Chemical equation:

A)Identify the reactants, products and the state of each substances.

1. HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) NaCl (aq) + H2O (i)
2. CuCO3 (s) CuO (s) + CO2 (g)

3. HCl (g) + NH3 (g) NH4Cl (s)

B) Write a chemical equation for each of the following reactions.

1. A solution of silver nitrate is added to a solution of sodium chloride. A precipitate of silver chloride and a
solution of sodium nitrate are produced.

2. Nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen gas to produce ammonia gas.

3. When solid lead (II) carbonate is heated strongly, it decomposes into solid lead (II) oxide and carbon
dioxide gas is released.

4. H2 (g) + O2 (g)  H2O (l)

C) Numerical problems involving chemical equation

Generally the steps involved in stoichiometric calculations are as follows.

A  chemical which given information

B  chemical with answer

STEP 1 Write the balanced equation of the reaction.

STEP 2 Find No of mole of A

STEP 3 Based on equation, compare no of mole

STEP 4 Calculate B

Copper (II) oxide, CuO reacts with aluminium according to the following equation.
 3CuO (s) + 2Al (s) Al2O3 (s) + 3Cu (s)

Calculate the mass of aluminium required to react completely with 12 g of copper (II) oxide, CuO.

[Relative atomic mass : O, 16 ; Al, 27 ; Cu, 64]

Solution :

Exercises:

1. 2K (s) + Br2 (g) 2KBr (s)

How many moles of potassium are needed to reacts with 0.5 mole of bromine gas ?

2. 1.35 g of aluminium reacts with excessive copper (II) oxide powder to produce aluminium oxide powder
and copper. Find the number of copper atoms produced.

[Relative atomic mass : Al, 27 ; Avogadro constant : 6.02 x 1023 mol-1]

3.
Zn (s) + 2HNO3 (aq) Zn(NO3)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
3
What is the mass of zinc needed to produce 2.4 dm of hydrogen gas at room conditions ?

[Relative atomic mass : Zn, 65 ; Molar volume 24 dm3 mol-1 at room conditions]