relationship
of them. However, deeply each example letter has different purposes/focuses. The
first letter focuses on reconnecting, asking and sharing news to the best friend who is
now far away. The second letter focuses making a new friendship relation. Meanwhile,
the third letter focuses on responding the previous letter sent to her.
In all of example letters given in Learning Activity 1, the structure of them are
generally similar. There are greeting, body of the letter, and closing on each letter. It
has only a little different in some detail parts of each structure.
Talking about lexicon-grammatical feature, all of the example letters use simple
present, especially when the writer wants to tell personal news. In addition, they use
past tenses to share past experiences. However, there are some differences in some
features. On the first letter, the position of the date is written on top. It also uses
warmly greeting ‘Dear Fatima’. At the closing part, there is the word ‘Love’ to show
how close is the relationship between the sender and receiver. The second and the
third letters, there are no date. About greeting, they are casual but not as warm and
intimate as the first letter.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 2
Learning activity 2 discusses about Announcement. It is a spoken or written
statement that tells people about something, delivered in such formal or informal
words that announce something publicly. Therefore, the function of Announcement is
to give information to people. The generic structure of it consists about tittle and
body/content of announcement. However, for spoken announcement, it is not really
necessary to give tittle. The content of announcement usually consists of the event
name, time and place, and participant. The language feature of announcement can be
formal or informal, based on situation.
In learning activity 2, there are two types of announcements, written and spoken.
Both written and spoken announcements have similar in general purpose. About
structure of written announcement, there hasn’t much differences. It has heading or
tittle at the beginning, then followed by the content about some detail information.
The spoken announcement starts with welcome before getting to the core of the
matter of announcement while the written structures as a rule have title over the
announcement. Furthermore, in spoken announcement, the presentation of the speaker
is normally done toward the start of the announcement while the written structure is as
a rule toward the finish of the announcement. Spoken announcements likewise
requires the speaker to focus on the elocution and inflection to make the data obvious
while the written one is concentrating on the punctuation marks and different
prerequisites of a good composition.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 3
Learing Activity 3 tells about Analytical Exposition. It is a content that explains
the writer's thought regarding the phenomena surrounding. Its social function is to
influence the readers that the thought/idea is significant issue, and to break down the
theme that the thesis/feeling is right by building up an argument to support it. About
text structure, analytical exposition consists of three main parts: thesis, supporting
arguments, and conclusion/reiteration paragraph.
An analytical exposition text ought to be well-arranged and well-organized to be
a good one. It is organized individually from proposition to present the case and
author's position, arguments to support his position, and emphasis to reinforce the
thesis. Through a good analytical exposition, the writers can persuade the readers that
the case he is discussing is significant by expressing solid arguments to help his
position. arguments are all around bolstered with clear clarifications and evidences.
Here in learning activity 3, there are two sample texts of analytical exposition.
Both text 1 and text 2 have the similar structure; one thesis paragraph, three
supporting paragraph, and one reiteration paragraph.The different is only on the
content. On the text 1, the thesis is about three levels of government on the first
paragraph. It is supported by the first argument “First, the federal government is
necessary for big things” on the second paragraph. Then, it is followed by second
argument “Similarly, the state governments look after the middle sized things” on the
third paragraph. The last argument “Finally, the local governments look after the
small things and daily matters” is stated on the fourth paragraph. At the end of text,
there is reiteration paragraph “Thus, for the reasons above we can conclude that the
three levels of government are necessary”.
Meanwhile, on the text 2, the thesis is about exploring the educational potential of
television. Then, this thesis is supported by some arguments. The first argument is:
existing educational television programs that were developed to enhance the literacy
development of both children and adults have been quite successful in achieving their
intended outcomes, stated on the second paragraph. Next argument is stating on the
third paragraph “Second, because television is a very accessible medium, it has the
potential to reach learners that have not been able to participate in traditional adult
literacy programs”. The third argument is stated on the fourth paragraph “Finally, the
development of new visual technologies makes it possible to provide users with more
control and interactivity”. The reiteration is clearly stated on the Fifth paragraph “To
conclude, many teachers in UK are recently becoming aware to benefit the potential
of television programs to support the teaching processes”.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 4
Learning Activity 4 tells about hortatory exposition. It is a writing that explains
the readers that something should or should not happen or be done. Therefore, the
social function of it is to persuade the readers that something should or should not be
the case. To strengthen the explanation, the writer needs some arguments as the
fundamental reasons of the given idea. About generic structure, a hortatory exposition
consists of thesis, arguments, and recommendation paragraphs.
There are two texts of hortatory exposition as the examples in Learning Activity 4.
Both text 1 and text 2 have the same social function that is to persuade the readers that
something should or not should be case. However, in text 1, the purpose specifically
persuades the reader about the topic the difference between driving in the city and the
country to be the case. Meanwhile in text 2, the purpose is to persuade the reader
about the topic the numbers of people affected by the Asian 2004 tsunami, as the case.
Talking about generic structure in Learning Activity 4, the two texts have the
similar structure; thesis, arguments, and recommendation paragraphs. In the text 1, the
thesis is: In all the discussion over the removal of lead from petrol there doesn’t seem
to have been any mention of difference between driving in the city and the country.
Then it is followed by the argument, that is: While I realize my leaded petrol car is
polluting the air wherever I drive, I feel that when you travel through the country,
where you only see another car every five to ten minutes, the problem is not as severe
as when traffic is concentrated on city roads. The recommendation in this text is: I
feel that country people, who often have to travel huge distances to the nearest town
and who already spend a great deal of money on petrol, should be treated differently
to the people who live in the city.
Meanwhile in Text 2, the thesis is: The Asian 2004 tsunami was probably the
worst natural disaster in human memory because of the numbers of people affected. It
is followed by some arguments. The first is: Data from the Aceh Province Fisheries
Statistics Yearbooks (1995–2005) shows there was a general decrease then an
increase in the overall number of boats from 1994 to 2004, but part of this was
attributable to switching from many small boats to a smaller number of larger boats
with inboard engines. The second argument is: Minimal provincial fisheries data are
available for the period since the tsunami, but at Lampulo, Banda Aceh, it was
possible to obtain some monthly data on catch, catch per boat, trips and number of
boats between February 2004 and May 2006. The next argument is: The quantity and
productivity of marine fish resources in Sri Lanka is driven by the presence of a
narrow continental shelf and the lack of significant areas of up-welling. In the last part,
there is writer’s recommendation, that is: The available evidence shows that overall,
impacts of the tsunami on fisheries are more related to ongoing and new
tsunami-related “human” factors, rather than the physical or biological effects of the
disaster on resources and ecosystems.